The bacterium Methylophilus methylotrophus can use methanol and ammonia for protein synthesis. The glutamate dehydrogenase gene from E. coli was introduced into M. methylotrophus using recombinant DNA techniques. Under high ammonia conditions, the introduction of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene into M. methylotrophus resulted in an increase in protein yield. Select the statements that are reasonable explanations for the increased protein yield in the modified M. methylotrophus. Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes the formation of glutamate and glutamine in a two-step process. Both glutamate and glutamine play a key role in amino acid synthesis, thus an increase in levels of glutamate and glutamine increase protein synthesis. Glutamate dehydrogenase has a low affinity for NH^+_4, and can only catalyze the formation of glutamate from alpha-ketoglutarate and NH^+_4, when the concentration of NH^+_4 is high. Glutamate dehydrogenase has a high affinity for NH^+_4, thus the rate of glutamate synthesis increases exponentially under high ammonia conditions. Glutamate is the amino group donor for most transamination reactions involving amino acids, thus an increase in glutamate concentration increases protein synthesis.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

- Glutamate dehydrogenase has a low affinity for NH+4, and can only catalyze the formation of glutamate from alpha-ketoglutarate and NH+4, when the concentration of NH+4 is high.  

- Glutamate is the amino group donor for most transamination reactions involving amino acids, thus an increase in glutamate concentration increases protein synthesis.

Explanation:

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) is an enzyme found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which is known to catalyze the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate (Glu) to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia at the same time the oxidation of NADH to NAD. In bacteria, this enzyme (GLDH) is efficient only at high concentrations of the ammonium cation (NH4+), because it has a low affinity for NH4+. Moreover, transamination is a pathway that involves the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a ketoacid in order to form new amino acids (this reaction is responsible for the deamination of most amino acids). Glu is the donor of amino groups in most of the reactions catalyzed by enzymes involved in the transamination between an amino acid and an alpha-keto acid. In consequence, in presence of GLDH, a high concentration of Glu will increase the production of new amino acids and therefore also protein synthesis.


Related Questions

Part C: Take Notes In a separate location, take notes from the sources you have identified. The notes will provide details for your presentation. While taking notes from texts and websites, use these reading strategies. In the space provided, write four pieces of information that you intend to use in your presentation. im to lazy to write the notes

Answers

Answer:

I do that sometimes I take notes in a separate location so is this like for your math homework cuz I am good enough but I don't like it that much but I'm good at it and sources identify things that will the source is like a key a key like you can open and close the door with and you're opening the key with the source so it really really really really and wouldn't be a good thing to take notes wherever you go like if you were writing a book you would want the source and the emotion and everything you wanted to buy

Discuss how the concept of "survival of the fittest" was developed and what it means.

Answers

Explanation:

Survival of the fittest is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection.In On the Origin of Species, he introduced the phrase in the fifth edition published in 1869, intending it to mean "better designed for an immediate, local environment".

Answer:

there right^

Explanation:

edge22

Explain the role of enzymes to living organisms

Answers

Explanation:

enzymes create chemical reaction in the body.But they actually speed up the rate of chemical reaction to help support life.. Enzymes is important to our body as it supports in building muscles and destroying toxins..

Enzymes create chemical reactions in the body. They actually speed up the rate of a chemical reaction to help support life. The enzymes in your body help to perform very important tasks. These include building muscle, destroying toxins, and breaking down food particles during digestion.

What is a working copy of DNA that leaves the nucleus of the cell? And is read by organelles called that connect amino acids together to make proteins

Answers

Answer:

Messenger RNA

Explanation:

Science is concerned with explaining natural phenomena, based on observation, experiments, and evidence. Other questions are best answered by using other forms of knowledge and understanding, such as art, philosophy, or religion. Read each topic and select the topics for Science.
Select ALL that apply.

behavior of alligators

meaning of existence

black holes

deep-sea vents

the Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)

ghosts, goblins, and other creatures in stories

Answers

Answer:

These:

Explanation:

behavior of alligators

black holes

deep sea vents

the Aurora Borealis

Behaviour of alligatorsBlack holesDeep-sea ventsThe Aurora Borealis

What is natural phenomena?

Any event or an occurrence that happens on its own without any human intervention is termed as a natural phenomena.

Natural phenomena harms the nature as well as life on earth.

Common examples of natural phenomena include thunder storms, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, hurricane etc.

Some majestic natural phenomena include blood rain, Northern lights and luminous water in the world.

Natural phenomena can sometimes be destructive in nature and are therefore responsible for loss of lives and property.

It is almost impossible to predict the occurrence of any natural phenomena.

However, the negative outcome of natural phenomena can be managed with special disaster management operation

Thus, natural phenomena could only be observed and understood in science.

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All of the following are examples of the functions of connective tissues except

Answers

Answer:

can you please show the options

Which of the following statements is correct regarding engineering maize plants with a herbicide-resistance gene using Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation?

a. The Ti-plasmid used for this experiment must contain tumor-inducing genes.
b. The herbicide-resistance gene is cloned into the T-DNA region of the Ti-plasmid.
c. The herbicide-resistance gene is cloned into a region outside of the T-DNA in the Ti-plasmid.
d. A guide RNA is used to transfer T-DNA from Agrobacterium to the plant cell.
e. The whole Ti-plasmid containing the herbicide-resistance gene is inserted into the maize genome after infection with Agrobacterium

Answers

Answer:

b. The herbicide-resistance gene is cloned into the T-DNA region of the Ti-plasmid.

Explanation:

Ti-plasmid has the ability to introduce part of its DNA (t-DNA) into the genome of host plants. This is very important for the relationship of genetic manipulation in maize plants, with the aim of inducing a gene that promotes herbicide resistance. In addition, T-DNA has many genes that code for the production of plant growth phytohormones, which is extremely important for the cloning process to work. In this case, we can assume that the correct answer for yours is the letter B.

Which statement explains the goal of using sustainable practices in food
production?
A. It feeds a growing population without harming ecosystems or
humans.
B. It feeds a shrinking human population while still preserving
ecosystems.
C. It keeps a few populations healthy while still generating high
profits
D. It keeps farmers in business by earning them the highest profits.

Answers

Answer: A. It feeds a growing population without harming ecosystems or humans.

Explanation:

Sustainable food production refers to the method of using processes that conserve non-renewable energy, non-polluting, economically efficient, and are also safe for everyone in the society. Also, the needs of the future generation isn't compromised.

The statement explains the goal of using sustainable practices in food

production is to feed a growing population without harming ecosystems or humans. Therefore, the correct option is A.


3.3
Predict the possible genotypes of offspring if two roan heterozygous
polled cattle were mated​

Answers

Answer:

RR, Rw, Rw, ww

Explanation:

Rw

R

w

RR, Rw, Rw, ww

The phenotypes would be 1 Red, 2 Roan, and 1 white, assuming the colors of roan are white and red and red is dominant white is recessive, hope that helps!

Hello ! I need to make on Poetry about the snake to make everything what I know about him , means were it lives , what his ears , what is look like , different colour,there is venomous,etc , some on can help me please? Thank you

Answers

Answer:

try to explain a little more of exactly what you need. a poem about a snake am I correct?

¿Cuál es el rol de la genética microbiana en el contexto de la Biología?
¿Qué aplicaciones tiene la Genética Microbiana hoy en día?

¿En qué consiste el protagonismo de la Genética microbiana en el devenir histórico de la Biología?

Answers

Answer:

- La genética microbiana ha sido fundamental para la comprensión de diferentes mecanismo genéticos y evolutivos  

- Los microrganismos son ampliamente utilizados en medicina y procesos biotecnológicos  

- La microbiología ha permitido descartar la teoría de la generación espontanea (anteriormente aceptada en biologia) como así también formular nuevas teorías (hoy en día ampliamente aceptadas por la comunidad científica)

Explanation:

La genética microbiana juega un papel fundamental en biología, ya que los organismos microscópicos (por ejemplo, bacterias) poseen características únicas para el estudio de mecanismos genético/moleculares tales como, por ejemplo, 1-un corto tiempo generacional y 2-la capacidad de manipulación de un número de organismos muy alto (N muestral) en un laboratorio. En consecuencia, los microrganismos permiten estudiar mecanismos genéticos y evolutivos con mayor grado de precisión y versatilidad al ser comparados con organismos pluricelulares. La microbiología ha permitido el desarrollo de técnicas esenciales en el campo de la biología molecular: la técnica de edición genómica CRISPR-Cas9 se basa en el sistema adaptativo que poseen ciertas bacterias para hacer frente a infecciones virales. La biotecnología microbiana ha permitido también desarrollar diferentes tipos de alimentos y procesos biotecnológicos (por ejemplo, la cerveza y ciertos productos lácteos requiere la utilización de microrganismos para llevar a cabo el proceso de fermentación). Por otra parte, mediante técnicas de recombinación genética podemos explotar las características de los microrganismos para producir a gran escala ciertos productos biotecnológicos y medicinales (por ejemplo, producir insulina para uso humano). La microbiología emergió en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y desde entonces ha posibilitado el desarrollo de importantes avances para el tratamiento y cura de enfermedades infecciosas, como así también descartar teorías tales como la generación espontánea y generar nuevos conocimientos en el campo de la biología y la genética (por ejemplo, el descubrimiento que el ADN se replica de manera semiconservativa fue realizado utilizando cepas de E. coli).

Which of the following models describes the way in which DNA Replication occurs?


semiconservative

dispersive

random

conservative

Answers

Answer:

semiconservative

Explanation:

The semiconservative model of DNA replication states that only one DNA strand is used as template for the synthesis of the other new strands. In DNA replication, the DNA molecule is first unwind into a replication fork containing two single strands of DNA.

After unwinding, DNA polymerase synthesizes new complementary strands of DNA using each of the old strands. So in essence, the two DNA molecules after replication consists of one old and one new strand of DNA. This is basically the semi-conservative model of DNA replication.

Complete each statement by using the appropriate word or phrase from the list. Then place the statements in the order of an action potential repolarization event.
1. Through the activated channels, _________ now flows outwards causing the membrane to repolarize back towards RMP.
2. As the membrane potential ___________, the voltage-regulated sodium channels begin closing which in turn reduces the sodium movement to the ICF
3. With a larger duration of activation than sodium channels, the potassium channels allow for a greater movement of potassium to the ECF causing a short period of_______.
4. With membrane potentials approaching +35 mV, the _________channels become fully activated.
a. Sodium
b. Voltage regulate sodium
c. Potassium
d. Rises towards zero
e. Hyperpolarization
f. Voltage regulated potassium

Answers

Answer:

1. Potassium

2. increasing towards zero

3. hyperpolarization

4. voltage-regulated Potassium

Explanation:

Membrane potential can be defined as the difference in electric charges inside and outside of a cell. The resting membrane potential (RMP) occurs when there is no net current across the membrane and therefore the cell is in a non-excited state. At the RMP, sodium ions (Na+) are more concentrated inside the extracellular fluid (ECF) than inside the intracellular fluid (ICF), while potassium ions (K+)  are more concentrated inside the ICF. The diffusion of K+ outside the cell triggers its hyperpolarization, by becoming the membrane potential more negative compared to the resting potential. As the potential nears +35 mV, the voltage-regulated potassium channels are open, thereby K+ ions leave the cell down its concentration gradient, while voltage-gated Na+ channels become saturated and inactivate.

Why do v sneeze
plz explain it step by step​

Answers

You’re just releasing air that helps your body get rid of irritants that are in our throat and nose. Such as, pollen, dust, etc.

2
Organism A
Offspring 1
Offspring 2
The diagram below represents a form of cellular reproduction
Fi
As a result of this process, offspring 1 and offspring 2 will have *
(2 Points)

Answers

Answer: A

Explanation:

they will have different traits because they will each have different dna but the same amount of genes

Offspring 1 and offspring two will have the same number of genes but different traits. So, the correct option is A.

How the same number of genes?When a sperm fertilizes an egg cell, each parent contributes 23 chromosomes with genetic information to the offspring. This means that each cell of the offspring's body has 23 chromosomes that contain instructions for their development, including their traits.

What are the different traits?Parents pass on traits, such as eye color and blood type, to their offspring through their genes. Some health conditions and diseases can be passed on. Sometimes, one characteristic has many different forms. For example, blood type can be A, B, AB, or O.Eye color is based on the amount of pigment melanin in the iris. Every gene has an allele from its parents, so many variations are possible.  Because of this, even if parents have blue eyes, offspring can have brown or green eyes, or one offspring can have blue, and others can have different eye colors from their family.

Thus, we can conclude that two offspring will have the same genes but different alleles.

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Increasing __________ is one of the most effective treatments for bowel and bladder problems.

Answers

Dietary fiber and fluids (mark brainliest)

Was there any significant difference in appearance between the two bean plants? if so, what was the difference?​

Answers

Explanation:

the plant in the sunlight will receive green color due to chlorophyll and the plant in the dark will have yellow or white color due to the lack of chlorophyll

Primary sensory afferent axons have widely varying diameters, and their size correlates with the type of receptor to which they are attached. Write down the axons that are the smallest and the slowest?

Answers

Answer:

Smaller and slower axons are those related to temperature, itching and pain.

Explanation:

As you may already know, the axon is an extension of the neuron that has the ability to transmit signals to cells, indicating the nerve impulse that must be felt by the body. In other words, the axons receive a synapse, which is the nerve impulse, and pass this message on to a nerve cell to turn it into a sensation. These axons have varying diameters and the speed at which they transmit messages also varies. According to researches, the smaller and slower axons are those related to the sensation of temperature, itching and pain.

cual es la causa para que los oceanos se expanden entre 3 y 10 cm por año

Answers

Answer:

El calentamiento global causa que el nivel del mar se eleve, debido a que el hielo en las plataformas continentales se derrite y que el agua del océano se expande al calentarse.

What is a working copy of DNA and is read by organelles called?

Answers

Answer:

Working copy of DNA is RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

The nucleus controls all of the cell’s activities, such as growth and metabolism, using the DNA’s genetic information.

Answer:

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Explanation:

The working copy of the DNA is called messenger RNA (mRNA). Its ready by  organelles such as ribosomes to manufacture amino acids to make proteins.

Why are temperatures hotter in locations near the equator?

Answers

Temperatures are hitter around the equator because the equator is the part of the earth that has the most heat from the sun directed onto it unlike the north and south pole that have snow because they are farther away
Most of the heat from the sun is directed onto the equator

Explain how sunlight is the primary source of energy for your own life

Answers

Answer: ok...

Explanation:

The continual input of energy, mostly from sunlight, sustains the process of life. Sunlight allows plants, algae and cyanobacteria to use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds like carbohydrates. This process is the fundamental source of organic material in the biosphere.

why it is important that we have an understanding of geologic time

Answers

Answer:

Time is a very important variable in geology because the exact timing of spatially separated events allows us to reconstruct the surface and surface conditions of the ancient earth. Geologic time spans are considerably more difficult to comprehend than historical time spans because they are so incredibly long.

One reason is so that we can fully understand how geological processes that seem impossibly slow can produce anything of consequence. For example, we are familiar with the concept of driving from one major city to another: a journey of several hours at around 100 km/h. Continents move toward each other at rates of a fraction of a millimetre per day, or something in the order of 0.00000001 km/h, and yet, at this impossibly slow rate, they can move thousands of kilometres. Sediments typically accumulate at even slower rates — less than a millimetre per year — but still they are thick enough to be thrust up into monumental mountains and carved into breathtaking canyons.

Another reason is that for our survival on this planet, we need to understand issues like extinction of endangered species and anthropogenic (human-caused) climate change. Some people, who don’t understand geological time, are quick to say that the climate has changed in the past, and that what is happening now is no different. And it certainly has changed in the past. For example, from the Eocene (50 Ma) to the present day, Earth’s climate cooled by about 12°C. That’s a huge change that ranks up there with many of the important climate changes of the distant past, and yet the rate of change over that time was only 0.000024°C/century. Anthropogenic climate change has been 1.1°C over the past 100 years, and that is 45,800 times faster than the rate of natural climate change since the Eocene.

What would happen to the weight of an ice cub if it melted?

A) it would weigh a little more.
B) it would weigh a lot less.
C) it would weigh the same.
D) it would weigh a lot more.

Answers

Answer:

C. it would weigh the same

Explanation:

The mass of the ice doesn't change as the ice melts, so the volume displaced remains the same whether its is solid or liquid.

what do you mean by bone​

Answers

Answer:

bone is a substance that forms the skeleton of the body

Clear-cutting and logging of tropical rain forests causes issues with excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and low rainfall. The land that is cleared and used for farming become depleted of nutrients and thus are useless. Do we have any right to tell other countries how to manage their lands, such as rain forests? If we explain the consequences of clear-cutting the rain forests but that government decides to continue with the process, should we interfere?

Answers

Answer:

yes cause those tropical rain forests are important

Explanation:

Which statement accurately identifies the order of tissues pictures left to right in the microscopic image?

a) Epithelial cells, smooth muscle, connective tissue
b) Connective tissue, epithelial cells, smooth muscle
c) Epithelial cells, connective tissue, smooth muscle
d) Connective tissue, smooth muscle, epithelial cells

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - d)  Connective tissue, smooth muscle, epithelial cells.

Explanation:

The connective tissues are the tissue layers that protect the outside of arteries and veins. The thick outermost layer of a tunica adventitia and other, made of connective tissues.

The middle layer that has tunica media that s made up of outer connective and smooth muscles in the inner or middle and in the innermost layer is made up of epithelial layer.

As per the image given the statements that describe the tissues from the left to right in a microscopic image are connective tissue, smooth muscles, and epithelial cells.

The connective tissues support and protect and give stricture. The smooth muscles are involuntary non straighter muscles. The epithecal cells that line the surface of the body.

Hence the option D is correct.

Learn more about the statement accurately identifies.

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How does variation in the environment affect natural selection?

Answers

Answer:

It effects the way that certain traits in a species evolve in an area due to being better for dealing with the environment more effectively.

Explanation:

This is legit how nature works. Please rate 5 stars.

Write any two demerits of local system of measurement.​

Answers

Answer:

) It's easier for younger people to change than older people. (3) It ignores, and devalues cultural differences, expressions, and idioms, based on imperial measurements. For example: can a British pub be truly British without "Pints of beer"? - "Half a litre of beer" doesn't quite have the same ring to it!

1. cannot be used in international trade.

2. cannot be used in scientific experimemts.....

The fact that _____ is electronegative gives a water molecule a partial positive side.

Answers

Answer:

Oxygen

Explanation:

In a molecule of water ie H20, Oxygen is more electronegative and hence attracts more electrons to itself making Hydrogen partially positive ‍♂️

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Help me with this one plz The volume of a cylinder is 1280pi cm cubed. The radius is 8cm. Find the missing length. Assume that Nortel manufactures specialty electronic circuitry through a unique photoelectronic process. One of the primary products, Model ZX40, has a standard labor time of 0.5 hour and a standard labor rate of $12.50 per hour. During February, the following activities pertaining to direct labor for ZX40 were recorded: Direct labor hours used 2,230 Direct labor cost $34,000 Units of ZX40 manufactured 4,800Required:a. Determine the labor rate variance.b. Determine the labor efficiency variance.c. Determine the total flexible budget labor cost variance. Assume that a population is normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Would it be unusual for the mean of a sample of 3 to be 115 or more? Why or why not? Diane has $814 in her checking account. If she writes five checks for a total of $287, how much does she have leftin her account? the coordinates of three vertices of a rectangle are -2, 3, -2, -1, and 3, -1. what are the coordinates of the fourth vertex 5. I promise that I this secret to anyone (not tell) Helppp.||..,,,;; A large HMO has teamed up with several other large HMOs to study falls and footwear. The investigator proposes to review 5,000 medical records across 10 institutions of individuals injured during the last three years from a fall, so he has enough power to detect whether there is a greater number of falls among people who wear clogs. Because individuals wear so many different types of shoes, he will need to review a large number of records to find those few individuals who fit this category. From the medical records, he plans to extract the type of shoe the individuals wear. Which of the following is likely to be the level of review?a. expedited review required, as the study presents no greater than minimal risk but involves the use of medical records that contain sensitive informationb. full IRB review because the study exposes subjects to greater than minimal risk because the use of private information from multiple institutionsc. exempt as the study presents no greater than minimal risk and does not collect identifying information Which equation has the least steep graph A. y = 2x + 1 B. y = -7x-2 C. y=-3/4x-9 D. y = 1/4x+6 La frmula correcta para encontrar el valor del coseno de un ngulo agudo en un tringulo rectngulo dado es: which of the following statements is true which of these is a way the immune system works with other body systems?A. It replaces skin cells B. It produces osteoblasts C. It filters mucus D. It filters blood Please help Ill give brainliest Determina la masa molar y el volumen que ocupa la siguiente sustancia CO2, si su masa es de 28 gr. * What percent is represented by the shaded area? PLEASE HELP ME I NEED ASAP.Complete the following table on the different types of microscopes. A rocket is launched from a tower. The height of the rocket, y in feet, is related to the time after launch, x in second, by the given equation. Using this equation, find the time that the rocket will hit the ground, to the nearest 100th of a second Which of the following is acceleration toward the center of a circular motion? O A. Centripetal acceleration O B. Uniform circular motion O C. Centrifugal force D. Centripetal force PLEASE HELP ASAP!! Texto laguna de Manuel rojas, A qu problema se enfrenta el narrador al principio de la historia?