Complete question:
1. You found a new species of garden pea and have decided to repeat Mendel’s experiments. You have obtained two true-breeding pea plants that are tall (T) with yellow pods (g), and short (t) with green pods (G), respectively. Capital letters indicate dominant traits.
a. What is the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation? (2p)
b. You allowed self-fertilization in F1 generation and obtained F2 generation. Using Punnett square to obtain the phenotypes, genotypes and their respective ratios. (4p)
2. If you obtained 1248 offspring in the F2 generation in Question 1, calculate how many offspring of each phenotypic class you would expect to have. (4p)
3. When you finish questions 1 and 2, under what assumption/hypothesis did you perform your analysis/calculation? Is there an alternative assumption/hypothesis, which may result in a different conclusion? If yes, what is the alternative assumption/hypothesis and what kind of offspring and in what numbers do you expect to obtain? (4p)
4. You only need to answer A or B to get this 6p. Please indicate which question you are answering. In your experiment, you found the following offspring only: Tall green: 626 offspring. Tall yellow: 313 offspring. Short green: 309 offspring.
A: If you stay with your original hypothesis/assumption, test it using chi2 test and analyze the result (whether you want to reject the hypothesis and why).
B: If you believe that the alternative hypothesis fits better with your data, test it using chi2 test and analyze the result (whether you want to accept the hypothesis and why).
Answer:
1) a. 100% of the progeny will be dihybrid, TtGg, exhibiting the phenotype
Tall plants with green pods.
b. F2 Gentotype:
1/16 TTGG2/16 TTGg1/16 TTgg2/16 TtGG4/16 TtGg2/16 Ttgg1/16 ttGG2/16 ttGg1/6 ttggF2 Phenotype:
9/16 Tall plants with green pods (T-G-)3/16 Tall plants with yellow pods (T-gg)3/16 Short plants with green pods (ttG-)1/16 Short plants with yellow pods (ttgg)Phenotypic ratio → 9:3:3:1
2) T-G- → 702 individuals
T-gg → 234 individuals
ttG- → 234 individuals
ttgg → 78 individuals
3)
Null Hypothesis: The population is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The alleles of this population assort independently.Alternative Hypothesis: The population is not in equilibrium. Alleles do not assort independently.4) a. There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis, meaning that the difference between the observed number of individuals and the expected ones is statistically significant. The population is not under equilibrium H-W. Alleles do not assort independently.
Explanation:
1) 1st Cross: True-breeding tall (T) with yellow pods (g) pea plant with a short (t) with green pods (G) plant
Tall and Green pods are the dominant traits,Short and yellow pods are recessive traits.Parentals) TTgg x ttGG
Gametes) Tg, Tg, Tg, Tg tG, tG, tG, tG
F1) 100% of the progeny will be dihybrid, TtGg, exhibiting the phenotype
Tall plants with green pods.
2nd Cross: F1 self-fertilization
Parentals) TtGg x TtGg
Gametes) TG, Tg, tG, tg
TG, Tg, tG, tg
Punnett square) TG Tg tG tg
TG TTGG TTGg TtGG TtGg
Tg TTGg TTgg TtGg Ttgg
tG TtGG TtGg ttGG ttGg
tg TtGg Ttgg ttGg ttgg
F2) Gentotype:
1/16 TTGG2/16 TTGg1/16 TTgg2/16 TtGG4/16 TtGg2/16 Ttgg1/16 ttGG2/16 ttGg1/6 ttggPhenotype:
9/16 Tall plants with green pods (T-G-)3/16 Tall plants with yellow pods (T-gg)3/16 Short plants with green pods (ttG-)1/16 Short plants with yellow pods (ttgg)Phenotypic ratio → 9:3:3:1
2) The total number of individuals in the F2 is 1248.
16 ----------------- 1248 individuals --------------- 100% of the progeny
9 T-G- ----------- X = 702 individuals-------------X = 56.25%
3 T-gg ----------- X = 234 individuals ----------- X = 18.75%
3 ttG- ------------- X = 234 individuals ---------- X = 18.75%
1 ttgg ------------- X = 78 individuals ------------ X = 6.25%
3)
Hypothesis: The population is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The alleles of this population assort independently.Alternative Hypothesis: The population is not in equilibrium. Alleles do not assort independently4) F2 composed of:
Tall green: 626 offspring. Tall yellow: 313 offspring. Short green: 309 offspring.Tall/Green Tall/Yellow Short/Green Short/Yellow
Observed 626 313 309 0
Expected 702 234 234 78
(Obs-Exp)²/Exp 8.23 26.7 24 78
X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = 8.23 + 23.7 + 24 + 78 = 136.93 ≅ 137
Freedom degrees = genotypes - number of alleles = 9 - 4 = 5
Significance level, 5% = 0.05
Table value/ Critical value = 11.07
X² = 137
X² > Critica value
137 > 11.07
There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis, meaning that the difference between the observed number of individuals and the expected ones is statistically significant. The population is not under equilibrium H-W. Alleles do not assort independently.
Identify the true statements regarding liver glycogen phosphorylase a. Protein phosphatase 1 is abbreviated PP1. The binding of glucose to liver phosphorylase a shifts the equilibrium from the active form to the inactive form. Liver phosphorylase a concentration decreases when glucose enters the blood. As the concentration of phosphorylase a decreases, the activity of glycogen synthase increases. Liver phosphorylase a is regulated by AMP, adenosine monophosphate. When PP1 is bound to phosphorylase a, both PP1 and phosphorylase a are active.
Answer:
Liver phosphorylase a concentration decreases when glucose enters the blood.
The binding of glucose to liver phosphorylase a shifts the equilibrium from the active form
As the concentration of phosphorylase a decreases, the activity of glycogen synthase increases. to the inactive form
Explanation:
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a phosphatase enzyme known to remove phosphate groups from serine/threonine amino acid residues. PP1 plays diverse biological roles including, among others, cell progression, control of glucose metabolism, muscle contraction, etc. In glucose metabolism, PP1 regulates diverse glycogen metabolizing enzymes (e.g., glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, etc). In the liver, glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogenolysis by releasing glucose-1-phosphate. Glycogen phosphorylase a is converted (and inactivated) into the b form by PP1, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphate bond between serine and the phosphoryl group. In the liver, glucose binds in order to inhibit glycogen phosphorylase a, thereby inducing the dissociation and activation of PP1 from glycogen phosphorylase a.
why the cycle play an important role in the environment
Why may an asthmatic patient produce a wheezing sound and difficulty in breathing
Answer:
Wheezing happens when the airways are tightened, blocked, or inflamed, making a person's breathing sound like whistling or squeaking. Common causes include a cold, asthma, allergies, or more serious conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Explanation:
What cell parts are common to all of these cells?
Use complete sentences.
Chlamydomonas
Spirogyra
Elodea
Squamous Epithelium
Answer: All cells share four common components: (1) a plasma membrane, an outer covering that separates the cell's interior from its surrounding environment; (2) cytoplasm, consisting of a jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular components are found; (3) DNA, the genetic material of the cell; and (4). The cells of most Chlamydomonas species are more or less oval and feature a noncellulosic membrane (theca), a stigma (eyespot), and a usually cup-shaped chloroplast. Although photosynthesis occurs, nutrients also may be absorbed through the cell surface. Asexual reproduction is by zoospores. The filamentous masses come to the surface and become visible as slimy green mats. Spirogyra has a cell wall, nucleus, pyrenoid and spiral chloroplasts. This Elodea leaf cell exemplifies a typical plant cell. It has a nucleus, and a stiff cell wall which gives the cell its box-like shape. The numerous green chloroplasts allow the cell to make its own food (by photosynthesis). The central vacuole takes up most of the volume of the cell. Squamous cells tend to have horizontally flattened, nearly oval-shaped nuclei because of the thin, flattened form of the cell. Squamous epithelium is found lining surfaces such as skin or alveoli in the lung, enabling simple passive diffusion as also found in the alveolar epithelium in the lungs. brainliest?
Explanation:
Please help, its about Earth's oceans.
Answer:
The Correct awnser is D
Explanation:
Earth has 75% of our space is made up of water and most of it comes from our ocean.
BRAINLIEST PLEASEMitosis is the division of the _____ and begins with a stage called ____ . As the nuclear envelope finishes dissolving, the cells enter ____, where microtubules from the spindle attach to the duplicated X-shaped chromosomes.
When all chromosomes are fully attached to the spindle, they align at the midplate between poles. This marks the middle of mitosis, which is ____ . As sister chromatids separate, cells enter ____ and they finish separating and a nucleus reforms around each set of new chromosomes in ____ . During this phase, cytokinesis also becomes visible as the cells themselves begin to divide.
Answer:
cell; prophase. prometaphasemetaphase. anaphase, telophase.Explanation:
Mitosis is the division of the cell and begins with a stage called prophase. As the nuclear envelope finishes dissolving, the cells enter prometaphase, where microtubules from the spindle attach to the duplicated X-shaped chromosomes.
When all chromosomes are fully attached to the spindle, they align at the midplate between poles. This marks the middle of mitosis, which is metaphase. As sister chromatids separate, cells enter anaphase and they finish separating, and a nucleus reforms around each set of new chromosomes in telophase. During this phase, cytokinesis also becomes visible as the cells themselves begin to divide.
8. Which statement correctly describes one way ocean currents affect a region?
Deep ocean currents push into estuaries, creating sand deposits that form barrier
islands.
Cold ocean currents along the equator increase evaporation rates, creating circular
winds that produce tropical storms.
Warm ocean currents keep coastal air temperatures warm, creating moderate
climate conditions in coastal regions.
D. Deep ocean currents move water from polar seas toward the equator, creating drafts
of cold air that blow over polar regions.
O more
Answer:
sorry i don't know
Explanation:
Which statement correctly describes one way ocean currents affect a region?
Deep ocean currents push into estuaries, creating sand deposits that form barrier
islands.
Cold ocean currents along the equator increase evaporation rates, creating circular
winds that produce tropical storms.
Warm ocean currents keep coastal air temperatures warm, creating moderate
climate conditions in coastal regions.
D. Deep ocean currents move water from polar seas toward the equator, creating drafts
of cold air that blow over polar regions.
O more
Which of the following fresh water biomes consists of moving water
Answer:
Biomes consists of moving water is estuaries.
Both Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Jones had babies the same day in the same hospital. Mrs. Smith took home a baby girl named Shirley. Mrs. Jones took home a baby girl named Jane. Mrs. Jones began to suspect, however, that her baby had been accidently been switched with the Smith baby in the nursery. Blood tests were made. Mr. Smith was blood type A, Mrs. Smith was type B, Mr. Jones was type A, Mrs. Jones was type A. Shirley was type O, and Jane was type B. Had a mix-up occurred? SHOW WORK!
Answer:
yes a mixup had occured because two A blood types would result in a baby with the same blood unle mr.jones wasnt the father
Explanation:
Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is found in the nucleus; RNA is never found in the nucleus.
DNA consists of five different nucleotides; RNA consists of four different nucleotides.
RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded.
DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil.
In DNA, adenine pairs with guanine; in RNA, adenine pairs with thymine.
Like DNA, RNA is made up of nucleotides. There are two differences that distinguish DNA from RNA: (a) RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.
what is an example of a transform boundary? I WILL GIVE YOU THE BRAINLIEST!!!!
Pls answer fast!!!! Timed!!!
Which of these descriptions best contrasts safety knowledge for cows and horses?
A. Horses have a definite flight zone, whereas cows do not
B. Cows will startle at sudden movement or noise, but horses do not.
C. Cows have a definite flight zone, whereas horses do not.
D. Cows have 360-degree vision, but horses do not
Answer:
Cows have a definite flight zone, whereas horses do not. So the answer is C.
What happens if the mass of the elements is greater compared to smaller ?
Hello. More information is needed to answer your question accurately. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way
If you are referring to what happens if the mass of an atom is greater compared to an atomic number, we can say that there is nothing too much, since it is normal for the atoms to have a mass slightly greater than the atomic number. The mass of an atom can never be less than the number of protons added to the number of neutrons. An atom with greater mass has a greater number of electrons and neutrons in relation to an atom of less mass and it is likely that the atom of less mass will donate or share electron with the atom of greater mass so that both reach the electric balance.
Identify the name of each of the pathways [A, B, C]
Answer:
C [Krebs cycle]
B [glycolysis]
A flounder lies motionless on the sandy bottom of the ocean floor. It blends in so well with its environment that predators cannot see it. How does this help the flounder?
Question 1 options:
It helps the flounder reproduce.
It helps the flounder find food.
It helps the flounder defend itself.
It helps the founder move from one place to another.
Question 2 (1 point)
Which of the following is an example of mimicry?
Question 2 options:
A newborn fawn hides among tall grasses near the forest’s edge.
Gelada baboons live in a large troop on a high cliff in Ethiopia.
A spitting cobra spits venom at a predator that come near.
A viceroy butterfly has the same markings as a bad-tasting monarch butterfly.
Question 3 (1 point)
Saving...
When a group of small fish gathers themselves together, as in the image below, possibly giving the appearance of a larger animal, which defensive technique is being used?
Question 3 options:
Mimicry
Ejection
Grouping
Camouflage
Question 4 (1 point)
Which of the following statements best describes what will most likely occur to the moth populations in the image below?
Question 4 options:
The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of dark moths will rise.
The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of light moths will rise.
The dark moths will be captured by predators more easily than the light moths, and the dark moths will probably go extinct.
The light moths will change their wing color to match that of the dark moths.
Question 5 (1 point)
What is the most likely explanation of the data shown below?
data table
Question 5 options:
There has been a drought in the area that is affecting all life forms.
The population of natural predators of the moths has gotten smaller.
The moths are living in an environment with light trees.
The moths are living in an environment with dark trees.
Question 6 (1 point)
Suppose a certain species of insect lives in the lush green canopy of the rain forest. Some of the insects are bright green in color, and some are bright yellow. Assume there is a natural predator of the insect in the area. What do you expect to happen to the populations of the green and the yellow insects over time?
Question 6 options:
The green insect population will increase and the yellow insect population will decrease.
The green insect population will decrease and the yellow insect population will increase.
Both insect populations will remain constant over time.
Both insect populations will increase over time.
Question 7 (1 point)
Which of these examples describes a structure penguins use for movement?
Question 7 options:
A penguin stands with a group of other penguins when a predator approaches.
A penguin holds an egg under its feathers to keep it warm
A penguin uses sleek, smooth belly feathers to slide on ice
A penguin holds a squid in its bill.
When grading the question, it w
Question 8 (1 point)
Moles live underground and have several adaptations to this environment. For what purpose are their oversized paws and claws most useful?
Question 8 options:
Fighting off predators
Gathering food
Digging holes and tunnels for food
Mating
PLEASE HELP
Answer:
The first one is It helps the founder defend itself
The second one is A viceroy butterfly has the same markings as a bad-tasting monarch butter fly
The third one is Mimicry if im wrong do grouping
The fourth one is The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of the dark moths will rise
The fifth one is TBH i cant answer it i dont see the table
The sixth one is The green insect population will increase and the yellow insect population will decrease
The seventh one is A penguin uses sleek, smooth belly feathers to slide on ice
The eight one is Digging holes and tunnels for food
Explanation:
I answered these on the most logical reasons. I did not search these up anyways if im wrong tell me the ones that were wrong.
according to darwin’s on the origin of species, what four factors
Answer:
(1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.
Explanation:
_____% of species present during the Permian survived into the Triassic.
Answer: 30
Explanation:
What is the difference between Gene Pool, Genetic Drift and Gene Flow?
Answer:
Genetic drift is referred to the changes in allele frequency in a gene pool. Gene flow is the process of alleles moving from one population to another.
Explanation:
HELP! what is the alignment of the earth,moon and sun during a solar eclipse?
Answer:
they are all lined up.
Explanation:
the moon blocks the sun which is in front of the earth
Answer: i hope this is what you were asking, the moon, earth, and sun line up on a striaght line with the moon blocking the sun
1. Explain where most of your food originally came from and how your cells obtain and use that food.
Answer:
the food that we eat are used up by the cells to perform different activities such as metabolism.
what is a good blood pressure?
Answer: A normal blood pressure level is less then 120/80mmHg
Explanation:
protest bushes,palm trees and maize plants are all flowering plants ?
Answer:
The great centres of palm distribution are in America and in Asia from India to Japan and south to Australia and the islands of the Pacific and Indian oceans, with Africa and Madagascar as a third but much less important palm region.
plzzz helpppppppppppppp
PLSZ HELP ME EITB THIS
Answer:
I don't understand the question you sent me
as wind movsces over ocean water it produces both currents and _____________ that erode the coastline
Answer:
as wind movsces over ocean water it produces both currents and _____________ that erode the coastline
Explanation:
sorry
Human caused reductions of biodiversity, include pollution, invasive species, and overexploitation.
O True
O False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Development, together with globalization, drove severe changes at a global level. The natural and original environments suffered from these effects and still are.
Human beings have constantly been altering the natural ecosystems and causing irreparable damages to nature. For many decades, development involved society and technology advance over new areas unpopulated by humans.
Some of the principal human activities responsible for biodiversity loss are
the uncontrolled use of unrenewable resources, overexploitation of renewable resources; land destruction for the mining industry, farming and cattle industry, buildings, and other infrastructures; the unplanned advance of cities, and opening of new roads to connect those cities.All of them involving
deforestation and fragmentation of natural landscapes; water, air, and soil pollution, species loss, and reduction of biodiversity.With globalization, transport around the world became normal. And when traveling around the world, new species are intentionally or unintentionally transported too. When these species, of animal or vegetable origin, get established in a new area, they overgrow to the point of turning invasive.
Invasive species are uncontrollable and cause severe damage in native endemic species by competing for resources. The whole ecosystem structure changes.
But there are some background glitches in the system that are the principal responsible for all the mentioned activities. Some important aspects are lacking
The respect for nature, People´s education at different levels to care and protect wildlife, Interest in keeping ancestral knowledge, Planning and previous environmental impact studies, Policies to control human activities, Caring involved government.If, as a society, we lack these aspects, the possibilities of changing our impact on nature are far away.
# 14 please!!!! will give brainliest
Answer:
Within the bone marrow, all blood cells originate from a single type of unspecialized cell called a stem cell. When a stem cell divides, it first becomes an immature red blood cell, white blood cell, or platelet-producing cell.
Explanation:
I am not sure if this helps you....
Which characteristic is representative of an advanced animal?
A body symmetry that is asymmetrical
B body symmetry that is radial
C body symmetry that is bilateral
D one germ layer
Answer:
your answer would be c
Explanation:
any advanced animals will be bilateral, for example: all insects and mammals ad birds are bilateral, so even if the organism was any of the three, it would be bilateral
What is the name of the bond that is created when two amino acids
Answer: peptide bonds
Explanation: I think that's the answer.
In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant over white flowers (P). If two heterozygous purple flowered plants are
crossed with each other, then what are the possible genotypes of the offspring?
0
Answer is pp only
Answer :the answer is D
Explanation:
