Network externalities: Select one: A. exist when the usefulness of a product increases with the number of consumers who use it B. are created when celebrity endorsements of products lead to a surge in the demand for those products C. can only exist when there are economies of scale D. prevent the dominance of a market by one firm.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A. )exist when the usefulness of a product increases with the number of consumers who use it

Explanation:

Network externality can be regarded as a change that occur in benefit as well as in surplus, which is been derived by agent from a good when there is a change in number of other agents that consumes this same type of good. Network externality can as well be regarded as "network effect" this effect is one is that is been had by one user of a good/service on the value of the product with respect to each other people.

It should be noted that Network externalities exist when the usefulness of a product increases with the number of consumers who use it


Related Questions

At the end of 2010 Jarrett Corp. developed the following forecasts of net income:

Year Forecasted Net Income
2011 $20,856
2012 $22,733
2013 $24,552
2014 $27,252
2015 $29,978

Management believes that after 2015 Jarrett will grow at a rate of 7% each year. Total common shareholders' equity was $112,768 on December 31, 2010. Jarrett has not established a dividend and does not plan to paying dividends during 2011 to 2015. Its cost of equity capital is 12%.

Required:
Compute the value of Jarrett Corp. on January 1, 2011, using the residual income valuation model.

Answers

Answer:

$83,057.11  

Explanation:

The value of the company is the present value of its residual income where the residual income is the net income in each year minus the implicit cost of capital

residual income=net income-(cost of equity capital*beginning shareholders' equity)

2011:

residual income=$20,856-( $112,768*12%)

residual income=$7323.84

stockholders' equity at the end of 2011=$112,768+$20,856=$133,624  

2012

residual income=$22733-( $133624 *12%)

residual income=$6,698.12  

stockholders' equity at the end of 2012=$133,624+$22733=$156,357  

2013:

residual income=$24552-(12%*$156357)

residual income=$5,789.16  

stockholders' equity at the end of 2013=$156,357+$24552=$180,909

2014;

residual income= $27252-(12%*$180909)

residual income=$5,542.92

stockholders' equity at the end of 2014=$180,909+$27252=$208,161

2015:

residual income=$29,978-(12%*$208161)

residual income=$4,998.68  

Terminal value of residual income=2015 residual income*(1+terminal growth rate)/(cost of equity-terminal growth rate)

Terminal value of residual income=$4,998.68*(1+7%)/(12%-7%)=$106,971.75  

value of the company=$7323.84/(1+12%)^1+$6,698.12/(1+12%)^2+$5,789.16 /(1+12%)^3+$5,542.92/(1+12%)^4+$4,998.68/(1+12%)^5+$106,971.75/(1+12%)^5

value of the company=$83,057.11

Match each example to the appropriate term.

a. Trees used to make paper
1. Human capital
2. Technological knowledge
3. Physical capital

b. A printing press used to make books.
1. Human capital
2. Technological knowledge
3. Physical capital

c. A method of organizing workers to increase production per hour.
1. Human capital
2. Technological knowledge
3. Physical capital

d. The skills workers learn during a training session.
1. Human capital
2. Technological knowledge
3. Physical capital

Answers

Answer:

a equals 3

b equals 3

c equals 1

d equals 2

Ajax, Inc., issued callable bonds with a par value of $1,000,000 that require the payment of a call premium of $10,000. The bonds have a carrying value of $990,000. We call these bonds prior to maturity on September 30.

Required:
Write down journal entry.

Answers

Answer: please see explanation column for answers.

Explanation:

The journal entry is as follows:

To record the bonds payable and retirement

Date                   Account titles and explanation    Debit           Credit

Sept 30,       Bonds payable                            $1,000,000

Loss on bonds retirement                              $20,000

             To Discount on bond                                                   $10,000

                To cash                                                                      $1,010,000

Calculation:

Loss on bonds retirement:Total Cash disbursements - carrying value  

= (par value of the bonds+ call premium) -carrying value

= ($1,000,000 + $10,000) - $990,000

= $1,010,000 - $990,000

= $20,000

_____ stock is the number of shares that a corporation's charter allows it to sell. The number of these shares usually exceeds the number of shares issued (and outstanding), often by a large amount.

Answers

An authorized stock is the number of shares that a corporation's charter allows to sell.

Authorized stock is the legal number or limit of shares that a company allows or authorizes to be sold or put in the market. This factor of policy is applicable as per the charter that the corporation allows or is legally viable to provide.

In the issue of sharing shares of a company, an organization can allow only a certain limit of shares that can be sold. This limit is the number of shares that a corporation can issue to its shareholders or investors.This stock is different from issued stock which refers to the actual number of stocks that the company has sold.Rather, authorized stock is the amount of shares that can be sold by the company and being provided in the market to be bought by shareholders or investors.

Thus, we can conclude that whatever limit a corporation allows or provides to be sold is the authorized stock. And it is only this number of shares that can be issued or given to a shareholder to buy.

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o What’s the Difference Between Non-Formal and Informal Learning

Answers

Answer:

I hope this will help you

Under IFRS, when a lessee recognizes a balance sheet asset and liability for a new lease: the asset and liability are equal. the asset is typically greater than the liability. the liability is typically greater than the asset.

Answers

Answer:

the asset and liability are equal.

Explanation:

IFRS 16 lease and IAS 17 deals in important changes where the lease transactions are reported in the lessee financial statement

In this the assets and liabilities that are occured from the lease should be initially determined on the present value basis

Also the assets and liability are equivalent to each other

Therefore the first option is correct

Kluber, Inc. had net income of $911,000 based on variable costing. Beginning and ending inventories were 56,100 units and 54,200 units, respectively. Assume the fixed overhead per unit was $1.80 for both the beginning and ending inventory. What is net income under absorption costing?
a. $811,730
b. $904,160
c. $1,010,270
d. $907,580
e. $911,000

Answers

Answer:

Net operating income (absorption)= $907,580

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Fixed overhead per unit= $1.80

Net income= $911,000 (variable costing)

Beginning inventory= 56,100 units

Ending inventory= 54,200 units

Under absorption costing, fixed manufacturing overhead is a product cost. We need to incorporate into the cost of goods sold the fixed overhead from beginning inventory and deduct the fixed overhead allocated into ending inventory.

Net operating income= 911,000

Less:

Fixed overhead beginning inventory= (1.8*56,100)

Add:

Fixed overhead ending inventory= (1.8*54,200)

Net operating income (absorption)= $907,580

A firm is making an economic loss of $100,000. This means that: multiple choice 1 the firm should immediately exit the industry. the firm's revenues are less than its opportunity costs. the firm is not making an accounting profit. the firm could increase economic profit if its resources were used in a different way. If a firm is making an economic profit of zero: multiple choice 2 it will have unhappy stockholders. it is not making an accounting profit. the firm should change to a different line of business. it cannot make a higher economic profit by changing how it is using its resources.

Answers

A firm is making an economic loss of $100,000. This means that:

Choice 1 -

The firm could increase economic profit if its resources were used in a different way.

If a firm is making an economic profit of zero:

Choice 2 -

It cannot make a higher economic profit by changing how it is using its resources.

What Is Economic Profit (or Loss)?An economic profit or loss is the difference between the revenue received from the sale of an output and the costs of all inputs used, as well as any opportunity costs. In calculating economic profit, opportunity costs and explicit costs are deducted from revenues earned.Opportunity costs are a type of implicit cost determined by management and will vary based on different scenarios and perspectives.The calculation for economic profit --Economic profit = revenues - explicit costs - opportunity costs

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Which of the following statements about the monetary aggregates is true?

a. The growth rates of M1 and M2 always track each other closely.
b. M1 is greater than M2.
c. When the growth rate of M2 increases, the growth rate of M1 must also increase.
d. When you transfer funds from your savings account to your checking account, M1 increases and M2 stays the same.

Given​ that, in billions of U.S.​ dollars, we have in​ currency, in demand​ deposits, in​ traveler's checks, in savings​ deposits, and in other checkable deposits. The total M1 amount in this economy is ​$__________

Answers

Answer: D. When you transfer funds from your savings account to your checking account, M1 increases and M2 stays the same.

Explanation:

1. Since M2 = M1 + Saving deposit + Time deposits + Money Market deposit of individuals, then from the options given, the true statement about the monetary aggregate is that when you transfer funds from your savings account to your checking account, M1 increases and M2 stays the same. Therefore, the fire option is D.

2. Your second question isn't well written but let's assume some figures in order to solve the question.

Let's say,

Currency = $863.2 billion

Demand deposit = $573.5 billion

Traveler's cheque = $3.8 billion

Savings deposit = $5237.8

Other checkable deposit = $319

Therefore, the total M1 amount in this economy will be:

M1 = Currency + Demand deposit + Travelers check + Other checkable deposits

= 863.2 + 573.5 + 3.8 + 319

= $1759.5 billion

Required information Skip to question [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] The Tennis Times (TTT) is a publisher of magazines. Its accounting policy for subscriptions follows: Revenues Revenues from our magazine subscription services are deferred initially and later recognized as revenue as subscription services are provided. Assume TTT (a) collected $420 million in 2018 for magazines that will be distributed later in 2018 and 2019, (b) provided $204 million of services on these subscriptions in 2018, and (c) provided $216 million of services on these subscriptions in 2019. Required: Using the information given, indicate the accounts, amounts, and accounting equation effects of transactions (a), (b), and (c). (Enter any decreases to assets, liabilities, or stockholders equity with a minus sign. Enter your answers in whole dollars.)

Answers

Answer:

The solution to the given question is defined in the attached file please find it.

Explanation:

unclearninglab.litmos.com
ng & Certifications
2022 Ethics and Compliance Test
2022 Ethics and Compliance Test
W PREVIOUS
X EXIT
Janine, currently enrolled in a 3-star plan,
discovers there is 5-star plan available where
she lives. She asks her agent, Josh, to enroll
her in the 5-star plan. Josh can advise Janine
of each of the following except:
Josh should tell Janine that she can only change her current plan to a 5-
star plan during the Annual Election Period.
Josh should tell Janine that she can only use the 5-Star SEP once per
calendar year.
Josh should tell Janine that she can change her current plan to a 5-star

Answers

Answer:

Janine and Josh

Josh can advise Janine  of each of the following except:

Josh should tell Janine that she can only change her current plan to a 5-

star plan during the Annual Election Period.

Explanation:

The Special Election Period (SEP) for the 5-star Medicare Plan lasts one week, that is, between Nov. 30 and Dec. 8.  However, there is an Annual Enrollment Period (AEP) that lasts from October 15th to December 7th.  During the annual enrollment period, any plan holder can change her Medicare plan, depending on its availability in her area.

9 Given figures showing: Sales £8,200, Opening inventory £1,300, Closing inventory £900, Purchases £6,400, Carriage inwards £200, the cost of goods sold figure is (A) £6,800 (B) £6,200 (C) £7,000 (D) Another figure

Answers

Explanation:

the correct answer is

B)£6,200

The difference between actual overhead costs incurred and the budgeted overhead costs based on a flexible budget is the: Multiple Choice Production variance. Controllable variance. Volume variance. Price variance. Quantity variance.

Answers

The difference between actual overhead costs incurred and the budgeted overhead costs based on a flexible budget is the controllable variance.

In accounting, there are two elements of a variance- rate variance and volume variance. While the rate variance refers to the difference in the actual price paid vs. the budgeted price, the volume variance refers to the portion of the variance in sales, unit usage.

The controllable variance is in the "rate" element of the variance.Controllable variance refers to the process by which the efficiency of using variable overhead resources is measured.This means that the controllable variance is the difference between the actual cost and the budgeted overhead cost.The calculation for this variance is: Actual overhear expense - (budgeted overhead cost x standard number of units)= overhead controllable variance.

In short, we can say that the controllable variance is the amount that is not part of the volume variance. Rather, it is the difference in the overhead cost incurred and the budgeted overhead cost.  

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Colorado Cleaning has a 5-year maximum acceptable payback period. The firm is considering the purchase of a new washing machine and must choose between two alternative ones. The first machine requires an initial investment of $25,000 and generates annual after-tax cash inflows of $6,500 for each of the next 8 years. The second machine requires an initial investment of $75,000 and provides an annual cash inflow after taxes of $9,500 for 15 years.

Required:
a. Determine the payback period for each machine.
b. Comment on the acceptability of the machines, assuming that they are independent projects.
c. Which machine should the firm accept? Why?
d. Do the machines in this problem illustrate any of the weaknesses of using payback? Discuss.

Answers

Answer:

a) Payback period = period up to which cumulative cash flow is negative +

                                    (negative cumulative cash flow /cash flow succeeding    

                                       the above period)

Project A - Up to year 4 ,cash flow recovered = 3000 * 4 = 12,000

Payback period =14,000/3,000 = 4.67 years

Project B= Cash flow recovered up to year 5 = 4000 * 5 = 20000

Payback period = 21,000/4,000 =5.25 years

b) On the basis of the Payback period, Project A should be selected, as it has a lower payback period and is also within the maximum acceptable payback period. back period.(4.67 < 5)

Project B should not be selected as its payback recovery is not within the maximum acceptable payback period (5.25 >5 )

c) Machine A should be selected as it has a lower payback period. than machine B.

d)The payback period ignores the life present value of cash flow and also the life of the machine each project has.

so the decision on the basis of the payback period may not be accurate.

Thomlin Company forecasts that total overhead for the current year will be $12,300,000 with 150,000 total machine hours. Year to date, the actual overhead is $8,270,500, and the actual machine hours are 97,300 hours. If Thomlin Company uses a predetermined overhead rate based on machine hours for applying overhead, as of this point in time (year to date), the overhead is a.$291,900 overapplied b.$291,900 underapplied c.$158,100 overapplied d.$158,100 underapplied

Answers

Answer:

b. $291,900 underapplied

Explanation:

With regards to the above information, we will calculate the predetermined overhead rate first.

Predetermined overhead rate = Estimated total overhead / Total machine hours

= $12,300,000 / 150,000

= $82 per machine hours

Total overhead = Predetermined overhead rate × Actual total machine hours

= $82 × 97,300

= $9,798,600

Then,

Overhead = Total overhead - Actual overhead

= $9,798,600 - $8,270,500

= $291,900 underapplied

1. The process of establishing the image or identity of a brand or product so that customers perceive it in a certain way is the definition of which of the following terms?

A. Marketing Strategy,
B. Social Media,
C. Marketing Position,
D. Target market

2. Anton's Coffee positions itself to provide the highest quality and most unique coffee drinks in the area. This is an example of which of the following?

A. Marketing Strategy
B. Social Media
C. Target Market
D. Marketing Postion

Answers

Answer:

Answer of your question is Marketing Position

Explanation:

Market positioning refers to the process of establishing the image or identity of a brand or product so that consumers perceive it in a certain way. For example, a car maker may position itself as a luxury status symbol.

Assume the government has a balanced budget and that the economy is experiencing a period of growth higher than predicted. The tax revenue collected by the government is likely to ________, which would lead to a ________.

Answers

The tax revenue that is collected by the government is likely to increase which would then lead to a budget surplus.

A budget reveals the expenditure and the revenue of the government for a particular fiscal year.

Since there is a balanced budget such that the revenue and the expenses for the given year is thesame, then due to the higher growth, there'll be an increase in the tax revenue.

The increase in tax revenue will then lead to a situation whereby the revenue is more than the expenditure, therefore this will lead to a budget surplus.

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______ occur whenever a third party receives or bears costs arising from an economic transaction in which the individual (or group) is not a direct participant.

a. Pecuniary benefits and costs
b. Externalities
c. Intangibles
d. Monopoly costs and benefits

Answers

The choose b. Externalities

Externalities occur whenever a third party receives or bears costs arising from an economic transaction in which the individual (or group) is not a direct participant.

I hope I helped you^_^

McKean Corporation authorized 500,000 shares of common stock in its articles of incorporation. On May 1, 2019, 100,000 shares were sold to the company's founders. However, on October 15, 2019, McKean repurchased 20,000 shares to settle a dispute among the founders. At this date, how many shares were issued and outstanding, respectively?

Answers

Answer:

100,000 shares and 80,000 shares

Explanation:

Calculation to determine how many shares were issued and outstanding, respectively

The shares that were issued will be 100,000 shares that were sold to the company's founders while the shares outstanding will be 80,000 shares Calculated as :

Shares outstanding=Shares issued -Shares repurchased

Shares outstanding=100,000 shares-80,000 shares

Shares outstanding =80,000 shares

Therefore the Number of shares that were issued and outstanding, respectively are:100,000 shares and 80,000 shares

Company J must choose between two alternate business expenditures. Expenditure 1 would require a $80,000 cash outlay and Expenditure 2 requires a $60,000 cash outlay.

a. Determine the marginal tax rate at which the after-tax cash flows from the two expenditures are equal assuming that Expenditure 1 is fully deductible and Expenditure 2 is nondeductible.
b. Determine the marginal tax rate at which the after-tax cash flows from the two expenditures are equal assuming that Expenditure 1 is 50% deductible and Expenditure 2 is nondeductible.

Answers

Answer:

A. 25%

B. 50%

C. 48000 after tax cash flow

Explanation:

a. lets assume marginal tax rate is X%

After tax cash flow of 80000 should equal to 60000$

$80000 - [$80000*X%] = 60000$

80000*X% = 80000-60000

80000*X% =20000

X = 20000/80000

= 25%

b.

$80000 - [$80000*50%*x%] = 60000$

40000*x%=20000

x%=50%

c.

$80000- [$80000*x] = 60000 - [60000*50%*x]

80000-60000 = [80000*x] - [30000*x]

20000 = 50000x

x=40%

check

80000-40% =48000 after tax cash flow

60000*50%

=60000- [60000*50%*40%]

=48000 after tax cash flow

Typical Request and Response Messages
The purpose of many business messages is to make a request or to reply to previously received communication. Familiarize yourself with the organization of these messages so you can communicate your purpose and achieve a positive outcome.
Read the scenario:
The office manager asks you for advice on how to structure a request message with numerous questions.
What advice would you give?
A. Give an approximate date for the deadline in the body.
B. Place the deadline in the opening.
C. Set an end date to take action in the closing.
Read the following request message:
To: Customer Support
From: Helen Martin
Subject: Warranty Information for Netbook Computer
Dear Customer Service,
I need this information by noon tomorrow at the latest. My team has an important presentation to give, and my netbook crashed while we were working on the presentation. I can’t find the warranty information anywhere. So I have a few questions.
Where is my warranty information? How long does it normally take to repair these machines? Do I have to mail the netbook to you, or can I bring it to your local repair shop?
Will you please answer these questions in a timely manner? Thank you in advance for your help.
Regards,
Helen Martin
1. Where do I find my warranty information?
Reason A: 2. How long does the average netbook repair take?
3. Do I need to mail in my netbook for repairs or bring it to your local repair shop?
Revision B: Where is my warranty information? How long does the average repair take? Do I have to mail in my netbook?
Revision C:
Where do I find the information?
How long does it take?
Can I take it to my local shop?
Which of the preceding revisions is the best revision for the body of this message?
A. Revision B
B. Revision C
C. Revision A
In addition to making requests, you will have to respond to requests in the business world.
Complete the following sentence with the dropdown menu.
Direct response messages might _______?
A. include long, flowery descriptions
B. use the "me" view
C. supply explanations and additional information
Many businesses use social media to communicate with customers. In order to make the most of social media, you should learn how to respond to various types of customer comments.
Read the scenario, and then answer the question.
You manage the social media presence of a company that manufactures travel apparel and gear. A customer posts an angry comment about a suitcase that failed to function properly after its first use. This is not the first complaint the product has received.
How should you respond to the customer?
A. Acknowledge the problem, and let the customer know that the company is working to rectify the situation.
B. Document and delete the comment. You don’t want news of the flawed product to spread.
C. Let the comment stand. No response is necessary.

Answers

Answer:

B. Place the deadline in the opening.

A. Revision B

B. Use the "me" view

A. Acknowledge the problem, and let the customer know that the company is working to rectify the situation.

Explanation:

Customer service is the most difficult task. If a customer is angry because of mis functioning of a product then concerns should be heard with patience and the company staff should try to resolve these issues and satisfy customer properly. One angry customer may take away 100 potential customers of a business.

Sybil, age 40, is single and supports her dependent parents who live with her, as well as her grandfather who is in a nursing home. She has AGI of $80,000 and itemized deductions of $8,000. What is the taxable income?

Answers

Answer:

$61,650

Explanation:

Calculation to determine the taxable income

Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) $80,000

Deduct Standard deduction (head of household) ($18,350)

Taxable Income $61,650

($80,000-$18,350)

Therefore the vthe taxable income is $61,650

The following data relate to direct materials for the month for the Hodge Wax Company: The standard costs for the work done was 5,900 pounds of wax at $9.50 per pound. The actual costs were 6,300 pounds at $9 per pound. What is the direct materials efficiency variance

Answers

Answer: $3800 U

Explanation:

The direct material efficiency variance will be calculated as follows:

Direct material efficiency variance = (Standard quantity - Actual quantity) × Standard price of material

= (5900 - 6300) × 9.50

= 400 × 9.50

= $3800 U

Therefore, the direct material efficiency variance is $3800 Unfavorable.

Beech Company produced and sold 105,000 units of its product in May. For the level of production achieved in May, the budgeted amounts were: sales, $1,300,000; variable costs, $750,000; and fixed costs, $300,000. The following actual financial results are available for May.
Actual
Sales (105,000 units) $ 1,275,000
Variable costs 712,500
Fixed costs 300,000
Prepare a flexible budget performance report for May.
Beech Company
Flexible Budget Performance Report
For Month Ended May 31
Flexible Budget
Actual Results
Variance
Favorable/Un fav.
Sales
Variable Expense
Contribution Margin
Fixed Expense
Income from Operations
(Could you please show how to get the Flexible Budget)

Answers

Answer:

I will answer next time not this

Bengal Co. provides the following unit sales forecast for the next three months: July August September Sales units 4,800 5,500 5,360 The company wants to end each month with ending finished goods inventory equal to 25% of the next month's sales. Finished goods inventory on June 30 is 1,200 units. The budgeted production units for July are: Multiple Choice 6,000 units. 3,600 units. 6,175 units. 2,400 units. 4,975 units.

Answers

Answer: 4,975 units

Explanation:

Budgeted production in July = Sales forecast for July + Ending inventory for July - Beginning inventory

Beginning inventory = 25% of July sales

= 25% * 4,800

= 1,200 units

Ending inventory = 25% of August sales

= 25% * 5,500

= 1,375 units

Budgeted production is therefore:

= 4,800 + 1,375 - 1,200

= 4,975 units

Annual interest rate 4.00%

Loan Amount 4923275

Years 7

Grace Period 2 Years

Loan Period 5 Years

Total 7 Years

Project 1.5 years (development or initial investment period)

further 10 years of operation (life of the project)

Repayable in 5 equal installments.

I need figures for interest expense, interest paid, and principal repayment. Anyone can help me?

Answers

Answer:

formula is PRT÷10

Explanation:

so solve it

Roanoke Company produces chocolate bars. The primary materials used in producing chocolate bars are cocoa, sugar, and milk. The standard costs for a batch of chocolate (1,827 bars) are as follows: Ingredient Quantity Price Cocoa 600 lbs. $0.40 per lb. Sugar 180 lbs. $0.60 per lb. Milk 150 gal. $1.70 per gal. Determine the standard direct materials cost per bar of chocolate. If required, round to the nearest cent.

Answers

Answer:

Roanoke Company

The standard direct materials cost per bar of chocolate is:

= $0.33.

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

A batch of chocolate = 1,827 bars

Standard Costs for a batch:

Ingredient   Quantity      Price

Cocoa          600 lbs.    $0.40 per lb.

Sugar            180 lbs.    $0.60 per lb.

Milk              150 gal.      $1.70 per gal.

Ingredient   Quantity      Price                 Total Cost

Cocoa          600 lbs.    $0.40 per lb.      $240.00 (600 * $0.40)

Sugar            180 lbs.    $0.60 per lb.         108.00 (180 * $0.60)

Milk              150 gal.      $1.70 per gal.     255.00 (150 * $1.70)

Total cost of batch of chocolate =         $603.00

Cost per bar = $0.33 ($603.00/1,827)

Presented below are definitions of certain terms. Select the appropriate term from the dropdown list. Definitions 1. Quantity of input required if a production process is 100% efficient. 2. Managing by focusing on large differences from standard costs. 3. Record that accumulates standard cost information. 4. Preset cost for delivering a product or service under normal conditions. a. Standard cost card b. Management by exception c. Standard cost d. Ideal standard

Answers

Answer:

1. Ideal standard

2. Management by exception

3. Standard cost card

4. Standard cost

Explanation:

Costing is the measurement of the cost of production of goods and services by assessing the fixed costs and variable costs associated with each step of production.

In Financial accounting, a direct cost can be defined as any expense which can easily be connected to a specific cost object such as a department, project or product. Some examples of direct costs are cost of raw materials, machineries or equipments.

On the other hand, any cost associated with the running, operations and maintenance of a company refers to indirect costs. Some examples of indirect costs are utility bill, office accessories, diesel etc.

1. Ideal standard: quantity of input required if a production process is 100% efficient.

2. Management by exception: Managing by focusing on large differences from standard costs.

3. Standard cost card: record that accumulates standard cost information.

4. Standard cost: preset cost for delivering a product or service under normal conditions.

In its closing financial statements for its first year in business, the Runs and Goses Company, had cash of $242, accounts receivable of $850, inventory of $820, net fixed assets of $3,408, accounts payable of $700, short-term notes payable of $740, long-term liabilities of $1,100, common stock of $1,160, retained earnings of $1,620, net sales of $2,768, cost of goods sold of $1,210, depreciation of $360, interest expense of $160, taxes of $312, addition to retained earnings of $508, and dividends paid of $218.

Calculate:

a. Return on equity = __________
b. Return on total assets = __________
c. Gross profit margin = __________
d. Net profit margin = __________

Answers

Answer:

return on equality

return on way

return on potos

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Return on Equity can be calculated as Return on Equity = Net Income / share holders equity. Return on Equity = 726 /2780. Thus, Return on Equity = 26.11%

What is Return on Equity?

The ratio of a company's net income to the equity of its shareholders is known as return on equity (ROE). A company's profitability and the effectiveness of its revenue generation are measured by its return on equity (ROE). A corporation is better at turning its equity financing into profits the higher the ROE.

Although average ratios and those deemed "good" and "poor" might differ significantly from industry to industry, a return on equity ratio of 15% to 20% is typically regarded as good. The ratio would be regarded as low at 5%.

b)Return on Asset Ratio

Return on Asset Ratio = Net Income / Total Assets

Return on Asset Ratio = 726/ 5,320

Return on Asset Ratio = 13.65%

c)Gross Profit Margin

Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit / Net Sales

Profit Margin = 1,558/ 2,768

Profit Margin =56.29%

d)Net Profit Margin

Net Profit Margin = Net Income / Net Sales

Profit Margin = 726/ 2,768

Net Profit Margin =26.23%

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As operations manager, you are concerned about being able to meet sales requirements in the coming months. You have just been given the following production report: JAN FEB MAR APR Units produced 2,250 1,750 2,750 2,950 Hours per machine 318 194 393 315 Number of machines 5 7 6 5 Find the average of the monthly productivity figures (units per machine hour).

Answers

Answer: 2.81 per hour

Explanation:

Average monthly productivity = (January productivity + February productivity + March productivity + April productivity) / 4

January productivity:

= Units produced / ( Hours per machine * Number of machines )

=  2,250 / ( 318 * 2 )

= 3.537

February productivity:

= 1,750/ ( 194 * 4 )

= 2.255

March productivity:

= 2,750 / ( 393 * 3 )

= 2.332

April productivity:

= 2,950/ ( 315 * 3)

= 3.121

Average monthly productivity = (3.537 + 2.255 + 2.332 + 3.121)/ 4

 = 2.81 per hour

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