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Which organisms have cells that use mitochondria to release energy stored in food?

A: Self feeders

B: Neither self feeders nor other feeders'

C: Other feeders

D: Both

Answer: In chloroplasts, water is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis.

Explanation:

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Plagioclase  feldspar is a silicate of aluminum. A type of aluminum-containing silicates known as feldspar is often referred to as "non ferromagnesian silicates" or "light silicates" because they don't include iron or magnesium.

Plagioclase ((Ca,Na)AlSi₃O₈) and orthoclase (KAlSi₃O₈) are two types of feldspars. Keep in mind that the additional metals provide the plagioclase a distinct advantage over the orthoclase; the latter has potassium while the former has calcium or sodium. The feldspars are comparable in terms of their physical characteristics, and their lusters can range from glassy to pearly. They are relatively hard, with a Mohs hardness of around 6, and feature two planes of cleavage that intersect at or close to 90°.

The feldspar series also includes anorthite (CaAlSiO₈) and albite (NaAlSi₃O₈). These feldspar series members are on the extreme end.

The earth's feldspars are the most prevalent minerals.

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The starting material for whole-genome shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA is overlapping fragments of genomic DNA.

The DNA sequence of an organism's genome can be ascertained in a lab using shotgun sequencing. The process entails randomly dividing the genome into tiny DNA fragments that are then individually sequenced. To reconstruct the genome, a computer program searches for overlaps in the DNA sequences and uses those overlaps to put the fragments back together in the right order.

Shotgun sequencing involves randomly slicing the genome into small, sequencing-ready pieces (1 to 2 kbp in length). After being ligated into an appropriate vector, the fragments are partially sequenced. Each fragment can yield 400–500 bp of sequence in a single sequencing run.

Hence, small fragments are sequenced and organized with computer.

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The expected phenotype ratio of the offspring from the cross would be  1 with red stripe, 2 with red and yellow stripes, and 1 with yellow stripe. Option 1.

According to the illustration, the inheritance pattern of color in the grasshopper species is codominance.

Red striped grasshopper is RR, and the yellow stripe is YY, while RY grasshoppers have both red and yellow stripes.

Now, a grasshopper with red and yellow stripes (RY) mates with another grasshopper who also has red and yellow stripes (RY):

   RY    x    RY

RR   RY   RY   YY

Since RR is red stripe, RY is red/yellow stripes, and YY is yellow stripe; then, the phenotype ratio of the offspring from the cross would be:

In other words, the phenotype ratio from the cross would be 1 with red stripe, 2 with red and yellow stripes, and 1 with yellow stripe.

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The modern human is thought to have the largest cranium, measuring between 120 and 1700 cubic centimetres 3. The head shrank in size and grew more compact, reaching its widest point at the base of the skull.

Brain/body size ratio = cranial capacity (in cubic centimetres). body mass (in kg) Complete the table with the specified species. Species skull capacity (cc) Body Weight Approximation on Average (kg) Body to Brain Ratio gorilla 395 54 7.31 chimpanzee 506 120 4.22 6. The scapular is extended at the suprascapular area and is shorter and broader, making it more mobile and arboreal, whereas the humeral head is rounded and globular. These faunal remains were discovered at Station 1 with the specimen at Station 2 Paleoenvironment.

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Bacteria with a glycocalyx capsule cannot be phagocytized by immune cells. This increase the virulence of a bacteria cell.

The outermost layer of the cell wall of most bacteria is covered by a structure called the bacterial capsule, which is normally a hydrated polysaccharide complex made of monosaccharides linked together by glyosidic bonds. The capsule prevents the bacterial cell from being ingested and destroyed by phagocytosis. The components of the bacterial surface become slick due to capsules. Making bacteria immune to enhancing their invasiveness, allowing them to attach to surfaces and hide from the immune system by mimicking host tissues. The capsule guards against desiccation and toxic byproducts for the cell.

Hence, bacterial capsule is for unwanted environment condition.

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Answer:

The founder effect is an example of genetic drift

A population has members with the same appearance and features, such members encounter similar problems in the environment they live in. Some members of the population start living in a different place due to some reason. In that new area, they form a colony and start to adapt to different environments. This is called the founder effect. This brings change into sets of genes causing genetic drift.

Parasympathetic, sympathetic, sensory, and motor roots can all be found in the otic ganglion.

All branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve receive postganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibres from the otic ganglion. Additionally, the parotid gland receives sympathetic vasomotor fibres from it. The infratemporal fossa's medial side and the tiny parasympathetic ganglion known as the otic ganglion are both situated just below the foramen ovale. It functions as the glossopharyngeal nerve's functional partner and innervates the parotid gland to stimulate salivation. The auriculotemporal nerve most likely sends signals to the superficial temporal artery from the otic ganglia. Because migraine attacks involve the superficial temporal artery, this is clinically intriguing.

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Antibodies are capable of binding up several antigens in order to reduce infectious agents that need to be dealt with, this function of antibodies is known as agglutination.

Antibodies are proteins that defend you while an unwanted substance enters your body. Produced via your immune device, antibodies bind to these undesirable substances which will put off them out of your gadget.

Antibodies are proteins produced by means of the immune gadget in reaction to contamination. They're an vital part of the frame's defence device as they work to smash sickness-causing organisms and block them from infecting human cells.

Antibodies are positioned in various areas of your frame, such as your skin, lungs, tears, saliva and even breast milk. In reality, high quantities of antibodies are present in colostrum.

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The rabbit population increased during years when the death rate was lower than the birth rate, reflecting a higher carrying capacity.

The carrying capacity of an environment is described as the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available.

Population is known to refer to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world.

The primary and I think the most obvious cause of population growth is an imbalance between births and deaths.

In the diagram shown, we can see an increase or growth in population when the death rate increases depicting an imbalance between death and births.

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Animals that perform pollination while visiting the bloom are rewarded with floral nectar, which is placed inside the flower close to the reproductive organs.

The majority of people are aware that flowers frequently generate nectar, which is vital for promoting pollination and supplying food for hummingbirds and insects. Few people are aware of the extra-floral nectaries, nectar-producing glands that are structurally separate from the flower and found in more than 2,000 plant species in more than 64 families, though they exist in these plants.

Animals that perform pollination while visiting the bloom are rewarded with floral nectar, which is placed inside the flower close to the reproductive organs. Extra-floral nectar has a role in so-called indirect defense by luring predatory herbivores—usually ants—or by discouraging them from feeding on the plant.

Therefore, the two forms of nectar-producing partnerships between plants and animals have long served as textbook illustrations of symmetric mutualism, in which plants supply food or benefits to animals in exchange.

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Answer: Nectar

Explanation:

Answer:

MSUD stands for Maple Syrup Urine Disease. It is very rare, it occurs in about 1 of every 185,000 births worldwide. A child is born with MSUD when both parents are carriers of three specific gene mutations (changes) – one copy from each parent. These three specific amino acids are leucine, isoleucine and valine. Without the needed enzymes, the three amino acids build up and so do their toxic byproducts that are known as ketoacids.

MSUD occurs more often in communities that have little genetic variation (such as the Mennonite and Amish community) These groups have a closure of people (like they marry with their closed relatives) who are carriers of the mutated gene.

Proteins with nuclear localization signals, that are bound to nuclear import receptors enter the nucleus through nuclear pore complex.

Proteins having nuclear localization signals are transported inward through the nuclear pore complexes, whereas RNA molecules and newly made ribosomal subunits contain nuclear export signals that direct the active transport outward through pore complexes.

Nuclear proteins are transported actively through nuclear pores by a selective and mediated process. The process is mediated by nuclear localization signal and can be divided into two steps, that are : targeting to the pores and translocation through the pores.

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A major function of th1 cells is to activate macrophages. IFN-γ is the  molecules expressed by th1 cells are essential for this function.

IFN-, a cytokine secreted by Th1 cells that is unique to them, stimulates macrophages and DCs, improving their capacity to destroy intracellular microorganisms and deliver antigens to T lymphocytes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin, and IL-2 are among substances that Th1 cells can release that help with antimicrobial defence.

Through cell interaction and localised IFN- release, TH1 cells stimulate infected macrophages. This causes a sequence of metabolic reactions that transform the macrophage into an effective effector cell for fighting microorganisms.

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This statistics says that diffusion employs a certain kind of molecular transport.

Molecules used to create inorganic chemicals known as molecular substances. Common substances as co2 and water (H2O) are examples (CO2). These compounds are very different from ionic compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl).

Molecules are made up of one or even more increased compared. If they contain and over one, they may contain different atoms or the same atoms (for instance, an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). The amount of atoms in biological compounds like proteins and DNA can reach thousands.

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Option C. is correct, Gene expression levels have long been known to be significantly influenced by the state of chromatin, the packaging of DNA in eukaryotes. Several chromatin-altering techniques, such as ATP-dependent remodelling.

The cell uses histone modification to control the transcription of certain genes. Since several histone acetyltransferases have been discovered and further studied in recent years, histone acetylation is one of them that is most thoroughly understood. chromatin remodelling and histone acetylation A restrictive barrier to transcription is represented by chromatin. This molecular barrier is a highly dynamic structure that can fit the complete genome's DNA inside the limits of a nucleus while yet allowing access to the genetic material stored inside.

Which of the following will increase the rate of transcription?

a. Activation of a transcriptional repressor

b. Inhibition of a transcriptional activator

c. Histone acetylation leading to chromatin decompaction

d. Histone methylation leading to chromatin compaction Removal of RNA polymerase

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DNA fingerprints are all the genetic markers used to differentiate individuals or populations. In the exposed example, the otter from lane two belong to population 2, Esther passage, because its band is 890 PB in length.

We can refer to DNA fingerprint as the group of genetic markers that differentiate an individual from another individual, or a population from another population.

Genetic markers are unique DNA fragments that are not identical in all individuals or populations. These fragments provide unique information about the individual or the population, so they are usually used to analyze differences, identify a progenitor, or solve a crime.

DNA prints are used to identify the population origin of an individual, or filial relationships, among others.

In the exposed example, we have DNA samples of 8 individuals belonging to three different populations.

Two alleles are used as markers to identify the individual belonging to each group.

To identify individuals belonging to each group, we just need to count the number of band they express.

In the case of individual number 2 (lane 2), there is only one band. So we can dismiss population 1 (because this population has the two alleles).

The expressed band is approximately 890 pb length. It means that it belongs to population 2, Esther passage.

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Air pollution has decreased in all regions is the likely cause of the change in frequency of melanic moths in michigan (mustard-colored diamonds), in pennsylvania (blue squares), and at caldy common in england (red dots)

The peppered moth's evolution is an example of how air pollution during the Industrial Revolution caused directional colour changes in the moth population.

At that time, a manifestation of industrial melanism was the rise in the number of dark-colored moths. Later, as pollution levels dropped, the light-colored form once more took control. Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection underwent its first test with the industrial melanism in the peppered moth, which is still used as a standard illustration for explaining evolution.

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Fixed-size chunk de-duplication is carried out at routers rather than on hosts. The considered packet is first intercepted in a router in real time or at the network endpoints.

What is Chunk size?

The largest physical disc unit devoted to database server data storage is called a chunk. Administrators can allocate disc space in a comparatively big unit thanks to chunks. The largest possible chunk size is 4 TB. The maximum number of chunks is 32,766.

She divided the fruit into big pieces. She speaks on the phone for a sizable portion of her day. He invested a lot of time on the undertaking.

A total of 65,536 blocks are divided into chunks that are 16 blocks wide, 16 blocks long, and 256 blocks high.

MongoDB uses chunk sizes that are 128 MB by default. You have the option of changing the chunk size. Think about the effects of altering the default chunk size: At the expense of more frequent migrations, small pieces result in a more even distribution of data.

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The archenteron of a mesolecithal embryo with holoblastic cleavage eventually develops into digestive tract.

The archenteron (gastrocoel) is a hollow within an animal embryo there at gastrula stage of development. The anus, or , and the blastopore, which serves as the animal's entrance and entry to the outside world, are both formed by this opening. The stomach cavity is finally formed, in whole or in part, by the archenteron.

The growing embryo's primitive gut, known as the archenteron or digestive tunnel, develops during gastrulation. It is the core cavity inside an embryo at the gastrula stage of development.

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The net benefit of glycolysis is only two ATP because the two ATP molecules are consumed in  initial part of glycolysis, even if the four ATP molecules are created in  second half.

One glucose molecule initiates glycolysis, which culminates with two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules, four ATP molecules overall, and two NADH molecules. The cell has the net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules for usage since the two ATP molecules were required in the first half of the route to prepare  six-carbon ring for cleavage. Only two ATP molecules will be produced from a molecule of glucose if the organism is unable to further catabolize  pyruvate molecules (through the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle). Pyruvate kinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the production of pyruvate, must be present in sufficient amounts for the final stage of glycolysis to take place.

The entire glycolysis pathway will in this case ,the full glycolysis pathway will continue to function, but the second half will only produce two ATP molecules (instead of the usual four ATP molecules). As a result, the rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis is pyruvate kinase.

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In a myofibril the thick filament is composed of pairs of myosin molecules that are intertwined together.

The protein myosin makes up thick filaments. Near the M line, a myosin molecule's tail joins with other myosin molecules to form the thick filament's core region, while the thick filament's heads align on either side where the thin filaments overlap. The thick and thin myofilaments that make up the myofibrils are what give the muscle its striped appearance. Along with two other muscle regulating proteins, tropomyosin and troponin, the thick filaments are made up of strands of the protein myosin, while the thin filaments are made up of strands of the protein actin.

In addition to myosin, which forms the thick filament's backbone, four additional proteins—titin, myomesin, obscurin, and myosin binding protein-C—that are tightly attached to the filament also perform crucial structural and regulatory functions.

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Threonine amino acid corresponds to the codon ACC.

Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are also utilized to create polypeptides. Codons, a set of three nucleotides, are used to code for amino acids. The amino acid threonine is encoded by the codon ACC. Numerous codons specify the majority of the amino acids. This is not shocking at all. For instance, four codons indicate glycine, valine, proline, threonine, and alanine, whereas six codons specify leucine, serine, and arginine.

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Answer:

"Plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) Four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase."

PMAT is the order of the phases of mitosis.

The variety of codons that might be constructed would be reduced if codons were only 2 bases long. More distinct nucleotides would be needed to generate enough distinct sequences to code for the 20 amino acids.

In E. coli, there are only 3 tRNAs available for the four distinct codons of glycine, for example. While it is true that numerous codons can each code for a single amino acid, this flexibility is only made feasible because of the 'wobble' between the third codon base and the first anticodon base.

combinations of these codons or triplets. Three of the 64 codons are stop codons, as we already indicated. These three stop codons just stop translation; they do not encode any amino acids.

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Helper T cells stimulate the B cell via the binding of CD40L at the T cell to CD40 on the B cellular, thru interaction of different TNF-TNF-receptor circles of relatives ligand pairs, and by way of the directed release of cytokines.

Helper T cells do now not directly kill inflamed cells, as cytotoxic T cells do instead, they help spark off cytotoxic T cells and macrophages to attack inflamed cells, or they stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies.

Helper T cells no longer immediately kill infected cells, as cytotoxic T cells do. as a substitute they assist activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages to assault inflamed cells, or they stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies.

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Answer:

inplant

Explanation:

Answer: An oversimplified or exaggerated generalization used to describe or distinguish a group is called a stereotype.