Answer:
Both types of genetic data can be used to generate evolutionary trees, but indels increase phylogenetic resolution
Explanation:
Nucleotide substitutions, also known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are genetic changes at specific positions in the genome that can be used to compare two or more sequences through a local alignment. SNPs enable to estimate the evolutionary distances among sequences and they are the most common type of genetic variation used to draw phylogenetic trees. On the there hand, sequence insertions and deletions, collectively referred to as indels, can increase the resolution of an evolutionary tree because this type of variation is less frequent in the population (i..e., indels generally have higher deleterious effects than SNPs). However, it is important to note that, in the case of indels, it is imperative to include more complex alignment algorithms in order to analyze data derived from this type of genetic variation.
Acidification of the stomach uses all of the following types of transport EXCEPT: A. channels. B. pumps. C. antiporters. AND. symporters. E. All of these are used by parietal cells.
Answer: Option E.
All of these are used by parietal cells.
Explanation:
Parietal cells are found in the stomach and they produced gastric acid(Hcl)..
HCl is produced when water mixed with carbondioxide in the parietal cell to produced carbonic acid which is catalyses by carbonic anhydrase. The carbonic acid then dissociates into hydrogen ion and carbonate ion.
Parietal cell produce HCl due to histamine (via H2 receptors), acetylcholine (M3 receptors) and gastrin (gastrin receptors).
Therefore it uses channels, pumps, antiporter.
Describe the transport properties of the loop of Henle and explain the interactions between the ascending and descending limbs
Answer:
The loop of henle is a part of the renal functional unit.
This handle has an ascending part and a descending part.
In the descending loop, the urine that is formed inside enters a hypotonia, since a large amount of water is absorbed and the concentrations of solutes in the urine decrease, thus generating a hypoosmolar solution, that is, with less molarity.
In the ascending loop of henle, the opposite arises, ionic channels appear that increase the concentration of solutes, this is how the urine that runs through the interior of the ascending loop of henle becomes hyperosmolar.
Hyperosmolarity is the increase in concentrations of solutes, and the increase in molarity of the solution, which in this case would be urine.
Explanation:
A very important fact is that urea is absorbed in the ascending henle loop.
basic question for fun . HOW TO FIGHT WITH TYPES OF VIRUS IN THE WORLD AND HOW GET RID FROM IT EXAMPLES: CORONA VIRUS, INFLUENZA, TYPHOID, HEPHATITISAND CHLOREA?
Answer:
Boost immunity power( follow these):
1. Have enougn sleep.
2. Be happy...overcome stress.
3.Do exercises frequently.
4. Have regular check ups ;these may help to diagnosis on early stage.
5. Consume the foods which boosts immunity.
6. Be mentally strong.
Explanation:
There isn't proved ideas ...however, we can fight by making our immune system strong...
HIT LIKE
The force of a muscle contraction is higher when the muscle is stimulated every 0.5 secs than when stimulated with the same voltage every 0.05 seconds.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
b. False
Explanation:
Increasing the frequency of muscle stimulation causes wave summation to occur, which causes an overlap of muscle twitch. When this muscle summation happens, the force generated in the muscle increases. This means that stimulating the muscle every 0.5 seconds will generate less muscle contraction force than when stimulated every 0.05 seconds
By 1884, extensive hunting reduced the number of Northern elephant seals to fewer than 100. The extremely limited genetic variation in these seals is consistent with which genetic effect?
Answer:
Genetic drift, specifically the Bottleneck effect.
Explanation:
Genetic drift is an evolutionary mechanism in which the allelic frequencies in a population change through many generations. Its effects are harder in a small-sized population, meaning that this effect is inversely proportional to the population size. Genetic drift results in some alleles loss, even those that are beneficial for the population, and the fixation of some other alleles by an increase in their frequencies. The final consequence is to randomly fixate one of the alleles. Low-frequency alleles are the most likely to be lost. Genetic drift results in a loss of genetic variability within a population.
Genetic drift has important effects on a population when this last one reduces its size dramatically because of a disaster -bottleneck effect- or because of a population split -founder effect-.
The bottleneck effect is a special case of genetic drift, which is most likely to affect smaller populations. In the exposed example, extensive hunting reduced the number of Northern elephant seals, reducing the number of individuals to fewer than 100. This population experienced one or many generations of very small size since these animals were affected by hunting. As the survivors did not have the whole genetic pool of the original population, the population size might have recovered, but the genetic pool might have not.
2. Name the sympathetic ganglia in which the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse.
Answer:
The paravertebral ganglia is the sympathetic ganglia where the pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic neurons synapse.
Explanation:
Which type of gene is only expressed if there are two genes of that type? (1 point)
O recessive gene
O Co-dominant gene
O dominant gene
O inactivated gene
what type of rocks form from decaying plants
Answer:
Types of rocks are three types in :- metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rocks, these are rocks formed dirt,soil and organic matter.
Explanation:
Sedimentary rocks are is known to plant contain animal fossils, there is a high level of animals and plant they develop layer of rock fuel include oil natural gas.
Sedimentary rock due to the consist addition of new particles by the water and erosion,basins found on to the earth fore arc and back arc basins.
Coal is the type of sedimentary rock that is plant and dead animals or organic matter,long period under time right conditions.
Sedimentary rock is different type carbonate, coal, chemically performed carbonate rock several kind of chalk and carbonate minerals.
Metamorphic and igneous rocks are abundant and they the most of rocks are on the earth actually are sedimentary rock,an animal and plant refuse one location and settle there soil and organic matter decaying animals.
Answer:
Organic sedimentary rocks form from decaying plants. Over time, organic matter from decaying plants and animals is pressed together and compacted to rocks.
Explanation:
When discussing magnetic fields we could say that
metals can become magnetic if they have many spinning electrons that create magnetic fields
O metals are magnets because they have more electrons than non-magnetic materials
O non-paired electrons spin in opposite directions creating a magnetic field
the spinning electrons in some atoms pair up and create a magnetic field
Answer:
Explanation:
metal can become magnetic if they have many spinning electron. When the majority of atoms spin in the same direction the strong magnetic field is produced the direction of electron spin determine the direction of magnetic field
#1 Multiple choice: A. The highest temperatures are on land B. High ocean temperatures form a band in the tropics and subtropics that does not everywhere follow the equator C. Temperatures generally are higher on land than over adjacent oceans D. All of these are valid
Answer:
d all of these are valid generalizations
4. Unlike a scientific theory, a scientific law describes an observed pattern in nature without
attempting to explain it.
O true
Ofalse
Answer:
False
Any discovery must first be tested and have an explanation
which of the following would differ if you compared the same reaction taking place with and without an enzyme
a. the chemical energy of the reactants
b. the chemical change of the product
c. the energy required to the reaction
Answer:
The correct answer is - option C.
Explanation:
Chemical energy is the energy that every substance or chemical have and its not affected by the presence or absence of the enzyme, while the activation energy is the required energy to initiate for a chemical reaction. If the energy of the chemical reaction is less than the activation energy reaction will not take place.
Presence of a enzyme lowers the amount of the energy for the initiating the reaction which is activation energy and the chemical reaction takes place.
Thus, the correct answer is - option C.
Mandy and Pat are discussing a movie that showed someone being injured by radio waves. Mandy says that's not likely because
radio waves are low frequency and low energy, and Pat says that it is likely because otherwise they would not put it in a movie.
What is the best way to help them decide if the information is true?
They can write a letter to the director.
Movies are reliable sources, so they can assume Pat is correct.
They can use reliable web sites or books to get more information.
They can watch another movie in the series to see what happens next.
Answer:
Its C, They can use reliable web sites or books.
Explanation:
g Riboswitch is a mechanism of gene activity regulation by mRNA conformation. Riboswitch can regulate ______.
Answer: c. both transcription and translation
Explanation:
Riboswitchs are mRNA elements that influence the activity of genes certain genes by regulating same and are found in other organisms apart from humans such as bacteria, plants and fungi.
They regulate activity by binding to specific small molecules known as ligands thus causing a structural rearrangement that enables either transcription or translation to be modulated in the gene.
Describe the process of action potential conduction and neurotransmission from one neuron to another, both electrically (including saltatory conduction) and chemically. Describe how a cell fires an action potential and be sure to address which structures are involved in neurotransmission. Discuss reuptake and enzymatic degradation (breakdown) in the context of the appropriate neurotransmitters.
Answer:
neurons are able to communicate through electrical impulses for example when a stimulus is detected the receptor cells transfer electrical impulses to the sensory neurons which is passed onto the relay neurons in the central nervous system and relayed to the motor neurons. the motor neurons travel with the electrical impulses which are transferred to the effectors to cause a response. However neurons travel and commu icate through synapses
Professor George Palade’s elegant experiment to follow protein synthesis and trafficking, published nearly 60 years ago, provided us with a great deal of information and has been used as a tool by several investigators. If you had access to all the reagents needed to repeat the in vitro experiment, describe what you would need to do to see the progression of newly synthesized proteins and their transport in the cell.
Answer:
The interpretation including its particular topic is demonstrated in the following portion on the interpretation.
Explanation:
After experiments with Guinea Pigs, Palade transitioned to anything in vitro research in which sections of pancreatic tissue had all been subjected to a pulsed radioactive lysine for something like a shorter amount of time. The radiation leucine pulse must have been subsequently adopted with nonradioactive leucine, as well as the pieces have been fixed but instead analyzed besides electron microscopy as well as transmission line during some different points in time.Effects from either the radioactive elements with leucine throughout the reflective coating surrounding the tissue fragments formed autoradiographic particles.Such granules eventually passed forward towards the Golgi throughout corresponding different points in time, as well as subsequently towards the cell membranes, whereby they seemed equipped for induction as established zymogen granulates.Which of the following is an example of reproductive isolation?
Answer:
the example of reproductive isolation is temporal isolation, ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation.
What is the retrovirus, and how does it work? Name an example of a retrovirus.
Answer:
A retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that inserts a clone of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades. An example of a retrovirus would be HIV.
Hope this helps! :)
Explanation:
A retrovirus is a specific kind of RNA virus that, when it infects a host cell, will insert a clone of its genome into the DNA of the host cell. HIV is an example of a retrovirus that may infect humans.
What is a retrovirus?A kind of RNA virus known as a retrovirus copies its genome into the DNA of the host cell it invades. HIV is a prime example of a retrovirus.
A virus that employs RNA as its genetic material is referred to as a retrovirus. When a cell becomes infected with a retrovirus, the retroviral RNA is converted to retroviral DNA, which is then inserted into the DNA of the host cell.
Acute retroviral syndrome symptoms, which include headache, nausea, diarrhoea, and body pains, are comparable to those of the flu and go away on their own in a few of weeks. A person who has acute retroviral syndrome may no longer have any symptoms, yet they are nonetheless HIV-positive and remain contagious.
Learn more about retrovirus, here:
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Your town is considering building a bridge across a large lake. Much of the town's drinking water comes from this lake. Before
they make a decision, they hire a team of scientists to investigate the impact of building this bridge. Which statement best
describes why this study is important?
The project will stimulate the town's economy by providing many employment opportunities for the town's residents.
There will be many people opposed to the bridge project, and the study will provide results that will persuade them to
change their minds.
The study will provide the potential risks and benefits of the project and help the town make an informed decision.
If there is a problem after the bridge is built, the town can use the study to impose a fine against the scientists who
conducted the study.
Answer:
C. The study will provide the potential risks and benefits of the project and help the town make an informed decision.
Explanation:
Answer:
c is the anwser
Explanation:
I took the test
Explain the relationship between a thriving civilization and it’s agriculture system? In a paragraph
Answer:
They use advance technologies in agriculture.
Explanation:
There is a direct relationship between thriving civilization and it’s agriculture system because they use advance methods and technologies in agriculture instead of traditional practices. They use heavy machinery for tillage in order to save the time, use high yielding varieties, use proper dose of fertilizers, use of pesticides and weedicides in order to protect the crop. They harvest the crop by using thresher in order to avoid post harvest losses. In short, they use all technologies available to make a higher yield in order to earn more profit.
PLS ANYONE IT'S URGENT Explain eubacteria ?
Answer:
Eubacteria are PROKARYOTIC organisms characterized by the lack of membrane and have peptidoglycan on cell wall when present.
Explanation:
They include most of the familiar bacteria such as E.
Hope it helps.
During cellular movement which filaments will be the ones that are responsible for attaching and pulling the other filaments along?
Answer:
Myosin
Explanation:
Myosin are the major components of both muscle and non muscle cells in striated muscles which is responsible for contraction or movement that convert chemical energy (ATP) into mechanical work thereby generating force and movement.
During cellular movement , myosin filament will be the ones that are responsible for attaching and pulling the other filaments along because Myosin binds to actin at a binding site on the globular actin protein,it also have ATP binding sites which hydrolyses ADP to ATP , ATP binding causes myosin to release actin, which make actin and myosin to detach from each other thereby causing attachment and contraction of other filaments
A researcher wants to measure physical height in as much detail as possible. Which level of measurement does she employ?
Ratio level
Interval level
Ordinal level
Nominal level
ʏᴏᴜʀ ᴀɴsᴡᴇʀ
Ratio level is the correct option.
ᴇxᴘʟᴀɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ:Scales of measurement provide information regarding the measurements and the values that have been assigned to the variables within it. Ratio level of data is a quantitative type of data and they have an absolute zero.
What is better sexual or asexual? Reproductive
Answer:
to reproduce sexual is better
Explanation:
i think if your asexual you don't feel attraction so you probably wont have intercourse and not reproduce whereas if your sexual you will
Answer:
tough question
Explanation: asexual is a broad broad broad spectrum some people who are ace are willing to have intercourse just wont find pleasure in it or some people are willing to have intercourse every once in a while or when they feel like it so technically ace people can reproduce just probably more likely that they wont but the question is also probably not the best because not all ace people are the same
1. A tree root breaking a rock into smaller fragments is an example of both _______ and mechanical weathering.
2. When rocks are exposed to heat, they _______, which can contribute to thermal stress.
3. When harmful gases, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, react with water in the atmosphere, they can produce
4. The agent of erosion involved in stream erosion is
5. When the ground is so saturated that it can't absorb rainfall or when rain falls so quickly that the ground can't absorb the water, _______ forms.
6. A/An _______ is a huge, heavy, moving body of ice that picks up rocks and sand and erodes the ground beneath it as these materials scrape across it.
7. Hot arid climates are prone to erosion by _______.
8. Rows of trees and shrubs planted to protect fields from wind erosion are known as _______.
Answer:
chemical
expand
acid rain.
rushing water.
runoff
glacier
wind.
windbreaks
Explanation:
The correct terms for the given fill in the blanks are:
1. A tree root breaking a rock into smaller fragments is an example of both chemical and mechanical weathering. Weathering is the breakdown of rock into smaller particles.
2. The rocks when are exposed to heat, expand contributing to thermal stress.
3. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are harmful gases, which react with water in the air to form acid rain.
4. The agent of erosion involved in stream erosion is referred to as rushing water.
5. The ground is so saturated that it can't absorb rainfall or heavy and quick rainfall does not allow the ground to absorb the water forming runoffs.
6. Glacier is a huge, heavy, moving body of ice that picks up rocks and sand and erodes the ground beneath it as these materials scrape across it.
7. Hot arid climates are prone to erosion by wind.
8. Windbreaks refer to the rows of trees and shrubs planted to protect fields from wind erosion.
To know more about weathering, refer to the following link:
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Applying ACh to the small intestine will cause a smooth muscle ______, which is through activation of ______ receptors.
Answer:
The correct answer is - Excitation; and Gi receptors.
Explanation:
ACh or acetylcholine is a secondary messenger that cause excitation by propagate the signal to the muscles from neurons. It is helps in transport the signal from the motor neurons to the muscles.
ACh release from the parasympathetic neurons and can directly excitation to the smooth muscle by binding to the Gi receptors or muscarinic receptors and activate them for excitation and contraction.
Thus, the correct answer is - Excitation; and Gi receptors.
The removal of sections of RNA, called introns, occur at which regulation step in eukaryotic cells? (1 point)
o mRNA life span
O post-translation
O RNA processing
ochromatin remodeling
Answer:
post-translation
Explanation:
When a eukaryotic gene is transcribed in the nucleus, the primary transcript (freshly made RNA molecule) isn't yet considered a messenger RNA. Instead, it's an "immature" molecule called a pre-mRNA.
The pre-mRNA has to go through some modifications to become a mature mRNA molecule that can leave the nucleus and be translated. These include splicing, capping, and addition of a poly-A tail, all of which can potentially be regulated – sped up, slowed down, or altered to result in a different product.
Most pre-mRNA molecules have sections that are removed from the molecule, called introns, and sections that are linked or together to make the final mRNA, called exons. This process is called splicing.
In the process of alternative splicing, different portions of an mRNA can be selected for use as exons. This allows either of two (or more) mRNA molecules to be made from one pre-mRNA.
Answer:
RNA processing
Explanation:
RNA processing. Splicing, capping, and addition of a poly-A tail to an RNA molecule can be regulated, and so can exit from the nucleus. Different mRNAs may be made from the same pre-mRNA by alternative splicing.
The process called substrate cycling is used to describe this process: Group of answer choices Freely reversible reactions Recycling of vitamins as catalysts in metabolism Situations where there are two different enzymes used to reverse a specific step in a metabolic pathway
Answer:
where there are two different enzymes used to reverse a specific step in a metabolic pathway is the correct answer.
Explanation:
where there are two different enzymes used to reverse a specific step in a metabolic pathway is a process of substrate cycling because its a process that happen between two metabolic pathways or different enzymes ,non equilibrium catalyses reactions which occurs or happen at the same time in opposite directions and having no effect but its deplete energy inform of heat.
the origin of a muscle is generally
explain the question more
Answer: The stable and proximal attachment
Explanation:
Explain how deforestion can lead to water pollution.
Hello I am new here can help.Thanks
Answer:
Although loss of forest cover can increase runoff, the increased runoff can accelerate soil erosion and increase the sediment load and turbidity of water sources, thus decreasing the water quality.
Explanation:
Explanation:
although loss of forest cover can increase runoff the increased runoff can accelerate soil erosion and increase the sediment load and turbidity of water source does decreasing the water
