Answer:
common ancestry
Explanation
Common ancestry refers to the fact that two or more species have the same ancestor. Moreover, in genetics, sequence homology (either DNA or protein sequence homology) refers to common ancestry between different species/taxa (instead of sequence similarity, which may be caused by both convergent or divergent evolution). In bioinformatics, both local and global alignments of DNA/RNA/protein sequences can be used to determine sequence homology. Sequence homology due to common ancestry may be caused by three types of evolutionary events: 1-speciation (ortholog sequences), 2-duplication (paralog sequences), or 3-horizontal gene transfer (compared to speciation and duplication, horizontal gene transfer is an extremely rare evolutionary event).
Similarities in DNA and amino acid may be a way to establish evolutionary relationship among organisms.
These similarities between two different species may indicate common ancestry.
Evolutionary relationships can be established with similarities between two different species. It just indicates that they have evolved separately from the common ancestor. The common ancestor being the link between the two species.
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Name Earth’s layers in order
Answer:
Crust – 5 to 70 km thick
Mantle – 2,900 km thick
Outer Core – 2,200 km thick
Inner Core – 1,230 to 1,530 km thick
Different measures of disease are useful to evaluate and assess public health programs and needs in different situations. For each of the following questions, state which measure would best support your goal.
Measures of disease:
I = incidence rate (p. 126)
P = prevalence (p. 113)
L = lifetime prevalence (p. 114)
M = crude mortality rate (crude death rate) (p. 112)
R = sex ratio (counts) (p. 109)
a. To demonstrate the risks of car-train crashes at railroad crossings without warning signals.
b. To demonstrate the amount of children's exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke.
c. To estimate the number of persons who have had leukemia during their lifetimes.
d. To estimate the number of healthcare facilities needed to support patients with Alzheimer's disease.
e. To argue that mortality from HIV infection is a more serious public health problem in one region of the US than another.
Answer:
Different Measures of Disease
Question Measure of Disease
a. I = incidence rate
b. P = prevalence
c. L = lifetime prevalence
d. L = lifetime prevalence
e. M = crude mortality rate
Explanation:
a) Measures of disease:
I = incidence rate (p. 126): measures the frequency of disease occurrence in a population over time. It is measured as new episodes of illness in a period divided by the population.
P = prevalence (p. 113): ratio or proportion of persons in a population with a disease at a time or over time. It is based on a sample.
L = lifetime prevalence (p. 114): the proportion or ratio of a population who had a disease at some point in their life.
M = crude mortality rate (crude death rate) (p. 112): the ratio of deaths in a period among a geographical population.
R = sex ratio (counts) (p. 109): ratio of male and female population.
dna is located in the what of the cell and makes up what found there
Please read the article Why Cats Have Nine Lives by Jared Diamond. Our analysis did not attempt to
answer the question of "Why" cats survive they way they do from different heights. What are some of
the assumptions the author makes that he uses in an attempt to answer this new question?
The author assumes that the question can be answered by applying principles of anatomy, physics and evolutionary biology. First reason he suggests is that cats are small and they have a favourable mass-surface area ratio. Next, he suggests that cats have soft tissues that absorb the shock and they land on all four limbs, dividing the shock. This is because of their body shape and its centre of gravity. He says that felines have this kind of body structure (that canines lack) because years of falling from trees etc. has evolved their body in this way.
The following assumptions that stem from the Straightforward theory were used by the author to explain why cats have nine lives. They include;
The larger mass of bigger animals causes more impact stress on landing.The unique vestibular systems of the cats and the gyroscopic turns they make that have their four feet pointing downwards before landing.The cats reach terminal velocity faster and extend their limbs reflexly to absorb the shock from the fall.The dissipation of the impact force due to their flexed limbs.Lastly, their evolutionary history that has seen them falling from trees frequently over the years.In his article, Jared Diamond profers several reasons why he believes that cats tend to suffer fewer injuries and fatalities after falling from different heights.
He believes that their mass which is lower in comparison to humans makes it possible for them to not suffer much impact force on landing.
The gyroscopic turns they make before landing makes it easier for them to land on their four feet thus suffering fewer injuries to the arms.
Their evolutionary history is another factor. Over the years, they have adapted so well to falling from heights.
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Describe the chemistry of two types of enzymes and explain how the apoenzyme forms 200-500 words APA Format
Answer:
Enzymes can be defined as biological polymers that catalyze biochemical reactions.”
Majority of enzymes are proteins with catalytic capabilities crucial to perform different processes. Metabolic processes and other chemical reactions in the cell are carried out by a set of enzymes that are necessary to sustain life.
The initial stage of metabolic process depends upon the enzymes, which react with a molecule and is called the substrate. Enzymes convert the substrates into other distinct molecules and are called the products.
The regulation of enzymes has been a key element in clinical diagnosis because of their role in maintaining life processes. The macromolecular components of all enzymes consist of protein, except in the class of RNA catalysts called ribozymes. The word ribozyme is derived from the ribonucleic acid enzyme. Many ribozymes are molecules of ribonucleic acid, which catalyze reactions in one of their own bonds or among other RNAs.
Enzymes are found in all tissues and fluids of the body. Catalysis of all reactions taking place in metabolic pathways are carried out by intracellular enzymes. The enzymes in plasma membrane govern the catalysis in the cells as a response to cellular signals and enzymes in the circulatory system regulate clotting of blood. Most of the critical life processes are established on the functions of enzymes.
Enzyme Structure
Enzymes are a linear chain of amino acids, which give rise to a three-dimensional structure. The sequence of amino acids specifies the structure, which in turn identifies the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Upon heating, enzyme’s structure denatures, resulting in a loss of enzyme activity, that typically is associated with temperature.
Compared to its substrates, enzymes are typically large with varying sizes, ranging from 62 amino acid residues to an average of 2500 residues found in fatty acid synthase. Only a small section of the structure is involved in catalysis and is situated next to the binding sites. The catalytic site and binding site together constitute the enzyme’s active site. A small number of ribozymes exist which serve as an RNA-based biological catalyst. It reacts in complex with proteins.
Explanation:
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Explanation:
Select all that apply.
Pathogens
are disease-causing microorganisms
cannot be treated
can be fatal
m are only bacteria
SUBMIT ANSWER
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Which of the following best compares the male and female reproductive structures of a gymnosperm?
a. Gymnosperms produce flowers, and the male stamens produce pollen that fertilizes the egg inside the female ovule.
b. Gymnosperms produce male cones and female cones, and the pollen from a male cone fertilizes the egg inside a female cone.
c. Gymnosperms have male sporangia and female archegonia, and spores fertilize eggs contained inside the embryo sac to form zygotes.
d. Gymnosperms exist as male and female gametophytes, and the male plant produces spores that fertilize eggs inside the female archegonia.
Answer:
B.Gymnoperms produce male cones and female cones, and the pollen from a male cone fertilizes the egg inside a female cone.
What are the roles of quality, policy and objectives in the University? (Answer in 300 words)
The role of quality policy and objectives in the university is to define the purpose and strategic direction followed by the school authorities.
The quality policy is usually written in a brief statement which describes the vision, mission and the objective of the university. The importance (roles) of quality policy and objectives in an university includes:
Establishing a quality policy makes its known that the university operates with ethical standards that should not be disobeyed.It serves as a requirement for any formalized quality management system.It can serve as a way to drive passion for cultural change within an organisation (university)It serves as a reminder to both employees and students of the university about their commitment to quality.Learn more here:
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Which of the following is considered a Time/Temperature control for safety (TCS) food?
How does the central bank Control branch
Answer:
Central banks control and manipulate the national money supply: issuing currency and setting interest rates on loans and bonds.
Explanation:
To ensure a nation's economy remains healthy, its central bank regulates the amount of money in circulation. Influencing interest rates, printing money, and setting bank reserve requirements are all tools central banks use to control the money supply.
In a certain breed of dog, the alleles B and b determine black and brown coats respectively. However, the allele Q of a gene on a separate chromosome is epistatic to the B and b color alleles resulting in a gray coat (q has no effect on color). If animals of genotype B/b ; Q/q are intercrossed, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the progeny
Answer:
12 gray , 3 black, 1 brown
Explanation:
If Q allele of a gene on a separate chromosomes is epistatic to the B (black) and b (brown) color alleles, in cross between two animals with genotypes BbQq produces 12 gray coat color, 3 black coat color and 1 brown coat color animals.
BbQq x BbQq
Gray coat Gray coat
BQ Bq bQ bq
BQ BBQQ(gray) BBQq(gray) BbQQ(gray) BbQq(gray)
Bq BBQq(gray) BBqq(Black) BbQq(gray) Bbqq(Black)
bQ BbQQ(gray) BbQq(gray) bbQQ(gray) bbQq(gray)
bq BbQq(Gray) Bbqq(Black) bbQq(gray) bbqq(brown)
So the phenotypic ratio is Gray : Black : Brown
= 12 : 3 : 1
Match the terms in column B to the descriptions in column A.
Column A:
1. Connects the larynx to the main bronchi
2. Includes terminal and respiratory as subtypes
3. Food passageway posterior to the trachea
4. Covers the glottis during swallowing of food
5. Contains the vocal cords
6. Indentation on the lung where the lung root structures enter and exit
7. Pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax
8. Site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood
9. Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
10. Pleural layer in contact with the surface of the lung
11. Increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity
12. Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
Column B:
a. alveolus
b. bronchiole
c. conchae
d. epiglottis
e. esophagus
f. hilum
g. larynx
h. palate
i. pharyngotympanic tube
j. parietal pleura
k. trachea
l. visceral pleura
Answer:
1. Connects the larynx to the main bronchi k. trachea
2. Includes terminal and respiratory as subtypes b. bronchiole
3. Food passageway posterior to the trachea. e. esophagus
4. Covers the glottis during swallowing of food d. epiglottis
5. Contains the vocal cords g. larynx
6. Indentation on the lung where the lung root structures enter and exit f. hilum
7. Pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax j. parietal pleura
8. Site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood a. alveolus
9. Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. i. pharyngotympanic tube
10. Pleural layer in contact with the surface of the lung l. visceral pleura
11. Increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity c. conchae
12. Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity h. palate
Explanation:
1. The trachea is between the main bronchi and the larynx. It has semicircular rings of cartilage. The function of this organ is to conduct the air from the larynx to the primary/main bronchi.
2. After the primary (main), secondary, and tertiary bronchi, the terminal and the respiratory bronchioles come. They also conduct the air towards the alveoli so that the oxygen can enter the blood. The diameter of the bronchi terminal is smaller than the bronchi, and the diameter of the respiratory bronchi is smaller than the previous ones.
3 and 4. The esophagus is not part of the respiratory system. It is a tube that belongs to the digestive system since food has to pass through it to go to the stomach. The esophagus is posterior to the trachea, and the epiglottis closes the entrance to the larynx when we swallow to stop food from going to the lungs.
5. The vocal folds are in the larynx. This one is between the trachea and the pharynx. There are two types of vocal folds, the true and the false vocal folds. Both of them vibrate when air passes through them, allowing us to speak and make different tones.
6. The hilum is the lungs section where the bronchus, the pulmonary artery, and the pulmonary vein enter the lung. It is an indention that is in the middle part of the lungs.
7 and 10. The pleura has two sides, the parietal one and the visceral one. The first one is in contact with the lungs and the second one with the thorax's walls. Between them, there is a space called the pleural cavity. The cavity has fluid that allows the movement of the two pleurae. As a result, the lungs can move and fill with air.
8. After the respiratory bronchioles, we have the alveolar duct. The alveolar ducts lead to alveolar sacs. The alveolar sacs has the alveolus. They are thin walls that are in contact with capillaries. When the air is there, the oxygen passes through the thin walls. Then it goes through the capillaries' walls and into the blood.
9. The pharyngotympanic tube is also known as the Eustachian tube. It connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. Its function is to regulate the pressure in the ear.
11. The conchae are in the nasal cavity. They are three projections in the nasal cavity, the inferior one, the middle one, and the superior. Their function is to increase the surface of the nasal cavity so that more air can enter with every inspiration. As they are projections, they modify the laminar airflow producing a turbulent flow.
12. The palate is between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. It has two parts, the soft palate, and the hard palate. The palate helps in the production of certain sounds and divides the nasal cavity from the mouth.
root (b) A sugarcane is monocotyledon; therefore it has _______________________ root
Answer:
it has fibrious roots
Explanation:
it has fibrious root because it has monocot leaf so, if there was decot leaf then it will be tap root
10. Why may that person be innocent of the alleged crime?
That person can be innocent because
Cellular respiration produces
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Answer:
ni se la respuesta estoy respondiendo sólo para ganar puntos
why do sun spots appear darker than their surroundings
Answer:
they are comer than their surroundings.
Sunspots are cooler because their magnetic fields inhibit the replenishing of heat from convective flows (due to the interaction between plasma and magnetic fields). This allows them to cool radiatively. The rest of the solar surface is constantly being replenished by convective cells that reheat it.
Answer:
because they are significantly cooler than the rest of the Sun's surface Despite their gloomy appearance, they are nonetheless extremely hot. A sunspot would shine brightly if it were alone in space.
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Which of the following statements are true for all
biomolecules?
Select three correct answers.
They have nitrogen elements.
They have covalent bonds.
They have a carbon backbone.
They have hydrogen elements
The statements that are true for every biomolecules are:
They have covalent bonds.They have a carbon backbone.They have hydrogen elementsBiomolecules are molecules obtained or produced by living organisms. There are four biomolecules in nature; proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Since all biomolecules are from living sources, it means they all contain carbon element in their structure. Also, the carbon is linked to hydrogen atoms in all biomolecules by COVALENT BONDS.Therefore, every biomolecule has the following:
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The history of life has been punctuated by several mass extinctions. For example, the impact of a meteorite may have wiped out most of the dinosaurs and many forms of marine life at the end of the Cretaceous period. Fossils indicate that plants were less severely affected by this mass extinction. What adaptations may have enabled plants to withstand this disaster better than animals
Answer:
Due to dormancy.
Explanation:
Plants have an advantage in surviving mass extinction because Plant seeds can remain dormant for many years in the soil without damaging and comes out from the soil when the conditions of the external environment become suitable. Plants can remain in dormant condition for a large period of time while on the other hand, animals have no such type of advantage so that's why plants survive mass extinction.
quá trình nhận thức là gì và kết hôn đồng tính là gì
what is The Catalys?
Answer:
A catalyst is a chemical substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction at any given conditions.
Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients are supplied to a region, leading to an algae bloom and ultimately ______
A. Coral bleaching
B. Ocean deoxygenation
C. Ocean acidification
D. Overfishing
Answer:
The correct answer is - B. Ocean deoxygenation.
Explanation:
Eutrophication is the process in which a water body gets excessively rich in nutrients that leads to the algal growth or plankton growth in this region and covers the complete surface or most of the water body.
Due to this algal and plankton growth, there is a significant decrease in the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in water bodies that result in the incapability of supporting the lives found in it. The primary and main reason for this deoxygenation is eutrophication. Ocean deoxygenation is the reduction of the oxygen concentration of the oceans.
Histones are essentially identical in sequence/structure in all eukaryotic organisms from yeast to plants to animals. What does this say about the biophysical properties of DNA-packaging and the evolution of eukaryotic organisms
Answer:
It indicates that core histone genes were present in the last common ancestor of yeasts, plants, and animals
Explanation:
Histones are highly basic proteins that can strongly interact with DNA, which is packaged into nucleosomes, the basic structural and functional unit of chromatin. Each nucleosome is composed of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins (two copies of four types of histones H3, H4, H2A, H2B). These core histones are evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotic kingdoms in terms of sequence and structure. Therefore, DNA-packaging into nucleosomes is considered a constraint for the evolution of core histones. Moreover, the presence of conserved core histones in eukaryotic kingdoms (e.g., yeast, plant, and animal kingdoms) is strong evidence that histone-mediated DNA packaging was presumably present in the last common ancestor of eukaryotic genomes.
Which one of the following would be inhibited by a well-designed antiviral drug? Cell wall synthesis Viral binding to human cells Virus assembly outside of the infected cell Translation of host cell RNAs
Viral binding to human cells is inhibited by the antiviral drug.
Well-designed antiviral drug inhibited Viral binding to human cells so that the virus can't get the place of attachment and unable to use the cell's machinery for its growth and multiplication. In this way, the humans can be prevented from having the viral infection. There are some other mechanisms also used by the antiviral drug to inhibit the growth of virus in the human body such as uncoating of virus and synthesis of new viral components.
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DNA is referred to as a______, meaning that it has
strands that are______together.
Answer:
molecule
wound
Explanation:
DNA is the chemical name for molecule. The strands wind together and form a double helix.
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The main lesson farmers learned from the Dust Bowl in the 1930s was to _?_.
A) plant one crop repeatedly in order to make a profit
B) use the topsoil until it is no longer productive, then move to a new area
C) conserve and protect the topsoil so it will be productive for years
Answer:
A) I think because crops were bio-engineeered, through hybridization and cross-breeding for development of crops but cross-breeding is harmful it is proved
What would be most likely to happen if some of the proteins Ik one of the photo systems were to change shape due to a drop in cell pH?
A. A decrease in the formation of NADPH
B. An increase in the formation of NADP+
C. A decrease in chlorophyll production
D. An increase in sugar production
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
If some proteins in one of the photosystems undergo change in their shape due to a drop in pH of cell, they will not perform their activity. Due to this, there will be a decrease in the formation of NADPH ( that is less reduction of NADP due to blockage in the transport of electron).In an experiment, a small dialysis bag is filled with a 20% salt solution. It is placed in a
beaker filled with a 40% salt solution. Assuming that water can pass through the
small pores of the dialysis bag, whereas the large salt molecules cannot, what will
happen to the size of the dialysis bag?
Answer:
The bag will get smaller
Explanation:
Osmosis can be defined as the process of diffusion or movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration of water (i.e., lower concentration solution) to a lower concentration of water. For example, in cells, there are specialized pores called 'aquaporins' which are membrane proteins that form channels to transport water molecules by facilitated diffusion. In this case, the outside of the bag has a higher salt concentration than inside, thereby water molecules will move by facilitated diffusion through pores from inside to outside the bag.
Name one geographic region that has few or no fossil primates and explain why.
Answer:
Australia
Explanation:
Fossils are preserved remains (or mouldings) of ancient living things which are preserved in sedimentary rocks. Primate fossils are generally found along with other fossils, usually in ancient soils that contain information on the conditions under which they were formed. Primate fossils are generally found in tropical and subtropical regions (which represent the natural habitat in which these species live). Primates never lived in Australia, and therefore no fossil primates from this geographic area have been found.
What is the first stage of metamorphosis?
Answer:
larve
Explanation:
innner metamorphasis started
Answer:
Larva Pls mark brainliest
Explanation:
