Therefore, the correct option is D, the appropriate monetary policy in the event of a recessionary gap would be to engage in an open market purchase of U.S. government securities.
A recessionary gap happens when the economy is not creating enough jobs, and unemployment is high, which leads to low consumer spending. In macroeconomics, a recessionary gap is referred to as a gap that occurs when actual gross domestic product (GDP) is less than potential GDP, meaning the economy is underutilizing its resources such as capital and labor to produce goods and services.
Therefore, the government uses various monetary policies to stimulate the economy and prevent the recession. One of the monetary policy, in this case, is to engage in an open market purchase of U.S. government securities. The Federal Reserve's policy of buying U.S. Treasuries in the open market is an example of an open market purchase. When the central bank purchases these securities, it increases the money supply in the economy.
A country experiences a contractionary gap, also known as a recessionary gap, when its real GDP is lower than its GDP at full employment. Real wages return to equilibrium, closing recessionary gaps when demand and supply of labor are equal.
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Suppose that initially, the market of barley is in a long-run equilibrium. Now there is an increased demand for beer (and barley is an input to produce beer). Describe 1) what happens to the price. profit and each farmer's barley output in the short run? 2) Afterward, what will happen to the price, profit, and the number of barley farmers in the long run?
In the short run, an increased demand for beer, which requires barley as an input, will lead to a temporary increase in the price of barley due to the increased demand.
This increase in price will result in higher profits for barley farmers as they receive more revenue for each unit of barley sold.
As a result of higher profits, each farmer's barley output in the short run would increase as they are incentivized to produce more barley to meet the increased demand. However, the total output of barley may not increase significantly in the short run due to limited resources like land and labor, which may constrain the ability of farmers to increase production quickly.
In the long run, the increased demand for beer will attract new farmers to enter the barley market, leading to an increase in the supply of barley. This increase in supply will eventually decrease the price of barley, reducing the profit margins for existing farmers.
As a result, some less-efficient farmers may exit the market, decreasing the number of barley farmers in the long run. The remaining farmers will likely adopt more efficient practices such as using better technology and improving their management skills to maintain their profitability. Eventually, the market will reach a new long-run equilibrium with a larger number of barley farmers producing a higher total output of barley at a lower price than before the increased demand for beer.
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Presented below is the format of the worksheet using the periodic inventory system presented in Appendix.
Trial balance Adjustments Adjusted Trial balance Income statement Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.
Indicate where the following items will appear on the worksheet: (a) Cash, (b) Beginning inventory, (c) Accounts payable, (d) Ending inventory.
To indicate where the following items will appear on the worksheet, we need to understand the purpose of each section of the worksheet.
The worksheet typically consists of the following sections:
Trial Balance: This section includes the unadjusted account balances from the general ledger.
Adjustments: This section is used to record any adjusting entries required at the end of the accounting period.
Adjusted Trial Balance: This section shows the adjusted balances after considering the adjustments.
Income Statement: This section summarizes the revenues and expenses to determine the net income or loss.
Balance Sheet: This section presents the assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.
Now, let's indicate where the given items will appear on the worksheet:
(a) Cash: Cash is typically found in the Trial Balance, Adjusted Trial Balance, and Balance Sheet sections. It will appear in the asset section of the Balance Sheet.
(b) Beginning Inventory: Beginning Inventory is an opening balance and will be included in the Trial Balance section. It will also be used in the calculation of Cost of Goods Sold on the Income Statement.
(c) Accounts Payable: Accounts Payable will appear in the Trial Balance, Adjusted Trial Balance, and Balance Sheet sections. It will be listed in the liability section of the Balance Sheet.
(d) Ending Inventory: Ending Inventory will not be directly recorded on the worksheet since it is determined by physical count or estimation at the end of the accounting period. However, the calculation of Cost of Goods Sold on the Income Statement will use the Beginning Inventory, Purchases, and adjustments made during the period.
To summarize:
(a) Cash: Trial Balance, Adjusted Trial Balance, and Balance Sheet sections.
(b) Beginning Inventory: Trial Balance section and used in the Income Statement.
(c) Accounts Payable: Trial Balance, Adjusted Trial Balance, and Balance Sheet sections.
(d) Ending Inventory: Not directly recorded on the worksheet but used in the calculation of Cost of Goods Sold on the Income Statement.
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On February 2, 2016, an investor held some Province of Ontario stripped coupons in a self-administered RRSP at ScotiaMcLeod, an Investment dealer. Each coupon represented a promise to pay $100 at the maturity date on February 2, 2022, but the investor would receive nothing until then. The value of the coupon showed as $84.63 on the investor's screen. This means that the investor was giving up $84.63 on February 2, 2016, in exchange for $100 to be received just less than six years later. a. Based upon the $84.63 price, what rate was the yield on the Province of Ontario bond? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Rate of return b. Suppose that on February 2, 2017, the security's price was $88.00. If an investor had purchased it for $84.63 a year earlier and sold it on this day, what annual rate of return would she have earned? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Annual rate of return 1% c. If an investor had purchased the security at the market price of $88.00 on February 2, 2017, and held it until it matured, what annual rate of return would she have earned? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
The yield on the Province of Ontario bond was approximately 3.51%. The investor would have earned an annual rate of return of approximately 4.81%. The annual rate of return would be approximately 2.44% if held until maturity.
The yield on the Province of Ontario bond can be calculated by dividing the price ($84.63) by the face value ($100) and converting it to a percentage. The yield is approximately 84.63%. To calculate the annual rate of return, we can use the formula: (Ending Price - Beginning Price) / Beginning Price * 100. In this case, the annual rate of return is approximately 4.81%. If the investor purchased the security at the market price of $88.00 and held it until maturity, the annual rate of return can be calculated in the same way as in part b. The annual rate of return would be approximately 2.44%. This indicates the average annual growth rate of the investment over the holding period.
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Lester, Torres, and Hearst are members of Arcadia Sales, LLC, sharing income and losses in the ratio of 2:2:1, respectively. The members decide to liquidate the limited liability company. The members' equity prior to liquidation and asset realization on August 1 are as follows:
Lester $10,200
Torres 23,500
Hearst 14,600
Total $48,300
In winding up operations during the month of August, noncash assets with a book value of $63,600 are sold for $78,900, and liabilities of $20,400 are satisfied. Prior to realization, Arcadia Sales has a cash balance of $5,100.
Prepare a statement of LLC liquidation. Enter any subtractions (balance deficiencies, payments, cash distributions, divisions of loss, sale of assets) as negative numbers using a minus sign.
In the LLC liquidation of Arcadia Sales, LLC, the total members' equity prior to liquidation was $48,300. The realization of assets included the sale of noncash assets with a book value of $63,600, generating a gain on sale of $15,300. The liabilities were settled for $20,400. The cash distribution to the members included the initial cash balance of $5,100 and the total realization of $78,900, resulting in a total cash distribution of $84,000.
The cash distribution was divided among the members based on their profit-sharing ratio: Lester received $33,600, Torres received $33,600, and Hearst received $16,800.
Statement of LLC Liquidation for Arcadia Sales, LLC:
Members' Equity:
Lester: $10,200
Torres: $23,500
Hearst: $14,600
Total Members' Equity: $48,300
Realization of Assets:
Sale of Noncash Assets:
Book Value: $63,600
Sale Proceeds: $78,900
Gain on Sale: $15,300
Settlement of Liabilities: -$20,400
Cash Distribution:
Initial Cash Balance: $5,100
Total Realization (Sale Proceeds + Cash Balance): $78,900 + $5,100 = $84,000
Distribution of Cash:
Lester's Share (2/5 x Total Realization): (2/5) x $84,000 = $33,600
Torres's Share (2/5 x Total Realization): (2/5) x $84,000 = $33,600
Hearst's Share (1/5 x Total Realization): (1/5) x $84,000 = $16,800
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Memphis Company anticipates total sales for April, May, and June of $900,000,$1,000,000, and $1,050,000 respectively, Cash sales are normally 20% of total sales. Of the credit sales, 35% are collected in the same month as the sale, 60% are collected duning the first month after the sale, and the remaining 5% are collected in the second month after the sale Compue the amount of accounts receivable reported on the company's budgeted balance sheet for June 30
To compute the amount of accounts receivable reported on the company's budgeted balance sheet for June 30, we need to calculate the credit sales for each month and then determine the collections for each month.
First, let's calculate the credit sales for each month:
April credit sales = Total sales for April - Cash sales for April
April credit sales = $900,000 - ($900,000 * 20%) = $900,000 - $180,000 = $720,000
May credit sales = Total sales for May - Cash sales for May
May credit sales = $1,000,000 - ($1,000,000 * 20%) = $1,000,000 - $200,000 = $800,000
June credit sales = Total sales for June - Cash sales for June
June credit sales = $1,050,000 - ($1,050,000 * 20%) = $1,050,000 - $210,000 = $840,000
Next, let's calculate the collections for each month:
April collections = 35% of April credit sales
April collections = $720,000 * 35% = $252,000
May collections = 60% of April credit sales + 35% of May credit sales
May collections = ($720,000 * 60%) + ($800,000 * 35%) = $432,000 + $280,000 = $712,000
June collections = 60% of May credit sales + 35% of June credit sales + 5% of April credit sales
June collections = ($800,000 * 60%) + ($840,000 * 35%) + ($720,000 * 5%) = $480,000 + $294,000 + $36,000 = $810,000
Finally, we can calculate the accounts receivable for June 30:
Accounts receivable = June credit sales - June collections
Accounts receivable = $840,000 - $810,000 = $30,000
Therefore, the amount of accounts receivable reported on the company's budgeted balance sheet for June 30 is $30,000.
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Why does Marginal Cost often appear to decrease initially as quantity increases and then increase at an increasing rate? 2. (2 pts each part) A manager estimated that the cost functions of their firm as: C(q)=50+20q+5Q 2
, MC(q)=20+10q Based on this information, determine: a. the FC of producing 5 units of output b. the VC of producing 5 units of output c. the TC of producing 5 units of output d. AFC of producing 5 units of output e. AVC of producing 5 units of output f. ATC of producing 5 units of output g. MC when q=5 3. Now, envision you have been tasked to create a table showing how costs change as production changes. a. Given the cost functions from question #2, create a table showing FC, VC, TC, AFC, AVC, ATC, and MC (create a column for each) for the range of quantities between 0 and 20 units. Format this table with consistent decimal places and make it look professional. Give it a title. Paste the table into this document. (5 pts) b. Now create the same two graphs showing costs from the "Tbl1 complete" worksheet included in this week's module. Label it, make it look nice and professional. Paste those two graphs here. ( 5 pts) c. Write at least 3 sentences describing the information and the relationships between the costs contained in the table and the graphs. (4 pts) Added note (updated 9/27/22): Show the Costs as requested in the b part of the excel question by Quantity (Q), in the example I reference this week it is listed by units of labor (L)
The average variable cost of producing 5 units of output is $50.f. The average total cost of producing 5 units of output is $80.
Marginal cost often appears to decrease initially as quantity increases and then increase at an increasing rate because of diminishing marginal returns. When a company produces more products, they must use more inputs, such as labor and materials. When the quantity of products produced is small, each extra unit of production will cost less than the previous one. As the quantity of products produced increases, the marginal cost will continue to decrease, but at a decreasing rate.
This is because the additional inputs that are required to produce each extra unit of product become increasingly scarce. As a result, the marginal cost will eventually increase as the quantity of production increases.The given cost functions are:
C(q) = 50 + 20q + 5q²MC(q) = 20 + 10qa. The fixed cost of producing 5 units of output is $150.b. The variable cost of producing 5 units of output is $250.c. The total cost of producing 5 units of output is $400.d. The average fixed cost of producing 5 units of output is $30.e. The average variable cost of producing 5 units of output is $50.f. The average total cost of producing 5 units of output is $80.g. When q=5, MC = 70.A table that shows the cost functions for different levels of output (0 to 20 units) is given below: Table:Given cost functions of the firm, FC, VC, TC, AFC, AVC, ATC, and MC for different levels of output
Quantity
(Q)
Fixed Cost (FC)
(50)
Variable Cost (VC)
(20q+5q²)
Total Cost (TC)
(50 + 20q + 5q²)
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
(50/q)
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
(20+5q)
Average Total Cost (ATC)
(50/q+20+5q)
Marginal Cost (MC)
(20+10q)
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During 2020, Mango Corporation had the following treasury share transactions:
- Acquired 3,500 ordinary shares to be held as treasury shares for ₱354,000
- Re-issued 750 ordinary treasury shares for ₱120
- Acquired additional 1,200 ordinary shares at ₱132,000 to be held as treasury shares
- Sold 3,600 treasury shares at ₱115 per share
Assuming no other treasury share transactions occurred after, how much is the appropriation for treasury shares by the end of the year?
To calculate the appropriation for treasury shares by the end of the year, we need to track the changes in the number of treasury shares and the cost of acquiring and selling them.
Let's calculate each transaction step by step:
1. Acquired 3,500 ordinary shares to be held as treasury shares for ₱354,000:
- Number of treasury shares: +3,500
- Cost of acquiring treasury shares: +₱354,000
2. Re-issued 750 ordinary treasury shares for ₱120:
- Number of treasury shares: -750
- Cost of acquiring treasury shares: -₱120
3. Acquired additional 1,200 ordinary shares at ₱132,000 to be held as treasury shares:
- Number of treasury shares: +1,200
- Cost of acquiring treasury shares: +₱132,000
4. Sold 3,600 treasury shares at ₱115 per share:
- Number of treasury shares: -3,600
- Cost of acquiring treasury shares: This transaction does not affect the cost since the shares were sold.
Now, let's calculate the total number of treasury shares and the total appropriation for treasury shares by the end of the year:
Initial number of treasury shares: 0
Number of treasury shares after transaction 1: 3,500
Cost of treasury shares after transaction 1: ₱354,000
Number of treasury shares after transaction 2: 2,750 (3,500 - 750)
Cost of treasury shares after transaction 2: ₱354,000 - ₱120
Number of treasury shares after transaction 3: 3,950 (2,750 + 1,200)
Cost of treasury shares after transaction 3: ₱354,000 - ₱120 + ₱132,000
Number of treasury shares after transaction 4: 350 (3,950 - 3,600)
Cost of treasury shares after transaction 4: ₱354,000 - ₱120 + ₱132,000
Therefore, by the end of the year, the appropriation for treasury shares is 350 shares, and the cost of the treasury shares is ₱485,880 (₱354,000 - ₱120 + ₱132,000).
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Why might an economist be against a ban on incandescent light bulbs? a. A ban does not consider individual preference and willingness to pay. b. CFDs and LEDs are prohibitively expensive for income families. c. The use of incandescent light bulbs is accompanied by externalities. d. Bans are generally very expensive to enforce.
An economist might be against a ban on incandescent light bulbs for several reasons:
a. A ban does not consider individual preference and willingness to pay: Economists often emphasize the importance of individual choice and market mechanisms. By imposing a ban, the government restricts the freedom of individuals to make their own decisions based on their preferences and budget constraints. Some people may prefer the warm light of incandescent bulbs or find them more suitable for certain purposes, and a ban would disregard their preferences.
b. CFLs and LEDs are prohibitively expensive for low-income families: While compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are more energy-efficient alternatives to incandescent bulbs, they tend to be more expensive upfront. Low-income families may face financial constraints and find it difficult to afford these more expensive alternatives. A ban without considering the affordability aspect could disproportionately impact disadvantaged households.
c. The use of incandescent light bulbs is accompanied by externalities: Externalities refer to the costs or benefits that affect individuals or society at large but are not reflected in the market prices. Incandescent bulbs are less energy-efficient than CFLs and LEDs, resulting in higher electricity consumption and associated environmental impacts. However, these externalities can be addressed through other means, such as energy efficiency standards or pricing mechanisms, rather than an outright ban.
d. Bans are generally very expensive to enforce: Implementing and enforcing a ban on a widely used product can be administratively challenging and costly. It requires monitoring and regulating the production, distribution, and sale of incandescent bulbs, which involves additional resources and regulatory mechanisms. Economists may argue that these resources could be better allocated to alternative approaches that achieve similar environmental goals more efficiently, such as market-based mechanisms or consumer education campaigns.
In conclusion, an economist might be against a ban on incandescent light bulbs because it doesn't consider individual preferences, it's expensive to enforce, and it could be problematic for low-income families who might not be able to afford more expensive types of light bulbs.
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Suppose that the monopolist can produce with total cost: TC =10Q. Assume that the monopolist sells its goods in two different markets separated by some distance. The demand curves in the first market and the second market are given by Q 2
=120−P 1
and Q 2
=240−4P 2
. Suppose that consumers can mail the product from cheaper location to a more expensive location at a certain cost. What would be the critical mailing cost above which consumers do not have such an incentive? 30 20 10 15
The critical mailing cost above which consumers do not have such an incentive is MC2 = 10.
The monopolist produces with total cost: TC = 10Q. The demand curves in the first market and the second market are given by Q1= 120 - P1 and Q2= 240 - 4P2, respectively. If the consumers can mail the product from a cheaper location to a more expensive location at a certain cost, the critical mailing cost above which consumers do not have such an incentive is calculated as follows:
We know that the monopolist maximizes profit by producing where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR).
Marginal Revenue (MR) = ΔTR / ΔQ
The Total Revenue (TR) is given as the price times the quantity:
TR = P(Q) × Q
Therefore: MR = Δ(P(Q) × Q) / ΔQ = P(Q) + Q × ΔP(Q) / ΔQ
On the other hand, Marginal Cost (MC) is the additional cost incurred when an additional unit is produced. Therefore, MC = ΔTC / ΔQ= 10
Based on the demand curves: Q1= 120 - P1 and Q2= 240 - 4P2, the monopolist determines the price in each market by equating the marginal revenue to the marginal cost of producing the last unit;
P1= 60 - 0.5Q1, and P2 = 60 - 0.25Q2
Assume that the mailing cost is MC2. When a product is sent from location 2 to location 1, the total cost of transporting one unit of the good is MC2. Therefore, the net profit from selling one unit of good in location 2 and mailing it to location 1 is as follows;
Profit = (P2 - MC) - MC2
On the other hand, the net cost of purchasing one unit of good in location 1 is P1. Therefore, the total cost of buying and transporting one unit of good from location 1 to location 2 is P1 + MC2.Thus, the profit from mailing one unit of good from location 1 to location 2 is as follows:
Profit = P1 - MC - P2 + MC2 = (P1 - P2) - MC + MC2= (60 - 0.5Q1) - (60 - 0.25Q2) - 10 + MC2
When Q1 and Q2 are known, it is possible to determine whether or not mailing the product between the two locations is profitable. If the difference is positive, then it is profitable to send the product. If the difference is negative, then it is not profitable. As a result, the demand must be calculated at the profit-maximizing prices to see whether or not mailing the product is profitable.Q1= 120 - P1 and P1= 60 - 0.5Q1;
Therefore, Q1 = 120 - 60 + 0.5Q1 or Q1/2 = 30P2= 60 - 0.25Q2;
Therefore, Q2= 240 - (60 - 0.25Q2) × 4 or Q2/4 = 45
When Q1 = 60 and Q2 = 180, mailing the good from location 2 to location 1 is no longer profitable. Profit is zero.
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in vertical analysis, what is the base for cost of goods sold?
In vertical analysis, cost of goods sold is the base.
The vertical analysis is the method of evaluating financial information by expressing each item in a financial statement as a percentage of a base amount. This base amount varies depending on the statement being analyzed. In the case of cost of goods sold, the base is typically net sales or revenue
Vertical analysis is a method of assessing financial information by expressing each item on a financial statement as a percentage of a base quantity. Cost of goods sold (COGS) is generally the base for vertical analysis. COGS is calculated as the sum of the expense of producing goods sold during a specified period. The vertical analysis is a financial analysis technique in which each line item on a company's financial statement is represented as a percentage of a total base amount.
Vertical analysis is used to calculate trends over time, such as whether or not particular revenue sources are growing or decreasing over time.
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Please use the following information for the next two questions. Wang Inc. has perpetual preferred stock outstanding with a par value of $50. The stock pays a quarterly dividend of $2,8 per quarter, and it sells for $75 per share. What is the nominal annual rate of return? 14.93% O 13.24% O 11.20% 22.40% 14.93% 13.24% O 11.20% 22.40% 16.67% What is its effective annual rate of return? 17.74% 13.91% O 11.68% 15.79% 17.74% 13.91% 11.68% 15.79% 24.35%
The annual dividend of perpetual preferred stock can be calculated as follows: Annual dividend = Quarterly dividend × Number of quarters per year Annual dividend = $2.8 × 4Annual dividend = $11.
2Nominal annual rate of returnNominal annual rate of return is calculated as follows:Nominal annual rate of return = Annual dividend / Market value of the preferred stockNominal annual rate of return = $11.2 / $75Nominal annual rate of return = 0.149333 or 14.93%Effective annual rate of return Effective annual rate of return is calculated as follows:
Effective annual rate of return = (1 + (Nominal annual rate of return / Number of compounding periods))Number of compounding periods = 1 (because the dividend is paid annually)
Effective annual rate of return = (1 + (0.149333 / 1))^1Effective annual rate of return = (1 + 0.149333)^1Effective annual rate of return = 1.1774 or 17.74%Therefore, the nominal annual rate of return is 14.93% and the effective annual rate of return is 17.74%.
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Test 2 -15% Instructions: Each question is worth 5 marks. Complete in your groups and make one submission in a word document to include your name and ID numbers. Your answer should be limited to 1-2 pages. Questions: 1. Explain the 'Ferris wheel' concept of prospecting. 2. Which method of prospecting is considered the 'toughest one' and, why? 3. List the four main sources for a prospect pool. In your opinion, which of the four sources of leads is hardest to convert to a closed sale?
1. The ‘Ferris wheel’ concept of prospecting:
In the sales cycle, it's essential to have a consistent flow of leads that can be converted into sales. The Ferris wheel concept of prospecting is a visualization of how leads can be continuously generated in the sales funnel, much like a Ferris wheel.
The Ferris wheel is a large, circular device that rotates passengers around its circumference. There are a few things that make the Ferris wheel an ideal metaphor for prospecting. First, like the Ferris wheel, it requires momentum to keep the leads flowing.
If you want to have a constant stream of leads, you need to make sure that you're generating new leads consistently. The Ferris wheel also requires a solid foundation to remain stable, much like prospecting. Without a foundation of solid leads, your sales funnel will be unstable, and you'll have difficulty converting leads into sales.
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Which of the following is generally true about the sufficiency of audit evidence? multiple choice It considers most directly the relevance and the skepticism of the evidence. It is affected by the auditor's assessment of the risks of material misstatement and the quality of the audit evidence obtained. It is affected by the extent of audit evidence but not the nature and timing of audit evidence. Its requirements are met when at least one form of confirming evidence exists.
The correct option among the multiple-choice question is (B) "It is affected by the auditor's assessment of the risks of material misstatement and the quality of the audit evidence obtained."The sufficiency of audit evidence is generally affected by the auditor's assessment of the risks of material misstatement and the quality of the audit evidence obtained. Sufficiency is an important element of audit evidence, which must be sufficient enough for an auditor to make an informed opinion regarding the financial statements.The audit evidence obtained should be relevant, reliable, and sufficient to support an auditor's opinion on financial statements. The sufficiency of audit evidence depends on the nature and complexity of the financial statements and transactions and the auditor's risk assessment. It is the responsibility of the auditor to collect and evaluate sufficient and appropriate audit evidence. Hence, it is affected by the auditor's assessment of the risks of material misstatement and the quality of the audit evidence obtained. Thus, option B is correct.
Ivory Homes is a home building and construction company in the western United States that typically builds large homes for families. Which of the following would be a component of its general economic environment? (Lecture \& Text) regulations passed by Congress raising the minimum wage for all workers the development of new construction methods and materials the fact most American families are getting smaller with fewer children steadily rising unemployment claims a bidding war with Horton Home Builders for a new housing development
The steadily rising unemployment claims are a component of Ivory Homes' general economic environment, indicating potential impacts on consumer spending power and demand for new homes.
The component of the general economic environment for Ivory Homes would be the steadily rising unemployment claims. This factor reflects the overall economic conditions in the region where Ivory Homes operates. Rising unemployment claims suggest a potential decline in consumer spending power and demand for new homes, which can impact the company's business operations and sales. Economic indicators such as unemployment rates provide insights into the overall health and stability of the economy and can influence the decision-making process of businesses like Ivory Homes. Therefore, monitoring and analyzing trends in unemployment claims is crucial for understanding the economic environment in which the company operates and making informed business decisions.
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Suppose that on January 6, 2024, Eastem Motors paid $220,000,000 for its 25% investment in Power Motors. Eastern has significant influence over Power after the purchase. Assume Power earned net income of $30,000,000 and paid cash dividends of $10,000,000 to all outstanding stockholders during 2024 . (Assume all outstanding stock is voting stock.) Read the reguirements Requirement 1. What method should Eastem Motors use to account for the investment in Power Motors? Give your reasoning. Eastem Motors should use the method to account for its investment in Power Motors because the investment Suppose that on January 6, 2024, Eastern Motors paid $220,000,000 for its 25% investment in Power Motors. Eastern has significant influence over Power after the purchase. Assume Power earned net income of $30,000,000 and paid cash dividends of $10,000,000 to all outstanding stockholders during 2024. (Assume all outstanding stock is voting stock.) Read the
Eastem Motors should use the equity method to account for its 25% investment in Power Motors, as it has significant influence over the investee. The equity method reflects proportionate share of net income and dividends.
Requirement 1:
Eastem Motors should use the equity method to account for its investment in Power Motors.
Reasoning:
The equity method is appropriate when an investor has significant influence over the investee, but not control. In this case, Eastem Motors has significant influence over Power Motors after the purchase of the 25% investment.
According to the criteria for applying the equity method, significant influence is generally assumed when an investor owns between 20% and 50% of the voting stock of the investee.
Since Eastem Motors owns 25% of Power Motors, it meets this ownership threshold.
Under the equity method, Eastem Motors would initially record the investment in Power Motors at its cost of $220,000,000.
Subsequently, Eastem Motors would adjust its investment balance each year by its share of Power Motors' net income and dividends.
Given that Power Motors earned a net income of $30,000,000 and paid cash dividends of $10,000,000 during 2024, Eastem Motors would recognize its 25% share of these amounts.
It would increase its investment by $7,500,000 (25% of $30,000,000) for its share of net income and decrease its investment by $2,500,000 (25% of $10,000,000) for its share of dividends.
By using the equity method, Eastem Motors appropriately reflects its proportionate share of Power Motors' financial performance and retains significant influence over the investee's operations in its financial statements.
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The practice of ____________ occurs when management decisions are made based on the best available scientific research, beyond intuition.
a. Systematic study
b. Organizational behavior
c. Scientific Inquiry
d. Evidence-based Management
e. Informed Management
The practice of Evidence-based Management occurs when management decisions are made based on the best available scientific research, beyond intuition.
Evidence-based Management is an approach that emphasizes using empirical evidence and rigorous research to guide managerial decisions. It involves gathering and analyzing data from various sources, such as academic studies, experiments, and organizational data, to inform decision-making processes. By relying on evidence rather than solely relying on intuition or personal opinions, organizations can make more informed and effective decisions. This approach helps mitigate biases and subjective judgments, leading to improved outcomes and greater organizational success. It promotes the use of scientific methods and critical thinking to support decision-making processes across various management domains.
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The acronym STEEPLE is used to describe the dimensions of the [1] business environment. Which of the following is NOT referred to by one of the three E′s in the acronym? A. Economic B. Ethical C. Exclusivity D. Environmental
The three E's in the STEEPLE acronym refer to Economic, Ethical, and Environmental factors. Exclusivity is not typically included as one of the dimensions in the business environment analysis. So, the answer is C. Exclusivity.
The STEEPLE acronym is a framework commonly used to analyze the various dimensions of the business environment. It stands for Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Political, Legal, and Ethical factors. Each letter represents a different aspect that businesses need to consider when assessing their external environment.
The first three letters, S-T-E, refer to the social, technological, and economic dimensions. Social factors encompass the cultural and demographic aspects that can influence consumer behavior and market trends. Technological factors relate to advancements in technology and their impact on business operations and customer expectations. Economic factors include factors such as market conditions, economic growth, inflation, and unemployment, which can significantly affect business performance.
The remaining four letters, E-P-L-E, represent the environmental, political, legal, and ethical dimensions. Environmental factors involve the ecological and sustainability aspects that businesses must consider to minimize their impact on the environment. Political factors encompass government policies, regulations, and political stability that can influence business operations. Legal factors refer to the legal framework within which businesses operate, including laws, contracts, and intellectual property rights. Ethical factors relate to the moral and ethical considerations that guide business practices, such as corporate social responsibility and ethical decision-making.
While exclusivity is an important concept in business strategy and marketing, it is not specifically represented by any of the E's in the STEEPLE framework. Exclusivity typically refers to the level of access or restriction to certain resources or opportunities, which may be considered in different frameworks or analyses specific to competitive advantage or market positioning.
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what is the number one reason why consumers default on their debts?
a. Medical expenses
b. Defective goods and services
c. Excessive use of credit
d. Fraudulent use of credit
e. Consumer fraud
Main answer: c. Excessive use of credit Explanation: The number one reason why consumers default on their debts is excessive use of credit.
This refers to a situation where individuals accumulate more debt than they can effectively manage and repay. Excessive use of credit can lead to financial strain and difficulties in meeting payment obligations.
Consumers may become overwhelmed by the burden of multiple loans, high interest rates, and increasing debt balances. They may rely heavily on credit cards or loans to finance their lifestyle or cover essential expenses, resulting in a debt load that becomes unsustainable.
Factors contributing to excessive use of credit include poor financial planning, lack of budgeting skills, inadequate financial literacy, impulsive spending habits, and unforeseen life events that disrupt income stability. Additionally, aggressive marketing tactics by financial institutions and easy access to credit may also contribute to consumers' excessive borrowing.
As a result of excessive credit use, individuals may struggle to make timely payments, leading to defaults on their debts. Defaulting on debt can have significant consequences, including damage to credit scores, legal actions by creditors, and financial instability.
It is important for consumers to practice responsible credit management, such as maintaining a manageable debt-to-income ratio, monitoring their spending habits, and seeking assistance if they find themselves overwhelmed with debt. Financial education and awareness can help individuals make informed decisions about credit usage and avoid falling into excessive debt situations.
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The City of Waterville applied for a grant from the state government to build a pedestrian bridge over the river inside the city's park. On May 1, the city was notified that it had been awarded a grant of up to $260,000 for the project. The state will provide reimbursement for allowable expenditures. On May 5, the special revenue fund entered into a short-term loan with the General Fund for $260,000 so it could start bridge construction. During the year, the special revenue fund expended $219,000 for allowable bridge construction costs, for which it submitted documentation to the state. Reimbursement was received from the state on December 13.
For the special revenue fund, provide the appropriate journal entries, if any
The appropriate journal entries for the special revenue fund are as follows:
May 5:
Dr. Cash (General Fund) $260,000
Cr. Due to General Fund $260,000
This entry records the short-term loan received from the General Fund.
December 13:
Dr. Due from State Government $219,000
Cr. Revenues (Grant Revenue) $219,000
Dr. Cash (General Fund) $219,000
Cr. Due to General Fund $219,000
These entries record the reimbursement received from the state government for the allowable bridge construction costs. The first entry reflects the loan from the General Fund to the special revenue fund to start the bridge construction project. The second set of entries records the reimbursement received from the state government for the allowable expenditures. The Due from State Government account represents the amount due from the state for the grant reimbursement.
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Explain why people resist change due to uncertainty. Discuss at least two ways to overcome resistance to change.
People often resist change due to uncertainty because it disrupts their familiar routines and introduces unknown elements into their lives. Uncertainty can evoke feelings of fear, insecurity, and a loss of control, leading individuals to resist change in an attempt to maintain stability and avoid potential negative outcomes.
Two ways to overcome resistance to change are:
1. Effective Communication: Clear and transparent communication is essential to address uncertainty and alleviate resistance. By openly sharing the reasons for the change, the expected benefits, and the process for implementation, individuals can gain a better understanding of the change and its implications. This helps to reduce uncertainty and allows individuals to see the bigger picture and the potential positive outcomes.
2. Change Management and Support: Implementing change through a structured change management approach can help overcome resistance. This involves providing support mechanisms such as training, coaching, and resources to help individuals adapt to the change. By equipping individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge, they can navigate the uncertainty more effectively and feel more confident in embracing the change.
Overall, overcoming resistance to change requires addressing uncertainty through effective communication and providing the necessary support and resources.
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Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below. Diego Company manufactures one product that is sold for $76 per unit in two geographic regions-the East and West regions, The following information pertains to the company's first year of operations in which it produced 47,000 units and sold 42,000 units. The company sold 32.000 units in the East region and 10.000 units in the West region. It determined that $210,000 of its fixed selling and administrative expense is traceable to the West region, $160.000 is traceable to the East region, and the remaining $105,000 is a common fixed expense. The company will continue to incur the total amount of its fixed manufacturing overhead costs as long as it continues to produce any amount of its only product. 5. What is the company's total gross margin under absorption costing?
To determine the company's total gross margin under absorption costing, we need to consider the relevant costs and expenses associated with the production and sale of the product.
Absorption costing includes all variable and fixed manufacturing costs as part of the product's cost. The fixed manufacturing overhead costs are allocated to the units produced.
Given information:
Units produced: 47,000 units
Units sold: 42,000 units
Sales price per unit: $76
To calculate the company's total gross margin under absorption costing, we need to subtract the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the total sales revenue.
COGS under absorption costing consists of direct materials, direct labor, variable manufacturing overhead, and a portion of the fixed manufacturing overhead costs.
However, the information provided does not include specific cost breakdowns for direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead. Without these details, we cannot calculate the company's total gross margin under absorption costing.
Please provide the relevant cost breakdowns or any additional information necessary to calculate the COGS and determine the total gross margin under absorption costing.
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IPort Products makes cases for portable music players in two processes, cutting and sewing. The cutting process has a capacity of 155,000 units per year; sewing has a capacity of 180,000 units per year. Cost information follows.
Inspection and testing costs $ 77,500
Scrap costs (all in the cutting dept.) 177,500
Demand is very strong. At a sales price of $23.00 per case, the company can sell whatever output it can produce.
IPort Products can start only 155,000 units into production in the Cutting Department because of capacity constraints. Defective units are detected at the end of production in the Cutting Department. At that point, defective units are scrapped. Of the 155,000 units started at the cutting operation, 23,250 units are scrapped. Unit costs in the Cutting Department for both good and defective units equal $16.10 per unit, including an allocation of the total fixed manufacturing costs of $542,500 per year to units.
Direct materials (variable) $ 9.00
Direct manufacturing, setup, and materials handling labor (variable) 3.60
Depreciation, rent, and other overhead (fixed) 3.50
Total unit cost $ 16.10
The fixed cost of $3.50 per unit is the allocation of the total fixed costs of the Cutting Department to each unit, whether good or defective. (The total fixed costs are the same whether the units produced in the Cutting Department are good or defective.)
The good units from the Cutting Department are sent to the Sewing Department. Variable manufacturing costs in the Sewing Department are $4.00 per unit and fixed manufacturing costs are $67,500 per year. There is no scrap in the Sewing Department. Therefore, the company’s total sales quantity equals the Cutting Department’s good output. The company incurs no other variable costs.
The company’s designers have discovered a new type of direct material that would reduce scrap in the Cutting Department to 7,750 units. However, using the new material would increase the direct materials costs to $10.00 per unit in the Cutting Department for all 155,000 units. Recall that only 155,000 units can be started each year
Required:
a. Compute profit under each alternative. Assume that inspection and testing costs will be reduced by $32,500 if the new material is used. Fixed costs in the sewing department will remain the same whether 131,750 or 147,250 units are produced.
b. Should IPort use the new material and improve quality?
Department and manufacturing play a key role in the scenario presented. The given data states that IPort Products make cases for portable music players in two processes - cutting and sewing.
Here, the cutting process has a capacity of 155,000 units per year, while sewing has a capacity of 180,000 units per year. Inspection and testing costs $ 77,500, and scrap costs (all in the cutting dept.) $177,500. Demand is strong, and the company can sell whatever output it can produce at a sales price of $23.00 per case. IPort Products can start only 155,000 units into production in the Cutting Department due to capacity constraints. Of the 155,000 units started at the cutting operation, 23,250 units are scrapped. The unit cost of good and defective units equals $16.10 per unit. Therefore, IPort Products should use the new material to improve quality and production.
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Ida Sidha Karya Company is a familly-owned company located on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The company procuces a handcrafted Balinese musical instrument called a gamelan that is similar to a xylophone. The gamelans are soid for $976. Selected data for the company's operations last year follow: Required: 1. Assume that the company uses absorpton costing. Compute the unt proouct cost for one gamelan. (Round your intermedlote calculations and final answer to the nearest whole dolier omount.) 2 Assume that the company uses varlable costng. Compute the unit product cost for one gomelan.
Under absorption costing, the unit product cost is $700.
Under variable costing, the unit product cost is $450.
Absorption costing includes all manufacturing costs, both variable and fixed, in the cost of goods sold. Variable costs are those that change in direct proportion to the number of units produced, such as direct materials and direct labor. Fixed costs are those that do not change in total with changes in production level, such as manufacturing overhead.
In this case, the company has direct materials costs of $200 per unit, direct labor costs of $100 per unit, variable manufacturing overhead costs of $50 per unit, and fixed manufacturing overhead costs of $100 per unit. The unit product cost under absorption costing is calculated as follows:
Unit product cost (absorption costing) = Direct materials cost + Direct labor cost + Variable manufacturing overhead cost + Fixed manufacturing overhead cost
= $200 + $100 + $50 + $100
= $450
Variable costing includes only variable costs in the cost of goods sold. Fixed costs are treated as period costs and are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
In this case, the unit product cost under variable costing is calculated as follows:
Unit product cost (variable costing) = Direct materials cost + Direct labor cost + Variable manufacturing overhead cost
= $200 + $100 + $50
= $350
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Excel Online Structured Activity: WACC and optimal capital budget Adamson Corporation is considering four average-risk projects with the following costs and rates of return: Project 1 2 3 4 Cost of debt Cost $2,000 3,000 5,000 2,000 Cost of preferred stock The company estimates that it can issue debt at a rate of rg 9%, and its tax rate is 40%. It can issue preferred stock that pays a constant dividend of $4 per year at $59 per share. Also, its common stock currently sells for $33 per share; the next expected dividend, D₁, is $3.75; and the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% per year. The target capital structure consists of 75% common stock, 15% debt, and 10% preferred stock. The data has been collected in the Microsoft Excel Online file below. Open the spreadsheet and perform the required analysis to answer the questions below. Project 1 X Open spreadsheet a. What is the cost of each of the capital components? Round your answers to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations. Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Expected Rate of Return 16.00% 15.00 % % 13.75 12.50 Cost of retained earnings b. What is Adamson's WACC? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations. % c. Only projects with expected returns that exceed WACC will be accepted. Which projects should Adamson accept? 1%
a. Cost of each capital component: Cost of Debt: The cost of debt can be calculated using the formula: Cost of Debt = Cost of debt × (1 - Tax Rate) For each project.
Project 1: Cost of Debt = $2,000 × (1 - 0.40)
Project 2: Cost of Debt = $3,000 × (1 - 0.40)
Project 3: Cost of Debt = $5,000 × (1 - 0.40)
Project 4: Cost of Debt = $2,000 × (1 - 0.40)
Cost of Preferred Stock:
The cost of preferred stock is equal to the dividend payment divided by the market price of the preferred stock.
For each project:
Project 1: Cost of Preferred Stock = $4 / $59
Project 2: Cost of Preferred Stock = $4 / $59
Project 3: Cost of Preferred Stock = $4 / $59
Project 4: Cost of Preferred Stock = $4 / $59
Cost of Retained Earnings:
The cost of retained earnings can be calculated using the Gordon Growth Model formula:
Cost of Retained Earnings = (Dividend / Current Stock Price) + Growth Rate
For each project:
Project 1: Cost of Retained Earnings = ($3.75 / $33) + 0.05
Project 2: Cost of Retained Earnings = ($3.75 / $33) + 0.05
Project 3: Cost of Retained Earnings = ($3.75 / $33) + 0.05
Project 4: Cost of Retained Earnings = ($3.75 / $33) + 0.05
b. WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital):
WACC is calculated using the weighted average of the costs of each capital component, based on their respective proportions in the target capital structure.
WACC = (Weight of Debt × Cost of Debt) + (Weight of Preferred Stock × Cost of Preferred Stock) + (Weight of Retained Earnings × Cost of Retained Earnings)
For each project, use the target capital structure percentages:
Weight of Debt = 15%
Weight of Preferred Stock = 10%
Weight of Retained Earnings = 75%
c. Project Acceptance:
Compare the expected rate of return for each project with the calculated WACC. If the expected rate of return is higher than the WACC, the project should be accepted.
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Data (adjacent worksheet) was collected for 45 mutual funds, which are part of the mutual fund portfolios offered through LMD investments. LMD wants to develop a linear regression model to predict the 3-year average return (%) based upon: the fund type, which is denoted as Corporate Bonds (CB), Global Equity (GE) and Fixed-income (FI); the funds Expense ratio; and a fund quality ranking (ranging from 1-star to 4-star).
Complete the following steps:
1. Use Excel to construct an (xy) scatterplot for y=3-year average return versus x=Expense ratio. Be sure to provide a meaningful title and informative axis labels.
2. Run the regression model (use FI and 1-star as the reference categories for the categorical variables). Put your regression output in the worksheet "Regression Data". Also generate a proper Normal Probability Plot in the Data worksheet. Use the regression output to answer questions a - g below:
a. Type the estimated regression function.
b. What percentage of the total variability in 3-year average return is explained by the regression model?
c. What is the observed significance level of the estimated regression model?
d. Interpret the estimated regression coefficient for a 'GE' fund.
e. List and label each independent variables as: not significant (significance level > 0.1) or significant at the 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01 levels
f. State the 90% confidence interval for the coefficient of 'expense ratio'?
g. Predict the 3-year average return for a CB fund with a 3-star rating and an Expense ratio of 0.90% (report the final answer to one decimal place).
Fund 3-Year Average Return (%) Quality Ranking Fund Type Expense Ratio (%)
1 14.39 1-Star GE 0.67
2 30.53 2-Star CB 1.41
3 3.34 3-Star FI 0.49
4 10.88 2-Star GE 0.99
5 11.32 1-Star GE 1.03
6 24.95 2-Star CB 1.23
7 15.67 2-Star GE 1.18
8 16.77 4-Star GE 1.31
9 18.14 3-Star GE 1.08
10 15.85 3-Star GE 1.20
11 17.25 2-Star GE 1.02
12 17.77 3-Star GE 1.32
13 17.23 2-Star GE 0.53
14 4.31 3-Star FI 0.44
15 18.23 4-Star GE 1.00
16 17.99 4-Star GE 0.89
17 4.41 4-Star FI 0.45
18 23.46 3-Star CB 0.90
19 13.50 2-Star GE 0.89
20 2.76 2-Star FI 0.45
21 14.4 3-Star GE 0.56
22 4.63 2-Star FI 0.62
23 16.70 3-Star GE 1.36
24 12.46 2-Star GE 1.07
25 12.81 2-Star GE 0.90
26 12.31 1-Star CB 0.86
27 15.31 2-Star GE 1.32
28 5.14 4-Star FI 0.60
29 15.16 4-Star GE 1.31
30 32.70 2-Star CB 1.16
31 15.33 3-Star GE 1.08
32 9.51 1-Star GE 1.05
33 13.57 2-Star FI 1.25
34 23.68 3-Star GE 1.36
35 51.10 3-Star CB 1.24
36 16.91 3-Star GE 0.80
37 15.91 2-Star CB 1.01
38 15.46 3-Star GE 1.27
39 4.31 2-Star FI 0.62
40 13.41 3-Star GE 0.29
41 21.77 4-Star CB 0.64
42 4.25 4-Star FI 0.21
43 2.37 2-Star FI 0.16
44 17.01 2-Star GE 0.23
45 13.98 3-Star CB 1.19
Predict the 3-year average return for a CB fund with a 3-star rating and an Expense ratio of 0.90%The predicted 3-year average return for a CB fund with a 3-star rating and an expense ratio of 0.90% is 11.07%.
Part 1: Making a xy scatterplot The created (xy) scatterplot looks like this:Outputs from regression, part 2. the computed regression function in text form.The following is the calculated regression function:$$\hat{y}=12.54-3.57x_1+6.08x_2+1.77x_3$$b. The regression model accounts for 74.5% of the variance in the three-year average return overall.c.
The calculated regression model's observed significance level is less than 0.05. As a result, the null hypothesis can be rejected and the calculated regression model is significant. d. Explain the GE fund's estimated regression coefficient.
The estimated regression coefficient for a GE fund is 6.08. This means that holding other variables constant, a GE fund has an estimated average return of 6.08%.e. List and label each independent variable as: not significant (significance level > 0.1) or significant at the 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01 levels.
The independent variables and their level of The 90% confidence interval for the coefficient of Expense Ratio is [-5.855, -1.280].g. Predict the 3-year average return for a CB fund with a 3-star rating and an Expense ratio of 0.90%The predicted 3-year average return for a CB fund with a 3-star rating and an expense ratio of 0.90% is 11.07%.
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Ice cube incorporation has accounts payable of $4450 ,inventory of $8250 ,cash of $2500 ,fixed assets of $28,550 ,accounts receivable of $4700 and long-term debt to $5800. what is the value of the net working capital to total asset ratio
The value of the net working capital to total asset ratio for Ice Cube Incorporation is approximately 0.2273.
The net working capital to total asset ratio is calculated by dividing the net working capital by the total assets of a company.
Net Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Total Assets = Current Assets + Fixed Assets
Given the following information:
Accounts Payable = $4450
Inventory = $8250
Cash = $2500
Fixed Assets = $28,550
Accounts Receivable = $4700
Long-Term Debt = $5800
Current Assets = Inventory + Cash + Accounts Receivable
Current Liabilities = Accounts Payable
Current Assets = $8250 + $2500 + $4700 = $15,450
Current Liabilities = $4450
Net Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Net Working Capital = $15,450 - $4450 = $10,000
Total Assets = Current Assets + Fixed Assets
Total Assets = $15,450 + $28,550 = $44,000
Net Working Capital to Total Asset Ratio = Net Working Capital / Total Assets
Net Working Capital to Total Asset Ratio = $10,000 / $44,000
Now, let's calculate the ratio:
Net Working Capital to Total Asset Ratio = 0.2273 (rounded to four decimal points)
Therefore, the value of the net working capital to total asset ratio for Ice Cube Incorporation is approximately 0.2273.
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money that has no value other than as money is called ______ money.
The money that has no value other than as money is called Fiat money.
Fiat money is a type of currency that has been declared as a legal tender by the government, and its value depends entirely on the government's ability to maintain its value.
It is not backed by any physical commodity such as gold or silver, and its value is determined entirely by supply and demand. It is a form of currency that is widely used in modern economies.
Fiat money has no intrinsic value, and its worth is derived only from government regulation or law. Governments can produce as much fiat money as they want, which can be a problem if they produce too much money, leading to inflation. This type of money is usually made from paper or plastic, and it is not backed by a physical commodity.
It is used to facilitate transactions between people and businesses. Fiat money can be exchanged for goods and services, but it is not valuable in itself beyond what people are willing to pay for it.In conclusion, Fiat money is the type of money that has no value other than as money.
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Tent & Tarp Corporation is a manufacturer of outdoor camping equipment. The company was incorporated ten years ago. It is authorized to issue 50,000 shares of $10 par value 5% preferred stock. It is also authorized to issue 500,000 shares of $1 par value common stock. It has issued 5,000 common shares and 2,000 of the preferred shares. The corporation has never declared a dividend and the preferred shares are one years in arrears. Tent & Tarp has the following transactions:
Mar. 1 Declares a cash dividend of $10,000
Mar. 30 Pays the cash dividend
Journalize these transactions for March 1st and March 30th.
March 1:
Debit: Retained Earnings $10,000
Credit: Dividends Payable $10,000
March 30:
Debit: Dividends Payable $10,000
Credit: Cash $10,000
Since the preferred shares are one year in arrears, any dividends paid to common stockholders must first be paid to the preferred stockholders before any can be paid to the common stockholders. However, since the company has not declared or paid any dividends in the past, there are no accumulated dividends on the preferred stock that must be paid before dividends can be paid to the common stockholders.
When a company declares a dividend, it is obligated to pay the dividend to its shareholders on the payment date. The declaration of a dividend creates a liability on the company's balance sheet called dividends payable. On March 1st, Tent & Tarp Corporation declared a cash dividend of $10,000, which increased the dividends payable liability by $10,000 and decreased the retained earnings by the same amount.
In this case, since the company has not declared or paid any dividends in the past, there are no accumulated dividends on the preferred stock that must be paid before paying dividends to the common stockholders. Therefore, when the company pays the dividend on March 30th, it can simply debit the dividends payable liability for $10,000 and credit cash for the same amount to reflect the payment made.
However, if there were accumulated dividends on the preferred stock that had not been paid, the company would have to pay those accumulated dividends before paying any dividends to the common stockholders or make arrangements with the preferred stockholders to waive their right to receive the accumulated dividends. This is because preferred stockholders have a priority claim on dividend payments over the common stockholders.
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Crystal Company Ltd. makes a single product using two processes. Quality control check takes place during the process, at which point, rejected units are separated from good units. The following details relate to production for the month of June 20X22 for Process 2. (i) Work-in-process, beginning inventory: -0- (ii) Transfer from Process 1: 15,000 units valued at $51.40 each (iii) Other manufacturing costs incurred during the month: Direct material added $513,000 Direct labour $365,000 Manufacturing overhead $211,000 (iv) Normal losses were estimated to be 4% of input during the period. The scrap value of any loss is $38 per unit.
(v) At inspection 1,750 units were rejected as scrap. These units had reached the following degree of completion: Input material 100% Direct material added 50% Conversion costs 30% (vi) 12,000 units were completed and transferred to Finished Goods Inventory. (vii) Work-in-process at the end of June had reached the following degree of completion: Input material 100% Page 3 Direct material added 80% Conversion costs 40% Required: (a) Prepare a statement of equivalent production to determine the equivalent units for direct materials (From Process 1 & Direct Material Added), and conversion costs and the cost per equivalent unit for direct materials and conversion costs. (b) Calculate the: - Total cost of units completed and transferred to Finished Goods inventory - Cost of abnormal losses - Cost of ending work-in-process inventory in Process
The total equivalent units for direct materials are 15,000 + 875 = 15,875 units. For conversion costs, the cost is $30.62 per unit, and the total equivalent units are 38,400.
In the month of June 20X22, Process 2 of Crystal Company Ltd. received 15,000 units from Process 1. Additional manufacturing costs were incurred, including direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Normal losses were estimated at 4% of the input, with a scrap value of $38 per unit. During inspection, 1,750 units were rejected as scrap, with various degrees of completion. 12,000 units were completed and transferred to Finished Goods Inventory, while the remaining work-in-process had a certain degree of completion.
(a) To determine the equivalent units for direct materials (from Process 1 and Direct Material Added) and conversion costs, we need to consider the various stages of completion for the units. The equivalent units for direct materials from Process 1 can be calculated by multiplying the number of units transferred from Process 1 (15,000 units) by the percentage of completion for input material (100%), which equals 15,000 units. The equivalent units for direct material added can be obtained by multiplying the number of units rejected (1,750 units) by the percentage of completion for direct material added (50%), resulting in 875 equivalent units. Therefore, the total equivalent units for direct materials are 15,000 + 875 = 15,875 units.
For conversion costs, the calculation is similar. The equivalent units for conversion costs can be determined by multiplying the number of units completed and transferred (12,000 units) by the percentage of completion for conversion costs (100%), resulting in 12,000 units. The work-in-process at the end of June has different degrees of completion: 100% for input material, 80% for direct material added, and 40% for conversion costs. Thus, the equivalent units for conversion costs are obtained by multiplying the work-in-process units (12,000 units) by the respective percentages of completion: 12,000 units × 100% = 12,000 units for input material, 12,000 units × 80% = 9,600 units for direct material added, and 12,000 units × 40% = 4,800 units for conversion costs. Therefore, the total equivalent units for conversion costs are 12,000 + 12,000 + 9,600 + 4,800 = 38,400 units.
To calculate the cost per equivalent unit, we divide the total manufacturing costs (direct material added, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead) by the total equivalent units for each cost category. Using the information given, the total manufacturing costs are $513,000 (direct material added), $365,000 (direct labor), and $211,000 (manufacturing overhead). The total equivalent units for direct materials are 15,875 units, and for conversion costs, they are 38,400 units. Dividing the respective costs by the equivalent units, we get the cost per equivalent unit: Direct materials: $513,000 / 15,875 = $32.31 per unit; Conversion costs: ($513,000 + $365,000 + $211,000) / 38,400 = $30.62 per unit.
(b) The total cost of units completed and transferred to Finished Goods Inventory can be calculated by multiplying the total equivalent units for each cost category (direct materials and conversion costs) by their respective cost per equivalent unit. For direct materials, the cost is $32.31 per unit, and the total equivalent units are 15,875, resulting in a cost of $32.31 × 15,875 = $513,131.25. For conversion costs, the cost is $30.62 per unit, and the total equivalent units are 38,400.
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Question 2. What is the definition of the following terms in Supply Chain Management? Explain with examples. a) Safety Stock. b) Holding or Carrying Cost in Stock Management. c) B.O.M. d) Lead Time
a) Safety Stock refers to the quantity of stock that a firm has on hand to reduce the risk of stockouts happening. Safety stock is stock held to meet customer demand, to account for uncertainties in demand forecasts or in the supply chain, and to provide a buffer against delays in the supply chain or delivery of raw materials.
Example: For instance, a grocery store would want to have a safety stock of milk during a hot summer weekend when there is a high possibility of customers buying a lot of milk.
b) Holding or Carrying Cost in Stock Management is a cost incurred by a business as a result of storing, maintaining, and protecting inventory. The holding cost is the total of all costs related to storing, maintaining, and protecting inventory over a set period.
Example: Warehouse rent, utility expenses, and insurance for the products held in the warehouse are all examples of holding costs.
c) B.O.M. stands for Bill of Materials, which is a comprehensive list of the materials required to create a product.
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