Option D. is correct, The shotgun method's major flaw is its propensity to overestimate the size of the genome.
The DNA sequence of an organism's genome can be ascertained in a lab setting using a process called shotgun sequencing. The process entails randomly dividing the genome into tiny DNA fragments that are then individually sequenced. First proposed in 1979, whole genome shotgun sequencing for small (4000 to 7000 base-pair) genomes. The genome of the cauliflower mosaic virus was the first one to be shotgun sequenced and was made public in 1981. Hierarchical shotgun sequencing, which requires the first generation of a low-resolution map of the genome, is slower than whole-genome shotgun sequencing but uses fewer computer methods.
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Explain the theory of plate tectonics and how they have changed Earth’s surface over time. Include the role of plate tectonics in the creation of landforms.
-Please include in your response:
- Identify the evidence for plate movement.
- Explain the different types of plate boundaries and what happens at each plate boundary in the creation of landforms over time.
Answer:
Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer layer is composed of a number of large, rigid plates that move relative to one another. The movement of these plates is responsible for the creation of landforms and the shaping of Earth's surface over time.
There is a lot of evidence for the movement of these plates. For example, the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes around the world is consistent with the movement of plates. In addition, the way that the rocks on the Earth's surface are arranged and the way that they have been deformed over time also provide evidence for the movement of plates.
There are three main types of plate boundaries: convergent boundaries, where two plates are moving toward each other; divergent boundaries, where two plates are moving away from each other; and transform boundaries, where two plates are sliding past each other.
At a convergent boundary, one plate will usually be pushed beneath the other, a process known as subduction. This can lead to the creation of mountain ranges, as well as the formation of volcanoes.
At a divergent boundary, the plates are moving away from each other, which can create gaps in the Earth's crust. This can result in the formation of new crust, as well as the creation of features such as rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges.
At a transform boundary, the plates are moving past each other, which can cause earthquakes and the formation of faults. This type of boundary is often associated with the creation of strike-slip faults, where the ground on either side of the fault is moving in opposite directions.
Overall, the theory of plate tectonics helps us to understand how the Earth's surface has changed over time and how landforms are created. The movement of the plates is a slow process, but it is ultimately responsible for the shaping of Earth's surface and the creation of the landforms that we see today.
Explanation:
consider simple diffusion (sd), facilitated diffusion (fd) and active transport (at) across a membrane. which process requires a concentration gradient of the transported molecule%?)
Considering simple diffusion FD and AT process requires a concentration gradient of the transported molecule%
Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of solutes through delivery proteins in the plasma membrane. Facilitated diffusion is a kind of passive delivery.
Even though facilitated diffusion involves delivery proteins, it's far still passive transport because the solute is transferring down the concentration gradient.
In facilitated delivery, membrane proteins assist the diffusion of materials thru the cellular membrane. The protein binds the molecule being transported at the floor of the membrane, then passes it to indoors proteins that usually shape a channel or pore in the membrane.
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Which component of a phospholipid is found on the exterior of a lipid bilayer?
hydrophobic fatty acid tails and hydrophillic head group
crispr is a(n) ... a. inactive viral rna. b. bacterial gene. c. bacterial enzyme. d. bacterial immune system. e. cascade protein.
CRISPR is a bacterial immune system.
The immune system protects your toddler's frame from outside invaders. those consist of germs including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and pollutants (chemicals made by means of microbes). The immune machine is made up of various organs, cells, and proteins that work together.
People have three styles of immunity — innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate immunity: everybody is born with innate (or herbal) immunity, a type of preferred protection. For instance, the pores and skin act as a barrier to block germs from coming into the frame.
Infections like the flu virus, mono (mononucleosis), and measles can weaken the immune device for a quick time. Your immune system also can be weakened through smoking, alcohol, and negative nutrients.
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Polymers are made of small units called
the answer is monomers
Answer: Monomers
Explanation: Can I have brainliest?
11 of 52
Prokaryotes contain no
Answer:Prokaryotes contain no
Explain why the potential energy increases when ice starts to melt and becomes liquid water.
Enter your answer in the space below.
swer inside this box
Answer:
Explanation:
While the ice melts kinetic energy is being added to the particles. This breaks the bond and causes a change of state making the solid become a liquid.
Select the correct answer from each drop down menu.
Specialized cells such as white blood cells interact with foreign particles in the body. A particular cell belonging to the category recognizes bacteria and forms a covering around it, pinching off the vacuole. The cell then performs 1.______ . The foreign particles recognized by the particular type of cells differ from one’s recognized by another type of white blood cell. The situation indicates that the receptors are 2._______.
Options 1. Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Diffusion
Option 2. The same for all the cells, specific for the cells, never present on cells
Endocytosis and Receptors are particular to the cells are the right selections .The immune system's white blood cells have specific functions.
Why do white blood cells in the immune system have certain roles to play?The immune system's white blood cells have specific functions. They are essential in keeping the body safe from outside threats like bacteria. This is accomplished by them recognizing the bacteria and forming a coating around it that pinches off the vacuole. This results in a process known as endocytosis being carried out by the cell ( specifically phogocytosis).White blood cells have very unique receptors that they can bind to. As a result, they can distinguish between different foreign substances. For instance, B-cells create antibodies that attach to particular antigens (foreign proteins) and so trigger a particular immune response. To put it another way, a certain type of white blood cell may distinguish a certain foreign substance. This shows that these cells have specialized receptors.To learn more about White blood cells refer to:
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A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring is known as a?
Answer: It is known as a species.
Explanation:
NEEED IT RIGHT NOW 9. A species of bat is able to hunt without using its eyesight, but it can still see. What does this
unique evolutionary variation indicate about this species of bat?
a) Sight is an unfavorable trait in this species of bat.
b) Sight is a non-inheritable trait (not inherited from parents).
Since the species of bat is able to hunt without using its eyesight, but it can still see. The unique evolutionary variation indicate about this species of bat is option c) Sight is not necessary for hunting in this species of bat's environment.
What is the bat species about?The fact that this species of bat is able to hunt without using its eyesight suggests that sight is not necessary for hunting in this bat's environment. This could be because the bat has developed other senses, such as echolocation, that allow it to effectively locate and capture prey.
This unique evolutionary variation could have arisen as a result of natural selection, where individuals with enhanced senses other than sight were more successful at hunting and thus more likely to survive and reproduce. Hence option C is correct.
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See full question below
a) Sight is an unfavorable trait in this species of bat.
b) Sight is a non-inheritable trait (not inherited from parents).
c) Sight is not necessary for hunting in this species of bat's environment.
if you are considered prehypertensive, what are some steps you can take to lower your blood pressure?
Answer:
67%
Explanation:
you are trying to identify an organism. this organism contains no muscle tissue. it is not diploblastic. it must be a
You are trying to identify an organism. It is an animal, but it does not have nerve or muscle tissue. It is neither diploblastic nor triploblastic. It is probably a sponge.
Ectoderm and endoderm are the two principal germ layers in a blastula that has diploblasty. Cnidaria and ctenophora are examples of diploblastic species, which arise from such blastulae and were once included in the phylum Coelenterata but were later split off due to greater understanding of their differences.
They can grow genuine tissue because of the endoderm. The gut tissue and related glands are included in this. On the other hand, the ectoderm develops into the epidermis, the nervous system, and, if any nephridia are present.
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if cooking a beef roast with significant amounts of collagen, how can the meat be most effectively tenderized? a.mechanically tenderize meat or cut the collagen from the meat b.use a moist-heat cooking method to change the collagen to gelatin c.slice thinly across the grain of the meat d.roast to rare or medium rare
Option B - Whenever roasting beef that contains a lot of collagen, To make gelatin, cook the collagen using a wet heat method.
At 160/70, collagen begins to break down into gelatin. The meat becomes dryer, but at 160F the collagen-containing connective tissues start to turn into gelatin. Muscle fibers that had been tightly bound start to easily stretch apart over time. The flesh appears more tender because of the succulence that the gelatins produce, despite the fact that the fibers are still very stiff and dry.
Therefore, we want our meat to be cooked tenderly so that the rough collagen is transformed into gelatin while minimizing moisture loss. The fact that these techniques conflict with one another is what makes cooking meat difficult or problematic. However, temperatures must be lower than 130F in order to avoid moisture loss. It takes longer and higher temperatures to transform collagen into gelatin.
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A hydrophilic peptide hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. The hormone targets specific cells in many parts of the body. Which of the following best explains a possible mechanism that would enable the hormone to efficiently reach all of the target cells in the body? * (1 Point) The hormone moves through cytoplasmic connections between cells until it has reached all cells with the correct intracellular binding sites. The hormone interacts with the nerves at the base of the brain and directs signals to the target cells through the nervous system. The hormone is released into the bloodstream where it can be transported to all cells with the correct receptors. The hormone diffuses into target cells adjacent to the anterior pituitary gland where the hormone is degraded. Describe 1 method/way in which you can make a fruit ripen quicker (think of the video on ripening experiment) * (2 points) Enter your answer
The possible mechanism that would enable the hormone to efficiently reach all of the target cells in the body will be: The hormone is released into the bloodstream where it can be transported to all cells with the correct receptors.
Hormones are called as the chemical messengers. They are termed messengers because they travel to their site of action and initiate the function they are responsible for. Hormones regulate various functions of the body.
Receptors are the protein compounds that function to accept a molecule called ligand (specific to them) and begin the process of signaling in order to accomplish the function they are supposed to perform.
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at the end of which week of the ovarian cycle should implantation occur (assuming there is an embryo)?
Answer:
first week
Explanation:
it takes 2 to 3 days tk get embryo
when using the microscope for an intravaginal infection you see something translucent and colorless, what do you suspect?
When using the microscope for an intravaginal infection, you might sometimes spot a translucent and colorless substance, called hyphae.
Garden hose-like hyphae are protracted tubular formations. They feature solid cell walls that might perhaps be strengthened by septa, which are perforated cross-walls (singular: septum). In fungi, hyphae help in a number of processes. They include the nuclei that contain the genetic material as well as the cytoplasm, or cell sap.
Hyphae carry nutrients from the environment to different areas of the thallus (fungus body). In the end, they could unite or undergo modifications to create more intricate structures. Only a very tiny percentage of yeasts do not generate hyphae, but the bulk of fungi do.
As in the case of the right-hand fungus, which appears to be bleaching and dissolving its way across the surface, some fungi spend their whole lives as isolated hyphae feasting on a local source of sustenance.
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the categories of skeletal muscle based on the type of metabolic pathway used for synthesis of atp are . multiple select question. glycolytic synaptic kinetic ionic oxidative
One molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate by the cytosolic process known as glycolysis, which also results in the net generation of two molecules each of ATP and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
To refuel ATP in muscle, three energy mechanisms work: phosphoglycation, glycolysis, and mitochondrial respiration. While glycolysis and the mitochondria are in charge of cellular ATP synthesis, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is the main regulator of calcium storage, release, and reuptake in skeletal muscle. Due to their high energy needs, skeletal muscle cells have many mitochondria that enable them to produce enough ATP. The process by which cells produce ATP by dissolving the organic materials in food is known as cellular respiration. Muscle cells have the capacity to make ATP either by aerobic respiration, also known as breathing with oxygen, or through anaerobic respiration, also known as fermentation or anaerobic glycolysis.
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sexual selection in a population choose one: a. can lead to physical differences between the males and females of a species. b. does not lead to evolution. c. reduces genetic variation in the population. d. always favors individuals with a higher survival potential.
The right response is option a, which states that morphological distinctions between males and females of a species can result from sexual selection in a population.
The tail of a peacock is a good illustration of partner selection. Peahens choose peacocks with huge, vibrant tails, which allows those peacocks to mate more frequently and produce younger ones. The genes for a long, colourful tail will be passed down from the father to the male peachicks, who will inherit these genes and develop comparable tails. There are two main factors that influence sexual selection. One is the preference of one sex (typically females) for members of the opposite sex who display particular features. The other is higher strength, which (often in males) results in better success in courting females.
So, we can conclude that option a, which claims that sexual selection can lead to physical differences between males and females of a species in a population, is the appropriate response.
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according to Mook, which of the following is necessary when a researcher wants to apply his or her findings directly to a population?
According to Mook random sampling is necessary when a researcher wants to apply his or her findings directly to a population.
What is random sampling?Each sample has an equal chance of being picked as part of the sampling procedure known as random sampling. A randomly selected sample is intended to provide a fair reflection of the entire population.Random sampling makes sure that the findings you get from your sample should be close to what you would have gotten if you measured the complete population. All the units in the population have an identical probability of being chosen using the simplest random sample.There are five different kinds of sampling: convenience, cluster, random, systematic, and stratified. It is comparable to picking some names from a hat after placing everyone's names in it. In the population, each component has an equal probability of appearing.To learn more about random sampling refer to:
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Which explains the role of a gene
The role of a gene is to transmit as physical and functional units the inheritance characters from one generation to the next.
What is a gene sequence?A gene sequence is a given fragment of a single strand of the DNA molecule which contains a specific linear order of nucleotides that is used to synthesize a cognate RNA molecule such as a messenger RNA or mRNA, a sequence that then serves as a template in order to generate a protein by a process called translation.
The genes are considered the physical and functional unit of inheritance because it contains the information to transmit a particular phenotypic character.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a gene sequence is a given fragment of DNA that may serve to create a protein in the individual and it serves to transmit phenotypic features from parents to offspring.
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what are lymphatic nodules? multiple choice regions of bone marrow that produce lymphocytes encapsulated lymphatic organs compact masses of lymphatic tissue
The lymphatic nodules are compact masses of lymphatic tissue.
Small bean-shaped structures known as lymph nodes are typically less than 2.5 cm long. Throughout the body, they are widely dispersed along the lymphatic routes where they filter the lymph before it is returned to the blood. In the central nervous system, there are no lymph nodes. Lymph nodes often collect in three superficial areas on either side of the body. The inguinal nodes in the groyne, axillary nodes in the armpit, and cervical nodes in the neck are these regions.
A connective tissue capsule surrounds the normal lymph node, which is split into lymph nodules. The lymph nodules are surrounded by lymph sinuses, which are dense collections of lymphocytes and macrophages.
Hence, node are the reservoir of the lymph and immune cell.
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the process green plants use to turn water and carbon dioxide into food using energy from sunlight.
Answer: photosynthesis
Name a product of cellular respiration that is used as a reactant in photosynthesis? (SC.912.L.18.9)
02
O ATP
Glucose
CO 2
Carbon dioxide is a product of cellular respiration that is used as a reactant in photosynthesis (option 4).
What are the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?Photosynthesis is a metabolic pathway that plants and algae use to generate simple carbs such as glucose by using reactant carbon dioxide, water, and also sunlight.
Conversely, cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic cells in order to generate ATP, which is considered the energy coin of the cells. In cellular respiration, the reactants include foods such as glucose molecules and oxygen, while the products of this pathway include carbon dioxide and also the generation of ATP.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are different in terms of reactants and products and both metabolic pathways may be considered complementary in terms of the generation and use of substrates.
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2.01 LC)
The following picture shows the three primary types of plate boundaries. Which boundary is being shown in label D? Oconvergent boundary zone ODivergent boundary zone Oplate boundary zone Otransform boundary zone
The type of plate boundary which is shown in label D in the picture is convergent boundary.
What is convergent boundary and what are its features?Two plates travelling in the opposite directions clash at a convergent boundary. The less dense plate, usually the continental plate, is subducted beneath the denser plate, which is often the oceanic plate. The plates often stretch downward at the boundary as a result of the tremendous stress from the subduction, leading to the formation of an oceanic trench.
Volcanic arcs, which are chains of volcanoes, are a typical feature of convergent boundaries. These are created by the fractures that occur at the border brought on by the stress between the two plates. The melting of the subducted plate causes the magma to rise through the fractures as it descends into the mantle. A volcanic mountain is formed at the surface by the magma. There will grow a number of mountains (a mountain chain) as a result of the boundary's multiple cracks.
In the given picture, at label D, features like trench and subducting plate signify the convergent boundary.
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in a population founded from two manx cats, why does the dominant allele not just disappear after 100 generations of selection?
The dominant allele is safeguarded in the heterozygote component of the Manx cat population because selection only affects homozygous dominant animals.
What distinguishes homozygous from heterozygous genetic makeup?
Each gene has two alleles, or variations, in each of us. When two identical copies of a gene are present, you are said to be homozygous for that gene. It contrasts with a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles are distinct. Everyone who possesses a recessive trait, such as red hair or blue eyes, is homozygous for that gene.What is a homozygous example?
illustrative sentences using homozygous and heterozygous terms
You are homozygous for blonde hair if you have two copies of the allele. You are heterozygous for hair color if you have one copy of the gene for blonde hair and one copy of the allele for brown hair.
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Organic compounds ____. A. Cannot be made in the laboratory c. All contain hydrogen b. Occur in living organisms d. All contain amino acids.
B. occur in living organisms. The first organic substance to be synthesized in a lab was urea, which was created accidentally.
What components make up the four organic compounds?Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides are organic molecules are necessary for human body function. Because they have both carbon and hydrogen, these substances are referred to as organic.
Can hydrogen not be present in organic compounds?This indicates that the presence of carbon and hydrogen atoms is a property shared by all organic molecules. organic molecules may also contain other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
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homo habilis displays a great deal of variability some scientists think that larger homo habilis fossils with wider faces and bigger teeth should be classified in their own species called
This cranium has a wider, flatter face, a larger brain, and larger teeth than other Homo habilis fossils, prompting some scientists to name it Homo rudolfensis.
The word habilis is based on a Latin word meaning 'handy' or 'skilful'. This species is known as "handy man" because stone tools were discovered near its fossil remains, and it is assumed that this species developed the ability to shape stone into tools. The following year, parts of a boy's skeleton were discovered at the site, and additional fossils from other people were discovered. Their brain size, hand and foot features, and evidence that they may have used stone tools all suggested that a new type of human ancestor had been discovered.
Their brain size, hand and foot features, and evidence that they may have utilised stone tools all suggested that a new type of human ancestor had been discovered. They were officially recognised as new species in 1964, but their inclusion in the human genus Homo was contentious. Additional fossils, including the 1986 discovery of a partial skeleton, revealed that this species was more ape-like than previously thought.
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Why do so many eukaryotic pathogens cause highly refractory and long-term chronic infections that are difficult to treat in contrast with prokaryotic pathogens?
Globally, eukaryotic microbial pathogens play a significant role in disease and mortality.
Pharmacological resistance has challenged these therapeutic efforts, despite the fact that a large portion of their impact can be reduced by drug therapy, similar to how it is done with prokaryotic germs. Here, we talk about the difficulties brought on by eukaryotic microbial pathogens and how they compare to or diverge from the difficulties brought on by prokaryotic antibiotic resistance.
The treatments employed for a number of significant eukaryotic bacteria are then outlined in detail, along with the mechanisms that have developed to counteract these treatments.
There are significant hazards to global health, which are especially apparent in developing countries, due to the rapid emergence of resistance and the constrained pipeline of new medication therapies.
However, we go into detail on how combining modern technology with biological knowledge, epidemiology, and evolutionary research might help maintain current treatments, foresee the establishment of resistance, or enhance the application of new treatments.
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s this a valid statement? if flipper is a dolphin, then flipper is a mammal. flipper is a dolphin. so flipper is a mammal.
The type of escherichia coli that produces a verotoxin similar to the one produced by shigella dysenteriae is ________ e. coli.
