Answer:
True
Explanation:
A per unit MCS cannot be created if you are given total revenue and selling price because per unit MCS is created by dividing the given total revenue by the total units of products ( for revenue per unit of product )
And also dividing the total cost by the total units of products ( for cost per unit of product ) hence the absence of the number of products will make it impossible to create a per unit MCS.
The whole cost of sales of welfare's and commodities is called total revenue while the trading price is the price the purchaser spends on acquiring the goods and commodities.
Yes, the given statement is true.
To generate per unit MCS total income and sale price cannot serve as determinants.MCS is estimated by dividing the total income by the generation of total assemblies.Also, MCS is determined by dividing total cost by the total assemblies of products so that the cost per unit can be determined.Therefore without the quantity of production MCS cannot be determined.
To learn more about MCS, total revenue and selling price follow the link:
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The management of Mecca Copy, a photocopying center located on University Avenue, has compiled the following data to use in preparing its budgeted balance sheet for next year: Ending Balances Cash ? Accounts receivable $ 8,900 Supplies inventory $ 5,500 Equipment $ 38,000 Accumulated depreciation $ 15,400 Accounts payable $ 2,600 Common stock $ 5,000 Retained earnings ? The beginning balance of retained earnings was $25,000, net income is budgeted to be $21,100, and dividends are budgeted to be $3,500.
Answer:
Mecca Copy
Budgeted Balance Sheet
Assets
Current assets:
Cash 13200
Accounts receivable 8900
Supplies inventory 5500
Total current assets 27600
Plant and equipment:
Equipment 38000
Accumulated depreciation (15400)
Plant and equipment, net 22600
Total assets 50200
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable 2600
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock 5000
Retained earnings 42600
Total stockholders' equity 47600
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 50200
Note: Retained earnings = beginning balance of retained earnings + Net income - Dividend
= 25,000 + 21100 - 3500
= 42,600
According to the producer price index database maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average cost of computer equipment fell 3.8 percent between January and December 2016. Let's see whether these changes are reflected in the income statement of Computer Tycoon Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2016.
2016 2015
Sales Revenue $ 109,000 $ 133,500
Cost of Goods Sold 64,500 75,100
Gross Profit 44,500 58,400
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses 36,900 38,800
Interest Expense 590 520
Income before Income Tax Expense 7,010 19,080
Income Tax Expense 1,500 5,900
Net Income $ 5,510 $ 13,180
Required:
1. Compute the times interest earned ratios for 2016 and 2015. (Round your answers to 1 decimal place.) Times Interest Earned 2015 2016
2. Does Computer Tycoon generate sufficient net income in both years before taxes and interest) to cover the cost of debt financing?
a. Yes
b. No
Answer:
A.
2015 37.7
2016 12.9
B. Yes
Explanation:
Computation of the times interest earned ratios for 2016 and 2015
First step is to find the EBIT
EBIT: 2016 $ 2015 $
Gross profit 44,500 58,400
Less Selling, General and Administrative expenses (36,900) (38,800)
EBIT 7,600 19,600
Second step is to compute the times interest earned ratios for 2016 and 2015 using this formula
Time interest earned = EBIT / Interest expense
Let plug in the formula
Time interest earned 2016 2015
EBIT $7,600 $19,600
÷Interest expense $590 $520
=Time interest earned 12.9 37.7
Therefore the Time interest earned will be :
2015 37.7
2016 12.9
2. Yes Computer Tycoon generate sufficient net income in both 2015 and 2016 before taxes and interest in order to cover the cost of debt financing.
Child Play Inc. manufactures electronic toys within a relevant range of 20,000 to 150,000 toys per year. Within this range, the following partially completed manufacturing cost schedule has been prepared: Complete the cost schedule. When computing the cost per unit, round to two decimal places.
Toys produced 40,000 80,000 120,000
Total costs:
Total variable costs $720,000 d. $ j. $
Total fixed costs 600,000 e. k.
Total costs $1,320,000 f. $ l. $
Cost per Unit
Variable cost per unit a. $ g. $ m. $
Fixed cost per unit b. h. n.
Total cost per unit c. $ i. $ o. $
Answer:
Toys produced 40,000 80,000 120,000
Total costs:
Total variable costs $720,000 $1,440,000 $2,160,000
Total fixed costs $600,000 $600,000 $600,000
Total costs $1,320,000 $2,040,000 $2,760,000
Cost per Unit
Variable cost $18 $18 $18
Fixed cost $15 $7.50 $5
Total cost $33 $25.50 $23
Fixed costs do not change with total output, they are the same regardless so the number of units produced. Variable costs change proportionally to any change in total output. If total output increases, variable costs will increase.
Messing Company has their own credit card and makes a credit sale on February 1 to one of its customers for $5,000. Prepare the February 1 journal entry for Messing Company by selecting the account names from the drop-down menus and entering the dollar amounts in the debit or credit columns.
Answer:
February 1
DR Accounts Receivable.......................................$5,000
CR Sales........................................................................................$5,000
(To record sales on credit)
The credit card was that of Messing company itself.
A customer buys a variable annuity and elects a payout option of Life Income with a 20 year period certain. This means that payments will continue for:
Answer:
the annuitant's life, but if he dies before 20 years elapse, payments continue to his heir(s)
Explanation:
An annuity life payment is a financial option that continues until the annuitant dies. a lump sum payment is made by this annuitant which he uses in securing a payout option of Life Income with a 20 year period certain . This annuity would continues for as long as the customer or annuitant is alive, but if he dies before that certain period, Someone else, that is a beneficiary or heir would be entitled to the payment until that period of 20 years elapses.
Write a detailed note on Manufacturing Process types and Service process types in process design?
Answer:
Each of the process are used to the crosses organizational borders.
Explanation:
Process structure of manufacturing:
Job process: It is highly adaptable, scaled operation and structured around particular events. Batch process: It most common used in industries. It is small to large batches. Line process: It is the repetitive process and have modular production with large quantity. Continuous flow chart: It is product focused process. It processed only one item at a time.Process design: There are three major process of design
Professional service designMass service designService shop designIn Macroland autonomous consumption equals 100, the marginal propensity to consume equals 0.75, net taxes are fixed at 40, planned investment is fixed at 50, government purchases are fixed at 150, and net exports are fixed at 20. Planned aggregate expenditure equals:________a.1,000. b.1,160. c.1,280. d.1,440.
Answer:
b) $1,160
Explanation:
From the above information,
I=Investment = 50
G=Government expenditure = 150
X=Net export = 20
a=autonomous consumption = 100
b=Marginal propensity to consume = 0.75
Y=Equilibrium GDP
C = consumption ;
C = 100 + 0.75Y (Y income - 40 taxes)
Planned aggregate expenditure (PAE)
PAE = C + l +G +X
Substituting for C in the above equation,
PAE = 100 + 0.75 (Y - 40) + 50 + 150+ 20
= 100 + 0.75Y -30 + 50 + 150 + 20
= 290 + 0.75Y
Since short run exists when Y = PAE
Therefore,
Y = 290 + 0.75Y
Collect like terms
Y - 0.75Y = 290
0.25Y =290
Y = 290/0.25
Y = 1,160
The Securities and Exchange Commission requires companies listing on the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Stock Market to have codes of ethics. A code of ethics is
Answer:
A Code of Ethics are a set of guidelines that helps the member in distinguishing right and wrong and always following the guidelines that protects the interest of profession and stakeholders.
Explanation:
Basically these Ethical codes are set of guidelines that helps the entities and professionals to acknowledge what is expected from them and what are their responsibilities. Usually every reputable profession and organizations adopt code of ethics to encourage and enforce ethical practices in decision making process.
Answer:
Answer:
A Code of Ethics are a set of guidelines that helps the member in distinguishing right and wrong and always following the guidelines that protects the interest of profession and stakeholders.
Explanation:
Basically these Ethical codes are set of guidelines that helps the entities and professionals to acknowledge what is expected from them and what are their responsibilities. Usually every reputable profession and organizations adopt code of ethics to encourage and enforce ethical practices in decision making process.
Explanation:
Use information from the Washington Post article "Why We've Been Hugely Underestimating the Overfishing of the Oceans" to determine whether each statement is true or false.
a. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), worldwide catches peaked in 2001 at 86 million tons.
b. Using catch reconstruction, researchers estimate that the actual peak catch was 50% larger than the reported peak catch.
c, Catch reconstruction shows that, since the peak, catches have been increasing, not decreasing as previously reported.
d. The Sea Around Us Project found several problems with the FAO data, such as the fact that data that were not available were reported as catches of zero fish.
Answer:
"Why We've Been Hugely Underestimating the Overfishing of the Oceans"
Determining whether each statement is true or false:
a. False
b. True
c. False
d. True
Explanation:
The article "Why We've Been Hugely Underestimating the Overfishing of the Oceans," was published by the Washington Post on January 19, 2016. It was written by Chelsea Harvey. It tried to show how the world fish stock had been declining due to overfishing. This is why it provided a report contrary to the FAO report.
While the FAO report noted that the peak of worldwide catches was at 86 million tons in 1996, the contrary and independent report, using "catch reconstruction" showed that the peak was at 130 million tons in 1996. The reconstructed research also showed that worldwide fish catches had suffered declines ever since the 1996 peak, thereby threatening "world food security and marine ecosystems". The contrary report also suggested that all stakeholders must collaborate so that fish stocks can rebuild naturally.
Farmers and ranchers are considered to be part of the ________ which is the subdivision of the food industry that produces agricultural commodities.
Answer: producers sector
Explanation:
Farmers, rancher, and so on are part of the producers sector of the food industry where they engage in the production of raw food, fiber, and other agricultural products or commodities. In the case of farmers, they work the land and/or keep livestock, especially on the farm. Ranchers operate large plots of land for raising cattle, sheep or other livestock.
other major sectors of the food industry would include: -Farm Service , Processors , and Marketers.
Parilo Company acquired $170,000 of Makofske Co., 5% bonds on May 1, 2016, at their face amount. Interest is paid semiannually on May 1 and November 1. On November 1, 2016, Parilo Company sold $50,000 of the bonds for 96.
Journalize entries to record the following (refer to the Chart of Accounts for exact wording of account titles):
May 1 Initial acquisition of the bonds
Nov. 1 Semiannual interest received
1 Sale of the bonds
Dec. 31 Accrual of $1,000 interest
Answer:
May 1, 2016
DR Investments Bonds.................................$170,000
CR Cash ...........................................................................$170,000
(To record acquisition of bonds)
Nov 1, 2016
DR Cash............................................................$4,250
CR Interest Revenue......................................................$4,250
(To record interest received)
Working
Cash = $170,000*5%*6/12
= $4,250
Nov 1, 2016
DR Cash........................................................... $48,000
DR Loss on sale of investment...................... $2,000
CR Investment Bonds .....................................................$50,000
(To record sales of bonds)
Working
Cash = $50,000*0.96
= $48,000
Loss on investment = 50,000 - 48,000
= $2,000
Dec 31, 2016
DR Interest receivable........................................$1,000
CR Interest revenue...........................................................$1,000
Tyler Company applies manufacturing overhead to production at the rate of $4.9 per direct labor hour and ended August with $12,900 underapplied overhead. Actual manufacturing overhead incurred for August amounted to $110,410.
How many direct labor hours did Tyler Company incur during August?
Answer: 19,900 hours
Explanation:
Direct Labor hours = Applied Manufacturing Overhead/ Applied Overhead rate per hour
Applied Manufacturing Overhead
When the overhead is said to be under-applied, the Applied overhead is less than the Actual Overhead.
To find the Applied overhead therefore;
= Actual Overhead - Under-applied amount
= 110,410 - 12,900
= $97,510
Direct Labor hours = Applied Manufacturing Overhead/ Applied Overhead rate per hour
= 97,510/4.9
= 19,900 hours
A Missouri job shop has four departments machining (M), dipping in a chemical bath (D), finishing (F), and plating (P) assigned to four work areas. The operations manager, Mary Marrs, has gathered the following data for the movement of material. The number of workpieces moved yearly between work areas are:
M D F P
M - 800 2,000 200
D - - 400 400
F - - - 2,000
P - - - -
It costs $0.75 to move 1 workpiece 1 foot in the job shop. For the layout design of the job shop,
LAYOUT PLAN A:
Distance between work areas (departments) in feet:
M D F P
M - 21 12 8
D - - 5 10
F - - - 4
P - - - -
The yearly total material handling cost of the current layout presented in PLAN A_____________.
Answer: Find the answer in the attached file
Explanation:
Busch Company has these obligations at December 31. For each obligation, indicate whether it should be classified as a current liability, long-term liability, or both. (a) A note payable for $100,000 due in 2 years. select a balance sheet section (b) A 10-year mortgage payable of $200,000 payable in ten $20,000 annual payments. select a balance sheet section (c) Interest payable of $15,000 on the mortgage. select a balance sheet section (d) Accounts payable of $60,000. select a balance sheet section
Answer:
Busch Company
Indication of whether the obligation be classified as a current liability, long-term liability, or both:
(a) A note payable for $100,000 due in 2 years. Long-term Liability
(b) A 10-year mortgage payable of $200,000 payable in ten $20,000 annual payments. Both.
Every year, $20,000 would be classified as Current Liability while the remaining balance is long-term liabilities.
(c) Interest payable of $15,000 on the mortgage. Both
If the interest payable is to be settled at the end of the mortgage, then it is classified as only long-term.
(d) Accounts payable of $60,000. Current Liability
Explanation:
Busch's current liabilities are financial obligations that are due for settlement within the next accounting period of 12 months or less.
The long-term liabilities of Busch Company are those financial obligations that are not due for settlement within the next accounting period.
For some long-term liabilities, Busch may settle some part within 12 months. That part that can be settled within the accounting period are classified as current while the other parts are non-current.
Choose the statement that is incorrect.
A. In the long run, a rise in the foreign price level brings dollar appreciation and a rise in the U.S. price level brings dollar depreciation.
B. In the long run, a change in the nominal exchange rate brings an equivalent change in the real exchange rate.
C. In the long run, the nominal exchange rate is a monetary phenomenon.
D. In the long run, the nominal exchange rate is determined by the quantities of money in two countries.
Answer:
B. In the long run, a change in the nominal exchange rate brings an equivalent change in the real exchange rate.
Explanation:
As we know that in the short run there is a decline in the nominal exchange that results in a decrease of real exchange rate due to which there is a reduction of the import and the export is risen.
But in the case of the long run, if there is a change in the nominal exchange rate so the real exchange rate would remain the same
This results that if there is a change in the nominal exchange rate so it would not bring the equal change in the real exchange rate
Hence, option B is incorrect
An exchange-rate policy in which the government usually allows the exchange rate to be set by the market, but sometimes intervenes is called a __________________ exchange rate system.
Answer: Managed Float
Explanation:
Also called "Dirty Float", the Managed float is an exchange rate system that allows for the currency of a country to be set by the forces of demand and supply in the market.
However, unlike in a clean float, the Central bank will occasionally intervene in the market to influence the how fast the currency is changing value or to control the direction it is going.
This is usually done to protect the domestic economy from sudden shocks in the global economy.
A sole proprietor owned an office building with a cost of $300,000 and accumulated depreciation of $40,000, using modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) straight-line depreciation. In the current year, she sold the building for $320,000. What is the unrecaptured Section 1250 gain from this sale, if any
Answer:
The Correct Answer:
$40,000
Explanation:
IRC Section 1250 requires that excess depreciation (actual depreciation in excess of straight-line depreciation) be recaptured as ordinary income. Since the property has sold for more than the adjusted basis ($300,000 − $40,000 = $260,000 adjusted basis), the initial gains are recaptured based on the original purchase price of $300,000.
This makes the first $40,000 of the profit subject to the unrecaptured Section 1250 gain while the remaining $20,000 is considered regular long-term capital gains.
The Bathtub Division of Kirk Plumbing Corporation has recently approached the Faucet Division with a proposal. The Bathtub Division would like to make a special "ivory" tub with gold-plated fixtures for the company's 50-year anniversary. It would make only 5,000 of these units. It would like the Faucet Division to make the fixtures and provide them to the Bathtub Division at a transfer price of $160. If sold externally, the estimated variable cost per unit would be $140. However, by selling internally, the Faucet Division would save $6 per unit on variable selling expenses. The Faucet Division is currently operating at full capacity. Its standard unit sells for $43 per unit and has variable costs of $25.
Required:
Compute the minimum transfer price that the Faucet Division should be willing to accept, and discuss whether it should accept this offer.
Answer:
Minimum transfer price = $152
Explanation:
The minimum transfer price can be calculated by Adding variable cost and the contribution margin lost
Minimum transfer price = Variable cost + Contribution margin lost
Minimum transfer price = $134 + $18
Minimum transfer price = $152
Working
Variable cost = $140 -$6(saving) = $134
Contribution margin lost = Selling price - variable cost per unit
Contribution margin lost = $43 - $25
Contribution margin lost = $18
Decision: The offer should be accepted because the minimum transfer price of $152 is less than $160
A regulated Natural Monopoly is more likely to advertise freely under which of the following types of regulation?
a) price regulation
b) profit regulation
c) output regulation
d) social regulation
Answer:
A
I took the quiz
Explanation:
Lott Company uses a job order cost system and applies overhead to production on the basis of direct labor costs. On January 1, 2020, Job 50 was the only job in process. The costs incurred prior to January 1 on this job were as follows: direct materials $21,200, direct labor $12,720, and manufacturing overhead $16,960. As of January 1, Job 49 had been completed at a cost of $95,400 and was part of finished goods inventory. There was a $15,900 balance in the Raw Materials Inventory account.
During the month of January, Lott Company began production on Jobs 51 and 52, and completed Jobs 50 and 51. Jobs 49 and 50 were also sold on account during the month for $129,320 and $167,480, respectively. The following additional events occurred during the month.
1. Purchased additional raw materials of $95,400 on account.
2. Incurred factory labor costs of $74,200. Of this amount $16,960 related to employer payroll taxes.
3. Incurred manufacturing overhead costs as follows:
Indirect materials $18,020
Indirect labor $21,200
Depreciation expense on equipment $12,720
Various other manufacturing overhead costs on account $16,960.
4. Assigned direct materials and direct labor to jobs as follows.
Job No. Direct Materials Direct Labor
50 $10,600 $5,300
51 41,340 26,500
52 31,800 21,200
Calculate the predetermined overhead rate for 2020, assuming Lott Company estimates total manufacturing overhead costs of $ 882,000, direct labor costs of $735,000, and direct labor hours of 21,000 for the year.
Answer:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $1.2 per direct labor dollar
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Company estimates total manufacturing overhead costs of $882,000 and, direct labor costs of $735,000
To calculate the predetermined overhead rate, we need to use the following formula:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= 882,000/735,000
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $1.2 per direct labor dollar
All-Mart Discount Stores Corporation contracts to buy ten acres from Suburban Enterprises, Inc., as a site for a new store. The contract calls for a "warranty deed." According to a survey that All-Mart commissions, one corner of an adjacent, enclosed parking lot is on part of the property that Suburban is attempting to convey. Can All-Mart avoid the contract? If so, on what basis? If not, why not?
Answer:
All-Mart can avoid the contract since it didn't meet their specification for the siting of their new store which they planned for. The warranty deed which they called for was to ensure that, all land purchased has guarantee that it would not become an issue for them in the future.
Since one part is an enclosed parking lot which is a public property that Suburban is trying to sell to them, the best would be to avoid it.
Explanation:
George Bailey purchased equipment from M. Potter for $450,000, paying $35,000 cash as a down payment and financing the remainder. The correct journal entry to record this event is:
Answer:
Equipment $450,000 (debit)
Cash $35,000 (credit)
Suppliers Loan $415,000 (credit)
Explanation:
George Bailey must recognize the Asset of Equipment, de-recognize the Assets of Cash and recognize the Suppliers Loan as above.
Cost recovery. Richardses' Tree Farm, Inc. purchased a new aerial tree trimmer for $. It is classified in the property class category of a single-purpose agricultural and horticultural structure. Then the company sold the tree trimmer after four years of service. If a seven-year life and MACRS, LOADING..., was used for the depreciation schedule, what is the after-tax cash flow from the sale of the trimmer (use a % tax rate) if a. the sales price was $? b. the sales price was $? c. the sales price was $? a. If the sales price is $, what is the after-tax cash flow?
Answer:
after tax cash flow = $29,512.32
Explanation:
the numbers are missing in this question:
purchase cost = $82,000
tax rate = 40%
selling price at end of year 4 = $32,000
MACRS 7 year depreciation schedule:
year % depreciation expense carrying value
1 14.29% $11,717.80 $70,282.20
2 24.29% $19,917.80 $50,364.40
3 17.49% $14,341.80 $36,022.60
4 12.49% $10,241.80 $25,780.80
after tax cash flow = $32,000 - [($32,000 - $25,780.80) x 40%] = $32,000 - $2,487.68 = $29,512.32
MicroTech Corporation maintains a capital structure of 40 percent debt and 60 percent common equity. To finance its capital budget for next year, the firm will sell 11% coupon bonds at par value (assume no flotation costs). The firm will finance the rest of its capital expenditures with retained earnings. MicroTech expects next year's dividend to be $1.30 per share. Dividends are expected to grow at 7% per year for the foreseeable future. The current market value of MicroTech's common stock is $30 per share. If the firm has a corporate tax rate of 21%, what is its weighted cost of capital for next year?
Answer:
weighted cost of capital for next year is 10.27 %.
Explanation:
Weighted cost of capital = Ke × (E/V) + Kd × (D/V)
Ke = Cost of Equity
= Dividend Yield + Expected growth rate
= $1.30 / $30.00 + 0.07
= 0.11333 or 11.33 %
Kd = Cost of Debt
= Interest × (1 - tax rate)
= 11% × ( 1 - 0.21)
= 8.69 %
Weighted cost of capital = 11.33 % × 60% + 8.69 % × 40%
= 10.27 %
The EOQ model assumes inventory: Multiple Choice can be delivered immediately upon order. is sold at a steady rate until it is depleted. will be available just as it is needed for production. is held at a constant level. has seasonal fluctuations.
Answer:
is sold at a steady rate until it is depleted
Explanation:
The EOQ means Economic order quantity that refers to a quantity which the company should purchase for its inventory
In this order quantity, the carrying cost and the ordering cost are equivalent to each other
Also we assume that the demand would remain the same and the inventory should be depleted at a fixed rate unless it reaches to a zero
Hence, the second option is correct
Kosher Pickle Company acquires all the outstanding stock of Midwest Produce for $12.5 million. The fair value of Midwest's assets is $8.5 million. The fair value of Midwest's liabilities is $1.3 million. Calculate the amount paid for goodwill
Answer:
$5.3 million
Explanation:
Kosher pickle company acquires outstanding stock of Midwest produce for $12.5 million
Fair value of Midwest assets is $8.5 million
Fair value of Midwest liabilities is $1.3 million
The first step is to calculate the fair value of net identifiable assets
= $8.5 million-$1.3 million
=7.2 million
Therefore, the amount paid for goodwill can be calculated as follows
= $12.5 million-$7.2 million
= $5.3 million
Hence the amount paid for goodwill is $5.3 million
Carla Vista Enterprises buys back 600,000 shares of its stock from investors at $6.50 a share. Two years later, it reissues this stock for $6.00 a share. The stock reissue would be recorded with a debit to Cash for:
Answer:
The stock reissue would be recorded with a debit to Cash for $3,600,000, a debit to additional Paid in capital $300,000 and Credit to treasury stock $3,900,000
Explanation:
Description Debit$ Credit$
Cash 3,600,000
(600,000 * $6.00)
Additional Paid in capital 300,000
(600,000 x $0.50)
Treasury stock 3,900,000
(600,000 * 6.50)
A firm has a required return of 14.2% and a beta of 1.63. If the risk-free rate is currently 5.4%, what is the expected return to the market? Assume that CAPM is correct.
Answer:
10.8%
Explanation:
Required rate of return = Risk free rate + Beta x ( Expected rate - Risk free rate )
14.2% = 5.4% + 1.63 x ( market rate - 5.4% )
14.2% - 5.4% = 1.63 x ( market rate - 5.4% )
8.8% / 1.63 = market rate - 5.4%
5.4% = market rate - 5.4%
Market rate = 5.4% + 5.4%
Market rate = 10.8%
Market rate = 10.8%
Key facts and assumptions concerning Kroger Company, at December 12, 2007, appear below. Using this information, answer the questions following.
Facts and Assumptions
Yield to maturity on long-term government bonds 4.54%
Yield to maturity on company long-term bonds 6.32%
Coupon rate on company long-term bonds 7.50%
Market price of risk, or risk premium 6.30%
Estimated company equity beta 1.05
Stock price per share $ 25.97
Number of shares outstanding 681.2 million
Book value of equity $ 4,965 million
Book value of interest-bearing debt $ 6,674 million
Tax rate 35.0%
a. Estimate Kroger's cost of equity capital.
b. Estimate Kroger's weighted-average cost of capital. Prepare a spreadsheet or table showing the relevant variables.
Answer:
a. 11.16 %
b. 7.56 %
Explanation:
Cost of equity capital is the return that is required by Common Stockholders.
This can be determined as follows :
1. Growth Model
Cost of equity = Recent dividend / Market Price of Share + Expected Growth Rate
or
2. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
Cost of equity = Return on Risk Free Security + Beta × Return on Market Portfolio Security
= 4.54% + 1.05 × 6.30%
= 11.16 %
WACC = Ke × (E/V) + Kd × (D/V) +Kp × (P/V)
Explanation and value of Variables
Ke = Cost of Equity
= 11.16 %
E/V = Weight of Equity
= $ 4,965 ÷ ( $ 4,965 + $ 6,674)
= 42.66 %
Kd = Cost of Debt :
= Interest × (1 - tax rate)
= 7.50% × ( 1 - 0.35)
= 4.875 or 4.88 %
D/V = Weight of Debt
= $ 6,674 ÷ ( $ 4,965 + $ 6,674)
= 57.34 %
Therefore,
WACC = 11.16 % × 42.66 % + 4.88 % × 57.34 %
= 7.56 %
An investment adviser places large block trades for securities positions that are being purchased for its customers' accounts in order to lower its commission costs. The trades are often executed piecemeal, at different prices. The adviser, after being confirmed that the entire block has been filled, allocates the shares to its accounts. As a favor to its most valuable employees, the adviser allocates the shares purchased at the lowest prices to its employees' accounts; and then allocates the remaining shares to its customer accounts pro-rata. The adviser has disclosed its allocation method only to its employees. Which statement is TRUE
Answer: The investment adviser has breached its fiduciary duty because it has not disclosed its method of allocating shares to its customers
Explanation:
The options to the question are:
a. The investment adviser has breached its fiduciary duty to its customers because the block order must be executed at one price, not in pieces at differing prices
b. The investment adviser has breached its fiduciary duty because it has not disclosed its method of allocating shares to its customers
c. The investment adviser has not breached its fiduciary duty because it has disclosed its method of allocating shares to its employees
d. The investment adviser has not breached its fiduciary duty to customers because it has obtained trade executions for customers at lower commission costs.
Based on the scenario in the question, it should be noted that the investment adviser has breached its fiduciary duty because it has not disclosed its method of allocating shares to its customers.
Fiduciary duty is a legal obligation whereby a party has to work in the best interest of the other party and should also be trustworthy but in this situation, this isn't thw case.
