Answer:
Redundancy
Req. 1 and Req. 3 are seemed to say the same thing. We need to remove the first sentence in Req. 1
Conflict and understandability
Req. 1 states that access is through web browser while Req. 4 states that access is via html. We have to re-write the Req. 3 to make it clear that users do not actually have to write directly html to communicate with the system.
Completeness
Req. 5 states that print out will “mainly” be documents. What else might be printed? What other inputs will be produced?
Either remove mainly or clarify other print out.
What version of html or web browser is assumed in Req. 1 and Req. 3?
Explanation:
Consider two different implementations of the same instruction set architecture (ISA). The instructions can be divided into four classes according to their CPI (class A, B, C, and D). P1 with a clock rate of 2.5 GHz have CPIs of 1, 2, 3, and 3 for each class, respectively. P2 with a clock rate of 3 GHz and CPIs of 2, 2, 2, and 2 for each class, respectively. Given a program with a dynamic instruction count of 1,000,000 instructions divided into classes as follows: 10% class A, 20% class B, 50% class C, and 20% class D.which implementation is faster?
a. What is the global CPI for each implementation?
b. Find the clock cycles required in both cases.
Answer: Find answers in the attachments
Explanation:
PROGRAM 8: Grade Converter! For this program, I would like you to create a function which returns a character value based on a floating point value as
Answer:
This function will return a character grade for every floating-point grade for every student in the class.
function grade( floatPoint ){
let text;
switch ( floatPoint ) {
case floatPoint < 40.0 :
text= " F ";
break;
case floatPoint == 40.0 :
text= " P ";
break;
case floatPoint > 40.0 && floatPoint <= 50.0 :
text= " C ";
break;
case floatPoint > 50.0 && floatPoint < 70.0 :
text= " B ";
break;
case floatPoint >=70.0 && floatPoint <= 100.0 :
text= " C ";
break;
default :
text= "Floating point must be between 0.0 to 100.0"
}
return text;
}
Explanation:
This javascript function would return a character grade for floating-point numbers within the range of 0.0 to 100.0.
Define Proportional spacing fornt.
Answer:
Alphabetic character spacing based on the width of each letter in a font. ... Proportional spacing is commonly used for almost all text. In this encyclopedia, the default text is a proportional typeface, and tables are "monospaced," in which all characters have the same fixed width.
hope this answer helps u
pls mark me as brainlitest .-.
Write a method that accepts a String object as an argument and returns a copy of the string with the first character of each sentence capitalized. For instance, if the argument is "hello. my name is Joe. what is your name?" the method should return the string "Hello. My name is Joe. What is your name?" Demonstrate the method in a program that asks the user to input a string and then passes it to the method. The modified string should be displayed on the screen.
Answer:
The programming language is not stated; However, the program written in C++ is as follows: (See Attachment)
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
string capt(string result)
{
result[0] = toupper(result[0]);
for(int i =0;i<result.length();i++){
if(result[i]=='.' || result[i]=='?' ||result[i]=='!') {
if(result[i+1]==' ') {
result[i+2] = toupper(result[i+2]);
}
if(result[i+2]==' ') {
result[i+3] = toupper(result[i+3]);
}
} }
return result;
}
int main(){
string sentence;
getline(cin,sentence);
cout<<capt(sentence);
return 0;
}
Explanation:
The method to capitalize first letters of string starts here
string capt(string result){
This line capitalizes the first letter of the sentence
result[0] = toupper(result[0]);
This iteration iterates through each letter of the input sentence
for(int i =0;i<result.length();i++){
This checks if the current character is a period (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!)
if(result[i]=='.' || result[i]=='?' ||result[i]=='!') {
if(result[i+1]==' '){ ->This condition checks if the sentence is single spaced
result[i+2] = toupper(result[i+2]);
-> If both conditions are satisfied, a sentence is detected and the first letter is capitalized
}
if(result[i+2]==' '){ ->This condition checks if the sentence is double spaced
result[i+3] = toupper(result[i+3]);
-> If both conditions are satisfied, a sentence is detected and the first letter is capitalized
}
}
} The iteration ends here
return result; ->The new string is returned here.
}
The main method starts here
int main(){
This declares a string variable named sentence
string sentence;
This gets the user input
getline(cin,sentence);
This passes the input string to the method defined above
cout<<capt(sentence);
return 0;
}
А.
is the highest education degree available at a community college.
Answer:
The answer is "associate".
Explanation:
The two-year post-school degree is also known as the associate degree, in which the students pursuing any of this degree, which may take as little as 2 years to complete the course, although many prefer to do it at the same rate. Its first two years of a Bachelor (fresh and sophomore years) were covered by an Associate degree.
list three components of a computer system
Agile Software Development is based on Select one: a. Iterative Development b. Both Incremental and Iterative Development c. Incremental Development d. Linear Development
Answer:
b. Both incremental and iterative development.
Explanation:
Agile software development is based on both incremental and iterative development. It is an iterative method to software delivery in which at the start of a project, software are built incrementally rather than completing and delivering them at once as they near completion.
Incremental development means that various components of the system are developed at different rates and are joined together upon confirmation of completion, while Iterative development means that the team intends to check again components that makes the system with a view to revising and improving on them for optimal performance.
Agile as an approach to software development lay emphasis on incremental delivery(developing system parts at different time), team work, continuous planning and learning, hence encourages rapid and flexible response to change.
How does the teacher know you have completed your assignment in Google Classroom?
Answer:
When students have completed the assignment, they simply click the Mark As Done button to let the teacher know they have finished.
Explanation: Note: The teacher does NOT receive an alert or email notification when work has been turned in, or marked as done.
An employer plans to pay bonus to each of his employees. Those earning Rs. 2000 or above are to be paid 10 percent of their salary and those earning less than 2000 are to be paid Rs. 200. The input record contains employee number, name and salary of an employee. The output should be employee name and their bonus. Write pseudo code algorithm to process the requirement.
Answer:
vfg
Explanation:
Which recovery method helps users boot into an environment to get them back into the system so they can begin the troubleshooting process
Answer:
sfadasda
Explanation:
dsadasdadas
What is resource management in Wireless Communication? Explain its advantages
Answer:
This is a management system in wireless communication that oversees radio resources and crosstalks between two radio transmitters which make use of the same channel.
Explanation:
Radio Resource Management is a management system in wireless communication that oversees radio resources and crosstalks between two radio transmitters which make use of the same channel. Its aim is to effectively manage the radio network infrastructure. Its advantages include;
1. It allows for multi-users communication instead of point-to-point channel capacity.
2. it increases the system spectral efficiency by a high order of magnitude. The introduction of advanced coding and source coding makes this possible.
3. It helps systems that are affected by co-channel interference. An example of such a system is the wireless network used in computers which are characterized by different access points that make use of the same channel frequencies.
Briefly describe the importance of thoroughly testing a macro before deployment. What precautions might you take to ensure consistency across platforms for end users?
Answer:
Answered below
Explanation:
A macro or macroinstruction is a programmable pattern which translates a sequence of inputs into output. It is a rule that specifies how a certain input sequence is mapped to a replacement output sequence. Macros makes tasks less repetitive by representing complicated keystrokes, mouse clicks and commands.
By thoroughly testing a macro before deployment, you are able to observe the flow of the macro and also see the result of each action that occurs. This helps to isolate any action that causes an error or produces unwanted results and enable it to be consistent across end user platforms.
Which type of user profile is stored in the C:\Users folder and is automatically created when a user logs on to the computer for the first time?
Answer:
a. Local user profile.
Explanation:
Local user profile is a type of user profile which is stored in the C:\Users folder and is automatically created when a user logs on to the computer for the first time and it is being stored on the local hard disk of the computer.
Generally, in Microsoft windows any change made to the local user profile is peculiar to the user and the host computer on which the change is made.
Hence, local user profiles avails several users the opportunity of sharing a single computer with their respective user settings and data.
Write an interactive program to calculate the volume and surface area of a three-dimensional object.
Answer:
I am writing a Python program:
pi=3.14 #the value of pi is set to 3.14
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of sphere: ")) #prompts user to enter the radius of sphere
surface_area = 4 * pi * radius **2 #computes surface area of sphere
volume = (4.0/3.0) * (pi * radius ** 3) #computes volume of sphere
print("Surface Area of sphere is: ", surface_area) #prints the surface area
print("Volume of sphere is: {:.2f}".format(volume)) #prints the volume
Explanation:
Please see the attachment for the complete interactive code.
The first three lines of print statement in the attached image give a brief description of the program.
Next the program assigns 3.14 as the value of π (pi). Then the program prompts the user to enter the radius. Then it computes the surface area and volume of sphere using the formulas. Then it prints the resultant values of surface area and volume on output screen.
The psuedocode for this program is given below:
PROGRAM SphereVolume
pi=3.14
NUMBER radius, surface_area, volume
INPUT radius
COMPUTE volume = (4/3) * pi* radius ^3
COMPUTE surface_area = 4 * pi * radius ^ 2
OUTPUT volume , surface_area
END
mplement the function fileSum. fileSum is passed in a name of a file. This function should open the file, sum all of the integers within this file, close the file, and then return the sum.If the file does not exist, this function should output an error message and then call the exit function to exit the program with an error value of 1.Please Use This Code Template To Answer the Question#include #include #include //needed for exit functionusing namespace std;// Place fileSum prototype (declaration) hereint main() {string filename;cout << "Enter the name of the input file: ";cin >> filename;cout << "Sum: " << fileSum(filename) << endl;return 0;}// Place fileSum implementation here
Answer:
Which sentence best matches the context of the word reticent as it is used in the following example?
We could talk about anything for hours. However, the moment I brought up dating, he was extremely reticent about his personal life.
Explanation:
Which sentence best matches the context of the word reticent as it is used in the following example?
We could talk about anything for hours. However, the moment I brought up dating, he was extremely reticent about his personal life.
g Write a method that accepts a String object as an argument and displays its contents backward. For instance, if the string argument is "gravity" the method should display -"ytivarg". Demonstrate the method in a program that asks the user to input a string and then passes it to the method.
Answer:
The program written in C++ is as follows; (See Explanation Section for explanation)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void revstring(string word)
{
string stringreverse = "";
for(int i = word.length() - 1; i>=0; i--)
{
stringreverse+=word[i];
}
cout<<stringreverse;
}
int main()
{
string user_input;
cout << "Enter a string: ";
getline (std::cin, user_input);
getstring(user_input);
return 0;
}
Explanation:
The method starts here
void getstring(string word)
{
This line initializes a string variable to an empty string
string stringreverse = "";
This iteration iterates through the character of the user input from the last to the first
for(int i = word.length() - 1; i>=0; i--) {
stringreverse+=word[i];
}
This line prints the reversed string
cout<<stringreverse;
}
The main method starts here
int main()
{
This line declares a string variable for user input
string user_input;
This line prompts the user for input
cout << "Enter a string: ";
This line gets user input
getline (std::cin, user_input);
This line passes the input string to the method
revstring(user_input);
return 0;
}
Add each element in origList with the corresponding value in offsetAmount. Print each sum followed by a space. Ex: If origList = {40, 50, 60, 70} and offsetAmount = {5, 7, 3, 0}, print:45 57 63 70 #include using namespace std;int main() {const int NUM_VALS = 4;int origList[NUM_VALS];int offsetAmount[NUM_VALS];int i = 0;origList[0] = 40;origList[1] = 50;origList[2] = 60;origList[3] = 70;offsetAmount[0] = 5;offsetAmount[1] = 7;offsetAmount[2] = 3;offsetAmount[3] = 0;// your solution goes here
Answer:
Complete the program with the following code segment
for(int i =0;i<=3;i++)
{
cout<<offsetAmount[i]+origList[i]<<" ";
}
return 0;
}
Explanation:
The following line is an iteration of variable i from 1 to 3; It iterates through elements of origList and offsetAmount
for(int i =0;i<=3;i++){
This adds and prints the corresponding elements of origList and offsetAmount
cout<<offsetAmount[i]+origList[i]<<" ";
} The iteration ends here
Write a CREATE VIEW statement that defines a view named InvoiceBasic that returns three columns: VendorName, InvoiceNumber, and InvoiceTotal. Then, write a SELECT statement that returns all of the columns in the view, sorted by VendorName, where the first letter of the vendor name is N, O, or P.
Answer:
CREATE VIEW InvoiceBasic AS
SELECT VendorName, InvoiceNumber, InvoiceTotal
FROM Invoices JOIN Vendors ON Invoices.InvoiceID = Vendors.VendorID
WHERE left(VendorName,1) IN ('N' , 'O ' , 'P' )
Explanation:
CREATE VIEW creates a view named InvoiceBasic
SELECT statements selects columns VendorName, InvoiceNumber and InvoiceTotal from Invoices table
JOIN is used to combine rows from Invoices and Vendors table, based on a InvoiceID and VendorsID columns.
WHERE clause specified a condition that the first letter of the vendor name is N, O, or P. Here left function is used to extract first character of text from a VendorName column.
what are the 21St century competencies or skills required in the information society?
Answer:
Communication
Collaboration
ICT literacy
Explanation:
These are some of the skills that are needed in the 21st century to compete and thrive in the information society.
To remain progressive, one needs to have good communication skills. These communication skills can include Active Listening and Passive Listening.
Collaboration is important because you'll have to work with other people as no man is an island, we need someone else so the skill of collaboration is necessary to compete and stay relevant in the information society in the 21st century.
IT literacy is also very important because one needs to have basic computer knowledge such as programming, computer essentials and applications, etc.
EAPOL operates at the network layers and makes use of an IEEE 802 LAN, such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi, at the link level.
A. True
B. False
The program to check the highEst of n numbercan be done by ......,..
Answer: Given an array of numbers, arrange them in a way that yields the largest value. For example, if the given numbers are {54, 546, 548, 60}, the arrangement 6054854654 gives the largest value. And if the given numbers are {1, 34, 3, 98, 9, 76, 45, 4}, then the arrangement 998764543431 gives the largest value.
Explanation: If you need more help follow me on istagram at dr.darrien
-thank you
If a schema is not given, you may assume a table structure that makes sense in the context of the question. (using sql queries)
Find all Employee records containing the word "Joe", regardless of whether it was stored as JOE, Joe, or joe.
Answer:
The correct query is;
select * from EMPLOYEE where Employee_Name = 'JOE' or Employee_Name = 'Joe' or Employee_Name = 'joe';
where EMPLOYEE refer to the table name and type attribute name is Employee_Name
Explanation:
Here, the first thing we will do is to assume the name of the table.
Let’s assume the table name is EMPLOYEE, where the column i.e attribute from which we will be extracting our information is Employee_Name
The correct query to get the piece of information we are looking for will be;
select * from EMPLOYEE where Employee_Name = 'JOE' or Employee_Name = 'Joe' or Employee_Name = 'joe';
What is the science and art of making an illustrated map or chart. GIS allows users to interpret, analyze, and visualize data in different ways that reveal patterns and trends in the form of reports, charts, and maps? a. Automatic vehicle locationb. Geographic information systemc. Cartographyd. Edge matching
Answer:
c. Cartography.
Explanation:
Cartography is the science and art of making an illustrated map or chart. Geographic information system (GIS) allows users to interpret, analyze, and visualize data in different ways that reveal patterns and trends in the form of reports, charts, and maps.
Basically, cartography is the science and art of depicting a geographical area graphically, mostly on flat surfaces or media like maps or charts. It is an ancient art that was peculiar to the fishing and hunting geographical regions. Geographic information system is an improved and technological form of cartography used for performing a whole lot of activities or functions on data generated from different locations of the Earth.
Answer:
C. Cartography
Explanation:
Where can you find detailed information about your registration, classes, finances, and other personal details? This is also the portal where you can check your class schedule, pay your bill, view available courses, check your final grades, easily order books, etc. A. UC ONE Self-Service Center B. Webmail C. UC Box Account D. ILearn
Answer:
A. UC ONE Self-Service Center
Explanation:
The UC ONE Self-Service Center is an online platform where one can get detailed information about registration, classes, finances, and other personal details. This is also the portal where one can check class schedule, bill payment, viewing available courses, checking final grades, book ordering, etc.
it gives students all the convenience required for effective learning experience.
The UC ONE platform is a platform found in the portal of University of the Cumberland.
Although Python provides us with many list methods, it is good practice and very instructive to think about how they are implemented. Implement a Python methods that works like the following: a. count b. in: return True if the item is in the list c. reverse d. index: return -1 if the item is not in the list e. insert
Answer:
Here are the methods:
a) count
def count(object, list):
counter = 0
for i in list:
if i == object:
counter = counter + 1
return counter
b) in : return True if the item is in the list
def include(object, list):
for i in list:
if i == object:
return True
return False
c) reverse
def reverse(list):
first = 0
last = len(list)-1
while first<last:
list[first] , list[last] = list[last] , list[first]
first = first + 1
last = last - 1
return list
d) index: return -1 if the item is not in the list
def index(object, list):
for x in range(len(list)):
if list[x] == object:
return x
return -1
e) insert
def insert(object, index, list):
return list[:index] + [object] + list[index:]
Explanation:
a)
The method count takes object and a list as parameters and returns the number of times that object appears in the list.
counter variable is used to count the number of times object appears in list.
Suppose
list = [1,1,2,1,3,4,4,5,6]
object = 1
The for loop i.e. for i in list iterates through each item in the list
if condition if i == object inside for loop checks if the item of list at i-th position is equal to the object. So for the above example, this condition checks if 1 is present in the list. If this condition evaluates to true then the value of counter is incremented to 1 otherwise the loop keeps iterating through the list searching for the occurrence of object (1) in the list.
After the complete list is moved through, the return counter statement returns the number of times object (i.e. 1 in the example) occurred in the list ( i.e. [1,1,2,1,3,4,4,5,6] ) As 1 appears thrice in the list so the output is 3.
b)
The method include takes two parameters i.e. object and list as parameters and returns True if the object is present in the list otherwise returns False. Here i have not named the function as in because in is a reserved keyword in Python so i used include as method name.
For example if list = [1,2,3,4] and object = 3
for loop for i in list iterates through each item of the list and the if condition if i == object checks if the item at i-th position of the list is equal to the specified object. This means for the above example the loop iterates through each number in the list and checks if the number at i-th position in the list is equal to 3 (object). When this if condition evaluates to true, the method returns True as output otherwise returns False in output ( if 3 is not found in the list). As object 3 is present in the list so the output is True.
c) reverse method takes a list as parameter and returns the list in reverse order.
Suppose list = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The function has two variables i.e. first that is the first item of the list and last which is the last item of the list. Value of first is initialized to 0 and value of last is initialized to len(list)-1 where len(list) = 6 and 6-1=5 so last=5 for the above example. These are basically used as index variables to point to the first and last items of list.
The while loop executes until the value of first exceeds that of last.
Inside the while loop the statement list[first] , list[last] = list[last] , list[first] interchanges the values of elements of the list which are positioned at first and last. After each interchange the first is incremented to 1 and last is decremented to 1.
For example at first iteration:
first = 0
last = 5
list[0] , list[5] = list[5] , list[0]
This means in the list [1,2,3,4,5,6] The first element 1 is interchanged with last element 6. Then the value of first is incremented and first = 1, last = 4 to point at the elements 2 and 5 of the list and then exchanges them too.
This process goes on until while condition evaluates to false. When the loop breaks statement return list returns the reversed list.
d) The method index takes object and list as parameters and returns the index of the object/item if it is found in the list otherwise returns -1
For example list = [1,2,4,5,6] and object = 3
for loop i.e. for x in range(len(list)): moves through each item of the list until the end of the list is reached. if statement if list[x] == object: checks if the x-th index of the list is equal to the object. If it is true returns the index position of the list where the object is found otherwise returns -1. For the above examples 3 is not in the list so the output is -1
e) insert
The insert function takes as argument the object to be inserted, the index where the object is to be inserted and the list in which the object is to be inserted.
For example list = [0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6] and object = 3 and index = 3
3 is to be inserted in list [1,2,4,5] at index position 3 of the list. The statement:
return list[:index] + [object] + list[index:]
list[:index] is a sub list that contains items from start to the index position. For above example:
list[:index] = [0, 1, 2]
list[index:] is a sub list that contains items from index position to end of the list.
list[index:] = [4, 5, 6]
[object] = [3]
So above statement becomes:
[0, 1, 2] + [3] + [4, 5, 6]
So the output is:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Gwen is starting a blog about vegetable gardening. What information should she include on the blog's home page
Answer:
The correct answer is "List of posts with the most recent ones at the top".
Explanation:
A website that includes someone else's thoughts, insights, views, etc. about a writer or community of authors and that also has photographs as well as searching the web.It indicates that perhaps the blog should distinguish between different articles about the site because then customers who frequent the site will observe and experience the articles on everyone's blogs.So that the above would be the appropriate one.
Select the function completion that satisfies this docstring description: def convert_to_string(nums): """ (list of number) -> NoneType Replace each item in nums with its string equivalent. >>> nums
Answer:
def convert_to_string(nums):
for i in range(len(nums)):
nums[i] = str(nums[i])
nums = [7, 28, 92]
print(nums)
convert_to_string(nums)
print(nums)
Explanation:
Create a function called convert_to_string that takes one parameter, nums
Create a for loop that iterates through the nums. Inside the loop, set each item to its string equivalent using type casting (str)
Initialize a list
Print the list before the function call
Call the function, passing the list as a parameter
Then, print the list again to see the difference
Write a Bash script that searches all .c files in the current directory (and its subdirectories, recursively) for occurrences of the word "foobar". Your search should be case-sensitive (that applies both to filenames and the word "foobar"). Note that an occurrence of "foobar" only counts as a word if it is either at the beginning of the line or preceded by a non-word-constituent character, or, similarly, if it is either at the end of the line or followed by a non-word- constituent character. Word-constituent characters are letters, digits and underscores.
Answer:
grep -R '^foobar'.c > variable && grep -R 'foobar$'.c >> variable
echo $variable | ls -n .
Explanation:
Bash scripting is a language used in unix and linux operating systems to interact and automate processes and manage files and packages in the system. It is an open source scripting language that has locations for several commands like echo, ls, man etc, and globbing characters.
The above statement stores and appends data of a search pattern to an already existing local variable and list them numerically as standard out 'STDOUT'.
Define the missing method. licenseNum is created as: (100000 * customID) licenseYear, where customID is a method parameter. Sample output with inputs 2014 777:
Answer:
I am writing the program in JAVA and C++
JAVA:
public int createLicenseNum(int customID){ //class that takes the customID as parameter and creates and returns the licenseNum
licenseNum = (100000 * customID) + licenseYear; //licenseNum creation formula
return(licenseNum); }
In C++ :
void DogLicense::CreateLicenseNum(int customID){ //class that takes the customID as parameter and creates the licenseNum
licenseNum = (100000 * customID) + licenseYear; } //licenseNum creation formula
Explanation:
createLicenseNum method takes customID as its parameter. The formula inside the function is:
licenseNum = (100000 * customID) + licenseYear;
This multiplies 100000 to the customID and adds the result to the licenseYear and assigns the result of this whole expression to licenseNum.
For example if the SetYear(2014) means the value of licenseYear is set to 2014 and CreateLicenseNum(777) this statement calls createLicenseNum method by passing 777 value as customID to this function. So this means licenseYear = 2014 and customID = 777
When the CreateLicenseNum function is invoked it computes and returns the value of licenseNum as:
licenseNum = (100000 * customID) + licenseYear;
= (100000 * 777) + 2014
= 77700000 + 2014
licenseNum = 77702014
So the output is:
Dog license: 77702014
To call this function in JAVA:
public class CallDogLicense {
public static void main(String[] args) {//start of main() function
DogLicense dog1 = new DogLicense();//create instance of Dog class
dog1.setYear(2014); // calls setYear passing 2014
dog1.createLicenseNum(777);// calls createLicenseNum passing 777 as customID value
System.out.println("Dog license: " + dog1.getLicenseNum()); //calls getLicenseNum to get the computed licenceNum value
return; } }
Both the programs along with the output are attached as a screenshot.
Answer:
public int createLicenseNum(int customID){
licenseNum = (100000 * customID) + licenseYear;
return(licenseNum);
}
Explanation:
While interoperability and unrestricted connectivity is an important trend in networking, the reality is that many diverse systems with different hardware and software exist. Programming that serves to "glue together" or mediate between two separate and usually already existing programs is known as:
Answer:
Middleware
Explanation:
In today's technology like networking, software development, web development, etc, there is a need for connectivity. The problem at hand is the variation of the tech brands which results in the difference in operating systems, applications, and connectivity protocols. This problem is solved with the introduction of Middleware.
Middleware is the solution to conflicting software applications, interconnectivity between various tech platforms. It promotes cross-platform interactions.
