Predict the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following:(a) IOF5 (I is the central atom)
(b) [tex]\mathrm{POCl} 3[/tex] ( [tex]\mathrm{P}[/tex] is the central atom)
(c) [tex]\mathrm{Cl} 2 \mathrm{SeO}[/tex] (Se is the central atom)
(d) [tex]\mathrm{ClSO}+[/tex]

13.929484 g is the mass in  grams of calcium hydroxide will be needed to react completely with 18.52 grams of sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric acid, also known as sulphuric acid or oil of vitriol in the past, is a mineral acid made up of the elements hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur with the chemical formula H2SO4. It is a viscous liquid that is miscible with water. It has no color or smell.

Ca(OH)2+H2SO4→2H2O + CaSO4

1 mol Ca(OH)2 react with 1 mol H2SO4

molar mass of Ca(OH)2 =74.093 g/mol

molar mass of  H2SO4=98.079 g/mol

⇒mol of H2SO4 in 18.52 grams=

⇒ 18.52/98.079 =0.188 mol H2SO4

So, 0.188 mol H2SO4

molar mass Ca(OH)2 =74.093 g/mol

Mass of  0.188 mol H2SO4= 0.188*74.093 g/mol=13.929484 g

13.929484 g is the mass in  grams of calcium hydroxide will be needed to react completely with 18.52 grams of sulfuric acid.

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Answer:

B. Past changes in the climate have been faster than the changes we're seeing today

Explanation:

The Earth is warming abnormally quickly . Over the past century it has warmed roughly 10 times faster than the average increase in temperature after each ice age .

so the answer is B.Past changes in the climate have been faster than the changes we're seeing today.

Answer:

Ammonium acetate, i think

The cations and anions are ions. They possess opposite electrical charge, so they get attracted to each other. Here the cation of the compound is Cr²⁺ whereas the anion is S²⁻.

A cation can be defined as the atom or molecule which is positively charged and an anion can be defined as the atom or molecule which is negatively charged. All the cations are found to be metal and the anions are non-metal.

The cation repels other cation whereas the anion repels another anion. The number of protons is more than the number of electrons in a cation whereas the number of electrons is more than the number of protons in an anion.

Here in the given compound CrS₂, the positively charged ion is Cr²⁺ which is the cation and the negatively charged ion is S²⁻ which is the anion.

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[tex]{ \purple{ \tt{weak \: base}}}[/tex]

Explanation:

Because, in ethylamine, the carbon nearer to amine is a methyl group and they are electron releasing groups. So, the methyl group helps to increase electron charge density and it makes the compound more basic.

CH₃CH₂NH₂ (ethyl amine) is nucleophilic base.

A substance that can neutralize acids and accept hydrogen ions from water. Bases can turn some dyes blue and feel slippery or soapy on the skin. Sodium hydroxide is a good illustration of a base.

Because methyl groups, which are electron-releasing groups, are located closer to the amine in ethyl amine. The methyl group thus contributes to an increase in electron charge density and increases the basicity of the molecule.

The chemical formula for ethanamine, sometimes referred to as ethyl amine, is CH₃CH₂NH₂. It is base.

Thus, CH₃CH₂NH₂ is base.

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A science teacher adds water to a strong acid for use in the lab with students. this makes the concentration weaker, because the amount of solute per volume of solvent decreases.

What is meant by concentration of the solution?

There are two components in an aqueous solution: the solute and the solvent. You must be familiar with these two fundamental terminology for solution concentration. The amount of solute in the solution must always be recorded. The quantity of a solute in a solvent is what we refer to in chemistry as the concentration of a solution. We refer to a solution as being concentrated when there is more solute present. Conversely, we refer to a solution as being diluted when it contains more solvent.

There are various methods of expressing the concentration of a solution. You will usually see Chemists working with the number of moles. Pharmacists will use percentage concentrations instead of the number of moles.

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The mass of the polystyrene sample is 57.3 grams.

Styrofoam cups help insulate the reaction mixture and slow heat loss from the sides and bottom. Of course, heat is lost through the surface of the liquid mixture, but this can be reduced by using a styrofoam lid with a hole for the thermometer.

The Coffee Mug Calorimeter is essentially a polystyrene mug with a lid. A beaker is partially filled with a known amount of water and a thermometer is inserted through the lid of the beaker so that the bulb is submerged. A coffee cup calorimeter is a convenient and simple device that can be used to measure the temperature change that accompanies a reaction.

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Reaction time time elapse between stimulation and the start of reaction to the stimulation.

A chemical reaction occurs when one or more chemicals combine to generate one or more new substances. An illustration of this is when iron plus oxygen combine to make rust. Vinegar with baking soda together result in the production of water, carbon dioxide, and sodium acetate. flammable or explosive items.

Chemical processes occur when atoms form or break chemical bonds. Products are the chemicals that are produced as a result of a chemical reaction, whereas reagents are the ingredients that initiate one.

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Ionic bonding is expected in KF because in it one is metal and one is non-metal which is essential to form an ionic bond.

What is Ionic bonding?

Ionic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that includes the electrostatic attraction among oppositely charged ions, or among two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, and is the number one interplay taking place in ionic compounds. It is one of the primary styles of bonding alongside with covalent bonding and metal bonding. Ions are atoms (or organizations of atoms) with an electrostatic charge. Atoms that advantage electrons make negatively charged ions (called anions). Atoms that lose electrons make undoubtedly charged ions (called cations). This switch of electrons is thought as electrovalence in assessment to covalence.

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When 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄  to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M

The concentration of H₃PO₄  can be calculated as follows:

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually by simply mixing the solute with more solvent by adding water to the solution.

The formula (M1V1=M2V2) represents the dilution formula in chemistry.

M1V1=M2V2

3.45 L x 0.35 M = M2 X 10.00 L

M2 =  3.45 L x 0.35 M

                10.00 L

M2 = 0.1207 M

Therefore, when 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄  to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M

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The Lewis structure of the compound is shown in the image attached to this answer.

We know that the Lewis structure shows us what a compound looks like. The two parts of the Lewis structure would include the symbol of the element as well as the electron dots that can be used to show the number of valence electrons. This is why we call the Lewis structire the Lewis dot structure of a compound.

We can see that the compound here has an amine group as well as a carboxylic group and the Lewis structure would tell us the number of electron pairs that we have on the valence shell of  each of the atoms.

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There are two molecular orbitals are needed to form one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital.

Bond orbitals Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed in bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms are placed in anti-bonding orbitals.

Adding up the same number of atomic orbitals gives the same number of molecular orbitals. Two atomic orbitals combine to form two molecular orbitals. An anti-bonding orbital is essentially the opposite of a bonding orbital. They form when atomic orbitals combine in ways that lead to almost destructive interference.

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The energy is evolved during the reaction is  237.6 kJ

the reaction is given as:

B₂H₆   +  Cl₂    ---->  2BCl₃   +  6HCl

mass of B₂H₆  = 32.5 g

mass of  Cl₂ = 72.5 g

molar mass of B₂H₆  = 27.67 g/mol

number of moles of B₂H₆  = mass / molar mass

                                           = 32.5 / 27.67

                                           = 1.17 mol

number of moles of Cl₂ = mass /molar mass

                                       = 72.5 / 71

                                       = 1.02 mol

6 mol of Cl₂ = 1 mol of  B₂H₆

1.02 mol of  Cl₂  = 1.02 / 6 = 0.17 mol

1 mole of B₂H₆  = 1396 kJ/mol

0.17 mol B₂H₆  = 0.17 × 1396

                        = 237.6 kJ

The energy of the reaction = 237.6 kJ.

Thus, According to the following reaction, energy is evolved during the reaction of 32. 5 g  B₂H₆  and 72. 5 g   Cl₂   the molar mass of  B₂H₆ is 27. 67 g/mol is 237.6 kJ.

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Carbons involved in a double bond are sp2 hybridized because each carbon has two sigma bonds and one pi bond. This means that the carbon is using three of its four valence orbitals to form the bonds, leaving one unhybridized p-orbital.

What is bond?
A bond is a type of security used in finance where the issuer (debtor) owes this same holder (creditor) a debt and is required, depending on the terms, to repay the bond's principal (i.e., the amount borrowed) at the bond's maturity date in addition to interest (referred to as the coupon) over a predetermined period of time. The interest is typically due at predetermined intervals, including semiannually, annually, and less frequently at other times. A bond is therefore a type of loan as well as IOU. With the help of bonds, the borrower can finance long-term investments as well as, inside the case of government bonds, current expenses.

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Neither zinc(Zn) nor cobalt(Co) can be used as an inactive material. Both Zn and Co are active elements and they actively take part in the reactions.

Electrodes are defined as conductors that are used to make electrical contact with a non-metallic part of the circuit. Electrodes are of two types - reactive electrodes and inert electrodes

Reactive electrodes- These are the electrodes which take part in the reaction and can dissolve in the electrolyte. Examples are copper electrode, zinc electrode.

Inert electrodes - These electrodes do not take part in the reaction. Examples are carbon electrode etc.

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All tissues consist of two main components: cells and extracellular matrix, consisting of a gelatinous substance called ground substance and numerous different protein fibers.

Conjugate Acid-Base pair will be  (HCOOH ,HCOO⁻ ) and (NH₄⁺ ,NH₃)

NH₃+ HCOOH ↔ NH₄⁺ + HCOO⁻

A conjugate acid is , within the Bronsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is the species formed by the reception of a proton (H⁺) in the  chemical reaction. Hence, the conjugate base is a species formed by the removal of the proton from an acid.

In summary, this can be represented by following chemical reaction:

Acid + Base ⇌ Conjugate Base + Conjugate Acid

Conjugate base is the substance formed when an acid loses the hydrogen ion . Considered a base because it can gain the hydrogen ion to reform the acid .

Ex Cl⁻ is the conjugate base of HCl

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The molar solubility of SrF₂ in 1.3 x 10⁻² M of NaF is = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M

The primary distinction between molar solubility and product solubility constant is that the former refers to the rate of dissolution of a substance per liter of a solution, while the latter refers to the dissolving of a solid in an aqueous solution.

We have, Ksp expression for the SrF₂ = 4.3×10⁻⁹

Ksp = [Sr²⁺] [F⁻]²

4.3 x 10⁻⁹ = (x) × (1.3 x 10⁻²)²

or, x = (4.3 x 10⁻⁹) / (1.3 x10⁻²)² M

or, x = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M

Molar solubility of SrF₂ in 1.3 x 10⁻² M of NaF is = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M.

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A large volcanic eruption occurred spewing ash and other gases into the atmosphere and most likely it increases atmospheric carbon dioxide levels due to lower global photosynthesis rates. Hence, the option B is correct.

Volcanic eruptions impacts climate change through emitting volcanic gases into the atmosphere. The volcanic gases mainly contains sulfur dioxide, which causes global cooling, and volcanic carbon dioxide, which has the potential to promote global warming. Increase rate in the global warming reduces the rate of photosynthesis, which in return become the reason for the eruption of Carbon cycle.

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convection can occur in only in liquids and gases.

Convection is a phenomenon that exclusively affects liquids and gases. Convective heat transfer refers to the movement of heat from a fluid (gas or liquid) to a solid.

Convection is the mass motion of a fluid, like air or water, which transfers heat. Since the particles are closely packed to help with the process, convection does not happen in solids. Actual movement between particles is necessary for convection within a material.

Wherever there is movement of the medium's particles, convection occurs. This is only feasible in liquids and gases; it is not possible in solids.

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Answer:

The conjugate acid is CH3COOH

Hydrogen and helium are the lightest elements in the periodic table.

translational = 3

rotational = 2

vibrational = 1

Total = 6

Internal energy = 6N  x 1 /2 k T where N is no of molecules

E₁ = 3 N kT

At the temperature of 1000K , helium  will have following degree of freedom

translational = 3

rotational = 0

vibrational =  0

Total = 3

Internal energy = 3N  x 1 /2 k T where N is no of molecules

E₂ = 3 / 2 N kT

Ratio =  E₁ / E₂

=  2

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The Lewis structure of SiF₅ shows that there are 5 single bonds in the compound with no double bonds and the central silicon atom expands the octet since it is bonded with 9 electrons.

Silicon penta fluoride SiF₅ is a covalent compound formed by the sharing of electrons between silicon and fluorine. Silicon is 14th element and it have 4 valence electrons. Thus, it need 4 more electrons to attain octet.

Fluorine is 17th element  containing 7 valence electrons. Thus it needs 1 electron to attain octet. Each F shares their one valence electrons with silicon and Si thus exceeds octet by receiving 9 electrons. All the 5 bonds are single bonds.

The one extra pair of electron make the charge on the central atom. Thus the compound does not obey octet rule.

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The major organic product obtained by reaction of benzoyl chloride with dimethylamine, (CH3)2 NH is in the figure.

For an organic chemist, a natural product is one this is produced by a living organism. This definition encompasses many compounds already mentioned, consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, all of which play an important and primary function in metabolic reactions.

The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, removal reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In natural synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules.

Exceptional chemical compounds used as fuels, insecticides and herbicides, diagnostics and medical devices, vitamins, perfumes, cosmetics, fabric and all styles of excessive-technology materials utilized in televisions, computers and other facts technology, and transportation and area machines are also the products of organic synthesis.

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The given statement is false, as a mole of horses contain 4 mole of horse legs.

The ratio of moles of molecules (or formula units) to moles of atoms can be used as a conversion factor. To create the conversion factor from this equation, write the magnitude on one side of the equal sign in the numerator of the fraction and the other magnitude on the denominator. Note that a second conversion factor can be created by interchanging the spelling of each quantity for the fraction bar. A conversion factor is an expression of the relationship between units used to change the units of a measured quantity without changing the value. The conversion factor (or unit factor) is always equal to 1, the numerator and denominator have the same value, and are expressed in different units.

Start with the number of horses in moles.

As every horse has has four legs. Use it as a conversion factor to convert the moles on the horse to the moles on the legs.

1 mol horse = 1 mol legs / 4 mol legs

1 mol horse × (4 mol legs / 1 mol legs) = 4 mol legs

4 mol legs ≠ 1 mol legs, so this is false.

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The first reaction in this case, the conversion of succinate to fumarate, falls under the dehydrogenation category.

The second reaction falls under the category of oxidative decarboxylation and involves the conversion of beta-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.

Isocitrate's conversion to -Ketoglutarate in the third reaction falls under the category of oxidative decarboxylation.

The fourth reaction, a succinyl-CoA to succinate conversion, falls under the heading of substrate-level phosphorylation.

The fifth reaction, the transformation of L-Malate to oxaloacetate, falls under the dehydrogenation category.

The sixth reaction, the transformation of fumarate to L-malate, falls under the hydration category.

Redox, dehydration, hydration, and decarboxylation reactions are all included in the eight steps of the citric acid cycle. Three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and one GTP or ATP molecule are formed during each cycle turn and used later in the process of cellular respiration to create ATP for the cell.

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Answer:

sulfur is bigger than oxygen because the number of protons that are present in oxygen is 8, while the total number of protons of sulfur is 16 this clearly states that the size of sulfur is lager because of the higher number of protons and more filled orbitals.

Acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH). As a result, when they combine, they have a neutralization reaction that produces water and sodium chloride.

The pH rises to about 7 as a result of neutralization, which happens when a base and a base combine. It is a useful technique that is applied in daily life, for example when lime is added to acid soils to treat and relieve indigestion. Furthermore, neutralization results in an alkali's pH dropping to about seven.

Taking a base balances out our stomach's excess acid. Due to the formic acid in the ant sting, it can be painful. Using wet baking soda, which really is basic in nature, we can counteract this acid impact and lessen the agony brought on by the sting.

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Cindy's proposal is unsolicited, the indirect approach.

The inquiry method is characterized as a scholar-centered technique, this is, through this methodology the pupil is capable of constructing their personal way of studying. In this way, the scholar can expand hypotheses, talk with colleagues, and argue standards thru realistic experimental activities.

Inexperienced solvents are environmentally pleasant solvents, or bio solvents, which can be derived from the processing of agricultural crops. Using petrochemical solvents is the key to most people of chemical procedures but now not without intense implications on the environment.

Conceptual techniques: mastering through experience. Gaining knowledge through summary conceptualization by developing techniques and theories. Studying via lively experimentation. Learning via reflective commentary.

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Equations 1 & 2, Equations 2&3, and Equations 1&3 illustrate a favorable energetic coupling in a cell.

What is the non-spontaneous reaction?
A nonspontaneous reaction is one that under the specified conditions, does not favour the formation of products. A reaction needs to be endothermic, accompanied by the a drop in entropy, or both to qualify as nonspontaneous. The majority of the gases that make up our atmosphere are a combination of nitrogen and oxygen.

If G is positive, the reaction is not spontaneous and will need external energy. The reaction seems to be spontaneous and will happen on its own if G is negative.

Coupling of reactions-
Equations 1 and 2-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol
∆G total= -21.8kcal/mol( favourable reaction)
Equation 2&3-
∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol, ∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol
∆G total=-11.5kcal/mol(favourable)
Equations 3 and 4-
∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol, ∆G4= +7kcal/mol
∆G total=+10.3kcal/mol(unfavorable)
Equations 1 and 4-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G4=+7kcal/mol
∆G total= 0(reaction will be in equilibrium)
Equations 1 and 3-
∆G total=(-7+3.3)kcal/mol
=-4.3 kcal/mol(favorable)

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