Answer: offensive
Explanation:
Offensive goals are the goals that maximize sales revenue, increase long term growth and profit, improve market position and take advantage of economics of scale.
Since the chief goals included maximizing total sales revenue and the improvement of the overall market position of the firm, then these goals are categorized as offensive goals.
Your firm uses half debt and half equity. The shareholders need to earn 20%. The firm can borrow at 5%. The risk free rate is 2%. The tax rate is 40%. Find the weighted average cost of capital.
Answer:
11.5%
Explanation:
WACC = weight of equity x cost of equity + weight of debt x cost of debt x (1 - tax rate)
Situation 1: There is a Head of Human Resource (HR) in a recognized Multinational National Company (MNC). You are a marketing executive in that company. You have made a communication with the HR regarding an emergency short time leave in a Critical moment of the Company’s turnover.
In this case how you will communicate with him and convince him to provide you a short-term leave. The things to be aware of.
1. HR is a rudy person.
2. He isn't very familiar with you.
3. Company is now at a Critical Moment and there is a lot of turnovers.
4. HR is about the age of 45+
And also provide an alternative answer if the situation gets negative over you.
Ans.
Answer:
As a marketing executive of the company looking to beg an emergency leave from a HR person who is considered to be rudy, unfamiliar with me, 45+ age and also that the company is experiencing a lot of turnovers, the best way to approach the HR would be to:
1. Write an official letter to him making the intentions clear.
2. Politely ask him to consider your request even though you two are not very familiar with each other.
3. Stress the importance of the emergency and why you have to leave.
Fern, Inc., Ivy, Inc., and Jeremy formed a general partnership. Fern owns a 50% interest, and Ivy and Jeremy both own 25% interests. Fern, Inc. files its tax return on an October 31 year-end; Ivy, Inc., files with a May 31 year-end, and Jeremy is a calendar year taxpayer. Which of the following statements is true regarding the taxable year the partnership can choose?
A) The partnership must choose the calendar year because it has no principal partners.
B) The partnership must choose an October year-end because Fern, Inc., is a principal partner.
C) The partnership can request permission from the IRS to use a January 31 fiscal year under § 444.
D) The partnership must use the "least aggregate deferral" method to determine its "required" taxable year.
E) None of the above items are true.
Answer: D) The partnership must use the "least aggregate deferral" method to determine its "required" taxable year.
Explanation:
The Least Aggregate Deferral rule is used when neither of the partners can enforce their taxable year on the others because there is no dominant partner as is the case here because no shareholder has more than 50% ownership and the tax years of the partners are not aligned.
The partnership will have to use the "Least Aggregate Deferral" method when the above happens which is based on the percentage of profits for each partner.
XYZ Corporation produces and sells 10,000 units of Product X each month. The selling price is $40 per unit, and variable expenses are $32 per unit. A study has been made concerning whether Product X should be discontinued. The study shows that $70,000 of the $120,000 in monthly fixed expenses charged to Product X would not be avoidable even if the product was discontinued. If Product X is discontinued, the annual financial advantage (disadvantage) for the company of eliminating this product should be: Group of answer choices
Answer:
If the company discontinues Product X, income will decrease by $30,000.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Sales= 10,000*40= $400,000
Total variable expense= 32*10,000= 320,000
Avoidable fixed costs= $50,0000
To calculate the effect on the income of discontinuing Product X, we need to use the following formula:
Effect on income= avoidable fixed cost - total contribution margin
Effect on income= 50,000 - (400,000 - 320,000)
Effect on income= $30,000 decrease
If the company discontinues Product X, income will decrease by $30,000.
Lil Uzi Vert or Gunna?
Answer:
Lil uzi
Explanation:
On June 10, Pais Company purchased $9,000 of merchandise from MacGyver Company, on account, terms 3/10, n/30. Pais pays the freight costs of $400 on June 11. Goods totaling $600 are returned to MacGyver for credit on June 12. On June 19, Pais Company pays McGiver Company in full, less the purchase discount. Both companies use a perpetual inventory system. Journalize perpetual inventory entries. Instructions a. Prepare separate entries for each transaction on the books of Pais Company. b. Prepare separate entries for each transaction for MacGyver Company. The merchandise purchased by Pais on June 10 cost MacGyver $5,000, and the goods returned cost McGiver $310.
Solution :
Pais Company
June 10 Inventory 9000
Accounts payable 9000
June 11 Inventory 400
Cash 400
No entry 0
June 12 Accounts payable 600
Inventory 600
June 19 Accounts payable 8400
Inventory 252 = 8400 x 3%
Cash 8148
McGiver Company
June 10 Accounts Receivable 9000
Sales revenue 9000
Cost of goods sold 5000
Inventory 5000
June 12 Sales return and allowances 600
Accounts receivable 600
Inventory 310
Cost of goods 310
June 19 Cash 8148
Sales discount 252 =8400 x 3%
Account receivable 8400
(Advanced analysis) Answer the question on the basis of the following information for a mixed open economy. The letters Y, Ca, Ig, Xn, G, and T stand for GDP, consumption, gross investment, net exports, government purchases, and net taxes respectively. Figures are in billions of dollars. Refer to the information. If government desired to raise the equilibrium GDP to $650, it could:
Answer:
The correct option is c. raise G by $30 or reduce T by $40.
Explanation:
Note: This question is not complete. The complete question is therefore provided before answering the question as follows:
(Advanced analysis) Answer the question on the basis of the following information for a mixed open economy. The letters Y, Ca, Ig, Xn, G, and T stand for GDP, consumption, gross investment, net exports, government purchases, and net taxes respectively. Figures are in billions of dollars.
Ca = 25 + 0.75(Y - T)
Ig = Ig0 = 50
Xn = Xn0 = 10
G = G0 = 70
T = T0 = 30
Refer to the information. If government desired to raise the equilibrium GDP to $650, it could:
a. raise G by $45 or reduce T by $10.
b. raise G by $40 and reduce T by $30.
c. raise G by $30 or reduce T by $40.
d. raise both and T by $40.
e. reduce G by $30 and increase T by $40.
The explanation of the answer is now provided as follows:
Equilibrium GDP (Y) can be obtained as follows:
Y = C + G + I + Xn …………………….. (1)
Substituting all the values in the question into equation (1) and solve for Y, we have:
Y = 25 + 0.75(Y - 30) + 70 + 50 + 10
Y = 0.75Y - 22.50 + 155
Y – 0.75Y = 132.50
0.25Y = 132.50
Y = 132.50 / 0.25
Y = 530
Therefore, we have:
Y = Current equilibrium GDP = $530
Amount of increase in equilibrium GDP required = Desired equilibrium GDP – Current equilibrium GDP = 650 - 530 = 120
From the question, we have:
Ca = 25 + 0.75(Y - T) ………………. (2)
The 0.75 in equation (2) is the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). Therefore, we have:
MPC = 0.75
Expenditure multiplier = 1 / (1 - 0.75) = 4
Tax multiplier = - MPC / (1 – MPC) = -0.75 / (1 – 0.75) = -3
Amount of increase in G or government expenditure required = Amount of increase in equilibrium GDP required / Expenditure multiplier = 120 / 4 = $30
Amount of tax cut or decrease in T required = Amount of increase in equilibrium GDP required / Tax multiplier = 120 / (-3) = -$40
Therefore, correct option is c. raise G by $30 or reduce T by $40.
Suppose the black market shrinks because firms shift to the formal sector, but production remains the same. GDP
Answer: will increase but this will not affect living standards
Explanation:
GDP is sometimes called an incomplete measure because there are certain measures that it does not include such as the black market.
If firms in the black market shift to the formal sector, they will now be included in GDP which means that GDP will increase.
The living standards of people in the country will probably not change however because the firms involved were simply shifting sectors and are not said to be more or less prosperous as a result. Assuming they remained the same, nothing changes for living standards.
MC Qu. 114 Lowden Company has an overhead application... Lowden Company has an overhead application rate of 155% and allocates overhead based on direct material cost. During the current period, direct labor cost is $60,000 and direct materials used cost $90,000. Determine the amount of overhead Lowden Company should record in the current period.
Answer:
the overhead amount recorded is $139,500
Explanation:
The computation of the overhead amount recorded is shown below:
= Overhead application rate × direct material cost
= 155% × $90,000
= $139,500
Hence, the overhead amount recorded is $139,500
We simply applied the above formula so that the correct value could come
What is the value of Company X stock if the dividend next year will be $3 and is expected to grow at a rate of 4% forever if your required return is 10.74%
Answer:
PV= $44.51
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Dividen 1= $3
Discount rate= 10.74% = 0.1074
Growth rate= 4% = 0.04
To calculate the price of the stock today, we need to use the following formula:
PV= D1 / (i - g)
PV= 3 / (0.1074 - 0.04)
PV= 3 / 0.0674
PV= $44.51
Microhard has issued a bond with the following
Par
Time to maturity
Coupon rate
Semiannual payments
Hãy chỉ rõ điểm giống nhau và khác nhau về vấn đề sau đây: Giá trị, giá thành, giá trị cá biệt, giá trị xã hội, giá cả thị trường
University Car Wash built a deluxe car wash across the street from campus. The new machines cost $270,000 including installation. The company estimates that the equipment will have a residual value of $24,000. University Car Wash also estimates it will use the machine for six years or about 12,000 total hours. Actual use per year was as follows: Year Hours Used 1 3,100 2 1,100 3 1,200 4 2,800 5 2,600 6 1,200 2. Prepare a depreciation schedule for six years using the double-declining-balance method.
Answer:
Year Depreciation expenses
1 $90,000
2 $60,000
3 $40,000
4 $26,667
5 $17,778
6 $11,556
Explanation:
Note: See the attached excel file for the depreciation schedule for six years using the double-declining-balance method.
The double-declining-balance method is a depreciation approach in which the rate of depreciation for an asset is twice the rate of depreciation for the straight line method.
In the attached excel, the double-declining-balance depreciation rate is therefore calculated as follows:
Straight line depreciation rate = 1 / Number of expected useful years = 1 / 6 = 0.166666666666667 = 16.6666666666667%
Double-declining depreciation rate = Straight line depreciation rate * 2 = 16.6666666666667% *2 = 33.3333333333334%
Also note the following in the attached excel file:
Beginning depreciable amount in Year 1 = Cost of the new machine = $270,000
The depreciation expenses for Year 6 is calculated by deducting the residual value of $24,000 from Year 6 Beginning depreciable amount. That is:
Depreciation expenses for Year 6 = $35,556 - $24,000 = $11,556
The residual value of $24,000 therefore represents the book value at the end of Year 6.
From the attached excel file, we therefore have:
Year Depreciation expenses
1 $90,000
2 $60,000
3 $40,000
4 $26,667
5 $17,778
6 $11,556
You invested $5,000 in the stock market one year ago. Today, the investment is valued at $5,500. What return did you earn? What return would you suffer next year for your investment to be valued at the original $5,000?A. 10%, -9.09%, respectivelyB. -10%, +9.09%, respectivelyC. 110%, -10%, respectivelyD. 110%, -9.09%, respectively
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Rate of return in one period = (value in year 1 / initial value) - 1
(5500 / 5000) - 1 = 0.1 = 10%
(5000 / 5500) - 1 = -9.09%
Calculate the activity rate per grooming order. $fill in the blank 1 per grooming order 2. Calculate, in terms of grooming orders, the: a. Total activity availability fill in the blank 2 grooming orders b. Unused capacity fill in the blank 3 grooming orders 3. Calculate the dollar cost of: a. Total activity availability $fill in the blank 4 b. Unused capacity
Solution :
1. calculate the activity rate per grooming order
Activity rate Amount paid to agent
Number of grooming order
28,000
4,000
Therefore, the activity rate = 7 per grooming order
2. Calculating, in terms of grooming order, the :
a. Total activity availability
Number of grooming orders (A) = 4,000
Number of agents (B) 5
Total activity availability (A x B) 20,000
b). Total activity availability 20,000
Less: Orders actually processed (17,800)
Unused capacity 2,200
3. calculating the dollar cost of :
a). Amount paid to the agent (A 28,000
Number of agents (B) 5
Total activity availability in dollars (AxB) 140,000
b). Unused capacity (A) 2,200
Activity rate (B) 7
Unused capacity in dollars (AxB) 15,400
MacKenzie Company sold $400 of merchandise to a customer who used a Regional Bank credit card. Regional Bank deducts a 2.0% service charge for sales on its credit cards and credits MacKenzie's account immediately when sales are made. The journal entry to record this sale transaction would be:
Answer:
Date Account Title Debit Credit
XX-XX-XXXX Cash $392
Credit card service charge $ 8
Sales $400
Working
Cash :
= 400 * (1 - 2% service charge)
= $392
Credit card service charge:
= 400 * 2%
= $8
You have contracted to buy a house for $300,000, paying $50,000 as a down payment and taking a fully amortizing mortgage for the balance at a 5.5% annual interest rate for 30 years. What will your monthly payment (covering principal and interest) be if you make monthly installments over the next 30 years (round to the nearest dollar)
Answer:
The monthly payment (covering principal and interest) to be over the next 30 years is:
= $1,419.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Home Price $300,000
Down Payment 16.666667 % ($50,000/$300,000 * 100)
Loan Term 30 years
Interest Rate 5.5%
Results:
Monthly Pay: $1,419.47
House Price $300,000.00
Down Payment $50,000.00
Loan Amount $250,000.00
Total of 360 Mortgage Payments $511,010.10
Total Interest $261,010.10
A newscaster earns $26600 and wants to invest 10% of his/her monthly salary to save for retirement in 28 years. if he/she invests this money at 4.2% compounded monthly, how much money will he/she have at retirement?
a) How much will be saved each year?
b) What will be the monthly deposit?
c) What will be the amount in the account after 28 years?
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Annual salary= $26,600
Number of periods= 28*12= 336
Interest rate= 0.042/12= 0.0035
First, we need to calculate the annual savings:
Annual saving= 26,600*0.1= $2,660
Now, the monthly deposit:
Monthly deposit= 2,660/12= $221.67
Finally, the future value of the investment:
FV= {A*[(1+i)^n-1]}/i
A= monthly deposit
FV= {221.67*[(1.0035^336) - 1]} / 0.0035
FV= $141,535.3
The manager of a crew that installs carpeting has tracked the crew’s output over the past several
weeks, obtaining these figures:
Week Crew Size Yards Installed
1 4 96
2 3 72
3 4 92
4 2 50
5 3 69
6 2 52
Compute the labor productivity for each of the weeks. On the basis of your calculations, what can
you conclude about crew size and productivity?
Record the journal entry for Sales and for Cash Over and Short for each of the following separate situations.a. The cash registerâs record shows $420 of cash sales, but the count of cash in the register is $430.b. The cash registerâs record shows $980 of cash sales, but the count of cash in the register is $972.
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entry is shown below:
Cash $430
To Sales revenue $420
To Cash over and short $10
(Being cash is recorded)
Here cash is debited as it increased the assets and credited the sales as it also increased the revenue
Cash $972
Cash over and short $8
To Sales revenue $980
(being cash is recorded)
Here cash is debited as it increased the assets and credited the sales as it also increased the revenue
If the demand for a product was 16, 28, 20 and 24 units in four consecutive months, and the corresponding forecasts in those four months were 20, 16, 20 and 30 units respectively, what is the MAD at the end of four months
Answer:
5.5 units
Explanation:
Period Actual Forecast Absolute deviation
1 16 20 4
2 28 16 12
3 20 20 0
4 24 30 6
Total 22
Mean absolute deviation(MAD) = Sum of absolute deviation / Number of periods
Mean absolute deviation(MAD) = 22 / 4
Mean absolute deviation(MAD) = 5.5 units
Which of the following describes the tax advantage of a qualified retirement plan
Answer:
Qualified retirement plans give employers a tax break for the contributions they make for their employees. Those plans that allow employees to defer a portion of their salaries into the plan can also reduce employees' present income-tax liability by reducing taxable income.
Provides a way to accumulate substantial retirement income.
Those are some reasons, hope they helped!!
Explanation:
Harris Fabrics computes its plantwide predetermined overhead rate annually on the basis of direct labor-hours. At the beginning of the year, it estimated that 32,000 direct labor-hours would be required for the period’s estimated level of production. The company also estimated $557,000 of fixed manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period and variable manufacturing overhead of $2.00 per direct labor-hour. Harris’s actual manufacturing overhead cost for the year was $679,453 and its actual total direct labor was 32,500 hours.
Required:
Compute the company’s plantwide predetermined overhead rate for the year.
Answer:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $19.41 per direct labor hour
Explanation:
To calculate the predetermined manufacturing overhead rate we need to use the following formula:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= (557,000 / 32,000) + 2
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $19.41 per direct labor hour
Redbud Company uses a certain part in its manufacturing process that it buys from an outside supplier for $44 per part plus another $6 for shipping and other purchasing-related costs. The company will need 10,000 of these parts in the next year and is considering making the part internally. After performing a capacity analysis, Redbud determined that it has sufficient unused capacity to manufacture the 10,000 parts but would need to hire a manager at an annual salary of $40,000 to oversee this production activity. Estimated production costs are determined to be:
Direct material $ 28
Direct labor 12
Variable overhead 6
Fixed overhead (includes manager at $4 per unit) 10
Total unit cost $ 56
A) Identify the relevant costs to make this part internally. (Select all that apply)
A) Historical cost
B) Direct labor
C) Direct material
D) Variable overhead
E) Fixed overhead
F) New manager's salary
B) Should Redbud produce the part or continue to buy it from the outside supplier? (Select the right answer)
A) Redbud should produce the part.
B) Redbud is indifferent about the decision.
C) Redbud should continue to buy it from the outside supplier.
C.What are the other factors that Redbud Company should consider in deciding to make the part internally? (Select all that apply.)
A) Total sales quantity.
B) The potential for improved control over the availability of the parts by having it when needed and the potential for improved quality of the parts.
C) Since Redbud Company is considering the use of currently available capacity, it should evaluate any relevant opportunity costs of using this capacity for more profitable activities.
Answer:
Redbud Company
A) Relevant costs:
B) Direct labor
C) Direct material
D) Variable overhead
F) New manager's salary
B) B) Redbud is indifferent about the decision.
C. Other factors to consider:
B) The potential for improved control over the availability of the parts by having it when needed and the potential for improved quality of the parts.
C) Since Redbud Company is considering the use of currently available capacity, it should evaluate any relevant opportunity costs of using this capacity for more profitable activities.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Cost of buying parts from outside supplier = $50 per part
Units required in the next year = 10,000
Costs required to produce internally:
Supervisor's salaries $40,000
Direct material $ 28
Direct labor 12
Variable overhead 6
Fixed overhead (includes
manager at $4 per unit) 10
Total unit cost $ 56
Relevant costs:
Direct material $ 28
Direct labor 12
Variable overhead 6
Fixed overhead (includes
manager at $4 per unit) 4
Total unit cost $50
Volga Co. included a foreign subsidiary in its Year 6 consolidated financial statements. The subsidiary was acquired in Year 4 and was excluded from previous consolidations. The change was caused by the elimination of foreign currency controls. Including the subsidiary in the Year 6 consolidated financial statements results in an accounting change that should be reported:________.
Answer:
By retrospective application to the financial statements of all prior periods presented.
Explanation:
From the question we are informed about Volga Co. who included a foreign subsidiary in its Year 6 consolidated financial statements. The subsidiary was acquired in Year 4 and was excluded from previous consolidations. The change was caused by the elimination of foreign currency controls. Including the subsidiary in the Year 6 consolidated financial statements results in an accounting change that should be reported By retrospective application to the financial statements of all prior periods presented.
Consolidated financial statements can be regarded as financial statements of a particular group whereby equity, assets as well as liabilities and cash flows and expenses of the parent company as well as its subsidiaries are been presented in a way of single economic entity. In others words Consolidated financial statements can as well be regarded as financial statements of an organization having multiple divisions or multiple subsidiaries. Some firms often use the consolidated as regards financial statement reporting to describe aggregated reporting of business collectively.
When a company assigns the costs of direct materials, direct labor, and both variable and fixed manufacturing overhead to products that company is using
Answer: Absorption costing
Explanation:
Absorption costing believes that all costs that went into the production of a good or service should be absorbed by/ apportioned to those same goods and services regardless of if the costs are direct or indirect.
It works by first assigning the direct costs such as labor and material and then it apportions the indirect costs such as the variable and fixed manufacturing overhead costs. Absorption costing is the preferred costing method for presenting financial statements outside the company by both IFRS and U.S. GAAP.
Bonita Industries constructed a building at a cost of $14400000. Weighted-average accumulated expenditures were $5620000, actual interest was $566000, and avoidable interest was $272000. If the salvage value is $1120000, and the useful life is 40 years, depreciation expense for the first full year using the straight-line method is
Answer:
$338,800
Explanation:
Cost of the building = $14400000
Average accumulated expenditures = $5620000
Actual interest = $566000
Avoidable interest = $272000
Salvage value = $1120000
Useful life = 40 years
Depreciation expense for the first full year:
= ((Cost of the building + Avoidable interest) - Salvage value) / Useful life
= (($14400000 + $272000) - $1120000) / 40
= ($14672000 - $1120000) / 40
= $13552000 / 40
= $338,800
Piedmont Company segments its business into two regions - North and South.
The company prepared the contribution format segmented income statement shown below:
Total Company North South
Sales $800,000 $600,000 $200,000
Variable expenses 560,000 480,000 80,000
Contribution margin 240,000 120,000 120,000
Traceable fixed expenses 122,000 61,000 61,000
Segment margin $118,000 $59,000 $59,000
Common fixed expenses 52,000
Net operating income $66,000
Required:
1. Compute the company-wide break-even point in dollar sales.
2. Compute the break-even point in dollar sales for the North region.
3. Compute the break-even point in dollar sales for the South region.
Answer:
1. Company-wide break-even point in dollar sales:
Break even point in dollar sales = (Traceable fixed expenses + Common fixed expenses) / Contribution margin %
Contribution margin % = Contribution margin / Sales revenue * 100%
= 240,000 / 800,000 * 100%
= 30%
Break even point in dollar sales :
= (122,000 + 52,000) / 30%
= $580,000
2. Break-even point in dollar sales for the North region.
Break even point in dollar sales = Traceable fixed costs / Contribution margin %
Contribution margin % = Contribution margin / Sales revenue * 100%
= 120,000 / 600,000 * 100%
= 20%
Break even point in dollar sales :
= 61,000 / 20%
= $305,000
3. Break-even point in dollar sales for the South region.
Break even point in dollar sales = Traceable fixed costs / Contribution margin %
Contribution margin % = Contribution margin / Sales revenue * 100%
= 120,000 / 200,000 * 100%
= 60%
Break even point in dollar sales :
= 61,000 / 60%
= $101,666.67
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), the accounting rule book. In the following scenario, please indicate which GAAP rule is being violated and why. Follow up with comments about why you think the rule exits and is important.
Scenario: XYZ Inc. was in the process of preparing its financial statements. XYZ is hoping to get approved for a loan from the First National Big Bank. XYZ's sole shareholder Slick, notices that the cash listed on the balance sheet is $4,000. Slick suggests that the balance sheet should include his personal current cash balance of $100,000. Slick convinces the company accountant to change cash on XYZ's balance sheet to $104,000. After all, he would gladly put his personal cash in if needed.
Answer: Business Entity Concept
Explanation:
The Business entity concept posits that the owners of a business and the business itself, are different entities. This means that transactions involving the two are not to be mixed up but are to be recorded separately.
The reason this concept exists is to ensure that a business is analyzed and treated on its on merit and not that of its owner because the owner might be successful and the business isn't. The reverse is also true.
XYZ Inc violates this concept here by mixing the accounts of the owner and the business in order to influence a loan decision. This goes against accounting concepts and gave the company an incorrect valuation.
What does a MRTS = mean? It means that if the input on the horizontal axis is increased by one unit, then the input on the vertical axis ▼ increases decreases by units and output will ▼ increase decrease not change .
Answer:
MRTS means that if the input on the horizontal axis is increased by one unit, then the input on the vertical axis decreases by units and output will not change.
Explanation:
The marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS) can be described as the amount by which one input's quantity must be decreased when an additional unit of another input is used to keep output constant. MRST is also known as technical rate of substitution.
Therefore, MRTS means that if the input on the horizontal axis is increased by one unit, then the input on the vertical axis decreases by units and output will not change.
