Answer:
$83,953
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the maturity value of the note
Maturity value=$82,039+($82,039*0.07*120/360)
Maturity value=$82,039+$1,914
Maturity value=$83,953
Therefore the maturity value of the note is $83,953
You are an investment manager and one of your clients is a famous soccer player. She is promised to be paid $5million three years from now. What is the present value of this cash flow today
Answer:
$4,153,268.86
Explanation:
The below is missing from the question:
Your discount rate for real cash flows is 5% APR, compounded monthly and you are expecting inflation of 1.2% per year (APR, annual compounding).
We need to convert the real interest rate to an effective annual rate as shown thus:
EAR=(1+APR/n)^n-1
APR=5%
number of times interest is compounded annually=12
EAR=(1+5%/12)^12-1
EAR=5.12%
Nominal Discount rate = [(1+ Real Discount rate)*(1+Inflation Rate)] - 1
Nominal Discount rate =(1+5.12%)*(1+1.2%)-1
Nominal discount rate=6.38%
Present value=future value/(1+nominal discount rate)^3
future value=$5,000,0000
nominal discount rate=6.38%
n=3 years
PV=$5,000,000/(1+6.38%)^3
PV= $4,153,268.86
Steven White is planning to save up for a trip to Europe in three years. He will need $8,100 when he is ready to make the trip. He plans to invest the same amount at the end of each of the next three years in an account paying 5 percent. What is the amount that he will have to save every year to reach his goal of $8,100 in three years
Answer:
Annual deposit= $2,560.39
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Future value= $8,100
Number of periods= 3 years
Interest rate= 5%
To calculate the annual deposit (annual saving), we need to use the following formula:
FV= {A*[(1+i)^n-1]}/i
A= annual deposit
Isolating A:
A= (FV*i)/{[(1+i)^n]-1}
A= (8,100*0.05) / [(1.05^3) - 1]
A= $2,560.39
A company had a budgeted production of 12000 units and actual production of 13200 units. Two types of raw material, P and Q are used in the manufacturing of the products. The budgeted raw material requirement of the company was expected to be 3 lbs. of Material P at a price of $ 0.25 per lbs. and 2 lbs. of Material Q at a price of $ 0.35 per lbs. for every unit produced. The company actually ended up using 42000 lbs. of P at an actual cost of $0.19 per lbs. and 25000 lbs. of Q at an actual cost of $0.38 per lbs. Calculate Direct Material Price and Usage Variance for material P and Q.\
Answer:
Direct Material Price Variance:
P = $2,520 F
Q = $750 U
Direct Material Usage Variance:
P = $1,500 U
Q = $350 U
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Budgeted production units = 12,000
Actual production units = 13,200
P Q
Budgeted raw material per unit 3 lbs 2 lbs
Price per lbs $0.25 $0.35
Budgeted raw materials 36,000 lbs 24,000 lbs
Actual lbs of raw materials 42,000 lbs 25,000 lbs
Actual price per lbs $0.19 $0.38
Direct Material Price Variance = (Standard Price - Actual Price) * Actual Qty
P = $0.25 - $0.19 * 42,000 = $2,520 F
Q = $0.35 - $0.38 * 25,000 = $750 U
Direct Material Usage Variance = (Standard Qty - Actual Qty) * Standard Price
P = 36,000 - 42,000 * $0.25 = $1,500 U
Q = 24,000 - 25,000 * $0.35 = $350 U
Suppose that there is no third-party payer in the medical care market in Uganda in 1955. Suppose that in 1960, health insurance companies begin operations in Uganda. All else being equal, what does supply and demand analysis predict will happen in the medical care market in 1960
Answer: b. Total expenditures will increase
Explanation:
Medical insurance reduces the amount that people have to pay to get health related services. Ugandans from the year 1960 can be expected to pay less for medical services as a result.
If people are able to pay less for a good or service, the normal thing that they would do would be to demand more of that good and service because it is more affordable. Total expenditure in the medical field will increase as a result.
The Science of Macroeconomics
Consider the different issues listed below. Place each of them into the appropriate category, depending upon whether the issue is best suited for study under microeconomics or macroeconomics.
A. Congress recently passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
B. Amazon now has a 40% share of all e-commerce revenues.
C. Tuition at the local university increased 11% from last year.
D. The U.S. unemployment rate fell below 4% in 2018.
1. Microeconomics
2. Macroeconomics
Answer:
Macroeconomics deals with events that affects the entire country or industry as a whole while Microeconomics affects individual members of the economy such as companies and people.
A. Congress recently passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. MACRO
This Act will affect the entire nation so it will fall under Macroeconomics.
B. Amazon now has a 40% share of all e-commerce revenues. MICRO
Amazon is a single company in the market so things related to it will be considered on a micro economic level.
C. Tuition at the local university increased 11% from last year. MICRO
The local university like Amazon, is a single body in the economy and so they are a microeconomic player.
D. The U.S. unemployment rate fell below 4% in 2018. MACRO
The unemployment rate of a nation relates to the nation as a whole so this will fall under macroeconomics.
Special tools in a 3-year property class have been bought at a cost of $15,000 for the manufacture of some critical parts in a plastic company. It is estimated that the salvage value at the end of a three-year useful life is $1000. (15 points)
a) The second -year MACRS depreciation is equal to:________
b) The second-year SOYD depreciation is equal to:________
Answer:
Special Tools MACRS and SOYD
a) The second -year MACRS depreciation is equal to:________
= $6,668
b) The second-year SOYD depreciation is equal to:________
= $4,667
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Cost of special tools= $15,000
Estimated salvage value = $1,000
Special tools depreciable amount = $14,000 ($15,000 - $1,000)
Property Class = 3-year
Second-year Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) for 3-year property class = 44.45%
Depreciation expense for the second year = $6,668 ($15,000 * 44.45%)
Second-year Sum-of-the-years-digit (SOYD) = $4,667 ( 2/6 * $14,000)
During 2020, Lincoln Company hires 22 individuals who are certified to be members of a qualifying targeted group. Each employee works in excess of 600 hours and is paid wages of $13,600 during the year. Determine the amount of Lincoln's work opportunity credit. $fill in the blank 1 .
Answer:
$52,800
Explanation:
The computation of the amount of Lincoln's work opportunity credit is shown below:
Since the employees work in excess of 600 hours so it should be more than 400
So, the work opportunities credit for each would be $6,000 × 40% i.e. $2,400
Now the amount of Lincoln's work opportunity credit is
= $2,400 × 22
= $52,800
A steam boiler has a first cost of $50,000. Use the sum-of-years digits (SOYD) depreciation accounting method with a $5,000 salvage value and a 10-year depreciation life; determine the boiler's book value at the end of year eight.
Answer:
$2,425
Explanation:
Sum of the digits = 10 + 9 + 8+7 +6 + 5+ 4+ 3+ 2 +1 = 55
Depreciation expense :
1st year = 10/55 x $45,000 = $8,182
2nd year = 9/55 x $45,000 = $7364
3rd year = 8/55 x $45,000 = $6,545
4th year = 7/55 x $45,000 = $5,757
5th year = 6/55 x $45,000 = $4,909
6th year = 5/55 x $45,000 = $4,091
7th year = 4/55 x $45,000 = $3,273
8th year = 3/55 x $45,000 = $2,454
Total depreciation = $42,575
Book Value = $45,000 - $42,575 = $2,425
the boiler's book value at the end of year eight is $2,425
Cox Footwear pays a constant annual dividend. Last year, the dividend yield was 3.2 percent when the stock was selling for $35 a share. What is the current price of the stock if the current dividend yield is 2.9 percent
Answer:
$38.62
Explanation:
Dividend yield = dividend / price
3.2% = dividend / $35
0.032 x 35 = dividend
dividend = $1.12
current price of the stock
2.9% = $1.12 / price
price = $1.12 / 0.029
= $38.62
Flagstaff Company has budgeted production units of 7,900 for July and 8,100 for August. The direct labor requirement per unit is 0.50 hours. Labor is paid at the rate of $21 per hour. The total cost of direct labor budgeted for the month of August is:
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
The budgeted direct labor cost for August can be computed by multiplying the labor rate per hour by the labor hours worked in August.
Assume one unit consumes 0.50 labor hours, the labor hours worked in August are;
Labor hours - August = 0.50 × 8,100 = 4,050 labor hours
Therefore, the labor cost for August are budgeted to be;
Direct labor cost - August = 4,050 × $21 = $85,050
Moral hazard is a situation when a. contract terms attract parties that have a higher preference for risk b. contract terms incentivize applications of worse customers and repels better ones because of generous variable benefits, but high fixed-costs c. contract terms incentivize one party to take on more risk because they don't carry the full cost of the risk d. contract terms repel parties that have a lower preference for risk
Answer:
contract terms incentivize one party to take on more risk because they don't carry the full cost of the risk
Explanation:
A moral hazard can be understood as the concept that a participant that is sheltered from danger in some manner will behave significantly than if they were not.
Every day, we see moral hazard in the form of established academics who remain apathetic presenters, individuals who have burglary insurance who are less attentive about where they parked, compensated workers who take long vacations, and etc.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the correct option is C.
Aaron, Deanne, and Keon formed the Blue Bell General Partnership at the beginning of the current year. Aaron and Deanne each contributed $110,000 and Keon transferred an acre of undeveloped land to the partnership. The land had a tax basis of $70,000 and was appraised at $180,000. The land was also encumbered with a $70,000 nonrecourse mortgage for which no one was personally liable. All three partners agreed to split profits and losses equally. At the end of the first year Blue Bell made a $7,000 principal payment on the mortgage. For the first year of operations, the partnership records disclosed the following information:
Sales revenue $470,000
Cost of goods sold $410,000
Operating expenses $70,000
Long-term capital gains $2,400
§1231 gains $900
Charitable contributions $300
Municipal bond interest $300
Salary paid as a guaranteed payment to Deanne (not included in expenses) $3,000
a. Compute the adjusted basis of each partner’s interest in the partnership immediately after the formation of the partnership.
b. List the separate items of partnership income, gains, losses, and deductions that the partners must show on their individual income tax returns that include the results of the partnership’s first year of operations.
c. (Optional) Using the information generated in answering parts a. and b., prepare Blue Bells’ page 1 and Schedule K to be included with its Form 1065 for its first year of operations along with Schedule K-1 for Deanne.
d. What are the partners’ adjusted bases in their partnership interests at the end of the first year of operations?
Answer:
As attached.
Explanation:
Ace Technologies, Inc., wants to issue securities for sale to the public. With respect to this issue, the essential purpose of the Securities Act of 1933 is to
Answer:
require disclosure of all essential information concerning the issuance of securities.
Explanation:
The Securities Act of 1933 was considered the first federal legislation which is used to regulating the stock market. This act took the power away from the states and it gave the powers to the federal government. The Securities Act also created an uniform set of rules which is used to protect the investors against any kind of fraud. President Franklin D gave his assent to this act.
In the context, if Ace Technologies wants to issue securities to the general public for sale, Ace Technologies should disclose all the essential information about the issuance of the securities according to the Securities Act of 1933.
g When a court awards custody of a child to one parent and not the other, this is an example of: Group of answer choices all of the answers are correct monetary relief monetary damages equitable relief
Answer:
equitable relief
Explanation:
A court refers to an enclosed space such as a hall or chamber where legal practitioners (judges, lawyers or attorneys and a jury) converge to hold judicial proceedings.
A lawyer refers to an individual who has obtained a law degree and is saddled with the responsibility of giving legal advice, initiate and execute lawsuits for his or her clients. These legal practitioners are saddled with the legal responsibility of listening to evidence and give a verdict about legal cases.
An equitable relief also referred to as equitable remedy can be defined as judicial remedies granted to an aggrieved person by a court of equity, requiring that the other party act or refrain from indulging in a specific act because ordinary legal remedies couldn't provide the aggrieved party sufficient (adequate) restitution for an offense commited against him or her. Thus, an equitable relief (remedy) is an injunction granted by a court of equity requiring a party to a contract to either act (mandamus or specific performance) or refrain from indulging in a particular act.
In this context, when a court of competent jurisdiction awards or grants custody of a child to one parent rather than awarding it to the other, this is an example of equitable relief.
In conclusion, an equitable relief or remedy is typically a nonmonetary judgement granted by a court of equity when ordinary legal remedies fail to provide sufficient (adequate) restitution to an aggrieved party.
A cost-cutting project will decrease costs by $66,100 a year. The annual depreciation will be $15,750 and the tax rate is 35 percent. What is the operating cash flow for this project?
Answer:
$48,478
Explanation:
Calculation to determine What is the operating cash flow for this project
Operating cash flow = [$66,100 ×(1 -.35)] + [$15,750 ×.35]
Operating cash flow = [$66,100 ×.65)+5,513.
Operating cash flow = 42,965+5,513
Operating cash flow = $48,478
Therefore the operating cash flow for this project will be $48,478
Wang Systems operates in a state that has a corporate tax rate of 8% and is deductible from the income taxed by the federal government. If the incremental federal tax is 34%, then the combined effective tax rate is 36.9%
a) true
b) false
Anthony Walker plans to invest $28,400 a year at the end of each year for the next seven years in an investment that will pay him a rate of return of 9.8 percent. How much money will Anthony have at the end of seven years
Answer:
267,785.95
Explanation:
28400 X (1.098)^7 = 267,785.95
In a 150 pax of guest dining in a restaurant, how will your facility be designed to accommodate that number of guests?
Answer:
To build the facility having compartments over one another.
Explanation:
The facility will be designed in a three compartment that are present on one another so then it will accommodate more number of guests. The building of compartment over one another can enable us to accommodate three times more people on the same piece of land so we can conclude that making the facility in the form of building over one another can accommodate more number of people.
A simple optimal portfolio problem is the cash matching problem.
Suppose you are given a sequence of future monetary obligations, in dollars, required to be paid at the end of each year over the next 10 years as follows:
YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
OBLIGATION 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
We wish to invest now so that these obligations can be met as they occur, accordingly, we must purchase bonds of various maturities and use the associated future cash flows to meet the obligations.
Suppose there are 10 zero coupon bonds available to be purchased, each with a face value of $100. The maturities of the zero coupon bonds span 1 to 10 years, and the price of each zero coupon bond is consistent with a flat term structure: all spot rates are equal to 5% annually. To be clear, we have available a 1-year zero coupon bond with 5% yield, a 2-year zero coupon bond with 5% yield, a 3-year zero coupon bond with a 5% yield, all the way up to a 10-year zero coupon bond with a 5% yield, for a total of 10 zero coupon bonds. The objective function to be minimized is the total cost of the portfolio, which is equal to the sum of the prices of the bonds times the number of units purchased.
How many units of the 5-year zero coupon bond should be purchased in the optimal portfolio? Please round your numerical answer to the nearest integer number of units.
Answer:
The units of the 5-year zero coupon bond that should be purchased in the optimal portfolio is:
= 6 units
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Spot rates = 5% annually
Yield of a 1-year zero coupon bond = 5%
Yield of a 2-year zero coupon bond = 5%
Yield of a 3-year zero coupon bond = 5%
Yield of a 4-year zero coupon bond = 5%
Yield of a 5-year zero coupon bond = 5%
Yield of a 6-year up to a 10-year zero coupon bond = 5%
Future Monetary Obligations:
YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
OBLIGATION 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
PV factor 1.05 1.1025 1.1576 1.2155 1.2763 etc.
Present value of a 5-year zero coupon bond = $78.35 ($100/1.2763)
Number of units of the 5-year zero coupon bond that should be purchased in the optimal portfolio = 6.382 ($500/$78.35)
= 6 units
In general, accelerating cash inflows and decelerating cash outflows would maximize the time value of money.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
In the case of the accelarating the cash flows, it permits the business to pay off the bills, and the other liabilities on time so that the company is eligible for taking some trade discount when the payment is made within the specified period as mentioned by suppliers
On the other hand, if the cash flows are decelerating that means the payment is not made within time so ultimately it give rise to the time value of money
Therefore the given statement is true
The Sneed Corporation issues 10,000 shares of $50 par preferred stock for cash at $75 per share. The entry to record the transaction will consist of a debit to Cash for $750,000 and a credit or credits to a.Paid-In Capital from Preferred Stock for $750,000 b.Preferred Stock for $500,000 and Retained Earnings for $250,000 c.Preferred Stock for $500,000 and Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock for $250,000 d.Preferred Stock for $750,000
Answer:
b) Preferred Stock for $500,000.00 and Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par-Preferred Stock for $250,000.00
Explanation:
Based on the information given The Appropriate journal entry to record the transaction will consist of a debit to Cash for $750,000 and a credit or credits to PREFERRED STOCK FOR $500,000.00 and PAID-IN CAPITAL IN EXCESS OF PAR-PREFERRED STOCK FOR $250,000.00
Dr Cash $750,000
(10,000 shares *$75)
Cr Preferred Stock for $500,000.00
(10,000 shares *$50)
Cr Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par-Preferred Stock for $250,000.00
($750,000-$500,000]
gThe following data are available for Martin Solutions, Inc. Year 2 Year 1 Sales $1,139,600 $1,192,320 Beginning inventory 80,000 64,000 Cost of goods sold 500,800 606,000 Ending inventory 72,000 80,000 Required: Assume a 365-day year. Determine for each year:
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below;
For Year 1
Average inventory = (Beginning inventory + Ending inventory)÷ 2
= ($64,000 + $80,000) ÷ 2
= $72,000
Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold ÷ Average inventory
= $606,000 ÷ 72,000
= 8.4 times
Days in inventory = 365 ÷ Inventory turnover ratio
= 365 ÷ 8.4
= 43.5 days
For Year 2
Average inventory = (Beginning inventory + Ending inventory) ÷ 2
= ($80,000 + $72,000) ÷ 2
= $76,000
Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold ÷ Average inventory
= $500,800 ÷ 76,000
= 6.6 times
Days in inventory = 365 ÷ Inventory turnover ratio
= 365 ÷ 6.6
= 55.3 days
An investment earns 35% the first year, earns 40% the second year, and loses 38% the third year. The total compound return over the 3 years was
Answer:
17.18%
Explanation:
compound return = ( 1 + 0.35)x (1 + 0.40) x (1-0.38) - 1
1.35 x 1.40 x 0.62 - 1 = 17.18%
The following data were accumulated for use in reconciling the bank account of Creative Design Co. for August 20Y6:
1. Cash balance according to the company’s records at August 31, $24,270.2. Cash balance according to the bank statement at August 31, $32,278.3. Checks outstanding, $14,668.4. Deposit in transit, not recorded by bank, $7,170.5. A check for $58 in payment of an account was erroneously recorded in the check register as $580.6. Bank debit memo for service charges, $12.A. Prepare a bank reconciliation, using the format shown in
B. If the balance sheet were prepared for Creative Design Co. on August 31 what amount should be reported for cash?
C. Must a bank reconciliation always balance (reconcile)
A) NoB) Yes.
Amount DescriptionsAdjusted balanceBank service chargeBank error in charging check as $58 instead of $580Bank error in charging check as $580 instead of $58Deposit in transit, not recorded by bankError in recording check as $58 instead of $580Error in recording check as $580 instead of $58Outstanding checksTotal adjustments
Answer:
Creative Design Co.
A. Bank Reconciliation Statement as of August 31:
Balance as per bank statement $32,278
Deposit in transit, $7,170
Checks outstanding, ($14,668)
Balance as per adjusted cash bal. $24,780
B. The amount that should be reported for cash is $32,278.
C. B) Yes. A bank reconciliation must always balance (reconcile), otherwise, the purpose of the reconciliation is defeated.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
1. Cash balance according to the company’s records at August 31, $24,270.
2. Cash balance according to the bank statement at August 31, $32,278
3. Checks outstanding, $14,668
4. Deposit in transit, not recorded by bank, $7,170
5. A check for $58 in payment of an account was erroneously recorded in the check register as $580.
6. Bank debit memo for service charges, $12
Cash Book Adjustment:
August 31 balance $24,270
add overstatement of check 522
less bank charges 12
Adjusted balance $24,780
The following labor standards have been established for a particular product: Standard labor hours per unit of output 4.4 hours Standard labor rate $ 17.70 per hour The following data pertain to operations concerning the product for the last month: Actual hours worked 6,200 hours Actual total labor cost $ 110,360 Actual output 1,300 units Required: a. What is the labor rate variance for the month? b. What is the labor efficiency variance for the month?
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
To calculate the direct labor rate variance, we need to use the following formula:
Direct labor rate variance= (Standard Rate - Actual Rate)*Actual Quantity
Direct labor rate variance= (17.7 - 17.8)*6,200
Direct labor rate variance= $620 unfavorable
Actual rate= 110,360/6,200= $17.8
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)*standard rate
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (1,300*4.4 - 6,200)*17.7
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= $8,496 unfavorable
35. The three all-encompassing internal resource categories used in the resource-based view are physical resources, human resources, and ___________________
Answer:
Organizational resources.
Explanation:
A resource-based view can be defined as a managerial framework or model that is typically used by an organization to examine and determine the fundamental resources that it can use or exploit in order to achieve competitive advantage that is sustainable over a period of time.
The three (3) all-encompassing internal resource categories used by many businesses in the resource-based view are physical resources, human resources, and organizational resources.
Competitive advantage can be defined as conditions, factors or circumstances that allow a business firm (organization) to manufacture finished goods or services better and perhaps cheaper than other (rival) firms in the same industry. Thus, it's responsible for putting a business firm in a superior or more favorable position than rival firms.
This ultimately implies that, a competitive advantage has a significant impact on a business because it increases its level of sales, revenue generation and profit margin when compared to rival firms in the same industry.
Financial statement data for years ending December 31 for Tango Company follow: 20Y7 20Y6 Cost of goods sold $3,894,185 $4,002,225 Inventories: Beginning of year 795,700 773,800 End of year 861,400 795,700 Required a. Determine the inventory turnover for 20Y7 and 20Y6. Round to one decimal place.
Answer:
A. 20Y7 Inventory Turnover 4.7
20Y6 Inventory Turnover=5.1
B. 20Y7 77.66 days
20Y6 71.57 days
Explanation:
A. Calculation to determine the inventory turnover for 20Y7 and 20Y6
Using this formula
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold/Average inventory
Let plug in the formula
20Y7 Inventory Turnover=$3,894,185/[(795,700+861,400)/2]
20Y7 Inventory Turnover=$3,894,185/($1,657,100/2)
20Y7 Inventory Turnover=$3,894,185/828,550
20Y7 Inventory Turnover=4.7
20Y6 Inventory Turnover= $4,002,225/(773,800+795,700)/2]
20Y6 Inventory Turnover=$4,002,225/(1,569,500/2)
20Y6 Inventory Turnover=$4,002,225/784,750
20Y6 Inventory Turnover=5.1
B. Calculation to determine the number of days' sales in inventory for 20Y7 and 20Y6
Days in inventory = 365/Inventory Turnover
20Y7 Days in inventory=365/4.7=77.66 days
20Y6 Days in inventory=365/5.1=71.57 days
If a contingent liability is reasonably estimable and it is reasonably possible that the contingency will occur, the contingent liability Group of answer choices should be recorded in the accounts. should be disclosed in the notes accompanying the financial statements. should not be recorded or disclosed in the notes until the contingency actually happens. must be paid for the amount estimated.
Answer:
Should be disclosed in the notes accompanying the financial statements
Explanation:
You have to report contingent liabilities that are reasonably possible to occur, but since they haven’t occurred, you don’t record or pay them until they actually occur. You report them in the notes only.
Hsu Company reported the following on its income statement: Income before income taxes $420,000 Income tax expense 120,000 Net income $300,000 Interest expense was $80,000. Hsu Company's times interest earned is a.6.25 times b.5 times c.5.25 times d.8 times
Answer:
a. 6.25 times
Explanation:
Times interest earned ratio = Earnings before income taxes / Total interest expense
Earnings before income taxes = Income before taxes + interest expense
Earnings before income taxes = $420,000 + $80,000
= $500,000
Total interest expense = $80,000
Therefore,
Times interest earned ratio = $500,000 / $80,000
= 6.25 times
It's clear that the lives of many creative artists are being transformed by digital technology. But competing schools of thought cite the very same technology in support of strikingly different conclusions.
One group, for example, says the ability to widely distribute the best performers' products at low cost portends a world where even small differences in talent command huge differences in reward. That view is known as the "winner take all" theory.
In contrast, the "long tail" theory holds that the information revolution is letting sellers prosper even when their offerings appeal to only a small fraction of the market. This view foresees a golden age in which small-scale creative talent flourishes as never before.
Long-tail proponents often portray best-selling entertainment as lowest-common-denominator compromises whose only real advantage is lower cost made possible by large-scale distribution and sales. If technology makes scale less important, they argue, people will turn to the more idiosyncratic offerings that they really prefer. In principle, at least, this creates exciting new possibilities for small-scale sellers.
In practice, however, winner-take-all effects still appear to dominate. Long-tail proponents predict that the least-popular offerings should be capturing market share from the most popular. But as Anita Elberse, a professor at the Harvard Business School, recounts in her 2013 book "Blockbusters", the entertainment industry's experience has been the reverse. Digital song titles selling more than one million copies, for example, accounted for 15 percent of sales in 2011, up from 7 percent in 2007. The publishing and film industries experienced similar trends.
What's happening? One possibility is that today's tighter schedules have made people more reluctant to sift through the growing avalanche of options confronting them. Still, the growing market share of top sellers doesn't invalidate the promise of small-scale creative energy. Using big data, producers can now take aim at highly idiosyncratic buyers, and online searches help many such buyers find just the quirky offerings they're seeking.
Your 3-5 sentence summary:
Answer and Explanation:
Artists' lives have been changed by digital technology. This has created different schools of thought such as the "winner take all" theory, which claims that delivering high quality products at low cost will create a world where small differences in talent demand large differences in reward, and the "long tail" theory, who claims that digital technology is creating a small portion of sellers that the market will adapt to, promoting low-cost products. These two theories are effective in different realities. However, the existence of both proves the change that programming and technology has been showing in entertainment and in the market.
According to the passage, there are two main schools of thought.
The first is the Winner take all school of thought which is of the opinion that digital technology which provides the opportunity to widely distribute the best performers' product at low cost where little differences in talent could translate to huge rewards in the market.
The second is the long tail school of thought which posits that sellers are large beneficiaries even when they control a little market share.
Anita Elberses' 2013 book "Blockbuster" reveals that a reverse trend was observed in the entertainment industry which could also be said about the publishing and film industries.
It is worthy to note that although there is an exponential growth in available options, buyers can use online search to streamline the product they wish to buy.
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