Krystal is 47 years old and single. She is a high school principal, making $75,000 a year. She currently owns a 401(k) valued at $85,000. Krystal would like to retire at age 65 with $1.2 million in her retirement nest egg. She plans to contribute $12,000 a year to her retirement fund, growing at 10%.Required:a. Will Krystal reach her goal? Justify your answer by using the Investment Calculator on Foundations U b. If she won't reach her goal, what needs to change in order for her to reach it? c. Is it really possible to get 10% growth in an investment fund? How?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a) Krystal's account balance when she is 65:

$75,000 x (1 + 10%)¹⁸ = $416,993.80

$12,000 x 45.599 (FV annuity factor, 10%, 18 periods) = $547,188

total account balance = $964,181.80

Krystal will not reach her goal.

b) she need to save $1,200,000 - $964,181.80 = $235,818.20

she will need to save an extra $235,818.20 / 45.599 = $5,171.57 per year

her total contributions per year = $12,000 + $5,171.57 = $17,171.57

c) The historical growth rate of the S&P 500 is 12%, so it is really possible to earn at least 10%. Maybe the stock market is not going well right now, but you must remember that retirement accounts are long term accounts and last for many years. The market will have time to bounce back.


Related Questions

A project has estimated annual net cash flows of $56,600. It is estimated to cost $339,600.

Required:
Determine the cash payback period.

Answers

Answer:

It will take exactly 6 full years to cover for the initial investment.

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Cash flow= $56,600

Initial investment= 339,600

The payback period is the time required for the cash flow to cover the initial investment:

Year 1= 56,600 - 339,600= -283,000

Year 2= 56,600 - 283,000= -226,400

Year 3= 56,600 - 226,400= -169,800

Year 4= 56,600 - 169,800= -113,200

Year 5= 56,600 - 113,200= -56,600

Year 6= 56,600 - 56,600= 0

It will take exactly 6 full years to cover for the initial investment.

What was the ratio of per capita income in each of the following countries to that in the United States in the year 2010:

a. Ethiopia
b. Mexico
c. India
d. Japan

Answers

Answer:

For   Countries (per capita)          United States of America (per capita)

Ethiopia:        

$380                                               $48,468

Mexico:                                          

$9,271                                             $48,468

India:

$1,358                                             $48,468

Japan:

$44,508                                          $48,468

Explanation:

Ratio per Capita also known as Gross Domestic Product per Capita (GDP Capita) is the monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period within the country in view. It is useful for comparing national economies of different countries on the international market.

A stock has an expected return of 13.5 percent, its beta is 1.40, and the expected return on the market is 11.5 percent. What must the risk-free rate be? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

Answers

Answer:

The risk free rate is 6.50%

Explanation:

The required rate of return is the minimum return that investors demand/expect on a stock based on the systematic risk of the stock as given by the beta. The expected or required rate of return on a stock can be calculated using the CAPM equation.

The equation is,

r = rRF + Beta * (rM - rRF)

Where,

rRF is the risk free rate rM is the return on market

As we know the figures for r, Beta and rM, we will input these figures in the equation to calculate risk free rate.

Let risk free rate be x.

0.135 = x + 1.4 * (0.115 - x)

0.135 = x + 0.161 - 1.4x

0.135 - 0.161  =  x - 1.4x

-0.026  =  -0.4x

-0.026 / -0.4 = x

x =  0.065 or 6.50%

r = 0.1475 or 14.75%

Sheffield Auto Supply does not segregate sales and sales taxes at the time of sale. The register total for March 16 is $19,902. All sales are subject to a 7% sales tax. Compute sales taxes payable. Sales taxes payable

Answers

Answer:

Sales tax = Total sales / 100 + Sales Tax rate * Sales Tax rate

Sales tax = {$19,902 / (100 + 7)} * 7

Sales tax = ($19,902 / 107) * 7

Sales tax = $1,302

Date   Account Title and Explanation     Debit       Credit

           Cash                                               $19,902

                Sales Tax payable                                      $1,302

                 Sales revenue                                            $18,600

                 ($19,902 / 107 * 100)

           (To record sales and sales taxes payable)

Answer:

1,302

Explanation:

Sales without tax x (100%+sales tax rate) = sales with tax

sales without tax x 1.07 (100%+7%) = 19902

sales without tax = 19902/1.07

sales without tax = 18600

sales with tax - sales without tax = sales tax payable

19902 - 18600 = 1302

United Apparel has the following balances in its stockholders’ equity accounts on December 31, 2018: Treasury Stock, $650,000; Common Stock, $400,000; Preferred Stock, $1,600,000; Retained Earnings, $1,200,000; and Additional Paid-in Capital, $6,800,000. Required: Prepare the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet for United Apparel as of December 31, 2018

Answers

Answer:

United Apparel Balance sheet as of December 31, 2018

Stockholders’ Equity section

Common Stock Capital ............................................$400,000

Preferred Stock Capital.............................................$1,600,000

Additional Paid-in Capital..........................................$6,800,000

Total Paid-in Capital....................................................$8,800,000‬

Retained Earnings.......................................................$1,200,000

Less: Treasury Stock...................................................($650,000)

Total Stockholders Equity..........................................$9,350,000

A project requires an initial investment of $10 million today. If the cost of capital exceeds the project IRR, then the project must have a(n):

Answers

Answer:

Negative NPV.

Explanation:

present value of cost exceeds present value of revenue that is been assumed in the investment plan of the said company/firm.

Net Present Value describes one of the discounted techniques of cash flow used in capital budget to determining the viability of a project or an investment. It is seen to have a huge difference between the present flow of the firms; which is cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time. Experts has tagged its primary advantage to be that it is seen to considers the concept of the time value of money.

The minimum desired rate of return for net present value analysis is 12%. The present value of $1 at compound interest of 12% for 1, 2, 3, and 4 years is 0.893, 0.797, 0.712, and 0.636, respectively. Determine the net present value. $

Answers

Answer: $18,848

Explanation:

The Net Present Value of a project is the difference between the present values of the cash outflows and inflows.

Present Values of the Cash flows;

Year 1

= 150,000 * 0.893

= $133,950

Year 2

= 130,000 * 0.797

= $103,610

Year 3

=104,000 * 0.712

= $74,048

Year 4

= 90,000 * 0.636

= $57,240

Net Present Value = Cash inflows - Outflow

= 133,950 +103,610 + 74,048 + 57,240 - 350,000

= $18,848

The development manager is required to choose between two projects. Project A has an IRR of 25% and project B has an IRR of 30%. Which of the following statements is correct? A. If she can invest only in one project, the manager will choose project B B. None of the statements above is correct C. If she can invest only in one project, the manager will choose project A D. If she can invest in both projects, the manager will choose both projects A and B

Answers

Answer:

A

D

Explanation:

Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested.

Because the IRR of both projects are positive, both projects are acceptable.

If the manager can only choose one project, she should choose the one with the higher IRR because it would be more profitable.

A single-channel queuing system has an average service time of eight minutes and an average time between arrivals of 10 minutes. The arrival rate is: Group of answer choices 10 per hour. 12.5 per hour. 6 per hour. 7.5 per hour. 8 per hour.

Answers

The correct answer is B. 6 per hour

Explanation:

The term "arrival rate" refers to the number of customers that arrive at a business during a specific time such as an hour or a day. This is determined by how often customers arrive or the time between arrivals. This concept complements the service rate, which refers to the customers that receive a service during a period of time.

In the case presented, it is known the time between arrivals is 10 minutes, this means it is expected every 10 minutes a new customer arrives. Based on this, each hour the business can expect a total of 6 customers as 60 minutes divided by 10 (time between arrivals) = 6 customers. Thus, the rate of arrival is 6 per hour.

_____ is a method for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project and the resulting annual cash flow.

Answers

Answer:

Cash flow analysis, is the right answer.

Explanation:

“Cash flow analysis” is the method that determined the actual cash that goes out of the business and the actual cash that comes in the business. Basically this method is used for financial purposes. This method exhibits the actual cost that the business has incurred and the actual benefit it has earned. Moreover, new investors that invest in the company primarily sees the financial report of the company and then take the decision to invest.

The federal gas tax has been stuck at 18.4cents¢ a gallon since 1993.​ Today, Americans are driving fewer​ miles, and vehicles have become more​ fuel-efficient. Less gas consumption means less​ gas-tax revenue to repair the​ nation's roads. ​Source: Bloomberg News​, July​ 17, 2014 Would a tax per mile driven by more efficient or less efficient than a tax per gallon of​ gasoline? Which tax would be more​ regressive? Explain your answers.

Answers

Answer:

1. A Tax per mile driven would be more efficient than a tax per gallon of gasoline.

2. A tax per gallon of gasoline is more regressive.  The tax is based on a fixed dollar per gallon since 1993.  instead of being based on a percentage per the price of gasoline per gallon.  With the current rate, the price of gasoline per gallon may even be less than the tax.  One can then ask, "what is the purpose of the tax?"  Is the tax a road tax or a per gallon use tax?

Explanation:

When the federal gas tax remains at 18.4 cents per gallon for a very long period, the tax can be described as regressive as it does not take into consideration the trend that Americans are driving fewer miles, and vehicles have become more fuel-efficient.  This means that the gas tax is not fit for purpose.  If its purpose is to generate revenue for road repairs, then instead of a gallon tax, government should institute a road use tax.

A survey of entrepreneurs focused on their job characteristics, work habits, social activities, leisure time, etc. One question put to each entrepreneur was, "What make of car (U.S., Europe, or Japan) do you drive

Answers

Answer: Hello below is the complete question

A survey of entrepreneurs focused on their job characteristics, work habits, social activities, leisure time, etc. One question put to each entrepreneur was, "What make of car (U.S., Europe, or Japan) do you drive?" The responses (number in each category) for a sample of 100 entrepreneurs are summarized below. The goal of the analysis is to determine if the proportions of entrepreneurs who drive American, European, and Japanese cars differ.

U.S. Europe Japan

40 35 25

In order to determine whether the true proportions in each response category differ, a one-way chi-square analysis should be conducted. Suppose the p-value for the test was calculated to be p=0.1738 . What is the appropriate conclusion to make when testing at α = 0.10?

Answer : The conclusion to be drawn is that We cannot reject the Null hypothesis if we use a one-way chi square analysis because at α = 0.1 from the chi-square  tabulated p-value = 0.584 while the calculated /given p-value is = 0.1738

Explanation:

Data given:

p-value = 0.1738

α = 0.10

sample size = 100

U.S cars = 40,      Europe cars = 35,   Japan cars = 25

The conclusion to be drawn is that We cannot reject the Null hypothesis if we use a one-way chi square analysis because at α = 0.1 from the chi-square  tabulated p-value = 0.584 while the calculated /given p-value is = 0.1738

Suppose the Baseball Hall of Fame in​ Cooperstown, New​ York, has approached World Wide Cards with a special order. The Hall of Fame wants to purchase 51,000 baseball card packs for a special promotional campaign and offers $0.33 per​ pack, a total of $16,830. World Wide Cards​'s total production cost is $0.53 per​ pack, as​ follows:Variable costs: Direct materials $0.13Direct labor 0.04Variable overhead 0.11Fixed overhead 0.25Total cost $0.53World Wide Cards has enough excess capacity to handle the special order. Required:Prepare an incremental analysis to determine whether World Wide Cards should accept the special sales order assuming fixed operating income from the special order.b. Now assume that the Hall of Fame wants special hologram baseball cards. World Wide Cards will spend $5,000 to develop this hologram, which will be useless after the special order is completed. Should World Wide Cards accept the special order under these circumstances, assuming no change in the special pricing of $0.33 per pack?

Answers

Answer:

I don't no friend this type of questions

Costs that are capitalized because they are expected to have future value are called product costs; costs that are expensed are called period costs. This classification is important because it affects the amount of costs expensed in the income statement and the amount of costs assigned to inventory on the balance sheet. Product costs are commonly made up of direct materials, direct labor, and overhead. Period costs include selling and administrative expenses.

A service company has which of the following costs

a. Direct Material
b. Overhead Costs
c. Product Costs
d. Expensed in the period incurred

Answers

Answer:

b. Overhead Costs

d. Expensed in the period incurred

Explanation:

-Direct material refers to the cost of the material used to manufacture a product.

-Overhead costs are the costs related to the operation of the business and they can't be assigned to a good or service.

-Product Costs are the costs to manufacture a product.

-Expensed in the period incurred are the period costs which are costs not related to the production of a good.

According to these definitions, a service company has the following costs: overhead costs and expensed in the period incurred because these are costs that are not related to the creation of a product.

On the other hand, the other options direct material and product costs are not right because these costs are directly related to products.

You want to save $98,000 to buy an boat by making an equal, end of year payment into a brokerage account for the next 9 years. If you expect to earn an annual interest rate of 7.75% on your account, how much do you need to deposit each year into your account?

Answers

Answer:

Annual deposit= $7,930.11

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

FV= $98,000

n= 9 years

i= 0.0775

To calculate the annual deposit, we need to use the following formula:

FV= {A*[(1+i)^n-1]}/i

A= annual deposit

Isolating A:

A= (FV*i)/{[(1+i)^n]-1}

A= (98,000*0.0775) / [(1.0775^9) - 1]

A= $7,930.11

Answer: $7,930

Explanation:

The payments are to be equal so this is an annuity. The expected value is to be $98,000 in 9 years so this is a future value of an Annuity.

The formula is;

FV = [tex]P * \frac{[1 + i]^n-1}{i}[/tex]

98,000 = [tex]P * \frac{[1 + 0.075]^9-1}{0.075}[/tex]

98,000 = P * 12.3581

P = 98,000/12.3581

P = $7,930

Assume that the government is currently balancing the national budget so that outlays equal tax revenue. Then the economy slips into recession, and the government decides to increase government spending by $50 billion. The government must pay for this by borrowing; it must sell $50 billion worth of Treasury bonds. As a result: Group of answer choices

Answers

Answer: b. be in deficit by at least $50 billion.

Explanation:

The Government budget had been balanced but it will now have to spend $50 billion more than it is making. This will mean that Government expenditure will rise by $50 billion over the tax revenue which will lead to a deficit of the same amount.

These are bonds however meaning that the Government would have to pay interest on the $50 billion. This will push the deficit owed to over $50 billion meaning that the Government would be in deficit of at least $50 billion.

A company makes cat food. Management is considering whether the hard cardboard box for packing a case of canned cat food should be made internally or purchased from another company. The costs of producing the cardboard boxes include:_________.
Variable cost per box $0.39
Total fixed costs of the factory $59,030 per year
Total boxes needed annually 21,962
Quote from the supplier, per box $0.22
How much will the company save (or lose) IN TOTAL if they accept the supplier's quote? If they lose money, put a negative sign in front of your answer. If they save money, just put in the number without any sign in front of it.

Answers

Answer:

Total relevant cost of     21,962 * $0.39   = $8,565.18

making internally

Less: Total relevant        21,962 * 0.22     = $4,831.64

cost of purchasing

Savings in cost                                            $3,733.54

Conclusion: Manufacturing the hard cardboard box internally will save cost of $3,733.54 as compared to cost of purchasing the same quantity of box needed from supplier.

Note: Fixed costs is not relevant cost as it is unavoidable.

Which of the following is concerned with the effect of exchange rate changes on individual transactions, most of which are short-term affairs that will be executed within a few weeks or months?

a. Purchasing power parity
b. Transaction exposure
c. Economic exposure
d. Translation exposure
e. Currency speculation

Answers

Answer: Transaction exposure

Explanation:

Transaction exposure, is a form of foreign exchange risk that is faced by the organizations that take part in international trade. It occurs when the fluctuation in exchange rate change a contracts value before it is settled.

It is concerned with the effect of exchange rate changes on individual transactions, most of which are short-term affairs that will be executed within a few weeks or months.

Buckson Framing's cost formula for its supplies cost is $1,350 per month plus $18 per frame. For the month of June, the company planned for activity of 716 frames, but the actual level of activity was 713 frames. The actual supplies cost for the month was $14,820. The supplies cost in the flexible budget for June would be closest to:

Answers

Answer:

c. $ 14,238

Explanation:

Computation of costs in the flexible budget

Planned activity                                                           716 units

Budgeted cost per unit                                              $ 18 per frame

Total planned variable cost - 716 units * $ 18            $ 12,888

Fixed monthly cost                                                      $   1,350        

Total supplies cost in  flexible budget for June      $ 14,238  

The other information regarding the actual costs and actual production are not required for determining the budgted cost for supplies.

In a concentrated network configuration:


a. firms perform a supply chain activity in one location and serve foreign locations from it

b. firms allow each site on the network to operate with full autonomy

c. firms tightly link operations and supply chain activities to one another

d. firms perform a supply chain activity in various countries

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Here, in this question, we are to select which of the options is best.

The correct answer to this question is that in a concentrated network configuration, firms allow each site on the network to operate with full autonomy.

What this means is that each site in the network operate independently of the other sites.

A site is thus an autonomous entity but still part of the concentrated network

The independent variable in the hypothesis "the longer a U.S. line worker has been employed at a U.S.-based assembly plant, the more difficult it is for that worker to find new employment when the assembly plant moves to Mexico" is _____ .

Answers

Answer:

Independent Variable

"The longer a U.S. line worker has been employed at a U.S.-based assembly plant..."

Explanation:

The independent variable is the element or variable that is independent of another variable.  In this case, "how difficult it is for the line worker to find new employment when the assembly plant moves to Mexico" a dependent variable, which depends on the length of time that the "U.S. line worker has been employed at a U.S.-based assembly plant," and not vice versa.

Effectiveness of a solution is equal to:_______

a. Quality of a Solution 20% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 80%
b. Quality of a Solution 80% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 20%
c. Quality of a Solution 10% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 90%
d. Quality of a Solution 90% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 10%
e. None of the above

Answers

Answer:

a. Quality of a Solution 20% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 80%

Explanation:

We say that a solution is effective i.e 100%, when it has a 20% of its quality and 80% of its acceptability.

A solution is effective when it has a 100% effect. The application of a solution to a problem which yields 100% effect is said to be effective and acceptable.

The scale used is the relationship given as:

Effectiveness of a solution = Quality of a Solution 20% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 80%

Financial capital markets bridge the gap between savers and investors: that is, they find ways to take the inflow of funds from many separate financial capital suppliers and transform it into the funds of financial capital demanders desire. Such financial markets include:_______

Answers

Answer: stocks, bank loans, bonds, and other financial investments.

Explanation:

A capital market is a financial market whereby lequity-backed securities are purchased by individuals or firms and also sold.

Financial capital markets bridge the gap between savers and investors: that is, they find ways to take the inflow of funds from many separate financial capital suppliers and transform it into the funds of financial capital demanders desire.

Such financial markets consists of stocks, bank loans, bonds, and other financial investments.

Niles believes that the reports are true and does not intend to deceive Prime Business, but does not check the reports before certifying them. Can Niles be held liable to Prime Business

Answers

The complete question is:

Niles, an accountant, certifies several audit reports on Optimal Operational Processes, Inc., Nile's client, knowing that the company intends to use the reports to borrow money from Prime Business Lending Company to buy new equipment. Niles believes that the reports are true and does not intend to deceive Prime Business, but does not check the reports before certifying them. Can Niles be held liable to Prime Business?

Answer:

Yes can be held liable

Explanation:

An accountant that certifies audits of a company is expected.to do his due diligence. In this scenario Niles believed that the reports are true without checking them.

This is an act of negligence on Nile's part and he can be held liable for damages resulting from the oversight.

The certified audit report is not only being used by Prime business but other third parties like investors and other stakeholders. Any of these can hold Mike's liable for any misleading information in the audit reports

Brunette Company is contemplating investing in a new piece of manufacturing machinery. The amount to be invested is $180,000. The present value of the future cash flows generated by the project is $163,000. Should they invest in this project?

Answers

Answer:

No,  as the net present value comes in negative

Explanation:

As we know that

Net present value = Present value of cash inflows - Initial investment

where,

Present value os $163,000

And, the initial investment is $180,000

Now placing these values to the above formula

So, the net present value is

= $163,000 - $180,000

= -$17,000

Therefore the company should not accept the project as net present value is in negative that is -$17,000

A company would like to evaluate two incentive schemes that take effect once the worker exceeds standard performance. In the first case the benefits are split 30% to the worker and 70% to the company up to 120% performance. If the worker exceeds 120% performance, all of the earnings go to the worker. In the second case, all earnings beyond standard performance are split 50/50 between the worker and the company.
a. Plot the earnings for each scheme.
b. Derive the equations for worker earnings and normalized unit labor costs for each scheme
c. Find the point at which the two plans break even.
d. Which do you think would the company prefer?

Answers

Answer:

B) plan 1 : worker earning  y = x - 0.14  ,  unit labor = [tex]\frac{x-(0.14)}{x}[/tex]

   plan 2 : worker earning y  = 0.5x + 0.5, unit labor = (0.5x + 0.5) / x

C) At 128%

D ) plan D IS PREFERABLE

Explanation:

In the first case Benefits are split : 30% to worker , 70% to company ( up to 120% ) performance

In the second case benefits 50% go to the worker and 50% go the company

B) The equations for worker earnings and normalized unit labor costs for each scheme

Plan 1 :

y  ( percentage earning of worker ) = 1

unit labor cost = Y / 1

y = 0 - 30

unit labor = 0.3 / x

y = x - 0.14  therefore unit labor = [tex]\frac{x-(0.14)}{x}[/tex]

plan 2 :

y  ( percentage earning of worker ) = 1,   y  = 0.5x + 0.5

unit labor cost :  Y / 1  =  (0.5x + 0.5) / x

C )  The point at which the two plans break even

0.5x + 0.5 = x - 0.14

0.5 + 0.14 = x - 0.5x

0.64 = x(1 - 0.5 )

x = 0.64 / 0.5 =  1.28 = 128%

D) The company would prefer plan 1

Faisal has in his savings account and can save an additional per year. If interest rates are​ 12%, how long will it take his savings to grow to ​?

Answers

Answer:

5 years and 4 months = 5.33 years

Explanation:

the question is incomplete and it is missing several numbers. I found the following question which I think is the complete:

"Faisal has $12,000 in his savings account and can save an additional $3600 per year. If interest rates are 12%, how long will it take his savings to grow to $47,000? "

by the end of year 1, Faisal will have:

$12,000 x (1 + 12%) = $13,440+ $3,600total = $17,040

by the end of year 2, Faisal will have:

$17,040 x (1 + 12%) = $19,084.80+ $3,600total = $22,684.80

by the end of year 3, Faisal will have:

$22,684.80 x (1 + 12%) = $25,406.98+ $3,600total = $29,066.98

by the end of year 4, Faisal will have:

$29,066.98 x (1 + 12%) = $32,487.81+ $3,600total = $36,087.81

by the end of year 5, Faisal will have:

$36,087.81 x (1 + 12%) = $40,418.35+ $3,600total = $44,018.35

Since Faisal is very close to his goal, we can calculate how much money he will have in 6 months:

in 5 years and 6 months, Faisal will have:

$44,018.35 x (1 + 6%) = $46,659.45+ $1,800total = $48,459.45

Faisal's savings are too high in 6 more months, so we can calculate in 3 more months instead:

in 5 years and 3 months, Faisal will have:

$44,018.35 x (1 + 3%) = $45,338.90+ $900total = $46,238.90

Faisal is just a little bit short:

in 5 years and 4 months, Faisal will have:

$44,018.35 x (1 + 43%) = $45,779.08+ $1,200total = $46,979.08

I guess we are close enough because in one more month he will have a significantly higher amount.

The ________ is the pipeline through which products, their ownership, communication, financing and payment, and risk flow to the consumer.

Answers

Answer: Marketing channel

Explanation: The marketing channel is simply the pipeline through which products, their ownership, communication, financing and payment, and risk flow to the consumer. It is defined as a set of interdependent organizations that help ease the transfer of ownership as products move from producer to business user or consumer thereby creating a continuous and seamless supply chain. They help facilitate the physical flow of goods through the supply chain,and in the marketing mix represents "place" or "distribution".

Telecom Systems can issue debt yielding 7 percent. The company is in a 30 percent bracket. What is its aftertax cost of debt

Answers

Answer:

After tax cost of debt = 0.049 or 4.9%

Explanation:

The after tax cost of debt is the rate of debt after deducting the benefit from tax savings due to interest payments required by the debt which are deductible before calculating tax. The after tax cost of debt is somewhat an effective cost of debt. It is calculated using the following formula,

After tax cost of debt = Cost of debt * (1 - tax rate)

After tax cost of debt = 0.07 * (1 - 0.3)

After tax cost of debt = 0.049 or 4.9%

An 85-year old risk averse investor is not happy about the minimal return she is earning on her current investments. She is stressed about having enough income because her cost of living has been increasing by more than 10% annually. Her current portfolio composition consists of:

40% Money Market Fund
50% Bonds
10% Equities
What changes should you suggest to her portfolio?


A. Reduce the Money Market Fund allocation by 10% (to 30%) and put the released funds in commodities such as gold
B. Reduce the Money Market Fund allocation by 30% (to 10%) and put the released funds in AAA-rated corporate bonds
C. Liquidate the entire Money Market Fund allocation and put the released funds in Equities, bringing that allocation up to 50%
D. Liquidate the entire Money Market Fund allocation and put the released funds in U.S. Treasury securities

Answers

Answer:

B. Reduce the Money Market Fund allocation by 30% (to 10%) and put the released funds in AAA-rated corporate bonds

Explanation:

First of all, since the investor is risk averse and cannot afford to lose money on any risky investment, she should change the mix of her investment portfolio but without increasing risks. Corporate bonds that are AAA-rated carry a very low risk and pay a little higher than money market funds. So a small decrease in money market fund assets and an increase in AAA-rated bonds should yield a slightly higher return.

Investing in equities would be too risky and US Treasuries pay even less interests than money market funds.

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