Many fast-food restaurants have soft drink dispensers with preset amounts, so that when the operator merely pushes a button for the desired rink the cup is automatically filled. This method apparently saves time and seems to increase worker productivity. A researcher randomly selects 9 workers from a restaurant with automatic dispensers and 9 works from a restaurant with manual dispensers. At a 1% significance level, use the Mann-Whitney U Test to test whether workers with automatic dispensers are significantly more productive.
Automatic (Group 1): 153, 128, 143, 110, 152, 168, 144, 137, 118
Manual (Group 2): 105, 118, 129, 114, 125, 117, 106, 92, 126
1. What is the alternative hypothesis for this study?
i. Worker productivity is higher with automatic dispensers.
ii. Automatic dispensers fill cups faster than manual dispensers.
iii. Worker productivity is lower with automatic dispensers.
iv. There is no difference in worker productivity between restaurants with automatic and manual dispensers.
2. What rank will be given to the observation value, 118 that is in both the automatic and manual groups? (Round answer to 1 decimal).
3. When rounding the U test statistic up to the next value, what is the p-value from the Mann Whitney Table of p-values? (Round to 4 decimal places)
4. What can be concluded from this study at a 1% significance level?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

ii

Step-by-step explanation:

you have to look and read it it comes simple


Related Questions

A poll of 2,060 randomly selected adults showed that 89% of them own cell phones. The technology display below results from a test of the claim that 91% of adults own cell phones. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, and assume a 0.01 significance level to complete parts (a) through (e).
Test of p=0.91 vs p≠0.91
Sample X N Sample p 95% CI Z-Value p-Value
1 1833
2,060 0.889806 ( 0.872035 , 0.907577 ) ~ 3.20 0.001
a. Is the test two-tailed, left-tailed, or right-tailed?∙
Left-tailed test∙
Two-tailed test∙
Right tailed test
b. What is the test statistic?
The test statistic is _____ (Round to two decimal places as needed.)
c. What is the P-value?
The P-value is _____ (Round to three decimal places as needed.)
d. What is the null hypothesis and what do you conclude about it?
Identify the null hypothesis.
A. H0:p<0.91∙
B. H0:p≠0.91∙
C. H0:p>0.91∙
D. H0:p=0.91.

Answers

Answer:

Two tailed test

Test statistic = 3.20

Pvalue = 0.001

H1 : p ≠ 0.91

Step-by-step explanation:

Given :

Test of p=0.91 vs p≠0.91

The use if not equal to ≠ sign in the null means we have a tow tailed test, which means a difference exists in the proportion which could be lesser or greater than the stated population proportion.

The test statistic :

This is the Z value from the table given = 3.20

The Pvalue = 0.001

Since Pvalue < α ;Reject H0

At a time hours after taking a tablet, the rate at which a drug is being eliminated r(t)= 50 (e^-01t - e^-0.20t)is mg/hr. Assuming that all the drug is eventually eliminated, calculate the original dose.

Answers

Answer:

2500 mg

Step-by-step explanation:

Since r(t) is the rate at which the drug is being eliminated, we integrate r(t) with t from 0 to ∞ to find the original dose of drug, m. Since all of the drug will be eliminated at time t = ∞.

Since r(t) =  50 (e^-01t - e^-0.20t)

m = ∫₀⁰⁰50 (e^-01t - e^-0.20t)

= 50∫₀⁰⁰(e^-01t - e^-0.20t)

= 50[∫₀⁰⁰e^-01t - ∫₀⁰⁰e^-0.20t]

= 50([e^-01t/-0.01]₀⁰⁰ - [e^-0.20t/-0.02]₀⁰⁰)

= 50(1/-0.01[e^-01(∞) - e^-01(0)] - {1/-0.02[e^-0.02(∞) - e^-0.02(0)]})

= 50(1/-0.01[e^-(∞) - e^-(0)] - {1/-0.02[e^-(∞) - e^-(0)]})

= 50(1/-0.01[0 - 1] - {1/-0.02[0 - 1]})

= 50(1/-0.01[- 1] - {1/-0.02[- 1]})

= 50(1/0.01 - 1/0.02)

= 50(100 - 50)

= 50(50)

= 2500 mg

Mua hàng hóa 10000kg về nhập kho,Đơn giá 200 000đ/kg,thuế gtgt là 10%,trả bằng chuyển khoản 50%,còn nợ người bán.Chi phí vận chuyển 2 100 000 bao gồm thueest gtgt 5% trả tiền mặt

Answers

I don’t think so it’s right question

Which among the given schemes offers a monthly instalment of less than Rs 5000. ?

a) Scheme A
b) Scheme B
c) Scheme C
d) Both Scheme A and Scheme B​

Answers

Heyy I think it’s d it’s my answer but if u don’t think u don’t need to answer the answer I gave to u

w^2+2w-42=0
what is the width and the length

Answers

Answer:

answers in the explanation cz I'm too lazy to type :(

not entirely sure tho

Step-by-step explanation:

w²+2w-42=0

*quadratic formula*

w= -1+ square root 43 m

or w= -1- square root 43 m

then since the length is 2m more than w

add 2 to both answers

l= 1+ square root 43 m

l=1- square root 43 m

9514 1404 393

Answer:

width: 5.557 mlength: 7.557 m

Step-by-step explanation:

Given:

  a rectangular patio of width w meters, length w+2 meters, and area 42 m²

Find:

  width and length

Solution:

The area is ...

  A = LW

  42 = w(w +2)

  43 = w² +2w +1 . . . . . . add 1 to complete the square

  √43 = w+1

  w = √43 -1 ≈ 5.557 . . . meters

  l = w+2 = √43 +1 ≈ 7.557 . . . meters

The width and length of the patio are 5.557 m and 7.557 m, respectively.

Find f such that f'(x) = 8x – 3. f(4) = 0​

Answers

Answer: y=29 / (4,29)

Step-by-step explanation:

By graphing [tex]f(x)=8x-3[/tex] and [tex]f(4)=0[/tex] on Desmos. You'll be able to find that when x is 4, y is 29.

Similarly, you can plugin 4 into the original equation ([tex]f(x)=8x-3[/tex]) Which looks like:

[tex]8(4)-3\\32-3=29[/tex]

Additionally, you can change [tex]f(x)=[/tex] to [tex]y=[/tex] as it is the exact same thing. With that in mind, you can do the same with [tex]f(x)=0[/tex] and just change it to x=4. As you're wanting to know what the y-value is when x=4.

Answer:

4x²-3x+c is our original equation

Step-by-step explanation:

we have an independent number I called this number c

put 4 from x and try to find c

f(4)=4*(4²)-3*(4)+c=0

we have to be careful about f(4) is 0

64-12+c=0 and c is -52 so our original equation is 4x²-3x-52

I NEED HELP PLEASE !!!

Answers

Answer: Because [tex]\frac{\pi }{3} =\frac{180\°}{3} =60\°[/tex], therefore [tex]\frac{\pi }{3} =60\°[/tex].

Which equation does the graph of the systems of equations solve?

two linear functions intersecting at 3, negative 2

−one thirdx + 3 = x − 1
one thirdx − 3 = −x + 1
−one thirdx + 3 = −x − 1
one thirdx + 3 = x − 1

Answers

Answer:

-1/3x+3 = x-1

Step-by-step explanation:

The solution is (3,-2)

Check and see if the point solves the equation

-1/3x+3 = x-1

-1/3(3) +3 = 3-1

-1+3 = 3-1

2=2 yes

Answer:

C

Step-by-step explanation:

I need help answering this ASAP

Answers

Answer:

"D"

if you multiply by Conjugate

the denominator would end up A^2 - b^2

the answer has 25 - 10x

that is D

Step-by-step explanation:

Taylor wants to find the perimeter of a rectangular playground. The lenght of the playground measures (3x-20) metres. The width of the playground measures (2x+4) metres. What is the perimeter of the playground? ​

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

P = 2(3x-20) + 2(2x+4) = (6x-40) + (4x+8) = 10x-32

The required perimeter of the playground is 10x-32.

The length of the playground measures (3x-20) metres.
The width of the playground measures (2x+4) metres.

What is the perimeter?

Perimeter, is the measure of the figure on its circumference.

The Required perimeter is for the playground is given by
= 2(3x-20) + 2(2x+4)

= 10x-32

Thus the required perimeter of the playground is 10x-32.

learn more about perimeter here:

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first off thanks to the ppl who answered before 2nd off i need help again

Answers

Answer:

This number line show the inequality x > 2

a hexagon has angles that measure 90º, 120º, 150º, 145º, 65º, and t. what is t?

Answers

Answer:

150°

Step-by-step explanation:

Sum of all angles in a hexagon = 720°

90° + 120° + 150° + 145° + 65 ° = 670°

720° - 570° = t

t = 150°

If my answer is incorrect, pls correct me!

If you like my answer and explanation, mark me as brainliest!

-Chetan K

Use the vertex
(h, k)
and a point on the graph
(x, y)
to find the general form of the equation of the quadratic function.
(h, k) = (−4, −1), (x, y) = (−7, 8)

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Let the quadratic function be

y=a(x+4)²-1

∵(-7,8) lies on it.

8=a(-7+4)²-1

8+1=a(-3)²

9a=9

a=9/9=1

so quadratic function  is

f(x)=1(x+4)²-1

or

f(x)=x²+8x+16-1

so quadratic function is

f(x)=x²+8x+15

The difference between two positive integers is 7 and the sum of their squares is 949. What are the numbers?

Answers

Answer:

25 and 18

Step-by-step explanation:

Let's say that the first number is x and the second one is y.

First, the difference between them is 7, so x-y=7

Next, the sum of their squares is 949, so x²+y² = 949

We have

x-y=7

x²+y²=949

One thing we can do to solve this problem is to solve for x in the first equation, plug that into the second equation, and go from there

Adding y to both sides in the first equation, we have

x = 7 + y

Plugging that into the second equation for x, we have

(7+y)²+ y² = 949

expand

(7+y)(7+y) + y² = 949

49 + y² + 7y + 7y + y² = 949

combine like terms

2y² +14y + 49 = 949

subtract 949 from both sides to put this in the form of a quadratic equation

2y² + 14y - 900 = 0

divide both sides by 2

y² + 7y - 450 = 0

To factor this, we want to find 2 numbers that add up to 7 and multiply to -450.

The factors of 450 are as follows:

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 25, 30, 45, 50, 75, 90, 150, 225, and 450.

Note that we want to find two numbers with a difference of 7, as one will have to be negative for the multiplication to end up at -450. Two numbers that stand out are 18 and 25. To make them add up to 7, 18 can be negative. We therefore have

y² + 25y - 18y - 450 = 0

y(y+25) - 18(y+25) = 0

(y-18)(y+25) = 0

Solving for 0,

y-18 = 0

add 18 to both sides

y=18

y+25 = 0

subtract 25 from both sides

y= -25

As the question states "two positive integers", this means that y must be positive, so y = 18. We know x-y=7, so

x-18 = 7

add 18 to both sides to isolate x

x = 25

what is the absolute value of -5/9

Answers

Answer:

5/9

Step-by-step explanation:

In short, the absolute value of a number turns that number into a positive value no matter what. Here is a small representation:

Negative -> Positive

Positive -> Positive

Since we are working with a negative value, it will turn positive.

Best of Luck!

Write the number in standard form as a decimal

Answers

Answer:

4.00810.1

Step-by-step explanation:

I hope it will help youplease make me brainlest

THANK U

find the sum 38+39+40+41...+114+115

Answers

It seems like you want to find the sum of 38 to 115:

[tex] \displaystyle \large{38 + 39 + 40 + 41 + ... + 114 + 115}[/tex]

If we notice, this is arithmetic series or the sum of arithmetic sequences.

To find the sum of the sequences, there are three types of formulas but I will demonstrate only one and the best for this problem.

[tex] \displaystyle \large{S_n = \frac{n(a_1+a_n) }{2} }[/tex]

This formula only applies to the sequences that have the common difference = 1.

Given that a1 = first term of sequence/series, n = number of terms and a_n = last term

We know the first term which is 38 and the last term is 115. The problem here is the number of sequences.

To find the n, you can use the following formula.

[tex] \displaystyle \large{n = (a_n - a_1) + 1}[/tex]

Substitute an = 115 and a1 = 38 in the formula of finding n.

[tex] \displaystyle \large{n = (115 - 38) + 1} \\ \displaystyle \large{n = (77) + 1} \\ \displaystyle \large{n = 78}[/tex]

Therefore the number of sequences is 78.

Then we substitute an = 115, a1 = 38 and n = 78 in the sum formula.

[tex] \displaystyle \large{S_{78} = \frac{78(38+115) }{2} } \\ \displaystyle \large{S_{78} = \frac{39(38+115) }{1} } \\ \displaystyle \large{S_{78} = 39(153) } \\ \displaystyle \large \boxed{S_{78} = 5967}[/tex]

Hence, the sum is 5967.

If the mean age of the managers in company is 52 years with a standard deviation of 2.5 years, what is the probability that a randomly chosen manager will be between 54.5 and 57 years old

Answers

Answer:

13.5 %

Step-by-step explanation:

For a normal distribution, the Empirical Rule states that 68% of values lie between 1 standard deviation of the mean, 95% of values lie between 2 standard deviations of the mean, and 99.7% of values lie between 3 standard deviations of the mean. Here, we can see that 54.5 is 1 standard deviation away from the mean and 57 is 2 standard deviations away. This means that we want to find the difference between 1 and 2 standard deviations from the mean (in the positive direction)

To find the difference, we can simply find (percent of values 2 standard deviations of the mean) - (percent of values 1 standard deviation from the mean) = percent of values between 1 and 2 standard deviations from the mean

= 95-68 = 27 %

Finally, this gives us the percent of values between 1 and 2 standard deviations from the mean on both sides. We want to only find the positive aspect of this, as we don't care how many values are between 49.5 and 47 years old. Because normal distributions are symmetric, or equal on both sides of the mean, we can simply divide by 2 to eliminate the half we don't want, resulting in 27/2 = 13.5

The probability that a randomly chosen manager will be between 54.5 and 57 years old is 0.8413.

Given that, average age managers = 52 years standard deviation = 2.5 years.

What is standard deviation?

Standard deviation is the positive square root of the variance. Standard deviation is one of the basic methods of statistical analysis. Standard deviation is commonly abbreviated as SD and denoted by 'σ’ and it tells about the value that how much it has deviated from the mean value.

Considering the equation Z =  (X−μ)/σ

Where, X is the lower or higher value, as the case may be μ  is the average σ  is standard deviation

Now, z1= (54.5 - 52)/2.5

= 1

z2= (57 - 52)/2.5

= 2

Now, z2-z1= 2-1

= 1

P(54.5>Z<57)= 0.8413

Therefore, the probability that a randomly chosen manager will be between 54.5 and 57 years old is 0.8413.

Learn more about the standard deviation visit:

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What is the completely factored form of this polynomial? x3 + 3x2 - 6x – 18
A. (x - 2)(x - 3)(x + 3)
B. (x2 - 6)(x + 3)
C. (x2 + 3)(x-6)
D. (x + 6)(x - 1)(x + 3)​

Answers

Answer:

(x+3) ( x^2 -6)

Step-by-step explanation:

x^3 + 3x^2 - 6x – 18

Factor by grouping

x^3 + 3x^2    - 6x – 18

Factor x^2 out of the first group and -6 out of the second group

x^2( x+3)  -6(x+3)

Factor out x+3

(x+3) ( x^2 -6)

Jessica has 28 coins. One fourth of them are quarters. Two thirds of the rest of the coins are dimes. The remaining ones are nickels. How many quarters, dimes, and nickels does he have? How much money does he have in coins? If he wants to buy 2 packs of cards, with each pack $1.35, how much money would he have left?

Answers

9514 1404 393

Answer:

7 quarters, 14 dimes, 7 nickels total $3.50$0.80 will remain

Step-by-step explanation:

a) 1/4 of 28 = 28/4 = 7 coins are quarters.

  2/3 of (28 -7) = (2/3)(21) = 14 coins are dimes

The remaining 28 -7 -14 = 7 coins are nickels

__

b) The amount of money in coins is ...

  7×$0.25 +14×$0.10 +7×$0.05 = $3.50 . . . in coins

__

c) 2 packs of cards at $1.35 each will cost 2×$1.35 = $2.70. After the purchase, the remaining money would be ...

  $3.50 -2.70 = $0.80 . . . remaining

2. Solve the following:
a. When six is added to four times a number the result is 50. Find the number.
b. The sum of a number and nine is multiplied by -2 and the answer is -8. Find the
number.
c. The length of a rectangular map is 37,5 cm and the perimeter is 125 cm. Find the
width.​

Answers

Answer:

a = 11

b = -5

c = 25

Step-by-step explanation:

a.

6 + 4x = 50

50 - 6 = 44

4x = 44

x = 11

b.

(x+9) * -2 = -8

(x+9) = 4

x = -5

c.

2(37.5) + 2(x) = 125

75 + 2x = 125

125 - 75 = 2x

50 = 2x

x = 25

If my answer is incorrect, pls correct me!

If you like my answer and explanation, mark me as brainliest!

-Chetan K

Need the help thanks guys

Answers

Answer:

Option D is the correct answer.

Step-by-step explanation:

The equation of the function is in vertex form. Thus, we can analyze the equation to determine the x and y values of the vertex. We know that the template format of a vertex form equation is as follows:

f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k . The only constants we need are h and k, where 'h' is the x-value of our vertex and 'k' is the y-value of our vertex.

The value of 'k' can be found quite simply by looking at the equation: -9.

The value of 'h' is a little trickier, as we must take into account the 'subtract' sign of the template equation, meaning that the '+7' in the given equation actually means that we are subtracting negative seven. Thus, the value of 'h' is -7.

Thus, the vertex of this graph is (-7,-9).

This means that option D is correct.

Answer:

The vertex is at ( -7, -9)

Step-by-step explanation:

y = (x+7)^2 -9

This is written in vertex form

y = a( x-h)^2 +k where ( h,k) is the vertex

y = ( x - -7)^2 + -9

The vertex is at ( -7, -9)

reflect the x axis A B C D

Answers

Answer:

see explanation

Step-by-step explanation:

Under a reflection in the x- axis

a point (x, y ) → (x, - y ) , then

A (- 1, - 17 ) → A' (- 1, 17 )

B (0, - 12 ) → B' (0, 12 )

C (- 5, - 11 ) → C' (- 5, 11 )

D (- 6, - 16 ) → D' (- 6, 16 )

What is the equation of the line that passes through the point (8,−3) and has an undefined slope?
HELP FAST PLS!!

Answers

Answer:

x = 8

Step-by-step explanation:

undefined slope => m = oo

passes (8, -3) => (x1, y1)

the equation is : y-y1 =m(x-x1)

y+3 = oo(x-8)

=> x -8 = (y+3)/oo

x -8 = 0

x = 8

so, the equation is: x = 8

pLEASE help best and right answer gets brainliest

Answers

1) is 9
2) is 2

Absolute value of a number is the distance a number is from 0.

Step-by-step explanation:

| - 5 | + | - 4 |

5 + 4

= 9

| - 6| - 4

6 - 4

2

I hope this answers your question.

During a particularly dry growing season in a southern state, farmers noticed that there is a delicate balance between the number of seeds that are planted per square foot and the yield of the crop in pounds per square foot. The yields were the smallest when the number of seeds per square foot was either very small or very large.

What is the explanatory variable for this relationship?

yield of the crop
location of the farm
precipitation for the growing season
number of seeds planted per square foot

I think it's (D).
number of seeds planted per sf

Answers

Answer:

The guy above me is correct

Step-by-step explanation:

2022

Answer:

number of seeds planted per square foot

Step-by-step explanation:

response is the yield explained by how many seeds are planted

Coronado reported the following information for the current year: Sales (44000 units) $880000, direct materials and direct labor $440000, other variable costs $44000, and fixed costs $360000. What is Coronado’s break-even point in units?

a) 32727.
b) 40000.
c) 60923.
d) 36000.

Answers

The answer i think is c not positive tho

What is the value of the expression
below?
(7)3

Answers

Answer:

21

Step-by-step explanation:

Which expression corresponds to this graph?

Answers

Answer:

C

Step-by-step explanation:

The expression is x>55 and 55 isn't included

Answer:

c

Step-by-step explanation:

Question 26 of 58
Mr. Nguyen recorded the numbers of students in his homeroom class who
participated in spirit week.
The table shows the number of students who dressed up each day.
Day
Mon Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Total
Number of students 2
2
5
5
6
20
Find the mean and the median of the data set.
Determine which of these values is greater.
O A. The mean, 5, is greater than the median, 4.
OB. The mean, 5, is greater than the median, 2.
O c. The median, 6, is greater than the mean, 2.
O D. The median, 5, is greater than the mean, 4.

Answers

Answer:

D

Step-by-step explanation:

The answer is D.

Other Questions
In the 1776 reading on Free Suffrage, the author asserts that restricting voting rights to people who owned land was A. Unjustified B. Necessary for political order C. Designed to encourage people to economically advanceD. Discriminatory towards non-English colonists Hospitals are legally responsible for the actions of independent contractors in the following situations:I. The hospital retains direct control over the work leading to the injury. II. An injury is the result of a non- delegable duty owed by the hospital to the patient. III. The patient reasonably (though falsely) believes that the independent contractor is an employee of the hospital. A) I only.B) I and II.C) II and III.D) I and III.E) I, II, and III. Which statement correctly describes a product of a reaction withinphotosynthesis?O A. ATP is produced during the light reactions.O B. Carbon dioxide is produced during the light reactions.O C. Oxygen is produced during the Calvin cycle.OD. NADPH is produced during the Calvin cycle. (2x+3)(5x-8)10x7 16x+1582410x2-x-24 In the month of March, Wildhorse Salon services 620 clients at an average price of $130. During the month, fixed costs were $16,380 and variable costs were 70% of sales (a) Determine the total contribution margin in dollars, the per unit contribution margin, and the contribution margin ratio Contribution margin in dollars 5 Contribution margin per unit $ Contribution margin ratio % Use the normal distribution and the given sample results to complete the test of the given hypotheses. Assume the results come from a random sample and use a 5% significance level.Test H0 : p=0.2 vs Ha : p0.2 using the sample results p^=0.27 with n=1003Round your answer for the test statistic to two decimal places, and your answer for the p-value to three decimal places. Platinum is one of the most dense elements (d = 21.5 g/cm3). What is the volume of a 10.0 g sample of the metal? I WILL MARK BRAINLIEST PLEASE HELP! This graph represents f(x), and g(x) = -7x + 8.Which statement about these functions is true?A. Function f(x) is increasing, and g(x) is decreasing.B. Function f(x) is decreasing, and g(x) is increasing.C. Functions f(x) and g(x) are both decreasing.D. Functions f(x) and g(x) are both increasing. I need help on this please answer all three of them median range and mode Answer this question plssss The pressure exerted at the bottom of a column of liquid is 30 kPa. The height of thecolumn is 3,875 m. What type of liquid is used? Which form of the verb is correct?This magazine article, Weather Patterns, _____ climate changes due to global warming.a- predictb- predicts Question 10 of 20 : PENN FOSTER PLEASESelect the best answer for the question10. One of the factors that helped the rise of industrialism in Great Britain was itsO A. government-run factoriesO B. rich deposits of coal.O C. egalitarian social structure.O D. vast timber resources,Mark for review Select the correct answer.Which sentence states a suggestion that you should follow at an upscale restaurant?.Il est conseill de faire une rservation l'avance.OB.Vous devez payer avant de manger.O c.Il faut passer la commande au comptoir.OD.Il ne faut pas laisser un pourboire. essay on mother's tears Sebastian is going to choose the color pattern Kant writes: "Let every one be as happy as heaven please or as he can make himself; I will take nothing from him nor even envy him, only I do not wish to contribute anything either to his welfare or to his assistance in distress!Does Kant agree or disagree with this claim? Why?A) He agrees with it. Everyone really needs to just help themselves.B) He disagrees with it. It's better if everyone at least talks about sympathy and good will even if they cheat and betray the rights of man whenever they canC) He disagrees with it. Anyone who willed that this be a universal law would find that by doing so they deny themselves the very help they will someday needD) He agrees with it: the categorical imperative is not an excuse for excessive charity If the 5th term in a geometric sequence is 162, and the common ratio is 3. What is the first term in the sequence? What is the next term in the pattern 1, -1, 2, -2,3 Which of the following is not a function?1. {(0,0), (1,4), (2,8) }2. {(0,0), (3,16), (16,49) }3. {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4)}4. {(7,1),(6,2), (5,3), (5,4)}5. all of the choices are function