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Related Questions
Why are some pathogenic bacteria able to make toxins?
Answers
The relationship between a host and a pathogen is dynamic, since each modifies the activities and functions of the other. The outcome of such a relationship depends on the virulence of the pathogen and the relative degree of resistance or susceptibility of the host, due mainly to the effectiveness of the host defense mechanisms. Staphylococcus aureus, arguably the most prevalent pathogen of humans, may cause up to one third of all bacterial diseases ranging from boils and pimples to food poisoning, to septicemia and toxic shock. Electron micrograph from Visuals Unlimited, with permission.
The Underlying Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity
Two broad qualities of pathogenic bacteria underlie the means by which they cause disease:
1. Invasiveness is the ability to invade tissues. It encompasses mechanisms for colonization (adherence and initial multiplication), production of extracellular substances which facilitate invasion (invasins) and ability to bypass or overcome host defense mechanisms.
2. Toxigenesis is the ability to produce toxins. Bacteria may produce two types of toxins called exotoxins and endotoxins. Exotoxins are released from bacterial cells and may act at tissue sites removed from the site of bacterial growth. Endotoxins are cell-associated substance. (In a classic sense, the term endotoxin refers to the lipopolysaccharide component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria). However, endotoxins may be released from growing bacterial cells and cells that are lysed as a result of effective host defense (e.g. lysozyme) or the activities of certain antibiotics (e.g. penicillins and cephalosporins). Hence, bacterial toxins, both soluble and cell-associated, may be transported by blood and lymph and cause cytotoxic effects at tissue sites remote from the original point of invasion or growth. Some bacterial toxins may also act at the site of colonization and play a role in invasion. Acid-fast stain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of tuberculosis (TB). The bacteria are the small pink-staining rods. More than one-third of the world population is infected. The organism has caused more human deaths than any other bacterium in the history of mankind. Although its ability to produce disease is multifactorial, it is not completely understood. American Society of Microbiology, with permission.
1. What is the pH range for an acid?
A. 0 - 7- 14
2. What is the pH range for a base
A. 0 - 7- 14
3. What are the products of an acid base reaction?
A. water and salt
B. acid and base
C. water and sugar
D. water
4. What substance has a neutral pH?
A. ammonia
B. water
C. sodium bicarbonate
D. vinegar
5. The negative ion found in bases is the ______________
A. hydrogen ion (H+)
B. hydroxide ion (OH-)
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Answer:
0-7-14
0-7-12
c is correct water and suger
d is correct vinegar
b is correct (OH-)
Why do disruptive selection pressures tend to favor rapid evolutionary changes?
a. They result in sudden gene frequency changes.
b. They eliminate extreme genetic traits.
c. They select for one variation of a genetic trait.
d. They result in environmental adaptation.
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Answer:
The correct answer is a. They result in sudden gene frequency changes.
Explanation:
The evolution of life, its diversity, is reduced to the processes of microevolution or speciation. But not all evolutionary processes in populations end with the formation of a new species. Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that selects against the average individual in a population. The composition of this type of population would show phenotypes (individuals with groups of traits) of both extremes but with very few individuals in between. Disruptive selection tends to increase intra-population variability and, to this end, favors individuals at both ends of the phenotypic distribution, that is, as a final result there is a break in two different populations, which can lead to speciation.
Answer:
A"They result in sudden gene frequency changes."Explanation:
just took the test for edg and got it right
please help
Explain how an organ and organelles are related
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Answer:
Just as organs are separate body parts that perform certain functions in the human body, organelles are microscopic sub-units that perform specific functions within individual cells. Organelles are specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells.
Organelles are microscopic subunits that carry out certain tasks within individual cells, whereas organs are distinct body sections that carry out specialized tasks for the human body.
What is the relation between organ and organelles?Literally, the phrase refers to “tiny organs.” Organelles provide specialized functions to keep a cell alive, much like organs like the heart, liver, stomach, and kidneys serve specific functions to keep an individual alive.
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism are the major levels of organization in the body, going from the simplest to the most complex.
Like an organ in the body, an organelle is a subcellular structure that performs one or more particular functions for the cell.
Therefore, organ and organelles differ in their functioning.
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Please help worth 95 points. Project: Algae Cultures: Directions
In this report, you will be researching the different types of algae. Report on one algae from each of the three categories (blue-green, green, and green-brown). Include the following information: Name of the algae, Category if falls under, Where it is mostly found and what conditions it needs to survive, Whether it is unicellular or multicellular, Where in the food chain algae are, and what predators it may have, Research why some scientists think algae should be classified plants, and explain the debate.
1.Which organisms did you identify 2. How easy or difficult was it to find an example of each category? Which one was the hardest to find? Why? 3. Which environments were most common to find algae in? Why do you think so? 4. What part of the food chain is the alga? 5. Why is algae classified in the Protist Kingdom and not the Plant Kingdom even though they are photosynthetic? Research why scientists feel they should be classified as plants.
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Answer:
1) I identified the Golden-Brown Algae.
2) It was very easy to find the category because of the solid color base and because it only had the daitoms. It did not have multiple like the Green Algae and the Blue-Green Algae.
3) In fresh, brackish or salt water. They are found both in tropical lakes and seas, and in the alpine and polar snows. They are unicellular or multicellular protist plant organisms, whose cells do not form tissues and lack flowers. They are considered the first link in the food chain in the aquatic environment. They are found in fresh, brackish or salt water. They are primary producers in the food chain, capable of producing organic substances through photosynthesis, so they use sunlight. They are found in tropical lakes and seas up to the alpine and polar snows.
4) Producer Alga is A plant and produces food for other organisms.
5) Algae (Euglena) do photosynthesis as plants do. They also move around and eat, as do animals. But they are unicellular. In order to be classified as a plant or animal, an organism has to be multicellular, made of more than one cell. Since it is a unicellular organism with some plant and animal characteristics, it is called a protist. Plant cells have walls while algae does't have one, so it is a protozoan. Algae resemble the protozoa, so they are put into the Protist Kingdom.
Explanation:
I had the project.
Algae recreate a major part of the marine ecosystem because they exist as the decomposers current in the marine ecosystem; any harm to them could cause an inequality in the whole marine ecosystem.
What are golden-brown algae?1)The Chrysophyceae, usually named chrysophytes, cryptomonads, golden-brown algae or golden algae exist as an extensive set of algae, seen mainly in freshwater.
2) It stood very easy to see the class because of the solid color base and because it only contained the diatoms. It did not contain multiple like the Green Algae and the Blue-Green Algae.
3) In fresh, saline, or salt water. They exist seen both in tropical lakes and seas and in the alpine and polar snows. They exist as unicellular or multicellular protist plant organisms, whose cells do not constitute tissues and absent flowers. They exist thought the first link in the food chain in the aquatic environment. They exist seen in fresh, brackish, or salt water. They exist as primary producers in the food chain, qualified of producing organic substances through photosynthesis, so they utilize sunlight.
4) Producer Alga exists in a plant and makes food for different organisms.
5) Algae (Euglena) accomplish photosynthesis as plants do. They even move about and eat, as do animals. But they exist unicellular. To be categorized as a plant or animal, an organism contains to be multicellular, made of better than one cell. Since it stands as a unicellular organism with some plant and animal elements, it exists named a protist. Plant cells contain walls while algae don't contain one, so it exists as a protozoan. Algae reach the protozoa, so they stand to put into the Protist Kingdom.
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Select the correct bisector of the segment.
B
A
B
B
B
А
M
B
B
D
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Answer:
C
Explanation:
it has the example figure number 7 and also it has the correct bisector
What increases as you move from the surface to the interior of the Earth?
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Answer:
Heat/temperature
Explanation:
"There are three main sources of heat in the deep earth: (1) heat from when the planet formed and accreted, which has not yet been lost; (2) frictional heating, caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the planet; and (3) heat from the decay of radioactive elements." These give the core and a few of the outer layers of the earth more and more heat.
please answer this!!
Answers
Answer:
mouth coughing out biok sid carbon
(GIVING BRAINLIEST!!)
James made the following table to compare the common characteristics of planets. Which of the following would best replace X?
A) Asteroids
B) Comets
C) Moons
D) Stars
Answers
Answer: moons
Explanation:
Mars and Neptune both have moons
Answer:
hi answer is moons
Explanation:they have moons :)
17.
The human body uses carbohydrates as
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Answer:
Carbs Provide Your Body With Energy
protiens
Explanation:
the four primary functions of carbohydrates in the body are to provide energy, store energy, build macromolecules, and spare protein and fat for other uses
What change to the following molecule's structure would result in a saturated fat?
Answers
Answer:
It needs to gain a Hydrogen atom to eliminate the double bond between the two carbons.
Explanation:
Unsaturated fat has one or more double bonds in its molecule. Saturated fat has a single bond. If you want an unsaturated fat to become saturated it needs to gain more more hydrogen atoms which will eliminate the double bonds between carbons of the unsaturated fat.
Hope this helped :)
which is NOT part of the cell theory?
A) all living thing a are composed of cells
B) Cells are the building blocks of germs
C) All cells come from other cells
D) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
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Answer:
B.
Explanation: Hope this helps! ^^
tall pea plants are dominate over pea plants if two hybrids (Tt) are crossed
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Answer:
Naruto usamaki is the greatest hokagey in the leaf village
if you step on a sharp object muscles in your leg will rapidly put your foot away.
what is the correct term for this type of reaction?
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Answer:
Explanation:
Sharp object the reaction is a reflex its involuntary and it doesn't involve ur brain it protects u from damage.So u step on the sharp object whihc is a stimulus so the reaction is reflex its quick and automatic.
Hope this helps
Please help me with these
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those are nucleotides
since all three of them contain deoxyribose (because there's only one hydroxil group) they are DNA nucleotides
the first nucleotide has cytosine as it's nitrogenous base
the second nucleotide has adenine as it's nitrogenous base
the third nucleotide has thymine as it's nitrogenous base
(GIVING BRAINLIEST) ______________ energy is the total potential and kinetic energy of particles in an object.
Group of answer choices
Chemical
Nuclear
Thermal
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Answer:
Thermal
Explanation:
The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object is called thermal energy.
Answer this please I promise 30 points + mark as brainliest ( only relevant answers )
Answers
Answer:
A) Group X = Rose ,mango tree,marigold,palm tree
B) This is the answer of group X =Rose ,mango
This is the answer of group Y =Fern ,pine trees
Explanation:
Answer:
jen, from my heart im saying i lu.v u for real
its been almost 5 months weren't having the same old c.hat we used to have.
ik that ur scared to c.hat with me since the day ur mom caught u
but still the old memories keep coming into me how many times i try to forget u, i still lu.v u jen still lu.v u
and as i made u a promise that one day we'll meet, i still keep thqat word and that day even if its just one day, we're gonna enjoy the max we could
i'll be waiting for that moment and i hope u would be too...
still lu.v u :( .......
What events must have occurred for fossils of marne organisms to be in a mountain far above sea level?
Answers
Answer:
el sapo
Explanation:
1. Energy transfer is inefficient between trophic levels because
A. Molecules are fully digested from each trophic level.
B. Dead organisms and waste are recycled throughout the trophic levels.
C. Organisms within a trophic level are fully consumed.
D. All organisms within a trophic level die.
2. Primary productivity is defined as
A. The rate that plants and other photosynthesis organisms produce organic compounds.
B. The process where green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy using carbon dioxide and water.
C. The overall amount of energy captured by plants and other photosynthetic organisms by the chloroplast.
D. The adjusted amount of energy in an ecosystem due to energy use by organisms for respiration.
Thanks if you help, It's highly appreciated. :-)
Answers
Answer: b dead organisms And waste are recycled throughout the tropic levels.
Explanation:
Answer:
part 2
the rate that plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce organic compounds.
Explanation:
:)
o
1. Which criteria are used to classify amphibians into orders?
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Answer:
They are classified into three orders: frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians.
Drag each image to indicate whether it shows point source pollution or non-point source pollution
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Answer: The first and the last are point source and the second and third are non-point source.
Explanation: I got these right on the quiz.
The first image and the last image are point source pollution while the second and third images represent non point source pollution.
A point source pollution refers to a pollution that is emerging from a particular point such as from a pipe. It is traceable to a given source. The non - point source pollution is not traceable to any particular source.
In the image as shown, the first image and the last image are point source pollution while the second and third images represent non point source pollution.
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(PLEASE HELP I WILL MARK BRAINLEST) Limestone is a sedimentary rock and marble is a metamorphic rock. Despite limestone and marble having the same chemical makeup, which statement describes why they are classified as different rocks?
They formed at different times.
They were formed from different fossils.
They were formed by different methods.
They formed in different amounts of time.
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Answer:
The were formed by different methods
They were formed by different methods is the statement that describes that limestone and marble are classified as different rocks.Therefore, the correct option is C.
What is limestone?Limestone is a sedimentary rock primarily made up of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of the mineral calcite. It is formed from the accumulation of shells, coral, and other debris from marine organisms.
Marble is a metamorphic rock that forms from limestone, which is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is formed through a process of metamorphism, which involves the transformation of the original rock through heat and pressure over time. Therefore, the correct option is C.
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The question is incomplete, but most probably the complete question is,
Limestone is a sedimentary rock and marble is a metamorphic rock. Despite limestone and marble having the same chemical makeup, which statement describes why they are classified as different rocks?
A. They formed at different times.
B. They were formed from different fossils.
C. They were formed by different methods.
D. They formed in different amounts of time.
6. A characteristic common to both diffusion and active transport is that
the movement of molecules occurs
energy is needed
oxygen is moved across a membrane
O
molecules move from low concentration to high concentration
Answers
Answer:
oxygen is moved across a membrane O, cause the others are untrue.
PLEASE HELPPPPPPP
(Monstro the Goldfish & Epigenetics)
Answers
Answer:
mmmmmmmmmmmmdddddd
Explanation:
ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
when an experiment shows that two variable are closely related the experiment shows what
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Answer:When an experiment shows that two variables are closely related, the experiment shows correlation between the two variables. Correlation helps to show how two variables are related and connected. Related variables are said to be correlated. For example, we can say, good health is correlated to daily exercise routine.
Explanation:
In the process of respiration, organisms generally
a. use oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
b. use nitrogen and give off carbon dioxide
c. use carbon dioxide and give off oxygen
d. use carbon dioxide and give off nitrogen
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
During respiration organisms use up oxygen given off by plants and give off carbon dioxide as by product
Gravitational force multiple choice
Answers
Answer:
Option B. The force would be quartered (factor of 1/4).
Explanation:
The gravitational force between two objects can be expressed with the equation:
By analyzing the equation, we can see that if we multiply both m1 and m2 by 1/2, the resulting new F would be lower by a factor of 1/4 (as 1/2 times 1/2 equals 1/4).
Thus the correct answer is option B.
If a male organism has 40 chromosomes in each body cell, how many chromosomes does a female of the same sex have in each of her body cells?
Answers
Answer:
40
Explanation:
they're usually the same
Why is Linnaeus called the father of taxonomy?
He created the classification level called domain.
He developed the modern system of naming organisms.
He explained the steps that led to the formation of a species.
He used more than one common name for the same organism
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Answer:
he developed the modern system of naming organisms
Can someone please help me
Answers
Answer:
carbon dioxide plus water in the presence of light energy to sugar and oxygen
