Question 3 Lara Beal allocates wealth between two periods: youth and old age. Currently (in her youth) she has $8,000 in cash. She can lend and borrow at the bank at 15% (that is, lending $1 in youth will give her $1.15 in old age). Her only investment opportunity other than the bank is a project that costs $5,000 now in her youth and has a payoff of $6,000 in her old age. What is the most she can consume in her old age

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer is "$9450".

Explanation:

Given:

Payoff from investment,

= $6000

Lending to bank,

= [tex]8000-5000[/tex]

= [tex]3000[/tex]

Now,

At 15% interest,

The amount to be received from bank will be:

= [tex]3000\times (1+\frac{15}{100} )[/tex]

= [tex]3000(1+0.15)[/tex]

= [tex]3000\times 1.15[/tex]

= [tex]3450[/tex] ($)

hence,

In her old age, most she can assume will be:

= [tex]6000+3450[/tex]

= [tex]9450[/tex] ($)


Related Questions

The Science of Macroeconomics
Consider the different issues listed below. Place each of them into the appropriate category, depending upon whether the issue is best suited for study under microeconomics or macroeconomics.
A. Congress recently passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
B. Amazon now has a 40% share of all e-commerce revenues.
C. Tuition at the local university increased 11% from last year.
D. The U.S. unemployment rate fell below 4% in 2018.
1. Microeconomics
2. Macroeconomics

Answers

Answer:

Macroeconomics deals with events that affects the entire country or industry as a whole while Microeconomics affects individual members of the economy such as companies and people.

A. Congress recently passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. MACRO

This Act will affect the entire nation so it will fall under Macroeconomics.

B. Amazon now has a 40% share of all e-commerce revenues. MICRO

Amazon is a single company in the market so things related to it will be considered on a micro economic level.

C. Tuition at the local university increased 11% from last year. MICRO

The local university like Amazon, is a single body in the economy and so they are a microeconomic player.

D. The U.S. unemployment rate fell below 4% in 2018. MACRO

The unemployment rate of a nation relates to the nation as a whole so this will fall under macroeconomics.

Economics
Assume there is a new international trade agreement that allows foreign countries to sell their products in the US, what can we predict will happen?

Answers

Answer:

1 + 1 = 3 thats the correct answer of your question

Trafalgar Estate Agency started operations on January 01, 2020. The following transactions occurred in the first month of operations:

January 01 Owner of the business Mr. Miller invested $30,000 cash in the business.



January 03 Purchased office supplies worth $1,500 on credit.



January 06 Purchased office equipment for $7,500; paying $2,500 in cash and signed a 30-day, $5,000 note payable.



January 12 Real estate commission billed to clients amount to $12,000.





January 20 Paid cash on account for office supplies purchased on January 03.



January 27 Received a check for $4,000 from a client in payment on account for commissions billed on January 12.



January 30 Received a telephone bill for $120 due next month.

Requirements:

Enter these transactions in General Journal of Trafalgar Estate Agency.
Post these transactions to appropriate ledger accounts.
Prepare a trial balance for the month of January 31, 2020.

Answers

Answer:

Cash (Dr.) $30,000

Capital (Cr.) $30,000

Office Supplies (Dr.) $1,500

Accounts Payable (Cr.) $1,500

Office equipment (Dr.) $7,500

Cash (Cr.) $2,500

Note Payable (Cr.) $5,000

Accounts Receivable (Dr.) $12,000

Real estate commission (Cr.) $12,000

Accounts Payable (Dr.) $1,500

Cash (Cr.) $1,500

Real Estate Commission (Dr.) $4,000

Accounts Receivable (Cr.) $4,000

Explanation:

Trial Balance :

Debits :

Cash $26,000

Office Equipment $7,500

Office Supplies $1,500

Commission received $4,000

Accounts Receivable $8,000

Total $47,000

Credits :

Capital $30,000

Notes Payable $5,000

Revenue Commission $12,000

Total $47,000

Retained earnings, December 31, 2019 $ 348,600
Cost of buildings purchased during 2020 42,700
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2020 55,300
Dividends declared and paid in 2020 32,600
Increase in cash balance from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020 23,500
Increase in long-term debt in 2020 45,300
Required: From the above data, calculate the Retained Earnings balance as of December 31, 2020

Answers

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

Computation of retained earnings balance as of December 31, 2020

= Retained earnings December 31, 2019 + Net income for the year ended, December 31, 2020 - Dividends declared and paid in 2020

= $348,600 + $55,300 - $32,600

= $371,300

Therefore, the retained earnings balance as of December 31, 2020 is $371,300

g When a court awards custody of a child to one parent and not the other, this is an example of: Group of answer choices all of the answers are correct monetary relief monetary damages equitable relief

Answers

Answer:

equitable relief

Explanation:

A court refers to an enclosed space such as a hall or chamber where legal practitioners (judges, lawyers or attorneys and a jury) converge to hold judicial proceedings.

A lawyer refers to an individual who has obtained a law degree and is saddled with the responsibility of giving legal advice, initiate and execute lawsuits for his or her clients. These legal practitioners are saddled with the legal responsibility of listening to evidence and give a verdict about legal cases.

An equitable relief also referred to as equitable remedy can be defined as judicial remedies granted to an aggrieved person by a court of equity, requiring that the other party act or refrain from indulging in a specific act because ordinary legal remedies couldn't provide the aggrieved party sufficient (adequate) restitution for an offense commited against him or her. Thus, an equitable relief (remedy) is an injunction granted by a court of equity requiring a party to a contract to either act (mandamus or specific performance) or refrain from indulging in a particular act.

In this context, when a court of competent jurisdiction awards or grants custody of a child to one parent rather than awarding it to the other, this is an example of equitable relief.

In conclusion, an equitable relief or remedy is typically a nonmonetary judgement granted by a court of equity when ordinary legal remedies fail to provide sufficient (adequate) restitution to an aggrieved party.

Josh was planning to go camping with his family. He purchased a tent for $199.98, a lantern for $39.50, and an outdoor stove for $59.95. The sales tax rate is 8.75%. How much sales tax does Josh need to pay?

Answers

Answer:

$26.20

Explanation:

Sales tax = percentage of tax x total amount spent spent

total amount spent spent = cost of tent + cost of lantern + cost of outdoor stove

$199.98 + $39.50 +  $59.95 = $299.43

0.0875 x $299.43 = $26.20

In November, the seafood department in a grocery store marked 250 8-pound cases of lobster tails down from their original price of $75 to $58. The November markdown was very successful, and all of the 8-pound cases of lobster tails were sold at $58 each. Calculate the total markdown dollars for the sale.

Answers

Answer:

Total mark down Dollars for sales =$4,250

Explanation:

The markdown is the discount given expressed as a percentage of the original sales price.

The total sales value at the original price = 250× 75 = 18,750

Discount per lobster in Dollars = 75-58 = $17

Mark down (%) = 17/75×100 = 22.67%

Total markdown Dollars for sales = 22.67%× 18,750= $4,250

Total mark down Dollars for sales =$4,250

Many people have larger amounts of debt in America than before, and people have become hesitant to take loans out for new cars. All other things being equal, what would car dealership do with their financing in this new market environment

Answers

Answer:

they will increase their rates of loans

The following labor standards have been established for a particular product: Standard labor hours per unit of output 4.4 hours Standard labor rate $ 17.70 per hour The following data pertain to operations concerning the product for the last month: Actual hours worked 6,200 hours Actual total labor cost $ 110,360 Actual output 1,300 units Required: a. What is the labor rate variance for the month? b. What is the labor efficiency variance for the month?

Answers

Answer:

Results are below.

Explanation:

To calculate the direct labor rate variance, we need to use the following formula:

Direct labor rate variance= (Standard Rate - Actual Rate)*Actual Quantity

Direct labor rate variance= (17.7 - 17.8)*6,200

Direct labor rate variance= $620 unfavorable

Actual rate= 110,360/6,200= $17.8

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)*standard rate

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (1,300*4.4 - 6,200)*17.7

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= $8,496 unfavorable

What is the best way for a plaintiff to establish legal liability for a CPA: Question 47 options: Prove the CPA made an untrue statement Demonstrate shortcomings in the CPA's engagement planning Show that the CPA's fees were higher than typical fees paid in the CPA's geographical area Prove causation (i.e. proximate cause)

Answers

Answer:

If a CPA does an audit irresponsibly, the CPA will be held liable to third parties who were recognized and not foreseeable to the CPA for gross negligence.

It needs to be specified if the third party had been “anticipatable,” liability; it may be recognized for ordinary negligence within a Rosenblum v. Adler decision.

Explanation:

What strategic goal can an IS attain that does not involve wresting market share from competitors? Provide some business examples?

Answers

Provide some business examples. The strategic goal which an IS can attain without involving wresting market share from competitors by following certain measures like: By lowering the price of units to sell while maintaining the quality of the products. By offering new products and services.

A company had a budgeted production of 12000 units and actual production of 13200 units. Two types of raw material, P and Q are used in the manufacturing of the products. The budgeted raw material requirement of the company was expected to be 3 lbs. of Material P at a price of $ 0.25 per lbs. and 2 lbs. of Material Q at a price of $ 0.35 per lbs. for every unit produced. The company actually ended up using 42000 lbs. of P at an actual cost of $0.19 per lbs. and 25000 lbs. of Q at an actual cost of $0.38 per lbs. Calculate Direct Material Price and Usage Variance for material P and Q.\

Answers

Answer:

Direct Material Price Variance:

P = $2,520 F

Q = $750 U

Direct Material Usage Variance:

P = $1,500 U

Q = $350 U

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Budgeted production units = 12,000

Actual production units =       13,200

                                                                P           Q

Budgeted raw material per unit        3 lbs        2 lbs

Price per lbs                                       $0.25      $0.35

Budgeted raw materials              36,000 lbs  24,000 lbs

Actual lbs of raw materials          42,000 lbs  25,000 lbs

Actual price per lbs                          $0.19        $0.38

Direct Material Price Variance = (Standard Price - Actual Price) * Actual Qty

P = $0.25 - $0.19 * 42,000 = $2,520 F

Q = $0.35 - $0.38 * 25,000 = $750 U

Direct Material Usage Variance = (Standard Qty - Actual Qty) * Standard Price

P = 36,000 - 42,000 * $0.25 = $1,500 U

Q = 24,000 - 25,000 * $0.35 = $350 U

                                   

A steam boiler has a first cost of $50,000. Use the sum-of-years digits (SOYD) depreciation accounting method with a $5,000 salvage value and a 10-year depreciation life; determine the boiler's book value at the end of year eight.

Answers

Answer:

$2,425

Explanation:

Sum of the digits = 10 + 9 + 8+7 +6 + 5+ 4+ 3+ 2 +1  = 55

Depreciation expense :

1st year = 10/55 x $45,000 = $8,182

2nd year = 9/55 x $45,000 = $7364

3rd year = 8/55 x $45,000 = $6,545

4th year = 7/55 x $45,000 = $5,757

5th year = 6/55 x $45,000 = $4,909

6th year = 5/55 x $45,000 = $4,091

7th year = 4/55 x $45,000 = $3,273

8th year = 3/55 x $45,000 = $2,454

Total depreciation               = $42,575

Book Value = $45,000 - $42,575 = $2,425

the boiler's book value at the end of year eight is $2,425

You are an investment manager and one of your clients is a famous soccer player. She is promised to be paid $5million three years from now. What is the present value of this cash flow today

Answers

Answer:

$4,153,268.86

Explanation:

The below is missing from the question:

Your discount rate for real cash flows is 5% APR, compounded monthly and you are expecting inflation of 1.2% per year (APR, annual compounding).

We need to convert the real interest rate to an effective annual rate as shown thus:

EAR=(1+APR/n)^n-1

APR=5%

number of times interest is compounded annually=12

EAR=(1+5%/12)^12-1

EAR=5.12%

Nominal Discount rate = [(1+ Real Discount rate)*(1+Inflation Rate)] - 1

Nominal Discount rate =(1+5.12%)*(1+1.2%)-1

Nominal discount rate=6.38%

Present value=future value/(1+nominal discount rate)^3

future value=$5,000,0000

nominal discount rate=6.38%

n=3 years

PV=$5,000,000/(1+6.38%)^3

PV= $4,153,268.86  

Pinacle Corp. budgeted $242,600 of overhead cost for the current year. Actual overhead costs for the year were $204,330. Pinacle's plantwide allocation base, machine hours, was budgeted at 51,060 hours. Actual machine hours were 56,680. A total of 102,310 units was budgeted to be produced and 98,000 units were actually produced. Pinacle's plantwide factory overhead rate for the current year is: a.$4.00 per machine hour b.$4.75 per machine hour c.$2.00 per machine hour d.$2.37 per machine hour

Answers

Answer:

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $4.75 per machine hour

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Pinacle Corp. budgeted $242,600 of overhead cost for the current year.

Estimated machine hours= 51,060 hours

To calculate the predetermined overhead rate, we need to use the following formula:

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate=  242,600 / 51,060

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $4.75 per machine hour

Hector is opening an appliance store. He has estimated a monthly profit goal based on his anticipated expenses and earning goals and uses it to set product prices. Hector is implementing a ________ pricing strategy.

Answers

Answer:

target return on investment (ROI)

Explanation:

THESE ARE THE OPTIONS FOR THE QUESTION BELOW

A) penetration

B) price skimming

C) target return on investment (ROI)

D) competitor-based

E) value

From the question, we are informed about the Hector who is opening an appliance store. He has estimated a monthly profit goal based on his anticipated expenses and earning goals and uses it to set product prices. Hector is implementing a target return on investment (ROI) pricing strategy.

Target return on investment pricing model can be regarded as one in which price is determined by investor/Business based on what the business owner intend to make from his/her capital that is invested in the business. An investor can calculate Target return ccalculated as the money invested in a venture along as the profit that investor intend to see as return, which is been adjusted for the time value of money. As regards to return-on-investment method, It is required by the investor work in backward direction so as to to reach a current price for target return pricing.

Sun County Airline is a low-cost carrier that operates 70 routes, primarily between leisure destinations in the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, and the Caribbean.What is likely to be its business (generic) strategy

Answers

Answer: C.  Focused Cost Leadership

Explanation:

Focused cost leadership happens when a company tries to focus on one part of the market such that it is able to take advantages of the unique opportunities offered there to offer the lowest prices to that specific part of the market.

Sun County Airlines is focusing on leisure destinations and yet offering it at low cost. It is therefore trying to focus specifically on that market whilst offering the lowest price which makes this a focused cost leadership strategy.

f an investor purchases a REIT for $36, receives cash distributions of $1 and redeems the shares after one year for $41, what is the percentage return on the investment

Answers

Answer:

16.67%

Explanation:

total return = dividend return + price appreciation

dividend return = dividend / price of the share

$1 / $36 = 0.0278

price appreciation = ($41 / $36) - 1 = 0.1389

0.1389 +  0.0278 = 0.1667 = 16.67

2.78

you buy a 8%. 10 year maturity bond for 980. a year later, the bond price is 1200. assume annual coupon payments. what is the new yield to maturity on the bond

Answers

The new yield to maturity on the bond is 5.16%.

Given Information

Current price of the bond = $980

FV = $1000

Coupon rate = 8%

Term = 10 maturity

After 1 year bond price = $1,200

Remaining life = 9 years (10-1)

New yield rate = [Coupon rate + (Maturity value - Current price) / Useful life] / [0.6*Current price + 0.4*Maturity value]

New yield rate = [1,000*8% + (1,000-1,200) / 9] / [0.6*1,200 + 0.4*1,000]

New yield rate = $57.78 / $1,120

New yield rate = 0.0515893

New yield rate = 5.16%

Therefore, the new yield to maturity on the bond is 5.16%.

Missing word "(Assume a face value of $1,000 and annual coupon payments."

See similar solution here

brainly.com/question/24138305

The first step in drawing a strategic group map is Multiple choice question. assign firms occupying the same map location to a common strategic group. draw circles around each strategic group that are proportional to the group's share of industry revenues. plot firms on a two-variable map based on the strategic variables. identify the variables based on strategic approaches used in the industry.

Answers

Answer:

identify the variables based on strategic approaches used in the industry.

Explanation:

The first and foremost step while drawing the strategic group is that we have to identify the variable that should be depend upon the strategic approaches and the same should be used in the industry as the strategic groups map refer to the tool that captures the competitive landscape essence

So, the last option is correct

The amount of time it takes to receive an item after it is requested is the _____.


thread

blacklist

lead time

download time

Answers

Answer:

lead time

Explanation:

EPS, P/E Ratio, and Dividend Ratios The Stockholders' Equity section of the balance sheet for Balla Enterprises at the end of 2017 appears as follows: 8%, $100 par, cumulative preferred stock, 200,000 shares authorized, 50,000 shares issued and outstanding $5,000,000 Additional paid-in capital on preferred 2,500,000 Common stock, $5 par, 500,000 shares authorized, 400,000 shares issued and outstanding 2,000,000 Additional paid-in capital on common 18,000,000 Retained earnings 37,500,000 Total stockholders' equity $65,000,000 Net income for the year was $1,350,000. Dividends were declared and paid on the preferred shares during the year, and a quarterly dividend of $0.40 per share was declared and paid each quarter on the common shares. The closing market price for the common shares on December 31, 2017, was $27.65 per share.
Required:
1. Compute the following ratios for the common stock:
When required, round earnings per share and price/earnings ratio answers to two decimal places. For dividend payout and dividend yield ratios, round raw calculations to 4 decimal places, but enter each answer as a percentage to two decimal places; for example, .17856 rounds to .1786 and would be entered as 17.86, indicating 17.86%.
a. Earnings per share $
b. Price/earnings ratio to 1
c. Dividend payout ratio %
d. Dividend yield ratio %
2. Before recommending the stock of Balla to a client, as a financial adviser, you would like to know:
future earnings growth.
risk of the stock.
general economic trends and how they affect the company.
all of these.

Answers

Answer:

Balla Enterprises

1. Ratios for the common stock:

a. Earnings per share = Net income after preferred dividend/ Outstanding common stock shares

= $2.38

b. Price/Earnings ratio

= 11.62x

c. Dividend payout ratio

= 67.23%

d. Dividend Yield = Dividend per share/Market price per share

= 5.79%

2.  Before recommending the stock of Balla to a client, as a financial adviser, you would like to know:

all of these.

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Balla Enterprises

The Stockholders' Equity section of the balance sheet at the end of 2017 8%, $100 par, cumulative preferred stock:

200,000 shares authorized

50,000 shares issued and outstanding $5,000,000

Additional paid-in capital on preferred     2,500,000

Common stock, $5 par, 500,000 shares authorized,

400,000 shares issued and outstanding 2,000,000

Additional paid-in capital on common     18,000,000

Retained earnings                                   37,500,000

Total stockholders' equity                   $65,000,000

Net income for the year =                    $1,350,000

Dividends:

Preferred stock =                                   $400,000 ($5,000,000 * 8%)

Earnings after preferred dividend = $950,000 ($1,350,000 -$400,000)

Common stock = $640,000 ($0.40 * 4 * 400,000)

Closing market price of common stock on Dec. 31, 2017 = $27.65

1. Ratios for the common stock:

a. Earnings per share = Net income after preferred dividend/ Outstanding common stock shares

= $2.38 ($950,000/400,000)

b. Price/Earnings ratio = Market price of common stock/Earnings per share

= 11.62x ($27.65/$2.38)

c. Dividend payout ratio = Dividend per share/Earnings per share

= $1.60/$2.38

= 0.6723

= 67.23%

d. Dividend Yield = Dividend per share/Market price per share

= $1.60/$27.65

= 0.0579

= 5.79%

2.  Before recommending the stock of Balla to a client, as a financial adviser, you would like to know:

all of these.

Ace Technologies, Inc., wants to issue securities for sale to the public. With respect to this issue, the essential purpose of the Securities Act of 1933 is to

Answers

Answer:

require disclosure of all essential information concerning the issuance of securities.

Explanation:

The Securities Act of 1933 was considered the first federal legislation which is used to regulating the stock market. This act took the power away from the states and it gave the powers to the federal government. The Securities Act also created an uniform set of rules which is used to protect the investors against any kind of fraud. President Franklin D gave his assent to this act.

In the context, if Ace Technologies wants to issue securities to the general public for sale, Ace Technologies should disclose all the essential information about the issuance of the securities according to the Securities Act of 1933.

At the end of November, work in process inventory consists of 181,000 units that are 50% complete with respect to conversion. Beginning work in process inventory had $460,720 of direct materials and $178,988 of conversion cost. The direct material cost added in November is $3,083,280, and the conversion cost added is $3,400,762. Beginning work in process consisted of 61,000 units that were 100% complete with respect to direct materials and 80% complete with respect to conversion. Of the units completed, 61,000 were from beginning work in process and 644,000 units were started and completed during the period. Required: For the first process: 1. Determine the equivalent units of production with respect to direct materials and conversion

Answers

Question Completion:

Victory Company uses weighted-average process costing to account for its production costs. Conversion cost is added evenly throughout the process. Direct materials are added at the beginning of the process.

Answer:

Victory Company

                             Direct Materials       Conversion

Equivalent units         886,000                795,500

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

                                           Direct Materials   Conversion Cost

Beginning WIP Inventory        $460,720             $178,988

Costs added in November    3,083,280           3,400,762

Total costs of production    $3,544,000        $3,579,750

Production Process:

Beginning Inventory =      61,000

Started and completed 644,000

Units transferred out = 705,000

Ending WIP inventory     181,000

Units under process    886,000

Equivalent units of production:

                                            Direct Materials       Conversion

Units transferred out          705,000 (100%)    705,000 (100%)

Ending WIP Inventory           181,000 (100%)      90,500 (50%)

Total equivalent units         886,000                795,500

Persuasion, collaboration, participation and direction are four styles of leadership that all leaders can use. Can all four of these styles be used for a transformative leader and can all four be used by a transactional leader

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

All four leadership styles: persuasion, collaboration, participation, and direction are not styles used by both transformative leaders and transactional leaders.

In transformative leadership, these styles are used, as the focus of this leadership style is to inspire your subordinates through trust and easy communication that motivates and encourages employees to be more productive, giving a sense of work appreciation and personal pride.

In transactional leadership, the leader is the one who uses a reward system for the good performance of subordinates, not intervening in decisions, that is, he is not a leader who participates, directs or collaborates with the progress of the work, but who uses the " laissez-faire" which is a term that corresponds to a style where the leader does not make decisions, but lets the employees themselves have the autonomy to make them.

At April 30, Marigold Corp. has the following bank information: Cash balance per bank $5400 Outstanding checks $330 Deposits in transit $650 Credit memo for interest $10 Bank service charge $20 What is Marigold adjusted cash balance on April 30

Answers

Answer:

$5,720

Explanation:

Calculation to determine What is Marigold adjusted cash balance on April 30

MARIGOLD CORP Adjusted cash balance on April 30

Cash balance per bank $5400

Less:Outstanding checks ($330)

Add: Deposit in transit $650

Adjusted cash balance. $5720

($5400-$330+$650)

Therefore Marigold adjusted cash balance on April 30 is $5,720

In a 150 pax of guest dining in a restaurant, how will your facility be designed to accommodate that number of guests?​

Answers

Answer:

To build the facility having compartments over one another.

Explanation:

The facility will be designed in a three compartment that are present on one another so then it will accommodate more number of guests. The building of compartment over one another can enable us to accommodate three times  more people on the same piece of land so we can conclude that making the facility in the form of building over one another can accommodate more number of people.

What is the percentage of total current assets in terms of total assets for Walmart for the year of 2016

Answers

Answer:

42%

Explanation:

In simple words, Wallmart is the biggest retail chain facility in the world. Hence, it would be obvious that a high percentage of their total assets in value will be composed of the current assets in forms of inventory.

In 2016, their total current assets were about 42% of total assets, which is higher than majority of their peers. An increase in their turnover might be the reason behind such high ratio.

It's clear that the lives of many creative artists are being transformed by digital technology. But competing schools of thought cite the very same technology in support of strikingly different conclusions.

One group, for example, says the ability to widely distribute the best performers' products at low cost portends a world where even small differences in talent command huge differences in reward. That view is known as the "winner take all" theory.

In contrast, the "long tail" theory holds that the information revolution is letting sellers prosper even when their offerings appeal to only a small fraction of the market. This view foresees a golden age in which small-scale creative talent flourishes as never before.

Long-tail proponents often portray best-selling entertainment as lowest-common-denominator compromises whose only real advantage is lower cost made possible by large-scale distribution and sales. If technology makes scale less important, they argue, people will turn to the more idiosyncratic offerings that they really prefer. In principle, at least, this creates exciting new possibilities for small-scale sellers.

In practice, however, winner-take-all effects still appear to dominate. Long-tail proponents predict that the least-popular offerings should be capturing market share from the most popular. But as Anita Elberse, a professor at the Harvard Business School, recounts in her 2013 book "Blockbusters", the entertainment industry's experience has been the reverse. Digital song titles selling more than one million copies, for example, accounted for 15 percent of sales in 2011, up from 7 percent in 2007. The publishing and film industries experienced similar trends.

What's happening? One possibility is that today's tighter schedules have made people more reluctant to sift through the growing avalanche of options confronting them. Still, the growing market share of top sellers doesn't invalidate the promise of small-scale creative energy. Using big data, producers can now take aim at highly idiosyncratic buyers, and online searches help many such buyers find just the quirky offerings they're seeking.
Your 3-5 sentence summary:

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Artists' lives have been changed by digital technology. This has created different schools of thought such as the "winner take all" theory, which claims that delivering high quality products at low cost will create a world where small differences in talent demand large differences in reward, and the "long tail"  theory, who claims that digital technology is creating a small portion of sellers that the market will adapt to, promoting low-cost products. These two theories are effective in different realities. However, the existence of both proves the change that programming and technology has been showing in entertainment and in the market.

According to the passage, there are two main schools of thought.

The first is the Winner take all school of thought which is of the opinion that digital technology which provides the opportunity to widely distribute the best performers' product at low cost where little differences in talent could translate to huge rewards in the market.

The second is the long tail  school of thought which posits that sellers are large beneficiaries even when they control a little market share.

Anita Elberses' 2013 book "Blockbuster" reveals that a reverse trend was observed in the entertainment industry which could also be said about the publishing and film industries.

It is worthy to note that although there is an exponential growth in available options, buyers can use online search to streamline the product they wish to buy.

Learn more about Digital Technology at https://brainly.com/question/617704

PERFECTLY COMPETITIVE MARKETS a. What are the characteristics of a perfectly competitive market? b. What is the criterion used by individual firms in perfectly competitive markets when deciding whether to shutdown or continue production in the short run? c. What is the criterion used by individual firms in perfectly competitive markets when deciding whether to exit the market or continue production in the long run? d. What does the market supply curve in a perfectly competitive market look like in the short run and in the long run? Explain the reason behind the shapes of these market supply curves. e. What is the theoretical justification for supporting the creation of competitive markets? (Hint: Think about welfare economics, ie: consumer surplus, producer surplus, total surplus.)

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