now rank the substances from part 1 in order of expected melting point, based on the relative strengths of the interparticle attractions.

The first reaction in this case, the conversion of succinate to fumarate, falls under the dehydrogenation category.

The second reaction falls under the category of oxidative decarboxylation and involves the conversion of beta-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.

Isocitrate's conversion to -Ketoglutarate in the third reaction falls under the category of oxidative decarboxylation.

The fourth reaction, a succinyl-CoA to succinate conversion, falls under the heading of substrate-level phosphorylation.

The fifth reaction, the transformation of L-Malate to oxaloacetate, falls under the dehydrogenation category.

The sixth reaction, the transformation of fumarate to L-malate, falls under the hydration category.

Redox, dehydration, hydration, and decarboxylation reactions are all included in the eight steps of the citric acid cycle. Three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and one GTP or ATP molecule are formed during each cycle turn and used later in the process of cellular respiration to create ATP for the cell.

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Cindy's proposal is unsolicited, the indirect approach.

The inquiry method is characterized as a scholar-centered technique, this is, through this methodology the pupil is capable of constructing their personal way of studying. In this way, the scholar can expand hypotheses, talk with colleagues, and argue standards thru realistic experimental activities.

Inexperienced solvents are environmentally pleasant solvents, or bio solvents, which can be derived from the processing of agricultural crops. Using petrochemical solvents is the key to most people of chemical procedures but now not without intense implications on the environment.

Conceptual techniques: mastering through experience. Gaining knowledge through summary conceptualization by developing techniques and theories. Studying via lively experimentation. Learning via reflective commentary.

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Neither zinc(Zn) nor cobalt(Co) can be used as an inactive material. Both Zn and Co are active elements and they actively take part in the reactions.

Electrodes are defined as conductors that are used to make electrical contact with a non-metallic part of the circuit. Electrodes are of two types - reactive electrodes and inert electrodes

Reactive electrodes- These are the electrodes which take part in the reaction and can dissolve in the electrolyte. Examples are copper electrode, zinc electrode.

Inert electrodes - These electrodes do not take part in the reaction. Examples are carbon electrode etc.

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The major organic product obtained by reaction of benzoyl chloride with dimethylamine, (CH3)2 NH is in the figure.

For an organic chemist, a natural product is one this is produced by a living organism. This definition encompasses many compounds already mentioned, consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, all of which play an important and primary function in metabolic reactions.

The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, removal reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In natural synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules.

Exceptional chemical compounds used as fuels, insecticides and herbicides, diagnostics and medical devices, vitamins, perfumes, cosmetics, fabric and all styles of excessive-technology materials utilized in televisions, computers and other facts technology, and transportation and area machines are also the products of organic synthesis.

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Answer:

A fire could cause an increase in evaporation of water from surface water near the fire.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Wildfires can compromise water quality both during active burning and for months and years after the fire has been extinguished. Burned watersheds are prone to increased flooding and erosion, which can negatively affect water-supply reservoirs, water quality, and drinking-water treatment processes.

Wildfires can have immediate and long term effects on rivers, lakes, and streams. After burning vegetation, the ground's soil becomes hydrophobic and is unable to absorb any water. This creates what is known as stormwater runoff. Stormwater runoff is rainflow that travels over the surface of the ground.

please give me brainiest.

Mass of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) = 11.4 grams

Volume of 0.3 M aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) = 250 mL = 0.250L

Step 2: The balanced equation

2NH4Cl + K2CO3 → 2KCl + (NH4)2CO3

Step 3: Calculate moles of (NH4)Cl

moles (NH4)Cl = 11.4 grams /53.49 g/mol

Moles (NH4)Cl = 0.213 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles of K2CO3

Moles K2CO3 = Molarity * Volume

Moles K2CO3 = 0.3M * 0.250 L = 0.075 moles

Step 5: Calculate moles (NH4)Cl at the equilibrium

For 2 moles (NH4)Cl consumed, we need 1 mole of K2CO3 to produce 2 KCl and 1 mole of (NH4)2CO3

(NH4)2CO3l will dissolve in 2NH4+ + CO32-

Moles (NH4)2Cl = 0.213 moles - 2*0.075 = 0.063 moles

Moles NH4+ = moles (NH4)Cl = 0.063 moles

Step 6: Calculate Molarity of NH4+

Molarity = Moles / volume

Molarity of NH4+ = 0.063 moles / 0.250 L

Molarity of NH4+ = 0.252 M

Therefore, the molarity of the final ammonium cation is 0.252M

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The given statement is false, as a mole of horses contain 4 mole of horse legs.

The ratio of moles of molecules (or formula units) to moles of atoms can be used as a conversion factor. To create the conversion factor from this equation, write the magnitude on one side of the equal sign in the numerator of the fraction and the other magnitude on the denominator. Note that a second conversion factor can be created by interchanging the spelling of each quantity for the fraction bar. A conversion factor is an expression of the relationship between units used to change the units of a measured quantity without changing the value. The conversion factor (or unit factor) is always equal to 1, the numerator and denominator have the same value, and are expressed in different units.

Start with the number of horses in moles.

As every horse has has four legs. Use it as a conversion factor to convert the moles on the horse to the moles on the legs.

1 mol horse = 1 mol legs / 4 mol legs

1 mol horse × (4 mol legs / 1 mol legs) = 4 mol legs

4 mol legs ≠ 1 mol legs, so this is false.

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The Lewis structure of SiF₅ shows that there are 5 single bonds in the compound with no double bonds and the central silicon atom expands the octet since it is bonded with 9 electrons.

Silicon penta fluoride SiF₅ is a covalent compound formed by the sharing of electrons between silicon and fluorine. Silicon is 14th element and it have 4 valence electrons. Thus, it need 4 more electrons to attain octet.

Fluorine is 17th element  containing 7 valence electrons. Thus it needs 1 electron to attain octet. Each F shares their one valence electrons with silicon and Si thus exceeds octet by receiving 9 electrons. All the 5 bonds are single bonds.

The one extra pair of electron make the charge on the central atom. Thus the compound does not obey octet rule.

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The product of the reaction is m-nitrobenzaldehyde, option B.

M-nitrobenzaldehyde, also known as meta-nitrobenzaldehyde is an organic aromatic compound that contains a nitro-group which is meta substituted to an aldehyde. It is soluble in water at 2.34 mg/ml and a temperature of 25° C. It is also soluble in ethanol, benzene and slightly in ether. M-nitrobenzaldehyde production process is prepared by nitration.

The carboxylic group is meta directing and has an ortho-para deactivating group therefore, during nitration of benzaldehyde, meta position gains an attachment from the nitro group forming m-nitrobenzaldehyde as product.

The full question is:

Predict the major product for the reaction shown.

a. o-cyanonitrobenzene & p-cyanonitrobenzene

b. m-nitrobenzaldehyde

c. o-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid & p-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic  acid

d. m-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid

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When 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄  to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M

The concentration of H₃PO₄  can be calculated as follows:

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually by simply mixing the solute with more solvent by adding water to the solution.

The formula (M1V1=M2V2) represents the dilution formula in chemistry.

M1V1=M2V2

3.45 L x 0.35 M = M2 X 10.00 L

M2 =  3.45 L x 0.35 M

                10.00 L

M2 = 0.1207 M

Therefore, when 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄  to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M

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Answer:

B. Past changes in the climate have been faster than the changes we're seeing today

Explanation:

The Earth is warming abnormally quickly . Over the past century it has warmed roughly 10 times faster than the average increase in temperature after each ice age .

so the answer is B.Past changes in the climate have been faster than the changes we're seeing today.

Equations 1 & 2, Equations 2&3, and Equations 1&3 illustrate a favorable energetic coupling in a cell.

What is the non-spontaneous reaction?
A nonspontaneous reaction is one that under the specified conditions, does not favour the formation of products. A reaction needs to be endothermic, accompanied by the a drop in entropy, or both to qualify as nonspontaneous. The majority of the gases that make up our atmosphere are a combination of nitrogen and oxygen.

If G is positive, the reaction is not spontaneous and will need external energy. The reaction seems to be spontaneous and will happen on its own if G is negative.

Coupling of reactions-
Equations 1 and 2-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol
∆G total= -21.8kcal/mol( favourable reaction)
Equation 2&3-
∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol, ∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol
∆G total=-11.5kcal/mol(favourable)
Equations 3 and 4-
∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol, ∆G4= +7kcal/mol
∆G total=+10.3kcal/mol(unfavorable)
Equations 1 and 4-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G4=+7kcal/mol
∆G total= 0(reaction will be in equilibrium)
Equations 1 and 3-
∆G total=(-7+3.3)kcal/mol
=-4.3 kcal/mol(favorable)

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Acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH). As a result, when they combine, they have a neutralization reaction that produces water and sodium chloride.

The pH rises to about 7 as a result of neutralization, which happens when a base and a base combine. It is a useful technique that is applied in daily life, for example when lime is added to acid soils to treat and relieve indigestion. Furthermore, neutralization results in an alkali's pH dropping to about seven.

Taking a base balances out our stomach's excess acid. Due to the formic acid in the ant sting, it can be painful. Using wet baking soda, which really is basic in nature, we can counteract this acid impact and lessen the agony brought on by the sting.

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The Lewis structure of the arsenite is shown in the image attached.

We know that the Lewis structure of a compound can help us to be able to see the way that there can be a good arrangement of the atoms that we have in the compound.

There are two parts of the Lewis structure and they are;

-The symbol of the element

-The electrons in the elements shown as dots

For the arsenite, we can see tat we have one atom of arsenic and then we have two atoms of oxygen in the Lewis structure of the compound. The compound is linear in molecular geometry  but the electron domain geometry is trigonal planar.

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All tissues consist of two main components: cells and extracellular matrix, consisting of a gelatinous substance called ground substance and numerous different protein fibers.

Answer:

The conjugate acid is CH3COOH

Ionic bonding is expected in KF because in it one is metal and one is non-metal which is essential to form an ionic bond.

What is Ionic bonding?

Ionic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that includes the electrostatic attraction among oppositely charged ions, or among two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, and is the number one interplay taking place in ionic compounds. It is one of the primary styles of bonding alongside with covalent bonding and metal bonding. Ions are atoms (or organizations of atoms) with an electrostatic charge. Atoms that advantage electrons make negatively charged ions (called anions). Atoms that lose electrons make undoubtedly charged ions (called cations). This switch of electrons is thought as electrovalence in assessment to covalence.

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Answer:

Ammonium acetate, i think

A science teacher adds water to a strong acid for use in the lab with students. this makes the concentration weaker, because the amount of solute per volume of solvent decreases.

What is meant by concentration of the solution?

There are two components in an aqueous solution: the solute and the solvent. You must be familiar with these two fundamental terminology for solution concentration. The amount of solute in the solution must always be recorded. The quantity of a solute in a solvent is what we refer to in chemistry as the concentration of a solution. We refer to a solution as being concentrated when there is more solute present. Conversely, we refer to a solution as being diluted when it contains more solvent.

There are various methods of expressing the concentration of a solution. You will usually see Chemists working with the number of moles. Pharmacists will use percentage concentrations instead of the number of moles.

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Reaction time time elapse between stimulation and the start of reaction to the stimulation.

A chemical reaction occurs when one or more chemicals combine to generate one or more new substances. An illustration of this is when iron plus oxygen combine to make rust. Vinegar with baking soda together result in the production of water, carbon dioxide, and sodium acetate. flammable or explosive items.

Chemical processes occur when atoms form or break chemical bonds. Products are the chemicals that are produced as a result of a chemical reaction, whereas reagents are the ingredients that initiate one.

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The cations and anions are ions. They possess opposite electrical charge, so they get attracted to each other. Here the cation of the compound is Cr²⁺ whereas the anion is S²⁻.

A cation can be defined as the atom or molecule which is positively charged and an anion can be defined as the atom or molecule which is negatively charged. All the cations are found to be metal and the anions are non-metal.

The cation repels other cation whereas the anion repels another anion. The number of protons is more than the number of electrons in a cation whereas the number of electrons is more than the number of protons in an anion.

Here in the given compound CrS₂, the positively charged ion is Cr²⁺ which is the cation and the negatively charged ion is S²⁻ which is the anion.

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The molar solubility of SrF₂ in 1.3 x 10⁻² M of NaF is = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M

The primary distinction between molar solubility and product solubility constant is that the former refers to the rate of dissolution of a substance per liter of a solution, while the latter refers to the dissolving of a solid in an aqueous solution.

We have, Ksp expression for the SrF₂ = 4.3×10⁻⁹

Ksp = [Sr²⁺] [F⁻]²

4.3 x 10⁻⁹ = (x) × (1.3 x 10⁻²)²

or, x = (4.3 x 10⁻⁹) / (1.3 x10⁻²)² M

or, x = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M

Molar solubility of SrF₂ in 1.3 x 10⁻² M of NaF is = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M.

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Hydrogen and helium are the lightest elements in the periodic table.

translational = 3

rotational = 2

vibrational = 1

Total = 6

Internal energy = 6N  x 1 /2 k T where N is no of molecules

E₁ = 3 N kT

At the temperature of 1000K , helium  will have following degree of freedom

translational = 3

rotational = 0

vibrational =  0

Total = 3

Internal energy = 3N  x 1 /2 k T where N is no of molecules

E₂ = 3 / 2 N kT

Ratio =  E₁ / E₂

=  2

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There are two molecular orbitals are needed to form one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital.

Bond orbitals Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed in bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms are placed in anti-bonding orbitals.

Adding up the same number of atomic orbitals gives the same number of molecular orbitals. Two atomic orbitals combine to form two molecular orbitals. An anti-bonding orbital is essentially the opposite of a bonding orbital. They form when atomic orbitals combine in ways that lead to almost destructive interference.

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Answer:

sulfur is bigger than oxygen because the number of protons that are present in oxygen is 8, while the total number of protons of sulfur is 16 this clearly states that the size of sulfur is lager because of the higher number of protons and more filled orbitals.

If in a gas the volume is held constant and the temperature increases, pressure exerted by the gas also increases.

Ideal gas law

The gas law which relates the macroscopic properties of ideal gases is known as ideal gas law. A gas is known as an ideal gas when its particles (a) do not attract or repel one another and (b) take up no space (have no volume). The ideal gas law equation is given as the following,

(PV = nRT)

Where,

P is pressure

V is volume

R is the universal gas constant

T is the temperature and

n is the number of moles

As we can see from the equation that T is directly proportional to P so when V is kept constant and T increases P also increases.

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The wavelength of radiation required to ionize b4 is therefore equal to 4.51 kj/mol / 10.8 eV, or 0.42 nm.

What is radiation?
Based on the energy of a radiated particles, radiation is frequently divided into ionising and non-ionizing categories. More than 10 eV is carried by ionising radiation, which is sufficient to ionise atoms as well as molecules and rupture chemical bonds. Due to the significant differences in how harmful these substances are to living things, this distinction is crucial. Radioactive substances that emit radiation in the form of helium nuclei, electrons as well as positrons, or photons are frequently sources of ionising radiation.

The ground state ionization energy of b4 is the energy required to remove an electron from the atom in its ground state. This energy is usually expressed in kilojoules per mole (kj/mol) and is equal to the amount of energy required to ionize one mole of b4 atoms.

The wavelength (λ) of radiation required to ionize b4 is the energy of the photon of radiation divided by the ground state ionization energy of b4. This wavelength is usually expressed in nanometers (nm).

The ground state ionization energy of b4 is 10.8 eV, which is equal to 4.51 kj/mol. The wavelength of radiation required to ionize b4 is therefore equal to 4.51 kj/mol / 10.8 eV, or 0.42 nm.

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The energy is evolved during the reaction is  237.6 kJ

the reaction is given as:

B₂H₆   +  Cl₂    ---->  2BCl₃   +  6HCl

mass of B₂H₆  = 32.5 g

mass of  Cl₂ = 72.5 g

molar mass of B₂H₆  = 27.67 g/mol

number of moles of B₂H₆  = mass / molar mass

                                           = 32.5 / 27.67

                                           = 1.17 mol

number of moles of Cl₂ = mass /molar mass

                                       = 72.5 / 71

                                       = 1.02 mol

6 mol of Cl₂ = 1 mol of  B₂H₆

1.02 mol of  Cl₂  = 1.02 / 6 = 0.17 mol

1 mole of B₂H₆  = 1396 kJ/mol

0.17 mol B₂H₆  = 0.17 × 1396

                        = 237.6 kJ

The energy of the reaction = 237.6 kJ.

Thus, According to the following reaction, energy is evolved during the reaction of 32. 5 g  B₂H₆  and 72. 5 g   Cl₂   the molar mass of  B₂H₆ is 27. 67 g/mol is 237.6 kJ.

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The membrane is not associated with any movement of the na or k across the cell membrane Because the concentration of Na+ is higher outside the cell than inside the cell by a factor of 10.

4A.

Initiated by Influx od Na+

When a nerve is stimulated, Na ions enter in to the axon increasing the positive ions inside the axon. This causes reversal of the potential across the membrane. This is called depolarization which travels alsong the length of the neuron. Such a potential difference carried is called action potential. So, it all srats with influx of Na ions.

4B.

Cells of Macula densa are located in the afferent arteriole.

The above is not the right statement. Macula densa are the modified epithelial cells present in the walls of the distal convoluted tubule. It is not present in the walls of the afferent arteriole. Macula densa is sensitive to Na ion concentration. Low Na ions stimulate the juxta glomerulus to release Reinn which increases the blood pressure in blood vessels.

4C.

It represents the driving pressure for blood flow.

Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Where 120 is systolic pressure and 80 is diastolic pressure. The mean arterial pressure indicates the over all blood flow int he cardiac cycle so that the amount of nutrients reaching a tissue can be estimated. It is the average blood pressure in the cardiac cycle in an individual.

4 D

Arteriole diameter.

When the diameter of arteriole increases, there is more blood flowing in to capillaries with force. Because of increased pressure in arterioles, the capillary blood pressure will also increase. Decrease in colloidal osmotic pressure will decrease blood pressure. Interstitial cell albumin levles will not affect the blood pressure in blood vessels. Less arteriole resistance, blood pressure will reduce.

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The Lewis structure of the compound is shown in the image attached to this answer.

We know that the Lewis structure shows us what a compound looks like. The two parts of the Lewis structure would include the symbol of the element as well as the electron dots that can be used to show the number of valence electrons. This is why we call the Lewis structire the Lewis dot structure of a compound.

We can see that the compound here has an amine group as well as a carboxylic group and the Lewis structure would tell us the number of electron pairs that we have on the valence shell of  each of the atoms.

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