Inventors often obtain patents on new products and processes, thereby turning new ideas into private goods and increasing the incentive to engage in research.
The correct answer is A.
A patent gives an individual or business the exclusive legal right to use, make, and sell a new invention for a set period of time. This allows inventors to recoup their investment in research and development and to profit from their creations. Without patents, inventors would have no way to prevent others from copying their ideas, and there would be little incentive to invest in research. Patents have a crucial impact on research and development (R&D) investment, as well as the allocation of intellectual property (IP) rights. Patent holders' legal rights enable them to recoup investments in R&D and generate profits, as well as foster innovation. Patents provide inventors with an exclusive right to use, produce, and sell a new invention for a set period of time.
This prevents others from stealing or reproducing the invention, providing the creator with exclusive economic benefits for a period of time. With the assurance that their intellectual property rights are protected, inventors are more willing to invest time, money, and other resources in research and development, leading to more innovation and greater economic growth.
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Go through the following case study and answer the question below: Coca Cola traced it's history back to 1886 and Pepsi in 1898. By the time Pepsi came along, the rival was already selling more than a million gallons of its product per year. Coca-Cola also had its first celebrity endorsement. During the early years, Coke had the edge over Pepsi in advertising thanks to a series of memorable and impactful ads. However, Pepsi soon countered Coca-Cola’s successful ad campaigns of the 1930’s and 40’s with the debut of the advertising jingle. Coca Cola was quick to take the advantage of the emerging power of television in the 1950’s. On Thanks giving day, 1950, the company broadcast a half hour commercial on CBS. The company also debuted its radio friendly ditty, called "Coke Time," in 1953. Meanwhile, Pepsi’s President at the time decided to shift the company’s advertising strategy. His wife, actress Joan Crawford, suggested making Pepsi more of a lifestyle brand rather than one that emphasized value. Another important aspect of the Coke VS Pepsi marketing battle is the product choices each company has offered over the years. Coincidentally both the companies took steps to present more options other than Cola to customers starting in the 1960’s. Coke’s big move was the purchase of the Minute Maid corporation in 1960. Sprite, the company’s most successful spin-off product, was launched in 1961. Pepsi later acquired the distribution rights for 7-Up. The battle is still continuing. However, in recent years, Coca-Cola went down.
QA. Coca-Cola wants to apply new marketing strategies to increase its presence in the market. Coca-Cola decided to launch a new advertising campaign, But before that, it conducted market research to understand whether there is any relationship between advertisement and sales. Based on the above research problem, identify the statistical method which needs to be used for analysis. Explain the method in brief.
QB. After determining that there exists a relationship between advertising cost and sales, the marketing head asked his team to predict the future sales value based on the historical sales and advertising data. Identify the statistical test that can be used by the marketing team to get the results. Explain the test in brief.
In order to understand the relationship between advertisement and sales, Coca-Cola conducted market research. To analyze the data collected, a statistical method needs to be applied. Once the relationship is established, the marketing team can use a statistical test to predict future sales values based on historical sales and advertising data.
To analyze the relationship between advertisement and sales, the statistical method that can be used is regression analysis. Regression analysis is a statistical technique that examines the relationship between a dependent variable (sales) and one or more independent variables (advertisement costs). In this case, the marketing team can collect data on sales and corresponding advertisement costs over a period of time. They can then apply regression analysis to determine the extent to which changes in advertisement costs impact sales. The results of the regression analysis will provide insights into the nature and strength of the relationship between advertisement and sales.
Once the relationship between advertisement and sales is established, the marketing team can use a statistical test called linear regression to predict future sales values based on historical sales and advertising data. Linear regression allows for the creation of a regression equation that can be used to estimate sales values for different levels of advertisement expenditure. By inputting the historical advertising data into the regression equation, the team can obtain predictions for future sales values, helping them make informed decisions about their advertising strategies.
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Uber - Riding the Gig Economy 1. Apply the five steps of the Planning Process to Uber's development of it's app-driven online cab service. 2. Outline the Strategic, Tactical and Functional plans Uber has concerning its new self-driving car program. Show at least one plus and one minus within each of the plans. 3. Plans rarely absolutely go to plan! It is impossible as variables in the environment keep changing and impact the company in different ways. What planning tools might Uber use to deal with some of the unexpected issues Uber has faced with its online cab business model. 4. How might Uber use Management by Objectives to work with municipalities and provinces to create the infrastructure and legislation needed to achieve its self-driving car goals?
Applying the five steps of the Planning Process to Uber's development of its app-driven online cab service involved establishing objectives, such as creating a convenient ride-hailing service.
They developed premises, recognizing the potential demand and technological advancements. Uber generated alternative courses of action, exploring driver recruitment and pricing models. They evaluated alternatives, considering market size and regulatory challenges. Finally, they selected the best alternative and implemented it by launching their app-based service.
Uber's strategic plan for self-driving cars involves disruption and increased safety, but potential job losses and regulatory challenges are drawbacks. Their tactical plan includes testing, partnerships, and pilot programs, with benefits of innovation and concerns of public skepticism. The functional plan focuses on hiring skilled personnel and building infrastructure, with advantages of attracting talent and challenges of high costs.
Planning tools Uber could employ to address unexpected issues include scenario planning to anticipate disruptions, contingency planning to mitigate impacts, and risk management to identify and manage risks and uncertainties.
Using Management by Objectives, Uber can work with municipalities and provinces by setting clear objectives, establishing performance metrics, fostering communication, and adapting objectives as needed to achieve self-driving car goals. This approach facilitates collaboration and alignment with government entities.
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Sunscreen and beach towels are complementary goods. If the price of sunscreen increases, ceteris paribus, _____.(1 point)
1. the income of consumers will decrease the income of consumers will decrease
2. the quantity demanded of beach towels will increase for every possible price
3. the quantity demanded of beach towels will decrease for every possible price(I think it is this one)
4.the income of consumers will increase
Sunscreen and beach towels are complementary goods. If the price of sunscreen increases, ceteris paribus, the quantity demanded of beach towels will decrease for every possible price.
Complementary goods are products or services that people use together. For example, automobiles and gasoline, as well as hot dogs and buns, are complementary goods. When two or more goods are complementary, an increase or decrease in the price of one will result in an opposite movement in the demand for the other good.
Given that sunscreen and beach towels are complementary goods. Thus, if the price of sunscreen increases, the quantity demanded of beach towels will decrease for every possible price. The key here is that the increase in the price of sunscreen, with all other things constant, causes the quantity demanded of beach towels to fall. This is because the two goods are complementary; sunscreen is usually used with beach towels.The price of sunscreen has a direct effect on the demand for beach towels, but not the other way around. This is why option 3, which states that the quantity demanded of beach towels will decrease for every possible price, is the correct answer. The demand curve for beach towels shifts to the left, indicating that people demand less of it at every possible price as a result of the increase in sunscreen prices.
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Gus was recently laid off, and he is struggling to pay his bills and make ends meet. Gus is meeting with a staffing agency later in the week. As he prepares for the meeting, what should Gus say about his former company? Multiple Choice "I was able to learn from this experience. I now know what not to do in my next job." "I am so glad that job is over. I am surprised they were able to stay in business that long." "Whatever my next job is, please make it with a manager who cares about his employees and not just the bottom line." "My time there was time wasted. They kept us so isolated that we never even met the clients."
Out of the provided options, the most appropriate statement for Gus to say about his former company as he meets with the staffing agency would be "I was able to learn from this experience. I now know what not to do in my next job." The correct answer is option a.
This statement demonstrates a positive and reflective attitude on Gus's part. It indicates that he has taken lessons from his previous job and is using them to inform his future choices. It shows a willingness to grow and improve based on past experiences
. By emphasizing the learning aspect, Gus presents himself as someone who can adapt and make better decisions in his next job, which can be seen as a positive quality by the staffing agency.
The correct answer is option a.
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Complete question
Gus was recently laid off, and he is struggling to pay his bills and make ends meet. Gus is meeting with a staffing agency later in the week. As he prepares for the meeting, what should Gus say about his former company? Multiple Choice
a. "I was able to learn from this experience. I now know what not to do in my next job."
b. "I am so glad that job is over. I am surprised they were able to stay in business that long."
c. "Whatever my next job is, please make it with a manager who cares about his employees and not just the bottom line."
d. "My time there was time wasted. They kept us so isolated that we never even met the clients."
Many companies have switched from absorption costing to variable costing for internal reporting: Select one: a. to comply with external reporting requirements as required by GAAP b. to increase bonuses for managers c. so the denominator level is more accurate d. to reduce the undesirable incentive to build up inventories that would show higher operating income
Many companies have switched from absorption costing to variable costing for internal reporting to reduce the undesirable incentive to build up inventories that would show higher operating income.
The decision to switch from absorption costing to variable costing for internal reporting is often driven by the desire to eliminate the impact of fixed manufacturing overhead costs on inventory valuation. Under absorption costing, fixed manufacturing overhead costs are allocated to units produced and included in the cost of inventory. This means that as inventory levels increase, more fixed overhead costs are allocated and reported as part of the cost of goods sold.
By using variable costing, fixed manufacturing overhead costs are treated as period costs and are not allocated to units produced. This eliminates the incentive for managers to build up inventories to reduce reported operating income. Instead, variable costing focuses on the direct costs incurred to produce units, such as direct materials and direct labor.
The switch to variable costing provides a more accurate representation of the costs incurred by the company for internal reporting purposes. It helps align the reported costs with the actual costs incurred to produce the goods and allows for better analysis and decision-making based on the true cost structure of the company.
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Rianna is 60 years old. She purchased a deferred annuity for $40,000. The annuity will begin paying her $400 per month at age 65 for the rest of her life. At age 65 her expected return multiple is 20. In the year that she is 67 years old, how much of the annuity will be taxable? Select one: a. $0. b. $2,000. c. $2,800. d. $4,000.
Rianna purchased a deferred annuity for $40,000. The annuity will begin paying her $400 per month at age 65 for the rest of her life. At age 65 her expected return multiple is 20. In the year that she is 67 years old, how much of the annuity will be taxable.
GivenRianna is 60 years old.Purchased a deferred annuity for $40,000.Annuity will begin paying her $400 per month at age 65Expected return multiple is 20 at age 65To find: How much of the annuity will be taxable?SolutionThe amount of the annuity would be $400 per month, so over a year, she would receive:$400 * 12 = $4,800.Rianna is 67 years old, which is two years since the annuity started. Therefore, two years would have been paid out to Rianna before the start of the tax year.
She would have received:$400 * 24 = $9,600.In the year that Rianna is 67 years old, she would receive $4,800, but $9,600 would have already been received from the deferred annuity. Therefore, the taxable amount for the year when Rianna is 67 years old would be:$4,800 - $9,600/20 = $0. Thus, the answer is a. $0.
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analyze (manduka yoga mats marketing in canada )through the five dimensions of core societal values: Power distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty avoidance, Long-term orientation. This analysis should make clear the reason why some products are successful in some cultures and not in others
Manduka is a leading yoga mat company that operates in Canada. When analyzing the marketing of Manduka yoga mats in Canada through the five dimensions of core societal values, we can see why some products succeed in certain cultures while others do not.
The five dimensions of core societal values are Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Long-Term Orientation. Here's how these dimensions apply to Manduka yoga mats in Canada:
1. Power Distance
In Canada, there is a low power distance, which means that the power is equally distributed between people. The company, Manduka, understands this and advertises its mats in a way that appeals to people's desire for individuality.
2. Individualism
Canada is known for its individualism. People prefer to have a unique identity, which Manduka caters to by offering a variety of mat designs and colors.
3. Masculinity
Canada has a moderate degree of masculinity. Manduka markets its mats as durable and strong, which appeals to the country's masculine culture.
4. Uncertainty Avoidance
Canada has a low level of uncertainty avoidance. Manduka provides a lifetime guarantee on their yoga mats, which gives consumers confidence in their purchase.
5. Long-Term Orientation
Canada has a long-term orientation. Manduka understands this and offers a lifetime guarantee on their mats, which appeals to the country's culture of sustainability and durability.In conclusion, Manduka yoga mats are successful in Canada because they cater to the country's societal values.
They offer durable and strong mats that come with a lifetime guarantee. They also offer a variety of designs and colors that appeal to Canada's individualistic culture.
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Regarding the 4 risk response strategies – Avoidance, Mitigation, Transference, Acceptance,
a. Which strategy should not be applied for high-ranking risks, and why? (2 marks)
b. Which strategy may not be applied if the root causes are not known, and why? (2 marks)
c. Suppose ‘inexperienced project manager’ is a risk in a particular project. To cater to this risk, one possible action is to replace the project manager with a more experienced person. Briefly explain which risk response strategy you are applying? (3 marks)
d. Suppose replacing the project manager is not possible, describe another action plan based on a different risk response strategy to the one in (c). (3 marks)
The strategy that should not be applied for high-ranking risks is avoidance. The strategy that may not be applied if the root causes are not known is mitigation. The risk response strategy that is being applied is Transference. Another action plan that could be applied is Acceptance.
a. The strategy that should not be applied for high-ranking risks is avoidance. Because it is not possible to completely avoid or eliminate high-ranking risks, it is better to focus on managing and mitigating them.
b. The strategy that may not be applied if the root causes are not known is mitigation. This is because mitigation requires identifying the root causes of the risk and developing a plan to reduce its impact or probability. Without knowledge of the root causes, mitigation may not be effective.
c. If ‘inexperienced project manager’ is a risk in a particular project, and to cater to this risk, one possible action is to replace the project manager with a more experienced person, the risk response strategy that is being applied is Transference. In this case, the risk is being transferred to a third party or outside entity (i.e., the new project manager).
d. Suppose replacing the project manager is not possible. In that case, another action plan based on a different risk response strategy that could be applied is Acceptance. The project manager can accept the risk and work to minimize its impact by implementing contingency plans or backup procedures to reduce the consequences if the risk does occur.
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Based on past experience, a bank believes that 12% of the people who receive loans will not make payments on time. The bank has recently approved 500 loans. Answer the following questions. a) What are the mean and standard deviation of the proportion of clients in this group who may not make timely payments? + (O) = 0.12 SD (P) = 0.015 (Round to three decimal places as needed.) b) What assumptions underlie your model? Are the conditions met? A. With reasonable assumptions about the sample, all the conditions are met. OB. The 10% condition is not met. O C. The randomization and success/failure conditions are not met. OD. The success/failure condition is not met. O E. The randomization condition is not met. Based on past experience, a bank believes that 12% of the people who receive loans will not make payments on time. The bank has recently approved 500 loans. Answer the following questions. Tuo Turuvimicurvu unu vuvvvvurunur vonUILIVIT un Tum OD. The success/failure condition is not met. O E. The randomization condition is not met. OF. The randomization and 10% conditions are not met. O G. The 10% and success/failure conditions are not met. O H. Without unreasonable assumptions, none of the conditions are met. c) What is the probability that over 13% of these clients will not make timely payments? plô>0.13) =((Round to three decimal places as needed.)
a) Which is 0.12. The standard deviation of the proportion can be calculated using the formula: SD(P) = sqrt(p * (1 - p) / n), We get SD(P) = sqrt(0.12 * (1 - 0.12) / 500) ≈ 0.015 .
b) We do not have information about randomization or the 10% condition. Therefore, option D is the most appropriate answer: "The success/failure condition is not met."
c) To calculate the probability that over 13% of clients will not make timely payments, we need to use the normal distribution approximation. We can use the z-score formula: z = (x - μ) / σ,
z = (0.13 - 0.12) / 0.015 ≈ 6.67.
The probability can be obtained by finding the area under the normal curve to the right of the z-score, which is essentially 1 minus the cumulative probability.
Probability is a measure of the likelihood or chance of an event occurring. It quantifies the degree of uncertainty associated with an outcome. Probability values range from 0 to 1, where 0 represents an impossible event and 1 represents a certain event. Probability allows us to make informed predictions and decisions based on the likelihood of different outcomes in a given situation.
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If variable costs increase by 5% without a corresponding increase in selling price, the number of units needed to breakeven will A) remain the same B) increase C) decreasé D) cannot be determined
The correct answer is B) increase. If variable costs increase by 5% without a corresponding increase in the selling price, it means that the cost per unit of producing the product has increased.
To breakeven, the revenue generated from selling the product must cover both fixed costs and variable costs. With an increase in variable costs, more units need to be sold to generate enough revenue to cover the higher costs.
Therefore, the number of units needed to breakeven will increase.
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Which of the following standards is required by the Fair Labor Standards Act?
A. Paying a minimum wage
B. Notifying employees of a plant closing
C. Verifying employment eligibility
D. Avoiding discrimination
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) requires the payment of a minimum wage. So, the correct answer is A.
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) mandates that employers must pay employees a minimum wage. This means that employers must compensate their workers at least the federal minimum wage (or the state minimum wage if it is higher) for each hour worked. The minimum wage is established to ensure that workers receive fair compensation for their labor and to protect them from exploitation or unfair wages.
The FLSA does address other important labor standards as well, but they are not the options listed. For example, the FLSA sets guidelines for overtime pay, child labor restrictions, record-keeping requirements, and regulations on working hours. However, among the given options, the requirement of paying a minimum wage is specifically mandated by the Fair Labor Standards Act.
While notifying employees of a plant closing, verifying employment eligibility, and avoiding discrimination are also important considerations for employers, they are not specifically mandated by the Fair Labor Standards Act. These standards may be addressed by other laws or regulations, such as the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act, immigration laws, or anti-discrimination laws.
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.Carlos Cavalas, the manager of Echo Products' Brazilian Division, is trying to set the production schedule for the last quarter of the year. The Brazilian Division had planned to sell 69,960 units during the year, but by September 30 only the following activity had been reported.
Units
Inventory, January 1 0
Production 2,000
Sales 2,000
Inventory, September 30 400
The division can rent warehouse space to store up to 1,000 units. The minimum inventory level that the division should carry is 50 units. Mr. Cavalas is aware that production must be at least 200 units per quarter in order to retain a nucleus of key employees. Maximum production capacity is 1,500 units per quarter. Demand has been soft, and the sales forecast for the last quarter is only 600 units. Due to the nature of the division's operations, fixed manufacturing overhead is a major element of product cost.
Assume that the division is using variable costing. How many units should be scheduled for production during the last quarter of the year? (The basic formula for computing the required production for a period in a company is Expected sales + Desired ending inventory - Beginning inventory = Required production.) Show computations and explain your answer. Will the number of units scheduled for production affect the division's reported income or loss for the year? Explain.
Assume that the division is using absorption costing and that the divisional manager is given an annual bonus based on divisional operating income. If Mr. Cavalas wants to maximize his division's operating income for the year, how many units should be scheduled for production during the last quarter? (See the formula in 1 above.) Explain.
Identify the ethical issues involved in the decision Mr. Cavalas must make about the level of production for the last quarter of the year.
To determine the number of units that should be scheduled for production during the last quarter of the year, we can use the formula: Expected sales + Desired ending inventory - Beginning inventory = Required production.
Given information:
- Expected sales for the last quarter: 600 units
- Beginning inventory: 400 units
- Desired ending inventory: The minimum inventory level that should be carried is 50 units.
Using the formula, we can calculate the required production:
Required production = 600 + 50 - 400 = 250 units
Therefore, 250 units should be scheduled for production during the last quarter of the year.
The number of units scheduled for production will affect the division's reported income or loss for the year. In variable costing, fixed manufacturing overhead is not included in the product cost. Therefore, if more units are produced, the fixed manufacturing overhead cost will be spread over a larger number of units, resulting in lower per-unit fixed manufacturing overhead and potentially higher reported income. Conversely, if fewer units are produced, the fixed manufacturing overhead cost will be spread over a smaller number of units, resulting in higher per-unit fixed manufacturing overhead and potentially lower reported income.
If the division is using absorption costing and the divisional manager wants to maximize the division's operating income for the year, the number of units scheduled for production during the last quarter should be calculated based on the absorption costing formula: Expected sales + Desired ending inventory - Beginning inventory. This is because absorption costing includes fixed manufacturing overhead in the product cost. By producing more units, the fixed manufacturing overhead cost will be spread over a larger number of units, resulting in a lower per-unit fixed manufacturing overhead and potentially higher reported operating income.
The ethical issues involved in Mr. Cavalas' decision about the level of production for the last quarter include:
1. Reporting accuracy: Mr. Cavalas needs to ensure that the reported income or loss for the year is accurately represented, regardless of the costing method used.
2. Integrity and transparency: Mr. Cavalas should make decisions based on ethical principles, maintaining transparency and ensuring that stakeholders have access to accurate and reliable financial information.
3. Conflict of interest: As the divisional manager, Mr. Cavalas may face a conflict of interest if his decision on production levels is influenced by personal gain, such as maximizing his bonus, rather than acting in the best interest of the company and its stakeholders.
4. Compliance with accounting standards: Mr. Cavalas should ensure that the division's accounting practices comply with relevant accounting standards and regulations and that the decision on production levels does not violate any ethical or legal requirements.
Overall, Mr. Cavalas must make an ethical decision by considering the financial impact, stakeholder interests, and adherence to accounting standards while maintaining integrity and transparency in reporting.
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If the automobile industry decided to move to online sales, what distribution network they might use and why they would use your choice (Provide examples of benefits, opportunities, and challenges).
If the automobile industry decided to move to online sales, one distribution network they might use is a combination of centralized distribution centers and a direct-to-consumer model.
This approach would involve establishing a network of regional or national distribution centers strategically located to efficiently serve customers across different areas. Here are some benefits, opportunities, and challenges associated with this distribution network:
Benefits:
Cost savings: By eliminating the need for physical dealerships and reducing inventory holding costs, online sales can lead to significant cost savings for automakers.
Improved customer experience: Online sales offer convenience and a seamless purchasing process, allowing customers to browse and buy vehicles from the comfort of their homes.
Expanded reach: With an online distribution network, automakers can reach customers in remote areas where traditional dealerships may be limited.
Opportunities:
Customization and personalization: Online sales platforms can offer interactive tools for customers to customize their vehicles, enhancing the buying experience.
Data-driven insights: With online sales, automakers can gather valuable customer data and insights, enabling targeted marketing and personalized offerings.
Challenges:
Test drives and inspections: Overcoming the challenge of customers not being able to physically test drive or inspect vehicles before purchase. Solutions such as offering home test drives or virtual reality experiences may be explored.
Service and support: Ensuring efficient after-sales service, including maintenance, repairs, and warranty support, in the absence of physical dealerships.
Overall, the combination of centralized distribution centers and a direct-to-consumer model in online sales offers cost savings, improved customer experience, expanded reach, customization opportunities, and data-driven insights. However, challenges related to test drives, inspections, and service/support need to be addressed to ensure customer satisfaction and maintain trust in the online buying process.
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ABC Company owns a bookstore and has to decide how many copies to order of a new book. The book’s retail price is 30 TL and the wholesale price is 22 TL. The publisher will buy back the retailer’s leftover copies at a full refund but the bookstore incurs a 4 TL in shipping and handling costs for each book returned to the publisher. The demand forecast can be represented by a normal distribution with a mean 250 and standard deviation 85.
a) The company will consider this book to sell more than 450 units. What is the probability of such amount of selling ?
b) The company believes that there is also a probability of selling the book less than 55 percent of the mean forecast. What is the probability of such amount of selling?
c) What order quantity maximizes the company’s expected profit?
d) Suppose that the company orders 250 copies of the book. What would be the fill rate?
Please clearly explain each process step by step in the solution.
(a) The probability of selling more than 450 units is approximately 0.0228 or 2.28%.
(b) The probability of selling less than 55% of the mean forecast is approximately 0.0926 or 9.26%.
(c) The order quantity with the highest expected profit would be the optimal choice.
(d) The unfilled demand would be 1 - 0.5 = 0.5 or 50%. The fill rate would be (1 - 0.5) * 100 = 50%.
a) To calculate the probability of selling more than 450 units, find the area under the normal distribution curve to the right of 450.
First, standardize the value 450 using the mean and standard deviation given:
Standardized value = (450 - mean) / standard deviation
Standardized value = (450 - 250) / 85
Standardized value = 2
Next, find the cumulative probability to the left of this standardized value using a standard normal distribution table or a statistical calculator. The cumulative probability to the left of 2 is approximately 0.9772.
Finally, subtract this cumulative probability from 1 to find the probability to the right of 450:
Probability = 1 - 0.9772
Probability = 0.0228
Therefore, the probability of selling more than 450 units is approximately 0.0228 or 2.28%.
b) To calculate the probability of selling less than 55% of the mean forecast, find the area under the normal distribution curve to the left of this value.
First, calculate 55% of the mean forecast:
55% of 250 = 0.55 * 250 = 137.5
Next, standardize this value using the mean and standard deviation:
Standardized value = (137.5 - mean) / standard deviation
Standardized value = (137.5 - 250) / 85
Standardized value = -1.3294
Using a standard normal distribution table or a statistical calculator, we find the cumulative probability to the left of -1.3294, which is approximately 0.0926.
Therefore, the probability of selling less than 55% of the mean forecast is approximately 0.0926 or 9.26%.
c) To determine the order quantity that maximizes the company's expected profit, consider the profit for each possible order quantity.
Let's denote the order quantity as Q. The demand follows a normal distribution with a mean of 250 and a standard deviation of 85. The profit can be calculated as follows:
Profit = (Revenue - Cost) * Quantity
Revenue = Retail Price * Min(Demand, Quantity)
Cost = Wholesale Price * Quantity + Shipping and Handling Costs * Max(0, Quantity - Demand)
To find the order quantity that maximizes the expected profit, we calculate the profit for different order quantities and choose the one with the highest expected profit.
Let's calculate the expected profit for different order quantities:
Order Quantity: 0
Profit = (30 - 22) * 0 - 4 * Max(0, 0 - 250)
= -4 * 250
= -1000
Order Quantity: 1
Profit = (30 - 22) * 1 - 4 * Max(0, 1 - 250)
= 8 - 4 * 249
= -988
Order Quantity: 2
Profit = (30 - 22) * 2 - 4 * Max(0, 2 - 250)
= 16 - 4 * 248
= -984
...
Continue calculating the profit for different order quantities until a pattern emerges.
By calculating the profit for different order quantities, you can identify the order quantity that maximizes the expected profit. The order quantity with the highest expected profit would be the optimal choice.
d) The fill rate is the percentage of demand that is satisfied by the available stock. To calculate the fill rate, we compare the demand with the available stock.
If the company ordered 250 copies of the book and the demand follows a normal distribution with a mean of 250 and a standard deviation of 85, we can calculate the fill rate as follows:
1. Calculate the z-score for the demand of 250 copies:
z-score = (250 - mean) / standard deviation
= (250 - 250) / 85
= 0
2. Using a standard normal distribution table or a statistical calculator, find the cumulative probability to the left of the z-score of 0. This gives us the proportion of demand that is below or equal to 250.
3. Subtract the cumulative probability from 1 to find the proportion of demand that is above 250. This represents the unfilled demand.
4. Calculate the fill rate by subtracting the unfilled demand from 1 and multiplying by 100 to get the percentage:
Fill rate = (1 - Unfilled demand) * 100
For example, if the cumulative probability to the left of the z-score of 0 is 0.5, it means that 50% of the demand is below or equal to 250. Therefore, the unfilled demand would be 1 - 0.5 = 0.5 or 50%. The fill rate would be (1 - 0.5) * 100 = 50%.
Remember to calculate the cumulative probability and fill rate using the actual values from the standard normal distribution table or a statistical calculator for a z-score of 0.
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Consider a company that outputs 1,000 doohickies. The company's long-run production function is: q= K L where q is the number of doohickies produced, K is the quantity of capital rented, and I is the quantity of labor hired. MP₂ (1) 1 MP, = (* The cost function is C=4K+L where C is the total cost a. What ratio of capital to labor minimizes total costs? b. How much capital and labor are needed to produce 1,000 doohickies? How much will these inputs cost them?
the ratio of capital to labor that minimizes total costs is 4:1.
To minimize total costs, we need to determine the ratio of capital to labor that minimizes the cost function. In this case, the cost function is C = 4K + L, where C represents total cost, K represents the quantity of capital rented, and L represents the quantity of labor hired.
a. To find the ratio of capital to labor that minimizes total costs, we need to calculate the marginal cost of each input. The marginal cost of capital (MC_K) is the derivative of the cost function with respect to K, and the marginal cost of labor (MC_L) is the derivative of the cost function with respect to L.
MC_K = dC/dK = 4
MC_L = dC/dL = 1
To minimize total costs, we set the marginal cost of each input equal to the ratio of their prices. Let's assume the price of capital is denoted as p_K and the price of labor as p_L.
MC_K / p_K = MC_L / p_L
Since we want to find the ratio of capital to labor, we can rearrange the equation as follows:
MC_K / MC_L = p_K / p_L
Substituting the values of marginal costs, we get:
4 / 1 = p_K / p_L
Therefore, the ratio of capital to labor that minimizes total costs is 4:1.
b. To produce 1,000 doohickies, we can use the production function: q = KL. Given that q = 1,000, we can substitute this value into the function:
1,000 = KL
To determine the specific quantities of capital and labor needed, we need additional information. Without this information, we cannot provide an exact answer regarding the quantities of capital and labor required.
However, we can calculate the cost of the inputs. Let's assume the prices of capital and labor are denoted as p_K and p_L, respectively. The cost of capital (C_K) is the product of the quantity of capital (K) and the price of capital (p_K), and the cost of labor (C_L) is the product of the quantity of labor (L) and the price of labor (p_L).
C_K = K * p_K
C_L = L * p_L
The total cost (C) is the sum of the costs of capital and labor:
C = C_K + C_L
Without the specific values for p_K, p_L, and the quantities of capital and labor, we cannot provide an exact answer regarding the cost of the inputs.
In conclusion, to minimize total costs, the ratio of capital to labor should be 4:1. To determine the quantities of capital and labor needed to produce 1,000 doohickies, we need additional information. Similarly, the cost of these inputs depends on the specific prices of capital and labor, which are not provided.
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You are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. As part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. The replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $175,000. This cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 8% for five years, at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. If the company's cost of capital is 18% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated?
Answer:
The company could afford to spend up to $121,701.52 for a higher quality heat exchanger.
Explanation:
To determine the affordability of a higher quality heat exchanger, we need to calculate the present value of the annual replacement and downtime costs and compare it to the cost of the higher quality heat exchanger.
Given that the replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $175,000 and it is expected to increase at a rate of 8% per year for five years, we can calculate the total replacement and downtime costs over the five-year period using the formula for the future value of a growing annuity:
Future Value = Cost in Year 1 * (1 + Growth Rate)^Number of Years
Future Value = $175,000 * (1 + 0.08)^5 = $271,566.40
Next, we need to calculate the present value of the future replacement and downtime costs by discounting the future value at the company's cost of capital. The formula for the present value of a future cash flow is:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Discount Rate)^Number of Years
Present Value = $271,566.40 / (1 + 0.18)^5 = $121,701.52
Therefore, the company could afford to spend up to $121,701.52 for a higher quality heat exchanger so that the annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated.
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Ahmed contributed cash of $20,000 into the partnership. The journal entry to record this transaction is: Cash $20,000 Dr: partnership $20,000 Cr
True
False
Sure. The journal entry to record Ahmed's contribution of cash into the partnership is ; Debit: Cash $20,000 Credit: Ahmed, Capital $20,000.
The debit to Cash increases the asset account Cash by $20,000. The credit to Ahmed, Capital increases the owner's equity account Ahmed, Capital by $20,000. This entry reflects the fact that Ahmed has contributed $20,000 of cash to the partnership, which has increased the partnership's assets and equity. The journal entry you provided is incorrect because it credits Partnership instead of Ahmed, Capital. Partnership is a general ledger account that represents the total assets and liabilities of the partnership. Ahmed, Capital is a specific ledger account that represents Ahmed's ownership interest in the partnership.
Here is a breakdown of the journal entry:
Debit: Cash $20,000
This entry increases the asset account Cash by $20,000.
Credit: Ahmed, Capital $20,000
This entry increases the owner's equity account Ahmed, Capital by $20,000.
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"i’ve been at my job for four days, and i’ve already met all my coworkers!" amber says. which type of business does ember most likely work for?
Based on Amber's statement, it is likely that she works for a small-sized business or a company with a limited number of employees.
In larger organizations, it is generally challenging to meet and become acquainted with all coworkers within just four days, as there are typically numerous departments, teams, and employees spread across different locations or floors.
In a small business or a startup, with a smaller workforce, it is more feasible to interact with and get to know everyone in a short period. The close-knit environment of such organizations often allows for easier and quicker integration into the team.
However, it's important to note that the context provided is limited, and there could be other factors at play. It's always advisable to gather more information to make a more accurate determination about the type of business Amber works for.
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You have the following investment opportunities with an initial investment outlay of R375 000.00: Interest rate Investment A 11.86% Investment B 14.06% Investment C 11.25% Investment D 10.00% REQUIRED: Normal view Formula view Year 0 375 000 375 000 375 000 375 000 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 - Year 4 the above in an Excel workbook and calculate the future value of each of the investment opportunities by making use of Excel formulas. Give your answer in: 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 22,500 100,000 37,500 15,000 150,000 100,000 37,500 100,000 (4 marks) (4 marks) Based on the calculations, which will be the best investment opportunity and why? (2 marks)
It outperforms the other investment opportunities due to its higher interest rate of 14.06%. Therefore, investing in Investment B would yield the best returns compared to the other options.
Based on the provided information, the best investment opportunity would be Investment B with an interest rate of 14.06%. Here's the step-by-step explanation:
1. Calculate the future value of Investment A:
- Year 1: 375,000 + (375,000 * 11.86%) = 420,975
- Year 2: 420,975 + (420,975 * 11.86%) = 470,985.57
- Year 3: 470,985.57 + (470,985.57 * 11.86%) = 525,812.79
- Year 4: 525,812.79 + (525,812.79 * 11.86%) = 585,897.58
2. Calculate the future value of Investment B:
- Year 1: 375,000 + (375,000 * 14.06%) = 428,625
- Year 2: 428,625 + (428,625 * 14.06%) = 489,145.88
- Year 3: 489,145.88 + (489,145.88 * 14.06%) = 556,900.24
- Year 4: 556,900.24 + (556,900.24 * 14.06%) = 632,636.46
3. Calculate the future value of Investment C:
- Year 1: 375,000 + (375,000 * 11.25%) = 417,187.50
- Year 2: 417,187.50 + (417,187.50 * 11.25%) = 464,990.63
- Year 3: 464,990.63 + (464,990.63 * 11.25%) = 519,238.07
- Year 4: 519,238.07 + (519,238.07 * 11.25%) = 580,436.88
4. Calculate the future value of Investment D:
- Year 1: 375,000 + (375,000 * 10.00%) = 412,500
- Year 2: 412,500 + (412,500 * 10.00%) = 453,750
- Year 3: 453,750 + (453,750 * 10.00%) = 499,125
- Year 4: 499,125 + (499,125 * 10.00%) = 548,037.50
Based on these calculations, Investment B has the highest future value after four years, reaching R632,636.46.
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The most accepted method for classifying consumer goods and services is based on consumer buying behavior. This method divides consumer goods and services into four general categories: convenience, shopping, specialty, and unsought. This exercise provides some general examples of products found in each category. Select the most appropriate category for each good or service listed. 1. Appliances convenience shopping specialty unsought 2. Automobile battery jumpstart services convenience shopping specialty unsought 3. Cemetery plots convenience shopping specialty unsought 4. Clothes convenience shopping specialty 5. Expensive wine convenience shopping specialty unsought 6. Gas convenience shopping specialty unsought 7. Jewelry convenience shopping specialty unsought 8. Milk convenience shopping specialty unsought
1. Appliances – Convenience2. Automobile battery jumpstart services – Unsought3. Cemetery plots – Unsought4. Clothes – Shopping5. Expensive wine – Specialty6. Gas – Convenience7. Jewelry – Specialty8. Milk – Convenience. Consumer goods and services are classified into four general categories based on consumer buying behavior, which is the most widely accepted method.
The four categories are convenience, shopping, specialty, and unsought. Following are the most appropriate categories for each good or service listed:1. Appliances – Convenience2. Automobile battery jumpstart services – Unsought3. Cemetery plots – Unsought4. Clothes – Shopping5. Expensive wine – Specialty6. Gas – Convenience7. Jewelry – Specialty8. Milk – Convenience The convenience products are products that the consumer purchases frequently, without much thought, and with little comparison shopping. Milk and gas are examples of convenience products.
The shopping products are products that require comparison shopping because they are usually more expensive and less frequently purchased. Clothes are the example of shopping products. Specialty products are products with unique characteristics or brand identification for which a significant group of buyers is willing to make a special purchase effort. Jewelry and expensive wine are the examples of specialty products.The unsought products are products that the consumer does not know about or does not consider buying until they have a need for them. Automobile battery jumpstart services and cemetery plots are the examples of unsought products. Consumer goods and services are divided into four general categories based on consumer buying behavior, which is the most widely accepted method. The four categories are convenience, shopping, specialty, and unsought. Let's explore each category:1. Convenience Products: These products are frequently purchased by consumers without much thought and little comparison shopping. Convenience products are usually inexpensive, and consumers generally don't spend a lot of time or effort on them. Examples of convenience products include milk, bread, gasoline, candy, and other products that can be found in a local store.2. Shopping Products: These products are usually more expensive and less frequently purchased than convenience products. Shopping products require comparison shopping because consumers want to ensure that they get the best value for their money. Examples of shopping products include clothes, furniture, cars, and other items that consumers buy less frequently and are more expensive than convenience products.3. Specialty Products: These products are unique, and consumers are willing to make a special purchase effort to buy them. Specialty products are usually more expensive than other products, and they have unique characteristics or brand identification. Examples of specialty products include expensive wines, jewelry, and other luxury items.4. Unsought Products: These products are not usually on the consumers' minds or considered buying until they have a need for them. Unsought products are often difficult to sell because consumers don't know about them or don't see the need for them. Examples of unsought products include funeral services, insurance, and other products that consumers don't think about until they need them.In conclusion, consumer goods and services are classified into four general categories based on consumer buying behavior. The four categories are convenience, shopping, specialty, and unsought. Each category has its unique characteristics, and businesses must understand these categories to develop effective marketing strategies.
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what is the cost of a gallon of gas in 2010 for which 20.61% of prices are at or below that price?
The cost of a gallon of gas in 2010 is $2.73 for which 20.61% of prices are at or below that price. Therefore, the correct option is (C).
Given: 20.61% of prices are at or below a certain price
To find: The cost of a gallon of gas in 2010
Let the certain price be x.
According to the given data, 20.61% of the prices are at or below x.
Hence, the percentile rank of x is 20.61.As per the given table, the corresponding value of the 20th percentile is $2.73.
So, the cost of a gallon of gas in 2010 for which 20.61% of prices are at or below that price is $2.73. Therefore, the correct option is (C).
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1. Explicit and Implicit Costs Juan and Julia contributed $50,000 of their own money to the company They bought equipment for $3,000 They hired an employee with a salary of $20,000 Juan quit his job where he earned $30,000 Julia quit part of her job where she earned $15,000 · Purchases of materials for the business were $10,000 · At the end of the year the value of the equipment is $28,000 · A business loan of $100,000 pays 6% annual interest The normal profit based on the above data from running the business is $30,000. True or false?
Explicit and Implicit Costs The normal profit based on the given data from running the business is $30,000. False.An explicit cost is the money that the business spends, which includes the wages paid to employees, the rent, and the cost of supplies.
When the business purchases a new piece of equipment or hires a new employee, this is a clear cost that is easily measured and accounted for. The implicit cost is a little more complicated. It is a cost that a company pays but that is not explicitly stated in the business records. When a company uses its own funds to purchase equipment or pay salaries, it incurs implicit costs.
The normal profit based on the above data from running the business is $30,000. False, it is a loss as we can calculate it as follows:
Total explicit costs = $50,000 + $3,000 + $20,000 + $10,000 + $6,000 (interest expense) = $89,000 Total implicit costs = $30,000 + $15,000 + $30,000 = $75,000Total revenue = $0Therefore, normal profit = Total Revenue - Total Explicit Costs - Total Implicit Costs = $0 - $89,000 - $75,000 = ($164,000)
This means that the company is operating at a loss of $164,000.
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A project has an initial cost of $7.900 and cash inflows of $2,100, $3,140, $3,800, and $4,500 per year over he next four years, respectively. What is the payback period? 3.70 years 2.28 years 2.70 years 3.36 years 3.28 years
The payback period of a project is the amount of time it takes to recoup the initial investment or cost of the project. To find out the payback period, divide the initial cost by the annual cash inflows until you have recovered the initial cost.
What is the payback period?
To find out the payback period, we divide the initial cost by the annual cash inflows until the initial cost is recovered. To find the payback period, we use the following formula:Payback period = Initial cost / Annual cash inflowYear 1 cash inflow = $2,100Year 2 cash inflow = $3,140Year 3 cash inflow = $3,800Year 4 cash inflow = $4,500Initial cost = $7,900When we divide the initial cost by the annual cash inflow for each year until the initial cost is recovered, we get:Year 1: $7,900 - $2,100 = $5,800Year 2: $5,800 - $3,140 = $2,660Year 3: $2,660 - $3,800 = -$1,140The third year cash inflow is less than the remaining cost, so we need to use a weighted average to estimate the payback period.WA = Year 3 cash flow / Year 3 - Year 2 cash flowWA = -$1,140 / $3,800 - $3,140WA = -$1,140 / $660WA = -1.727We can estimate that it will take approximately 2.727 years to recover the initial investment using the weighted average. Hence, the correct answer is 2.70 years.
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Redesigning jobs is a way for organizations to manage situations where workers are being paid more than they are contributing in terms of long-term productivity. True False
False. Redesigning jobs is not solely aimed at managing situations where workers are being paid more than they are contributing in terms of long-term productivity.
While job redesign can be a strategy to optimize productivity and align compensation with performance, its purpose goes beyond just addressing overpayment issues. Job redesign involves making changes to the tasks, responsibilities, and structure of a job to enhance job satisfaction, employee engagement, and overall performance. It may include factors such as task variety, autonomy, skill development, and meaningfulness of work. The goal is to create a better fit between the job and the individual, leading to improved productivity and employee well-being. Compensation management, on the other hand, deals specifically with aligning pay with performance and market rates.
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Y = (AN)aKbEy. (Where Y = GDP, A = technology, K = capital, N = labor, E = energy and a = b = y = 1/3 )
1) Use the growth accounting equation (by taking logs of the above equation) to compute the rate of growth of A. Let Y growth rate = 4%, growth rate of N = 2%, K increased by 3%, and E increased by 4%.
Growth accounting equation relates growth rates of GDP, capital, labor, and technology. It enables us to estimate the contribution of various inputs to economic growth. Here's the solution to the given problem:
We are given, Y = (AN)a(Kb )(Ey)
Taking the natural logarithm of both sides: ln(Y) = ln[(AN)a(Kb) (Ey)]ln(Y) = aln(A) + bln(K) + cln(N) + dln(E)Where a = b = c = 1/3, and d = 1 - a - b - c = 0
Plug in the values we are given : Natural log of Y growth rate = ln(1.04) = 0.04Natural log of N growth rate = ln(1.02) = 0.0198
Natural log of K growth rate = ln(1.03) = 0.0296Natural log of E growth rate = ln(1.04) = 0.0392
Substituting all the values in the equation, we get;0.04 = (1/3)ln(A) + (1/3)ln(K) + (1/3)ln(N) + 0
Substitute (1/3) as xln(A) = 3(0.04 - xln(K) - xln(N)ln(A) = 3(0.04 - x) - 3ln(K) - 3ln(N)ln(A) = 0.12 - 3x - 3ln(K) - 3ln(N)
Differentiate the above expression with respect to time to get the growth rate of A:d(ln(A))/dt = -3(d(ln(K))/dt) - 3(d(ln(N))/dt)
Plug in the values we are given : d(ln(K))/dt = 0.03 and d(ln(N))/dt = 0.02
Therefore, d(ln(A))/dt = -3(0.03) - 3(0.02)=-0.15
Hence, the rate of growth of technology (A) is -0.15 or -15%.
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A person borrows the amount of $1,000 to be repaid in 5 years at an interest rate of 20% per year. How much would this person pay at the end of year 5?
At the end of year 5, the person would need to pay back the borrowed amount of $1,000 plus the interest accrued. The total payment at the end of year 5 will include both the principal amount and the accumulated interest.
To calculate the total payment at the end of year 5, we need to consider the interest rate and the duration of the loan. In this case, the person borrowed $1,000 at an interest rate of 20% per year for 5 years.
The interest accrued each year can be calculated by multiplying the principal amount by the interest rate. In this case, the annual interest is $1,000 multiplied by 20%, which equals $200. Since the loan lasts for 5 years, the total interest accrued over the 5-year period is $200 multiplied by 5, which equals $1,000.
Therefore, at the end of year 5, the person would need to pay back the initial borrowed amount of $1,000 plus the accumulated interest of $1,000, resulting in a total payment of $2,000. This payment includes both the repayment of the principal amount and the interest that has accrued over the 5-year period.
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When a floor manager empowers this team members, his power:
a. multiplies in direct proportion to the number of people receiving a power share.
b. increases.
c. remains approximately the same.
d. decreases.
When a floor manager empowers his team members, his power "increases", hence option b is correct.
To empower someone means to give them the power, authority, or confidence to do something, this process is known as empowerment. In a workplace context, this means allowing employees to make decisions, take ownership of tasks, and work autonomously to achieve team goals. A floor manager, or floor supervisor, is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of a specific area of a business, such as a department or floor. Part of their role is to empower team members to work independently and collaboratively to achieve their goals. By empowering team members, a floor manager can create a more efficient and effective team. This can lead to higher morale, increased productivity, and better results for the business as a whole. Additionally, when team members feel empowered, they are more likely to take ownership of their work and be more invested in the success of the team and the business as a whole.Therefore, when a floor manager empowers his team members, his power increases.
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Your company, (insert a company name of your choice here), is considering an opportunity to develop and introduce a new product which will trick kids into eating healthy at breakfast. The product is a breakfast "treat" which is actually made from all healthy ingredients and contains no added sugar…..and it tastes good. Based on your superior knowledge of the market, you think that this product line will last a minimum of 5 years before the kids catch on and start eating sugar-coated sugar cubes again for breakfast (when I was a kid, there was actually a cereal called Super Sugar Crisp).
Getting up and running will cost the company $1,000,000 for capital equipment; there was an additional $400,000 for development expenses. The equipment is expected to have a useful life of 5 years (what a coincidence). The expected sales volumes are:
Year 1: 400,000
Year 2: 700,000
Year 3: 900,000
Year 4: 850,000
Year 5: 600,000
Your assignment is to figure out if this is a good idea and, of course, maximize your wealth.
A few facts:
Unit cost is $1.250
Profit margin is 37% on sell price
Corporate income tax rate is 25.8%
The company’s cost of debt is 8%
You will finance the entire $1,000,000 but you do have it in cash if required; the financing will be at 9% and only 1 payment per year (5 total payments) for simplicity.
A few questions
Is this a worthwhile program to invest in?
What assumptions did you make?
Are there any alternatives at the end of 5 years?
Please use excel and explain the steps (Where numbers are coming from and which formulas are used in each step)
To evaluate the investment in the new breakfast product, let's calculate the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) using Excel.
First, we need to calculate the annual cash flows for each year, taking into account the sales volumes, unit cost, profit margin, and tax rate.
Year 1: 400,000 * ($1.25 * 0.37) * (1 - 0.258) = $69,860
Year 2: 700,000 * ($1.25 * 0.37) * (1 - 0.258) = $122,401
Year 3: 900,000 * ($1.25 * 0.37) * (1 - 0.258) = $157,738
Year 4: 850,000 * ($1.25 * 0.37) * (1 - 0.258) = $149,457
Year 5: 600,000 * ($1.25 * 0.37) * (1 - 0.258) = $105,328
Next, we need to calculate the annual cash flows for the capital equipment and development expenses. Since these costs occur at the beginning, they will be considered as cash outflows (negative values) in year 0.
Year 0: -$1,000,000 - $400,000 = -$1,400,000
Now, let's calculate the discounted cash flows using the company's cost of debt (8%) as the discount rate.
Year 0: -$1,400,000 / (1 + 0.08)^0 = -$1,400,000
Year 1: $69,860 / (1 + 0.08)^1 = $64,643
Year 2: $122,401 / (1 + 0.08)^2 = $106,997
Year 3: $157,738 / (1 + 0.08)^3 = $127,238
Year 4: $149,457 / (1 + 0.08)^4 = $113,149
Year 5: $105,328 / (1 + 0.08)^5 = $79,150
To calculate the NPV, sum up all the discounted cash flows:
NPV = -$1,400,000 + $64,643 + $106,997 + $127,238 + $113,149 + $79,150
NPV = -$908,823
To calculate the IRR, use the IRR function in Excel on the cash flows:
IRR = 14.3%
Based on the NPV of -$908,823 and the IRR of 14.3%, this investment does not appear to be worthwhile. The negative NPV suggests that the project's cash flows are not sufficient to cover the initial investment and generate a positive return. The IRR of 14.3% is lower than the cost of debt (8%), indicating that the project's rate of return is not attractive compared to alternative investment options.
Assumptions made include the accuracy of sales volume projections, constant unit cost and profit margin, stable tax rates, and the discount rate based on the cost of debt.
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Please answer only 3 of the following 5 questions in short paragraphs, between 250-500 words for each question. The questions cover material from chapters 11, 13, 14 and 15. 1. Because it is worried about inflation in the near term, the government has decided to restrict aggregate demand. Which tool of fiscal policy (or combination) do you believe it should use: government purchases, taxes, or transfers? Why? a. | 2. The president has just retained you to advise him on whether to change government fiscal policy. You understand that any change in spending or taxation that the administration proposes will have to be considered for a number of months by Congress, and then that the full impact of the policy change on the economy will not occur until several months after it is enacted. Under these circumstances, what is your advice? 3. The Fed has three conventional tools that it can use to change the money supply under normal economic conditions: open-market operations, changes in the banks' required reserve ratio, and changes in policies regarding lending to member banks. Which do you think is the most useful, the least useful? Does the Fed really need three tools-wouldn't one do just as well? 4. What should government do to avoid another Great Recession like the last one during 2007-09 period? What policies have been undertaken? Are they adequate? 5. Do you think monetary or fiscal policy is likely to be the more effective tool of stabilization policy? Why?
As the government is worried about inflation in the near term, the use of which tool of fiscal policy or combination should it use: government purchases, taxes, or transfers? Why?The tool of fiscal policy the government should use depends on the state of the economy.
Suppose the economy is booming and inflation is increasing, a restriction in aggregate demand will be a good policy. This means that the government should reduce the amount of money in circulation by increasing taxes or reduce transfer payments. This policy will decrease the disposable income of people.
On the other hand, if the economy is in a recession, and aggregate demand is low, the government should increase its spending or reduce taxes to stimulate the economyUnder the given circumstance, my advice to the president would be that it is not wise to make changes in the government fiscal policy immediately.
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points Save Answer Assume today's settlement price on a CME EUR futures contract is $1.3146/EUR. You have a short position in one contract. Your performance bond account currently has a balance of $1,700. The next day' settlement price is $1.3051. Calculate the balance of the account at the end of the day. (USD, no cents)
Today's settlement price on a CME EUR futures contract is $1.3146/EUR. You have a short position in one contract. Your performance bond account currently has a balance of $1,700. The next day's settlement price is $1.3051
.To find: Calculate the balance of the account at the end of the day solution:
Daily Price Limit of CME Euro FX futures contract
= $0.0050/EUR (Currency Futures)The price movement of the futures contract
= $1.3146/EUR - $1.3051/EUR
= $0.0095/
EURAs 1 Euro futures contract consists of 125,000 Euros,
thus Dollar value of 1 Euro = 1.3051 * 125,000
= $163,137.5
Dollar value of the short position = 163,137.5
The profit and loss per contract would be = 0.0095 * 125,000
= $1,187.5
As the short position was taken, it resulted in a profit:
Profit = 1,187.5 dollars
Therefore, new balance in the account will be the sum of old balance and profit
= $1,700 + $1,187.5 = $2887.5
Thus, the balance of the account at the end of the day is $2,887.5 (USD, no cents).
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