What determines the element type ?
Number of proton determines the element type.
The proton is a stable subatomic particle that has an equivalent positive charge to that of an electron and a rest mass of 1.67262 1027 kg, or 1,836 times the mass of an electron.
Protons and neutrons, which are electrically neutral particles, make up the majority of atomic nuclei, with the exception of the hydrogen nucleus (which consists of a single proton). The number of protons in the nuclei of a given chemical element is constant. The periodic table's position and the atomic number of an element are determined by this number. When the number of protons in the nucleus and the number of electrons in the orbit of an atom are equal, the atom is electrically neutral.
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which element has the greatest tendency to undergo oxidation
The element that has the greatest tendency to undergo oxidation is Francium.
When an element is reduced, it becomes an oxidizing agent because it receives electrons, whereas when an element is oxidized, it loses electrons. Electrons are easily lost (or donated) by strong reducing agents. Better reductants typically have atomic radii that are relatively large. In such species, the valence electrons are not strongly attracted to the nucleus because of the great distance between them.
The greatest chemical reducer should be francium, which has one outside electron in the 7s orbital. Alkali metal francium quickly donates an electron. As a result, it might be regarded as a reducing agent.
Thus, Francium has the greatest tendency to undergo oxidation.
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Is Cl2 polar or nonpolar?
Since they don't also have a dipole moment, all diatomic molecules with the same atoms are inherently non-polar. Only when there is a charge gap or unevenly distributed charges across atoms does a molecule produce a dipole moment. Cl2 is hence nonpolar.
Chlorine (Cl2) Take the molecule of chlorine, Cl2, for instance. The two Cl atoms are connected by a solitary covalent bond. The positive Cl atom's nucleus and the covalent bond's negative electron pair are attracted to one another.
Two chlorine atoms that are not metals make up the compound Cl2. Cl2 won't display metallic boding as a result. Cl2 won't contain an ionic bond because ionic bonds only form when a metal and a non-metal interact, so it must be covalent.
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orbital filling diagram
Answer:
here is the diagram
Explanation:
boiling point of alcohols increases with increase in number of carbon atoms why give reason
Due to increase in surface area and Vander Wall's force of attraction, boiling point of alcohols increases with increase in number of carbon atoms.
increase in surface area and Vander walls force of attraction
The compound oxygen difluoride is quite reactive, giving oxygen and HF when treated with water
The compound oxygen difluoride is quite reactive, giving oxygen and HF when treated with water, Bond dissociation energy= 186.5 kJ/MO2
What is bond-dissociation energy?
The bond-dissociation strength (BDE, D0, or DH°) is one degree of the strength of a chemical bond−B. It may be described because the widespread enthalpy extrudes when A−B is cleaved by homolysis to present fragments A and B, which might be usually radical species. The enthalpy extrude is temperature-dependent, and the bond-dissociation strength is regularly described to be the enthalpy extrude of the homolysis at 0 K (absolute zero), even though the enthalpy extrude at 298 K (widespread conditions) is likewise an often-encountered parameter.
Bond formula= OF2(g)+ H2O(g)= O2g+ 2HF(g)
ER*N = -318 *J
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What is the amino group in a protein?
An amino group is a functional group consisting of an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group, which is found in proteins.
It is essential for the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. The amino group is partially positively charged and is therefore able to interact with other molecules through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
The amino group is also able to donate a hydrogen atom, making it an important component in many biochemical reactions.
Furthermore, it plays an important role in the folding of proteins, as the electrostatic interactions between the amino and carboxyl groups help stabilize the protein's three-dimensional structure. In addition, the presence of the amino group can influence the solubility of proteins in different solutions.
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Is BaO ionic or covalent?
BaO is characterized by ionic bonding.
There are many types of chemical bonds that bond the molecules together. The most important types of bond are generally ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bond, electrons transfer takes place whereas in the covalent bonding, sharing of electrons takes.
We need one electron donor and one electron acceptor in case of ionic bond but in case of the covalent bonds, atoms with same electronegativity share the electrons. Also, ionic bonds are formed between metal and a non- metal and covalent bonds are formed between two nonmetals.
In this question, we need to determine whether BaO is covalent or ionic. Here, in this case barium is metal and oxygen is non-metal. Ionic bonds generally occur between metallic elements and nonmetallic elements. Hence, there is a bond between metal and non-metal so the bond formed will be ionic.
Therefore, BaO has an ionic bond.
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Which part of the brain is affected by a smell, a song, or a photograph?
A. the primitive brain
B. the right brain
C. the outer brain
D. the emotional brain
The right brain part of the brain is affected by a smell, a song, or a photograph.
What is Right Brain?The right brain is more intuitive and visually oriented. It is occasionally referred to as the analog brain. It thinks less logically and with more creativity. According to out-of-date research by Sperry, the right brain aids in creativity.
Which part of brain deals with photograph?Posterior parietal cortex of the parietal lobe of the brain mainly deals with the photographs.
Which part of brain deals with Smell?The olfactory bulb, a structure in the front of the brain, processes smells before sending data to other regions of the body's central nervous system.
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The right brain part of the brain is affected by a smell, a song, or a photograph.
What is Right Brain?
The right brain is more intuitive and visually oriented. It is occasionally referred to as the analog brain. It thinks less logically and with more creativity. According to out-of-date research by Sperry, the right brain aids in creativity.
Which part of brain deals with photograph?
Posterior parietal cortex of the parietal lobe of the brain mainly deals with the photographs.
Which part of brain deals with Smell?
The olfactory bulb, a structure in the front of the brain, processes smells before sending data to other regions of the body's central nervous system.
1,11 kg CaCl2 and 1,11 kg KCl are dissolved in 4m^3 of water. Calculate hardness of this water in mequiv/l
200 ppm is the hardness of this water in mequiv/l.
How is water hardness determined?
Water hardness may be calculated using the formula Hardness = Cal 2.497 + Mg 4.118.The following steps can be used to calculate the hardness of water:Add 2.497 to the calcium ion concentration.Add 4.118 to the magnesium ion concentration.The result of adding the two figures is the water hardnessHow can you determine the water hardness in ppm?
Hardness = 100000 x M5 ppm Total hardness minus Permanent hardness equals Temporary hardness.Why is CaCO3 used to measure water hardness?
Because calcium carbonate has a molecular weight of 100 g/mol and is easier to compute when the value is represented in terms of 100, the hardness of water is often reported in parts per million (ppm) and evaluated in terms of calcium carbonate.To know more about water, checkout this link:
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explain in terms of bonding why solid sulfur is soft, brittle and non conductive
Because the electrons in sulfur are so tightly bound and unable to move, the element functions more like an insulator. Since electrons have a harder time moving when they are packed closely together as a solid, Sulphur is dull and brittle, which again indicates that it is a poor conductor.
Sulfur is it a brittle solid?Sulfur is a brittle, pale yellow, odorless solid that is soluble in carbon disulfide but insoluble in water.
Materials like coal and sulfur, however, have a softer, duller appearance. On hammer blows, they crumble into a powdery mass. They lack sonority and have poor conductivity for both heat and electricity.
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I observed evidence technician Josh Sanders dust the inside doorknob on the front door for latent fingerprints. Dusting the doorknob did reveal latent prints, which Sanders lifted with tape and transferred to a small card. That occurred at approximately 3:15 p.m. I later observed Detective Laura Wilson collect a bullet casing from the tile floor in the kitchen after another investigator first photographed the area. The bullet casing was found on the floor beneath the kitchen table and was picked up by Wilson (with gloved hands) and placed in an evidence bag. Collection of the bullet casing occurred at 3:42 p.m. I then looked in the guest bathroom down the hall from the kitchen and observed another evidence technician, William Soto, collecting unknown red fibers from inside the bathroom sink. The time was approximately 3:53 p.m. Soto collected the red fibers with tweezers and placed them inside an evidence bag.
The chain of custody for the finger print on the Door Know is summarized in the Chain of Custody form attached.
What is a chain of custody?This is a procedure that documents each individual who handled the evidence, the date/time it was gathered or transferred, and the purpose for the transfer as it moves through its collecting, safekeeping, and analysis lifespan.
The most important aspect of evidence recording is the chain of custody. It is essential to demonstrate to the court of law that the evidence is genuine, i.e., that it was obtained at the crime scene. It was always in the care of someone assigned to manage it, and it was never unaccounted for.
The chain of custody demands that every transfer of evidence from person to person be documented from the time the evidence is acquired and that it be proven that no one else could have accessed that evidence. It is recommended to restrict the number of transfers to a minimum.
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Full Question:
In the video at the beginning of this unit, you were introduced to Jordan, a college student and newspaper intern. Jordan was shadowing police who were collecting evidence at the scene of a crime.
Jordan is shadowing the police again at a different crime scene. This time you have gone with him. Your job will be to record all of the required information on a chain of custody document.
Choose one of the items of physical evidence mentioned in Jordan's notes below.
Complete the chain of custody document for that item. (Make it similar to the example provided beneath Jordan's notes.)
Jordan's Notes
Tuesday, February 5
I observed evidence technician Josh Sanders dust the inside doorknob on the front door for latent fingerprints. Dusting the doorknob did reveal latent prints, which Sanders lifted with tape and transferred to a small card. That occurred at approximately 3:15 p.m.
I later observed Detective Laura Wilson collect a bullet casing from the tile floor in the kitchen after another investigator first photographed the area. The bullet casing was found on the floor beneath the kitchen table and was picked up by Wilson (with gloved hands) and placed in an evidence bag. Collection of the bullet casing occurred at 3:42 p.m.
I then looked in the guest bathroom down the hall from the kitchen and observed another evidence technician, William Soto, collecting unknown red fibers from inside the bathroom sink. The time was approximately 3:53 p.m. Soto collected the red fibers with tweezers and placed them inside an evidence bag.
Example of a Chain of Custody Form
Chain of CustodyItem collected as evidence: Individual who collected the item: Date and time of collection: Description of location where item was collected: Method of collection:
Why does the reactivity of metal increase?
Metal reactivity is influenced by their propensity to lose electrons. The valence electrons are simply eliminated as the atomic size grows, resulting in the formation of positive ions.
A valence electron is an electron in an atom's outer shell that can take part in the production of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed. This concept is used in both chemistry and physics. One valence electron from each atom in the link is contributed to form a shared pair in a single covalent bond. The electrons in an atom's outermost electron shell are known as valence electrons.
Metal reactivity is related to their capacity to oxidise, produce basic hydroxides, and combine with non-metals to produce ionic compounds. Nuclear charge, atomic radius, shielding effect, and sublevel arrangement are the four main variables that govern metal reactivity (of electrons).
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3. Refer to the periodic trend of the electronegativity of elements; list the following bonds in order of decreasing polarity. Identify the positive pole, if any.
F - F, P - O, N - O
4. Refer to the periodic trend of the electronegativity of elements, rank the percent ionic character of the bond between the following pairs of atoms from the lowest to the highest.
C - O, C - F, Na - O, Na - N, and Na - F
Part 3: Electronegativity of elements: F - F > N - O > P - O.
Part 4: Electronegativity of elements: Na - F > C - F > C - O > Na - O > Na - N.
Define the term electronegativity of elements?The ability of an atom to draw shared electrons to it's own is measured by its electronegativity. Electronegativity on the periodic table typically rises from left to right over a period and falls as you go down a group.The reasons for the Electronegativity of different elemnts are-
F-F: This bond is nonpolar because the electronegativity of both fluorine atoms is the same, making the bond electrically neutral.P-O: This bond is polar because the electronegativity of oxygen (3.44) is greater than the electronegativity of phosphorus (2.19), creating a positive charge on the oxygen atom and a negative charge on the phosphorus atom. The oxygen atom is the positive pole.N-O: This bond is more polar than the P-O bond because the electronegativity of nitrogen (3.04) is greater than the electronegativity of oxygen (3.44), creating a positive charge on the oxygen atom and a negative charge on the nitrogen atom. The oxygen atom is the positive pole.Thus,
Part 3: Electronegativity of elements: F - F > N - O > P - O.
Part 4: Electronegativity of elements: Na - F > C - F > C - O > Na - O > Na - N.
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Is O2 polar or nonpolar?
Being non-polar, oxygen. Its symmetry makes the molecule. The amount of force exerted on the electrons by the two oxygen atoms is the same.
The non-metallic chemical element oxygen is found in group 16 of the periodic table, also called the oxygen group (O). All living things require oxygen, a flavorless, odorless gas that has no colour or taste. By using it as a source of carbon and releasing the oxygen back into the environment, plants use the carbon dioxide that animals have absorbed and converted into.
Oxygen can react with almost every other element to form compounds in addition to reactions that remove elements from their combinations with one another. These processes are known as combustions, and they frequently produce heat and light as byproducts. The most important component is water.
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How do valence electrons affect atoms and where are these located?
The electrons at an atom's outermost energy level known as valence electrons are those that may interact with other atoms. The electrons that are typically the farthest from the nucleus are those with valence.
S and P electrons, which are located in the outermost shell, are valence electrons. Core electrons make up the inner shell's electron population. We encounter little subatomic particles known as valence electrons when we examine and investigate an element's atom. Lewis structures aid in valence electron tracking and bond type prediction.
Valence electrons are mostly negatively charged particles that are grouped in various orbitals or shells. These electrons are also in charge of how atoms interact with one another and how chemical bonds are created. Not every electron, nevertheless, is connected to the atom. Chemical bonds and molecules can only be formed by electrons that are located in the outermost shell of a molecule. Valence electrons are a subclass of these particles.
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An iron nail rusts when exposed to oxygen. How many grams of iron are needed to completely consume 20.0 L of oxygen gas according to the following reaction at 25 °C and 1 atm?
iron ( s ) + oxygen ( g ) iron(III) oxide ( s )
The amount, in grams, of iron that would be needed to completely consume 20.0 L of oxygen gas would be 0.599 grams.
Stoichiometric problemThe equation of the reaction can be expressed as follows;
[tex]4Fe + 3O_2 --- > 2Fe_2O_3[/tex]
Stoichiometrically, 4 moles of iron requires 3 moles of oxygen gas.
20.0 L of oxygen at 1 atm and 25 °C would be equivalent to:
pv = nrt, where p is the pressure, v is the volume, n is the number of mol, R is the universal gas constant, and t is the temperature.
In this case, p = 1 atm, v = 20.0 L, r = 8.3145, and t = 25 +273
n = pv/rt
= 1x20/8.3145x298
= 20/2477.721
= 0.008 mol of oxygen
The equivalent mole of iron required would be:
0.008 x 4/3 = 0.0107 mol
The molar weight of iron is 56.
Mass of 0.0107 mol of iron = 0.0107 x 56
= 0.599 grams
In other words, 0.599 grams of iron would be needed to completely consume 20.0 L of oxygen at 25 °C and 1 atm.
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What occurs in a reduction?
Reduction is a type of chemical reaction in which a particular molecule or compound loses one or more electrons.
It is the opposite of oxidation, which involves the addition of electrons. During a reduction reaction, the number of electrons held by a molecule increases, resulting in a decrease in the oxidation state of the molecule.
This type of reaction usually involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. Examples include the reduction of a metal oxide to form a metal, the reduction of nitrate to form a nitrite, and the reduction of an aldehyde to form an alcohol.
Reduction reactions play an important role in chemical synthesis, energy production, and the metabolism of living organisms.
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Which element can combine to form ionic bonds?
Ionic compounds are typically formed when metal and nonmetal components combine. For instance, the nonmetal chlorine and the metal calcium (Ca) combine to form the ionic compound calcium chloride (Cl).
All compounds are made up of atoms from different elements that share or transfer electrons. In ionic compounds, electrons are transferred from one atom to another. In this type of complex, electrons actively travel between the atoms rather than being shared. When atoms give up or take electrons in this way, they transform into charged particles known as ions. An ionic complex is formed when ions are held together by ionic bonds.
In this molecule, there are two negative chloride ions for every positive calcium ion. Because of this, an ionic substance has a neutral charge.
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Would oxygen and nitrogen form an ionic bond?
No, oxygen and nitrogen will not form an ionic bond.
Covalent bonds formed by sharing electron pairs are what bind nitrogen and oxygen together. Nitrogen has an electronegativity of 3.0, while oxygen has a value of 3.5.
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms exchange one or more pairs of electrons. The two atomic nuclei are concurrently drawing these electrons to them. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to create ions, a covalent bond is formed. Hydrogen (H₂), oxygen (O₂), nitrogen (N₂), water (H₂O), and methane (CH₄) are five examples of covalent bonding. A covalent bond is a type of chemical relationship where two atoms share electron pairs.
Thus, bond between Nitrogen and oxygen is not ionic but covalent bond.
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Which organisms are the base of the food web and what do they use for energy?
Answer:
Producers are the base of the food web
Explanation:
Many producers use the sun (plants do; photosynthesis), air, soil, water; they create their own energy
How many grams of water at 17.0 °C must be mixed with 180 g (about 6 oz) of coffee at 92.0 °C so that the resulting combination will have a temperature of 73.0 °C? Assume that coffee and water have the same specific heat (4.184 J/g °C).
The mass of water at 17.0 °C that must be mixed with 180 g (about 6 oz) of coffee at 92.0 °C so that the resulting combination will have a temperature of 73.0 °C is 61.07 g.
What is the mass of water required?The mass of water required is determined from the formula of heat change as follows:
Heat change = mass * specific heat change * temperature change
Heat gained by water = heat lost gained by coffee
Heat lost by coffee = 180 * 4.184 * (92 - 73)
Heat lost by coffee = 14309.28 J
Het gained by water = 14309.28 J
Mass of water = 14309.28 / {4.184 * (73 - 17)}
mass of water = 61.07 g
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How much heat (in kJ) is needed to convert 10.0 grams of AsI₃(l) at 424˚C to AsI₃(g) at 424˚C?
Based on the latent heat of vaporization of Arsenic triiodide, the amount of heat required to convert 10.0 grams of AsI₃(l) at 424˚C to AsI₃(g) at 424˚C is 593 kJ.
What quantity of heat (in kJ) is needed to convert 10.0 grams of AsI₃(l) at 424˚C to AsI₃(g) at 424˚C?The amount of heat required to convert 10.0 grams of AsI₃(l) at 424˚C to AsI₃(g) at 424˚C calculated from the formula below:
Quantity of heat = mas * latent heat of vaporization
mass of Arsenic triiodide = 10.0 grams
The latent heat of vaporization of Arsenic triiodide is 59.3 kJ/mol
Quantity of heat = 10.0 g * 59.3 kJ/mol
Quantity of heat = 593 kJ
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What are 5 examples of a chemical equation?
The five examples of chemical equation are as follows;
hydrogen + oxygen ---> water.
iron + oxygen ---> rust.
potassium and chlorine gas ---> chloride.
lime + carbon dioxide ---> calcium carbonate (used to strengthen masonry)
water + carbon dioxide + light ---> glucose and oxygen (photosynthesis)
A chemical equation is a representation of the reactants, products and catalyst involved to form products.The number of atoms on both reactant and product side is same.It follows the law of conservation of mass.Chemical equation are of various types.The examples of 5 chemical equation are as follows;hydrogen + oxygen ---> water.iron + oxygen ---> rust.potassium and chlorine gas ---> chloride.lime + carbon dioxide ---> calcium carbonate (used to strengthen masonry)water + carbon dioxide + light ---> glucose and oxygen (photosynthesis)To learn more about chemical equation visit:
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which structural formula represents a linear nonpolar molecule containing two polar bonds
Despite having polar bonds, the gas carbon dioxide is a nonpolar molecule. CO2 has a linear structure. Since each bond dipole has an equal magnitude and is pointing in the opposite direction, they cancel each other out.
What has a polar covalent bond and is a nonpolar molecule?Polar bonds are seen in carbon dioxide, a non-polar compound. By first looking at the makeup of carbon dioxide, it can be understood. In carbon dioxide, a carbon atom forms a double bond on one side with an oxygen atom, and a second double bond on the other side with another oxygen atom.
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What happens when you take magnesium hydroxide?
Saline laxatives are a group of drugs that include magnesium hydroxide.It functions by making the feces retain water.The stool becomes softer and more easily passable as a result of increasing the frequency of bowel movements.
What adverse consequences does magnesium hydroxide cause?Magnesium hydroxide adverse effects include severe diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting; failure to pass stool after using the drug as a laxative; gastrointestinal bleeding; or exacerbation of symptoms.
How is an upset stomach treated with magnesium hydroxide?The symptoms of having too much stomach acid, such as heartburn, an upset stomach, or indigestion, are also treated with this medicine.It is an acid that reduces stomach acid in order to work.
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What is the distance between two adjacent base pairs?
The normal distance between the two successive base pairs within a DNA is 3.4 Angstroms or 0.34 nm.
What is base pairs?DNA base pair. Under normal circumstances, the nitrogen-containing bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair together, and cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together. The binding of these base pairs forms the structure of DNA .
What is hydrogen bonding in base pairs?Hydrogen bonding is the chemical interaction that underlies the base-pairing rules described above. Appropriate geometrical correspondence of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors allows only the "right" pairs to form stably. DNA with high GC-content is more stable than DNA with low GC-content. But, contrary to popular belief, the hydrogen bonds do not stabilize the DNA significantly; stabilization is mainly due to stacking interactions.
What is angstroms?A unit of length equal to one hundred-millionth of a centimeter, 10−10 meter, used mainly to express wavelengths and interatomic distances.
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Provide the structure of the BEST alkyl halide substrate to start with if you hope to obtain each of
the following products as the MAJOR elimination product:
The structure of a disaccharide is shown below; Which statement applies? Cnioh Oloh cilolia Gletute
Only the Glucose ring is in equillbrium with a open chain form
Both the Glucose and Fructose rings are in equllibrlum wlth an open chaln form:
Only the Fructose ring Is In equlllbrium wlin an open chain form
Neither ring Is In equlllbrium wuth an open chain form,
While either glucose and fructose circles are in this state, only the fructose rings are still in equilibrium with only an extended chain form.
What does a glucose do?The major source of energy for the body's cells is glucose, which is present in the blood as sugar. The body can make glucose from those other molecules or it can get it from the food we eat. Glucose is transported to the cells by the circulation. One hormone that controls blood glucose levels is insulin.
What foods are high in glucose?Some foods that are naturally high in pure glucose include sweet maize, syrup, agave syrup, dried apricots, fruits, and fruit juices. when included in a well-balanced food and consumed in moderation.
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Which statement best represents the Law of Conservation of Matter with regard to chemical reaction?
The statement which best represents the Law of Conservation of Matter with regard to chemical reaction is reactants and products have the same number and type of atoms, but the atoms may be recombined.
According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed during a reaction. This implies that the mass of each reactant and each product in a reaction will be equal. Although the mass may change forms during the reaction, neither matter creation nor destruction occurs.
In a closed system, matter is conserved, to put it another way. Nothing (gas, water, or other) may enter or leave a closed system. The system contains all of the products. The system cannot accept or reject matter. A closed system could be the entire earth or it could be a tightly enclosed test tube.
The terms "law of conservation of mass" and "law of conservation of matter" are frequently used interchangeably. The law may also go by the titles of the law of mass conservation or the conservation of matter.
Hence, reactants and products have the same number and type of atoms, but the atoms may be recombined- best represents the law of conservation of matter.
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