Answer:
The remaining part of the question is:
What happened to Weinstein?
A. After the bankruptcy, he raised new capital and started another fabric coating company.
B. He was convicted, sentenced to prison, and ordered to make restitution.
C. He cooperated with the government and became an informant against his partners who had been siphoning cash off of government contracts.
D. He was placed on probation after reimbursing the shareholders with the profits he had made on investments in the stock market.
Correct Answer:
B. He was convicted, sentenced to prison, and ordered to make restitution.
Explanation:
As a result of the frauds which Michael Weinstein committed leading to the failure of the company, he was charged to court based on the evidence gathered. Later, he was found guilty by the court leading to him being jailed.
Suppose when a monopolist produces 50 units its average revenue is $8 per unit, its marginal revenue is $4 per unit, its marginal cost is $4 per unit, and its average total cost is $3 per unit. What can we conclude about this monopolist? a. The monopolist is currently maximizing profits, and its total profits are $200. b. The monopolist is currently maximizing profits, and its total profits are $250. c. The monopolist is not currently maximizing its profits; it should produce more units and charge a lower price to maximize profit. d. The monopolist is not currently maximizing its profits; it should produce fewer units and charger a higher price to maximize profit.
Answer:
b. The monopolist is currently maximizing profits, and its total profits are $250
Explanation:
The computation of monopolist is shown below:-
The monopolist is producing 50 units ate which are
MR = $4
Price = $8
MC = $4
ATC = $3
This applies that
MR = MC
while
P > ATC
So the monopolist is making a profit by making profit-maximizing quantity.
Total profits are (P - ATC) × Q
= (8 - 3) × 50
= $250
Hence, b option is correct
One identical unit is purchased on each of the following three dates and at the respective costs: June 1 at $10 June 2 at $15 July 4 at $20 The company sells two units during the period. Conclude which inventory items are sold first and which unit remains in ending inventory if the company is using the FIFO cost flow assumption.A. The June 1 at 10 is sold; the June 2 at $15 and July 4 at $20 remain in ending inventory.B. The June 1 at 10 and the June 2 at $15 are both sold; the July 4 unit remains in ending inventory.C. The June 2 at $15 and the July 4 at $20 are both sold; the June 1 at $10 remains in ending inventory.
Answer:
B. The June 1 at 10 and the June 2 at $15 are both sold; the July 4 unit remains in ending inventory.
Explanation:
FIFO means first in, first out. It means that it is the first purchased inventory that is the first to be sold
2 units were sold. the June 1 and June 2 units would be the items sold because they were the first to be purchased according to the dates.
the ending inventory would be the the July 4 unit
Capital rationing uses the following measures to determine the funding of projects except a.verifying the best financing option available. b.establishing minimum standards by applying the cash payback and the average rate of return. c.considering qualitative factors. d.ranking the proposals with the available funds.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Capital Rationing can be defined as restrictions imposed by a company on the new investments and projects. The purpose of imposing capital rationing is to fortify the flow of cash of a company. It is done so that the compnay may not run out of the cash. Capital Rationing is imposed by making the cost of capital higher on new investments.
The function that is NOT performed by Capital rationing is verifying the best financing option available.
So, the correct answer is option A.
George wanted a home in the St. Paul area. He was willing to pay premium price for it even though there were other homes in other areas that were better values. When George was asked why he was willing to pay so much, he told the sales associate that he worked in that area and that he wanted his children to attend school in a specific school district. George's willingness to pay top dollar for a home in St. Paul is because of which characteristic of value?
Answer:
George's willingness to pay top dollar for a home in St. Paul is because of the following characteristics of Value:
"Values are a set of choices with the ability to be fluid such that may be ranked depending on the current situation."
Explanation:
In the question above, George prioritised familiarity with and emotional attachment to the St. Paul area given that he had worked there before and was convinced about the value he'd get from a school in that area.
Notice that he could have put a premium of security, access to social amenities and a host of other factors. However, those factors are not key in the ranking of values which informed George's choice.
Cheers!
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Your 15-year-old brother comes home with the great news that he has decided to buy his first car he found on Craigs List. Your brother has just agreed to give $7,000 to a buy the car. He signed the contract and just needs to pay the stranger and pick up the car. Your dad is upset and calls the stranger to tell him your brother will not be buying the car. The stranger can:_________.
a. do nothing.
b. sue your brother for specific performance.
c. sue your brother for breach of contract.
d. sue your dad for breach of contract.
Answer:
a. do nothing.
Explanation:
In this scenario the contract to buy the car was entered by your 15 year old brother. According to the law the legal age for an individual to be able to enter into a legal contract is 18 years and above.
If a person is less than 18 years they will require the guardian to be the person entering the contract on their behalf.
Since the contract was not entered into with the father's knowledge, this is not a legally binding contract.
So the stranger cannot sue in this instance
In one year, Hitech Microdevices will pay a common stock dividend of $4.35. You predict that you will be able to sell your Hitech stock for $57 per share after 1 year. If you require a rate of return of 16 percent on Hitech stock, how much would you be willing to pay now for a share of the stock?
Answer:
Price to be paid now = $52.89
Explanation:
The Dividend Valuation Model is a technique used to value the worth of an asset. According to this model, the worth of an asset is the sum of the present values of its future cash flows discounted at the required rate of return.
The stock would be held for just a period, hence we would use the single period return model. This is given as follows:
Price now = D/(1+r) + P×(1+r)
Dividend , r - rate of return, P -year-end price of stock
Dividend = 4.35, r-16%, P- 57
Price = 4.35/(1.16) + 57/(1.16)= $52.89
Price to be paid now = $52.89
The Code of Professional Conduct contains Principles that guide all members of the AICPA. A commitment to act for the benefit of clients, creditors, investors, and others is most directly embodied in which Principle?
Answer:
The right answer is "The public interest".
Explanation:
Something that threatens the general public privileges, wellbeing, or finances throughout general. Public interest throughout the customer relations but mostly entanglements of central, state, as well as the national government, seems to be a legitimate issue and that of other community members. This doesn't specifically mean interest but seems to be a broad term often used to refer to something like the legislative body as well as the general welfare of the general public.Which of the following is an owner of a fee simple absolute NOT able to do...? Lease the property to another Pledge the property as security of a debt Build beyond the property line of the land Grant an easement
Answer:
Correct Answer:
4. Build beyond the property line of the land
Explanation:
Fee simple absolute is an estate in land, which is a form of freehold ownership. It is a way that real estate and land may be owned in common-law countries. And, also is the highest possible ownership interest that can be held in real property.
Part 1 Using the refusal skills sequence, complete the case scenario by indicating how you would refuse to be involved in the situation. Include all eight steps of the refusal sequence, and use the format indicated below for each step. (List the step then the action) Example: 1. What are they asking me to do and why? They are asking me to participate in an activity that is illegal and against my personal values. (Double space after each answer.) Case Study Number ____________ 1. What are they asking me to do and why? 2. Label what they are asking you to do (i.e. illegal, dangerous, etc.). 3. Determine the consequences if you get caught or if you participate in this activity. 4. Communicate my refusal. 5. Say no. 6. Use "I" statements. 7. Suggest an alternative. 8. Leave the scene and avoid questionable places.
Incomplete question.
Full Question and Explanation:
1. What are they asking me to do and why?
They are asking me to do things both illegal and sexual that I do not believe in doing.
2. Label what they are asking you to do (i.e. illegal, dangerous, etc.).
It is Illegal, sexual, and dangerous
3. Determine the consequences if you get caught or if you participate in this activity.
I could get infected with a disease or even get arrested by law enforcement agents.
4. Communicate my refusal.
I do not do such things and I will not follow others in their wrongful course.
5. Say no.
No matter what you say, I say no!
6. Use "I" statements.
I feel that you do not consider my feelings when you try to force me because I don't want to do these things.
7. Suggest an alternative.
No, lets go and watch a movie at the movie theater.
8. Leave the scene and avoid questionable places.
My mom must be waiting for me by now, I'll have to go home.
On January 1, 2018, Martinez Inc. granted stock options to officers and key employees for the purchase of 22,000 shares of the company’s $10 par common stock at $23 per share. The options were exercisable within a 5-year period beginning January 1, 2020, by grantees still in the employ of the company, and expiring December 31, 2024. The service period for this award is 2 years. Assume that the fair value option-pricing model determines total compensation expense to be $340,800.On April 1, 2019, 2,200 options were terminated when the employees resigned from the company. The market price of the common stock was $33 per share on this date.On March 31, 2020, 13,200 options were exercised when the market price of the common stock was $41 per share.Prepare journal entries to record issuance of the stock options, termination of the stock options, exercise of the stock options, and charges to compensation expense, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019, and 2020. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)DateAccount Titles and ExplanationDebitCreditJan. 1, 2018Dec. 31, 2018April 1, 2019Dec. 31, 2019Mar. 31, 2020Jan. 1, 2018Dec. 31, 2018April 1, 2019Dec. 31, 2019Mar. 31, 2020Jan. 1, 2018Dec. 31, 2018April 1, 2019Dec. 31, 2019Mar. 31, 2020Jan. 1, 2018Dec. 31, 2018April 1, 2019Dec. 31, 2019Mar. 31, 2020Mar. 31, 2020
Answer:
Date Account titles and explanation Debit Credit
Jan 1, 2018 No entry
Dec 31, 2018 Compensation expense $170,400
Paid in capital - stock option $170,400
($340800 * 1/2)
April 1,2019 Paid in capital - stock option $17,040
Compensation expenses $17,040
($170400 * 2200 / 22000)
Dec 31 ,2019 Compensation expenses $153,360
Paid in capital - stock option $153,360
{($340800 * 1/2) * 19800 / 22000}
Mar 31, 2020 Cash $303,600
(13,200 * $23)
Paid in capital - stock option $204,480
($340800 * 13200 / 22000)
Common stock $132,000
(13200 * $10)
Paid in capital in excess of par $376,080
Which of the following is a true statement? A. Adverse selection occurs after a transaction has taken place in insurance markets. B. The FDIC has reduced the problem of moral hazard but not the problem of adverse selection. C. The FDIC has reduced the number of depositors who have lost savings, but in doing so, has inadvertently encouraged banks to make riskier loans. D. Moral hazard is a problem that occurs before a transaction takes place when asymmetric information is a problem.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
FDIC gives insurance to depositors. it promises to pay back a certain amount of the deposits of a banks customers in the case where a bank fails. As a result of this insurance banks have a greater incentive to take on more risky projects because they know that their customers would be protected even the project goes sour and the bank fails.
Due to the services of the FDIC, less depositors have lost money when a bank fails because of the insurance services they provide to depositors.
Which of the following is the best way to help build your self-esteem?
OA. Adapt.
B. Be critical.
C. Speak clearly
D. Know your abilities.
Answer:
The correct answer is D. Know your abilities.
Explanation
Self-esteem is the feeling that makes people worry about themselves and arouses the feeling of self-preservation; this is related to the way we value ourselves and we feel confident about our abilities, personality, and attributes. Due to this, one of the first steps to build or improve self-esteem is to know yourself and appreciate positive aspects such as attributes, strengths, talents, abilities, etc. Also, it is important to recognize negative aspects but to avoid focusing on these. As a result, you can understand your own value and appreciate or love yourself for this. So, the correct answer is A. Know your abilities.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
To know your abilities so you will know what you can do
If an advertisement is affiliated with a website's content, what might that suggest?
A. that the information you find is biased
B. that the advertisements were free
C. that the advertisements financially support the site
D. that the information you find will be entirely untrue
I'm confused between some answers can someone clarify.
Answer:
It suggests that the advertisement financially supports the website ( C )
Explanation:
Affiliation is the official attachment of businesses with common interest wherein one party controls or is in-charge of the business relationship between the parties. in some cases a third party might be in control as well.
The information found on an advertisement that is affiliated with a website content shows that the advert and the website are in business together hence the advert supports the website financially, because the details contained in the advert might be drawn from the contents of the websites.
Dervish Company uses LIFO for all of its inventories. During its second quarter of 2009, Dervish experienced a LIFO liquidation. Dervish fully expects to replace the liquidated inventory in the early part of the third quarter. How should Dervish report the inventory temporarily liquidated on its income statement for the second quarter
Answer: The cost of the goods that are sold for the second quarter should consist of the expected replacement cost of the goods that are temporarily liquidated.
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Dervish Company uses LIFO for all of its inventories and that during its second quarter of 2009, Dervish experienced a LIFO liquidation. We are further told that Dervish fully expects to replace the liquidated inventory in the early part of the third quarter.
When Dervish is reporting the inventory temporarily liquidated on its income statement for the second quarter, the cost of the goods that are sold for the second quarter should consist of the expected replacement cost of the temporarily liquated goods.
In order to deal with the financial problems inherent to the current Social Security system, President Waldhart proposes that anyone making over $150,000 would receive no benefits. This solution best fits with a(n) ____ approach. Group of answer choices
Answer: means test benefit
Explanation:
A means test is used to determines whether an individual or a household will be eligible to get some payments or benefits.
An example is the one illustrated in the question whereby President Waldhart proposes that anyone making over $150,000 would receive no benefits.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? Inventory sourcing occurs when an order is created. Inventory sourcing occurs when an order is changed. Inventory sourcing occurs when a quotation is made. Inventory sourcing occurs when the delivery document is created
Answer:
Inventory sourcing occur when a quotation is created
Explanation:
Inventory sourcing is a process of inventory replacement that involves locating and selecting suppliers of inventory based on certain criteria.
The process of inventory sourcing includes creating an order ,changing an order and creating the delivery document .
Submitting a quotation is a pre - sourcing activity that may not necessarily lead to sourcing except the prices and other terms contained in it is in line with the business strategy of the buying organization.
A project manager has just found out that a major subcontractor for her project is consistently late delivering work. The project team member responsible for this part of the project does not get along with the subcontractor. To resolve the problem, the project manager says, "You both will have to give up something to solve this problern," What conflict resolution method is she using
Answer:
compromise
Explanation:
Compromise as a conflict resolution strategy is one that involves finding acceptable reasons such that all the parties involved in the conflict have their concerns satisfied partly.
The project manager saying "You both will have to give up something to solve this problem" means that both parties involved in the conflict will have to come to an agreement that suits or benefits both parties.
Cheers.
All the following statements concerning variable life insurance are correct EXCEPT: Group of answer choices The policyowner can invest the cash value in different investment accounts. The premium is level and guaranteed not to increase. The death benefit can vary with the policy's investment experience. Cash surrender values are guaranteed.
Answer:
D. Cash surrender values are guaranteed.
Explanation:
Variable Life Insurance is an insurance policy that requires a specific amount of the premium paid by the insurance holder to be dedicated to the investment funds and assets of the company offering the insurance policy. It is important to know that
1. there is a cash value account that can be invested in different subaccounts in this type of policy.
2. The premium level is fixed and the policyholder is expected to pay it on a regular basis. He can be assured that the premium level will not increase.
3. A death benefit is also guaranteed to be paid to a beneficiary chosen by the policyholder, but the amount to be paid as the death benefit depends on how good or bad the policy's investment performed.
But then it is important to note that the cash surrender values are not guaranteed because there is a risk factor. They can fluctuate depending on whether the policy performed poorly or excellently.
Joan, the editorial head of a daily newspaper, implements a change to the newspaper's outline. He discusses this change with Sylvia, the marketing head of the company, and advises her to improvise the marketing strategy based on the updated outline. In the context of organizational authority, Joan is most likely exercising _____.
Answer: staff authority
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Joan, the editorial head of a daily newspaper, implements a change to the newspaper's outline and he then discusses this change with Sylvia, the marketing head of the company, and advises her to improvise the marketing strategy based on the updated outline.
The organizational authority, that Joan is most likely exercising is the staff authority. This is the power given to an employee based on the role or work they do in the organization. He is applying the authority as a staff.
Which of the following would be an example of direct finance? Group of answer choices A saver deposits money into a credit union. A saver buys a bond a corporation has just issued so it can purchase capital. None of the above is correct. A saver buys shares in a mutual fund.
Answer:
A saver buys a bond a corporation has just issued so it can purchase capital.
Explanation:
Direct finance is the process of financing in which the borrower borrows thd fund directly from the financial institution without involving the third party i.e intermediate, broker, etc
In the question, the option b is correct as it derives that a saver could purchase a bond since the corporation issued it so the capital could be purchased
hence, the second option is correct
Answer:
A saver buys a bond a corporation has just issued so it can purchase capital.
Explanation:
Andrea hired Jack to be the sales agent for her paintings. However, in a month's time, she terminated the agency with Jack. Harold, a customer who had dealt with Jack earlier, was not aware of the termination. Harold approached Jack to buy a painting and wrote him a check of $5,000, the advance payment for the painting which Jack promised would be delivered in two weeks. When Jack did not contact Harold later, Harold demanded that Andrea honor the contract, since Jack sold the picture as her agent. Which of the following is true of this situation?
A. Since Jack had apparent authority, Andrea is liable to honor his contract with Harold.
B. Harold's duty was to contact Andrea. His failure to do this removes her liability to honor the contract.
C. Jack had express authority as Andrea's agent, which is not terminated with the termination of their agency.
D. As Andrea terminated the agency with Jack in violation of his rights, Jack has the direct authority to sell her paintings.
Answer:
A. Since Jack had apparent authority, Andrea is liable to honor his contract with Harold.
Explanation:
The Contract defines that when two or more persons bound for a purpose legally.
Contract = Agreement + enforceble
Here as per the given situation Andrea hired Jack as the sales representative for her portraits. She suspended the organisation with Jack though, in a month's time.
Harold, a client who had previously worked with Jack, was not informed of the closure. Harold contacted Jack to purchase a painting, and gave him a $5,000 check, the painting advance payment that Jack agreed would be shipped in two weeks.
As Jack later failed to reach Harold, Harold requested that Andrea uphold the deal, as Jack sold the picture as her agent
Andrea is liable to uphold his deal with Harold, as Jack had obvious authority.
Tasty Pasta in an American fast food restaurant chain with locations in 20 countries. When the company enters a new foreign market, it usually selects a combination of franchising and master subsidiaries. These master subsidiaries are joint ventures with local partners because of the advantages joint ventures bring to Tasty Pasta. Specifically, joint ventures are politically more acceptable and they:_________.A) Help realize location and experience curve economies
B) Avoid high transport costs
C) Ensure a steady stream of loyalty payments .
D) Tend to provide a higher control over technology.
E) Bring a degree of local knowledge to the subsidiary.
Answer: Bring a degree of local knowledge to the subsidiary.
Explanation:
Joint Venture is a form of business organization whereby two or more parties come together and use the skills and resources that they both have to achieve a common goal.
Based on the scenario in the question, Joint ventures are politically more acceptable and they also bring a degree of local knowledge to the subsidiary.
Several reasons were provided for why many professional sports teams are struggling to sell the naming rights to their venues. What is the central reason that teams like the Washington Nationals have not yet been able to find a naming rights partner
Answer:
Explanation:
The most likely reason for this situation is that many of the most prominent brands have already entered into naming rights deals and are no longer available as potential prospects. Prominent brands move fast in order to secure the best deals as fast as possible and make profitable financial moves, which in term closes and shrinks the market to very few potential prospects which may not have a reason to enter into a deal with such available teams.
Randy complained to his boss Maryann that he received the same bonus this quarter as everyone else,despite the longer hours he had worked and his higher level of experience,production and efficiency.If Maryann can't change the bonus,she should expect that Randy might respond in any of the following ways except _____.
A) ignoring his feeling of resentment and trying harder in next quarter
B) transferring
C) quitting
D) reducing his production
E) reducing his hours
Answer:
A) ignoring his feeling of resentment and trying harder in next quarter
Explanation:
It is common for employees who are frustrated for some reason to be able to use negative emotions to deal with the situation, such as reduced productivity, commitment and engagement at work.
Therefore, it is not expected that an employee will try harder in the next quarter after this situation.
But in an ideal scenario, the key would be for the employee to continue to strive and do his job in the best possible way, because in some situation there may be a reward, since a good manager knows his employees and is concerned with creating strategies that be able to recognize and reward your efforts.
The real exchange rate measures the: Group of answer choices number of foreign goods one unit of domestic currency can buy amount of foreign currency one can get for one unit of domestic currency value of foreign currency denominated in domestic prices relationship between foreign and domestic interest rate number of foreign goods required to purchase a single unit of a domestic good
Answer:
number of foreign goods required to purchase a single unit of a domestic good
Explanation:
The real exchange rate is the rate which says that the rate at which the goods and services that are produced in the domestic country would be exchanged with the foreign goods and services
It could find out by applying the following formula
The Real exchange rate is
= Nominal exchange rate × (Foreign price ÷ Domestic price)
Hene, the last option is correct
You are interested in buying a piece of land overlooking the sea. You find a place atop a 50m high sea cliff. The lot is only about 30m wide but is 200m long parallel to the coast, so you think you are getting a large expanse of the coastline. What would be the most important thing to look for in considering this purchase
Answer:
The stability of the sea cliff, rock type, etc.
Explanation:
The most significant thing which must be considered is the stability of the sea cliff, rock type, etc. because it is given in the question that the place is at a top of 50 m high sea cliff. Therefore, the cliff must be stable and strong. Moreover, this is 200 m long parallel to the coast so there will not be any difficulty in the view. Thus, only stability is the primary concern that must be considered.
A local electricity - generating company has a monopoly that is protected by an entry barrier that takes the form of:________. a. economies of scale. b. perfectly inelastic demand curve. c. control of a key raw material. d. network externalities.
Answer:
a. economies of scale.
Explanation:
Economics of scale refers to a scale in which there is a benefit of the cost that occurs when there is an efficient production
It can be accomplished by rising the production at less cost this arise as cost are allocated among the larger number of goods
Here, the local electricity who generated the company has a monopoly and are safe from the entry barrier
So this is a case of economies of scale
Hence, the correct option is a. economies of scale
Jack oversees two very different workers. Kenny wants to be told exactly what to do because he is hesitant to make decisions, and Laila wants to be told exactly what to do because she wants to get on with it. So, even though they are very different people, they both respect decisiveness. According to the path-goal theory of leadership, Jack should use the _____________ leadership style with Kenny and Laila.
Answer:
Directive.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Jack oversees two very different workers. Kenny wants to be told exactly what to do because he is hesitant to make decisions, and Laila wants to be told exactly what to do because she wants to get on with it. So, even though they are very different people, they both respect decisiveness. According to the path-goal theory of leadership, Jack should use the directive leadership style with Kenny and Laila.
Under a directive leadership style, leaders generally set a clearly defined objective, guidelines, roles or functions and rules for his or her subordinates (employees).
Hence, it is always considered or deemed necessary to guide employees to achieve organizational success in a directive leadership style.
A prospective buyer who is represented by a broker signs a contract to purchase a property serviced by a septic system. The seller's property disclosure statement indicated that the system had recently been professionally serviced. After closing on the property, the buyer informed the agent who had represented him that the septic system failed and needed to be replaced. He claimed that the agent should have advised him to have the system inspected as a condition to close. Would BRRETA support this claim on behalf of the buyer-client?
Answer:
The correct answer is "No".
Explanation:
BRRETA seems to be a customer safety state law that regulates the interaction involving real estate developers including brokerage customers in Georgia throughout designed to safeguard either brokers or customers from problems that might occur within the organization concerning the interaction between some of the entities.Underneath the law, only "natural" consideration needs to be exercised by the broker as well as the brokerage will also not be found accountable for recommending a customer to undertake a matter in which the client may fairly operate independently.In Lurnee, it takes 10 resources to produce 1 ton of cocoa and 13.5 resources to produce 1 ton of rice. In South Tyberg, it takes 40 resources to produce 1 ton of cocoa and 20 resources to produce 1 ton of rice. Lurnee has a comparative advantage over South Tyberg in cocoa. This follows the theory of comparative advantage, and we can say that engaging in free trade benefits all countries that participate in it; however, this conclusion stems from which of these inaccurate assumptions?
A. We have assumed that agrarian nations do not specialize in producing particular products.
B. We have assumed the prices of resources and exchange rates in the two countries are dynamic.
C. We have assumed diminishing returns to specialization.
D. We have assumed constant returns to scale.
E. We have assumed there are barriers to the movement of resources from the production of one good to another within the same country.
Answer: We have assumed constant returns to scale.
Explanation:
Comparative advantage simply stated that an economy should produce the goods whereby the said economy has a lower opportunity cost than its counterpart.
Based on the analysis in the question, the inaccurate assumption is that we have assumed constant returns to scale. This means that an increase in the inputs such as capital and labour which are used in producction will also cause an identical increase in output. In reality, this isn't always true.