Answer:
b). one agent secures benefits that others pay for.
Explanation:
The free-rider problem is described as the problem when some individuals consume or take the benefit of a resource without paying for it. in this problem, one agent is being benefitted from the resources that the others are paying for. This creates a load on a shared resource and eventually causes market failure. In order to cope with this problem, the organizations must ensure a fair distribution of resources and their benefits as per the payment made by the agents. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
The following per unit cost information is available: direct materials $36, direct labor $24, variable manufacturing overhead $18, fixed manufacturing overhead $40, variable selling and administrative expenses $14, and fixed selling and administrative expenses $28. Its desired ROI per unit is $30. Compute its markup percentage using a total-cost approach
Answer:
Mark−up percentage = 18.75%
Explanation:
Total manufacturing cost= Direct material + Direct labor + Variable overhead + Fixed overhead
= $36 + $24 + $18 + $40
= $118
Hence, the total manufacturing cost is $118.
Total selling cost = Fixed selling cost + Variable selling cost
Total selling cost = $28 + $14
Total selling cost = $42
Hence, the total selling cost is $42
Total cost = Total Manufacturing cost + Total selling cost
Total cost = $118 + $42
Total cost = $160
Mark−up percentage = ROI / Total cost * 100
Mark−up percentage = $30 / $160 * 100
Mark−up percentage = 0.1875 * 100
Mark−up percentage = 18.75%
You are interested in buying a piece of land overlooking the sea. You find a place atop a 50m high sea cliff. The lot is only about 30m wide but is 200m long parallel to the coast, so you think you are getting a large expanse of the coastline. What would be the most important thing to look for in considering this purchase
Answer:
The stability of the sea cliff, rock type, etc.
Explanation:
The most significant thing which must be considered is the stability of the sea cliff, rock type, etc. because it is given in the question that the place is at a top of 50 m high sea cliff. Therefore, the cliff must be stable and strong. Moreover, this is 200 m long parallel to the coast so there will not be any difficulty in the view. Thus, only stability is the primary concern that must be considered.
In a Cournot market with two firms, the inverse market demand curve is P = 20 – 0.5Q, where Q = q1 + q2. (Firm 1's output = q1; Firm 2's output = q2.) If Firm 2 produces 20 units of output, Firm 1's residual marginal revenue curve is depicted in:
Answer:
MR = 10 – 1q1.
Explanation:
Demand function, P = 20 – 0.5Q
Q = q1 + q2
Now insert Q in the P = 20 – 0.5Q.
P = 20 – 0.5 (q1 + q2)
We have the value of q2 = 20.
P = 20 – 0.5 (q1 + q2)
P = 20 – 0.5 (q1 + 20)
P = 20 – 0.5q1 – 10
P = 10 – 0.5q1
Total revenue of firm 1, TR = Pq1
TR = 10q1 – (0.5q1)^2
Now MR is the differentiation of TR. So the MR after differentiation if TR of firm 1 is:
MR = 10 – 1q1
Bonds with detachable stock warrants were issued by Flack Co. Immediately after issue the aggregate market value of the bonds and the warrants exceeds the proceeds. Is the portion of the proceeds allocated to the warrants less than their market value, and is that amount recorded as contributed capital
Answer: Yes
Explanation: Bonds with detachable stock warrants could be explained as bonds which gives the holder an added offer of being able to purchase a certain asset a a specified price at a certain time. According to the scenario above, the income generated from the Issuance of the bond falls below the aggregate market value of the bond, In this case, the portion of the proceed allocated to the warrant will be less than their market value which is largely due to the impact of the shortfall in the proceed generated from Issuance of the bond. Due to the shortfall in the allocated proceed, the share of proceed applied to the warrant will be noted as outstanding in the detachable stock warrant.
Munster Company reports the following net cash in its statement of cash flows: net inflow from operating activities: $200; net outflow from investing activities: $300; net outflow from financing activities: $50. The ending balance in cash is $20; the beginning balance must have been
Answer:
$170
Explanation:
Given the following information about Munster company:
Net inflow from operating ACTIVITIES = $200
Net outflow from investing ACTIVITIES = $300
Net outflow from financing ACTIVITIES = $50
Ending balance in cash = $20
BEGINNING BALANCE :
Outflows + ending balance - inflow
(Outflow from investing ACTIVITIES + outflow from financing ACTIVITIES + ending balance in cash) - inflow from operating activities
($300 + $50 + $20) - $200
$370 - $200
= $170
what is current capital , future human capital and human capital ? is there a difference?
Answer:
it's money or dollarsand no there's no difference
Gordon is 60 years old and Mary is 55 years old. They are married with three dependent children over age 17, and Gordon has one job. Assuming that Mary is unemployed, how many allowances should Gordon claim on his Form W-4, assuming no extra allowances for deductions or adjustments?
Answer:
The remaining part of the question:
.......Assuming that Mary is unemployed, how many allowances should Gordon claim on his Form W-4, assuming no extra allowances for deductions or adjustments?
a. Five
b. Six
c. Seven
d. eight
e. Nine
Correct Answer:
b. Six
Explanation:
The right allowance Gordon could be able o claim in the W-4 Form is actually 6.
Ben works at a small advertising agency as a graphic artist. Ben enjoys his job because the company allows employees to have flexible schedules and to telecommute when necessary. Which of the following best describes this type of employee compensation? A) indirect financial compensation B) direct financial compensation C) nonfinancial compensation D) required compensation
Answer:
C) nonfinancial compensation.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Ben works at a small advertising agency as a graphic artist. Ben enjoys his job because the company allows employees to have flexible schedules and to telecommute when necessary. A non-financial compensation best describes this type of employee compensation because employees aren't given any compensation in cash.
A non-financial compensation can be defined as the satisfaction or benefits an employee derives from working in a particular organization without any form of monetary incentive. It has to do solely with non-monetary values such as flexibility, job environment, relaxation spots, food, fitness facilities etc.
"A customer buys 300 shares of ABC at $40, depositing the Regulation T requirement on the 3rd business day after trade date. He holds the position for two months, during which $100 of interest is charged on the debit balance. What is the adjusted debit balance at the end of the two month period?"
Answer:
Explanation:
Given the following :
Number of shares = 300
Cost per share = $40
Interest charge = $100
Total cost of shares = (number of shares * purchase price)
Total cost of shares = 300 * $40 = $12000
The regulation T says an investor cannot borrow more than 50% of the purchase price.
Therefore, 50% of shares cost :
(50/100) * $12,000
0.5 * $12,000
= $6000
Therefore, Adjusted debit balance :
$6000 + $100 = $6,100
A working group convened by NASAA has developed a model fee disclosure schedule to help investors better understand the costs involved in doing business with their broker-dealer. The template has broker-dealers disclose all of the following fees except:________. A) charges for late payments B) account inactivity fee C) issuance of a stock certificate D) advisory fees
Answer:
Correct Answer:
C) issuance of a stock certificate
Explanation:
In the model developed by group working for NASAA which was to disclose model fee and cost involved in doing business with them, it would disclose all associated cost involved. The only thing it would not disclose would be regards to stock certificate issuance since it falls outside their perview.
What can you tell me about Google's Supply Chain Management ?(10 Marks)
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
With suppliers across over 60 countries all around the globe, Google continues to organize its supply chain quite efficiently.
Hence, Google’s supply chain management can be summarized in the following key points:
1. Getting reliable suppliers: Google ensures they work with trustworthy suppliers by conducting robust appraisal based on a variety of factors, such as country-specific risk, product-specific risk, suppliers' past records, supplier relationships, etc.
2. Suppliers code of conducting business: this involves social and environmental responsibility and as well as safe working conditions for suppliers' employees.
3. Effective Management of Suppliers Diversity: Google identifies and supports all forms of suppliers' community, regardless of countries, gender, age, disability status, or even sexual orientation of the suppliers. This implies that Google keeps respecting and valuing the contribution of every associated with its supply chain in any capacity.
4. Promoting Tools and Techniques to Supports Suppliers: Google prioritizes training and energy conservations, cost reductions, and product enhancement, for its suppliers, which contribute to easy access to clean and renewable energy.
The economy begins in equilibrium at point E, representing the real interest rate r 1 at which saving S 1 equals desired investment I 1. What will be the new equilibrium combination of real interest rate, saving, and investment if there is a technological innovation that increases the demand for investment goods
Answer:
hello below is the missing diagram needed for the question
answer : point B
Explanation:
when there is a technological innovation that increases the demand for investment and goods the real interest rate,savings and investment will take a positive outlook i.e take a shift to the right , this is due to the increase in investment and a corresponding increase in demand by consumers
Technological innovation are very vital for the expansion of production by companies and firms who provide either goods or services
The Gap company caters to the needs of men and women by manufacturing three different lines of fashion-wear based on the purchasing power of its customers. One product line caters to the needs of affluent, Generation X executives and the other line targets Millennial professionals and homemakers. Gap most likely segments the consumer market based on __________ variables.
Answer: demographic
Explanation:
Demography simply has to do with population study. From the question, we are informed that The Gap company caters to the needs of men and women by manufacturing three different lines of fashion-wear based on the purchasing power of its customers.
This shows that Gap most likely segments the consumer market based on demographic variables.
A segment is a part of a company that earns money and develops its own products, product lines, or service offers.
Gap most likely segments the consumer market based on Demographic variables.
Demographic data is gathered to create a client base profile for cooperate marketing purposes. Age, sex, income level, race and employment are some of the main characteristics collected in demographic research. In order to identify clients, demographic data is used to generate assumptions about groups.
To know about demographic variables, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/15595503
Soft and Silky, Inc. manufactures bedding sets. The budgeted production is for 53,000 comforters during the upcoming year. Each comforter requires 6 yards of material. The estimated January 1, 20Y7, beginning inventory is 31,000 yards. The desired ending balance is 30,000 yards of material. If the material costs $1.50 per yard, determine the materials budget for the year.
Answer:
The materials budget for the year = $475,500
Explanation:
let us first lay out the particulars
beginning inventory = 31,000 yards
ending balance = 30,000 yards
amount sold from beginning inventory = 31,000 - 30,000 = 1,000 yards
budgeted production = 53,000 comforters
requirement for each comforter = 6 yards
total budgeted yards to be required = (requirement for each comforter) × (number of comforters)
= 6 × 53,000 = 318,000 yards
Note that required number of yards to be required during the year = 318,000 yards, but we have 1,000 yards available from the beginning inventory, as shown above, therefore, the number of yards to be produced is calculated as follows:
number of yards to be produced = (required number of yards) - ( number of yards from beginning inventory)
= 318,000 - 1000 = 317,000 yards.
Next, we are told that material cost per yard = $1.50
1 yard = $1.50
∴ 317,000 yards = 1.50 × 317,000 = $475,500
Therefore the materials budget for the year = $475,500
The change brought about by online competition from Amazon and Wal Mart are examples of ______? This is a fill in the blank question
Answer:
The answer is "changing customer preferences"
Explanation:
The consumer desires were perceptions, preferences, disagreements, and intentions which influence customer for consuming the choices by explaining their consumer's conduct, their support, and their needs. for example, The client needs a certain theme, brand, and color,
It's really difficult for a person to create marketing strategies without changing customers ’ preferences. In the corporation, it will maintain its customer base congrats to a comprehensive understanding of the various demand of consumers.Amazon and Wal mart represent a large segment of the E-commerce industries that have large retail and whole scale chains. These companies operate 24/7 and have a customer base.
The change in the buying behavior of the clients and customers is due to the changing customer preferences in the market. These companies are the ones that drive online sales and marketing. The differences in price, brand value and tastes and preferences of people.Thus the changing nature of people preferences in the market.
Learn more bout the brought about by online competition from Amazon and Wal Mart.
brainly.com/question/23124943.
Jeremy is a business student at ABC University. He is currently enrolled for 18 credits, mostly of quantitative courses with high workloads. He also works 25 hours a week as a bartender. Final exams are coming soon and he is worried about his grades. How would you characterize the cause(s) of Jeremy's stress?
Answer: work overload
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Jeremy is a business student at ABC University and that he is currently enrolled for 18 credits, mostly of quantitative courses with high workloads.
We are further told that he also works 25 hours a week as a bartender. This shows that Jeremy has many works he's doing and the likely cause of his stress is work overload. He's performing too much tasks.
I'maSolarPanelCo. manufactures and distributes solar panels in the US market. Two years ago, it had 5 US competitors, but government stimulus in the industry has encouraged 7 new US competitors to enter the market. In these circumstances, I'maSolarPanelCo.'s price for its output
a. can be tailored to exceed the price of its inputs.
b. is dictated by the forces of demand and supply.
c. can be tailored to meet the price of its inputs.
d. can be set by management to maximize profits.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The situation of the market as described in the scenario is a competitive market. In a competitive market , there are numerous producers that are always in competition with one another . This has taken away the power of dictating the market from just a particular producer . unlike in a monopoly situation.
Price setting is a perfect competition is determined by the market forces of demand and supply.
Which option is correct. A, B, C, or D
In 2019, Osgood Corporation purchased $6.1 million worth of 10-year municipal bonds at face value. On December 31, 2021, the bonds had a fair value of $4,300,000 and Osgood reclassified the bonds from held-to-maturity to trading securities. Osgood's December 31, 2021, balance sheet and the 2021 income statement would show the following:
Investment in bonds (TS) Income statement loss on investments
a. $4,300,000 $ 0
b. $4,300,000 $1,800,000
c. $6,100,000 $1,800,000
d. $6,100,000 $ 0
a) Option d.
b) Option c.
c) Option b.
Answer:
b. $4,300,000 $1,800,000
Explanation:
Calculation for what Osgood's December 31, 2021, balance sheet and the 2021 income statement would show
First step is to find the Loss on investments using this formula
Income statement Loss on investments =Face value municipal bonds-Fair value
Let plug in the formula
Income statement Loss on investments=6,100,000-4,300,000
Income statement Loss on investments= $1,800,000
Second step is to find the investment in bonds
Based on the information given we were told that On December 31, 2021, the bonds had a Fair value of the amount of $4,300,000 which simply means that the Fair value amount of $4,300,000 will be the Investment in municipal bonds.
Therefore the Income statement Loss on investments will be $1,800,000 while Investment in municipal bonds will be $4,300,000.
On January 1, 2021, Ozark Minerals issued $10 million of 9%, 10-year convertible bonds at 101. The bonds pay interest on June 30 and December 31. Each $1,000 bond is convertible into 40 shares of Ozarks no par common stock. Bonds that are similar in all respects, except that they are non convertible, currently are selling at 99. Upon issuance, Ozark should:
Answer:
Upon issuance, Ozark should "Credit premium on bonds payable $100,000"
Explanation:
Issue price of bond is ($10 million * $101) = $10,100,000
The face value of the bond = $10,000,000
The premium on bond = $10,100,000 - $10,000,000
The premium on bond = $100,000
Journal entry
Debit Credit
Cash $10,100,000
Premium on bonds payable $100,000
Bonds payable $10,000,000
Conclusion: Upon issuance, Ozark should "Credit premium on bonds payable $100,000"
On May 27, Buzz Off Inc. reacquired 5,500 shares of its common stock at $23 per share. On August 3, Buzz Off sold 3,200 of the reacquired shares at $26 per share. November 14, Buzz Off sold the remaining shares at $22 per share.
Journalize the transactions of May 27, August 3, and November 14. For a compound transaction, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
May 27_____
Aug. 3_____
Nov. 14_____
Answer:
May 27
Dr Treasury Stock $126,500
Cr Cash $126,500
Aug. 3
Dr Cash $83,200
Cr Treasury Stock $73,600
Cr Paid-in Capital from Sale of Treasury Stock $9,600
Nov. 14
Dr Cash $50,600
Dr Paid-in Capital from Sale of Treasury Stock $2,300
Cr Treasury Stock $52,900
Explanation:
Preparation for the Journal entries for Buzz Off Inc
May 27
Dr Treasury Stock $126,500
(5,500 × $23)
Cr Cash $126,500
Aug. 3
Dr Cash $83,200
(3,200 × $26)
Cr Treasury Stock $73,600
(3,200 × $23)
Cr Paid-in Capital from Sale of Treasury Stock $9,600[3,200 × ($26 – $23)]
Nov. 14
Dr Cash $50,600
($5,500-$3,200 × $22)
Dr Paid-in Capital from Sale of Treasury Stock $2,300
[$5,500-$3,200 × ($23 – $22)
Cr Treasury Stock $52,900
(2,300 × $23)
A theater group made appearances in two cities. The hotel charge before tax in the second city was $500 lower than in the first. The tax in the first city was 8%, and the tax in the second city was 8.5%. The total hotel tax paid for the two cities was $823.75. How much was the hotel charge in each city before tax?
Answer:
Hotel charge in city 1= $5,250
Hotel charge in city 2= $4,750
Explanation:
A theater group made an appearance in two cities.
Let x represent the amount charged in the first city
Let y represent the amount charged in the second city
The hotel charge before tax in the first city is $500 lower than the second city
y= x-500......equation 1
The tax in the first city is 8%
= 8/100
= 0.08
The tax in the second city is 8.5%
= 8.5/100
= 0.085
0.08x + 0.085y= 823.75.........equation 2
Substitute (x-500) for y in equation 2
0.08x + 0.085(x-500)= 823.75
0.08x + 0.085x - 42.5= 823.75
Collect the like terms
0.08x + 0.085x= 823.75+42.5
0.165x= 866.25
x= 866.25/0.165
x = 5,250
Substitute 5250 for x in equation 1
y= x-500
y= 5,250-500
y= 4,750
Hence the hotel charge in city 1 is $5,250 and the hotel charge in city 2 is $4,750
Suppose that the market for candy canes operates under conditions of perfect competition, that it is initially in long-run equilibrium, and that the price of each candy cane is $0.20. Now suppose that the price of sugar falls, decreasing the marginal and average total costs of producing candy canes by $0.15. Based on the information given, we can conclude that in the short run a typical producer of candy canes will be making:
Answer:
Positive economic profit
Explanation: In the economic profit, we have to consider the revenue earned and the cost of production including the opportunity cost. In the scenario above, the economic profit is positive, because, the average and marginal cost falls by $0.15 at a time when the sales price of the product is $0.20. The economic profit here is positive, due to the further reduction in the marginal and average price of an important material in the production process. In this scenario, due to positive economic profit, the New firms are attracted to the market.
what is business operation scheme model?
it's your answer pls mark me brainleast
it may help you
A house in the neighborhood has been well maintained. The seller has made sure that all the electrical systems are working to code and that it has been kept up-to-date on painting and other maintenance. The appraiser gives him an excellent value based on:
Answer:
utility power
Explanation:
In simple words, the location of the house has been said to be in a prominent region, it gives the house a competitive advantage over other units, also the house has been maintained and restructured bu the seller so that it looks more good and healthy.
The subject unit has been restructured in a way that it satisfied all the needs of the buyer, thus, it brings a lot of utility power to the market in respect of its value.
Answer: economic life
Explanation:
You are going to receive $80 at the end of each year for the next 12 years. If you invest each of those amounts at 12%, then what amount of money will you have at the end of the 12th year
Answer:
FV= $1,930.65
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Cash flow= $80 a year
Number of periods= 12 years
Interest rate= 12% compounded annually
To calculate the future value, we need to use the following formula:
FV= {A*[(1+i)^n-1]}/i
A= annual deposit
FV= {80[(1.12^12) - 1]} / 0.12
FV= $1,930.65
A company supervisor asks for volunteers from the first shift to help assemble a new binding machine that must be on-line within the next 24 hours. Grady lifts his chin and his shoulders, nods, and says, "I can do it." In the social cognitive perspective of Albert Bandura, Grady has appraised a desired outcome through self-evaluated
A. competencies.
B. emotions.
C. strategies.
D. expectancies.
Answer:
The correct answer is the option D: Expectancies.
Explanation:
To begin with, in this situation where the employee name as Grady has appraised a desired outcome through self-evaluation is because of the expectancies that the employee has over himself regarding the job that is being asked from his superiors and that because he knows that completing the volenteered task without help will show to his employer that he has great courage and force of will to do the tasks that are not even obligated. So that will help understand why Grady decides to do it because of the expectancies he has over the situation.
Answer:
A. competencies.
Explanation:
Competencies are self-evaluations that we bring to a situation. When we think we can do something, we’re more likely to try it than when we don’t think we’ll succeed. Competencies in math, tennis, socializing, or any other field come from experiences of prior success that act as reinforcers.
Many gluten-free food options are found on the store shelves in the United States, but they are scarcely available in international markets. Given the increasing awareness of a healthy lifestyle, such products satisfy an unmet need. Therefore, a product such as gluten-free food in international markets:_________.
Answer: Is likely to have greater value
Explanation:
Gluten-free food are food that are safe to eat. Examples are most dairy products, such as cheese, butter and milk, fruit and vegetables, meat and fish (although not breaded or battered)
potatoes, rice and rice noodles. Although they are available at stores in America, they are scarce in the other part of world due to how they are valued. The demand of such food in those region is higher than that of America hence their shortage there.
Cole is refinishing an antique china cabinet and has already spent $180 on the restoration. He expects to be able to sell the cabinet for $360. Cole discovers that he needs to do an additional $200 worth of work to make the cabinet worth $360 to potential buyers. He could also sell the cabinet now, without completing the additional work, for $100. What should Cole do
Answer:
Cole should complete the additional work and sell the cabinet for $360.
Explanation:
If Cole sells the cabinet now for $100 and taken into account that he has already spent $180, this means that:
$100-$180= -$80
He would be losing $80.
On the other side, if he completes the additional work, he would sell the cabinet $360. However, his expenses would be:
$180+$200= $380
Now, you have to subtract the costs from the selling price:
$360-$380= -$20
This means that he would lose $20.
According to that, Cole should complete the additional work because he would be lose less money.
Average common stockholders’ equity $3,015 $3,090 Dividends declared for common stockholders 365 655 Dividends declared for preferred stockholders 40 40 Net income 685 730 Calculate the payout ratio and return on common stockholders’ equity ratio for 2017 and 2016
Answer:
Year 2016
Payout ratio
= (Dividends Paid to Common Stockholders/ Net Income) * 100
= 655/730 * 100
= 89.7%
Return on Common Stockholder's Equity
= ((Net Income - Preferred Stock Dividend) / Average Common Stockholder's Equity) * 100
= ((730 - 40)/ 3,090) * 100
= 22.3%
Year 2017
Payout ratio
= (Dividends Paid to Common Stockholders/ Net Income) * 100
= 365/ 685 * 100
= 53.3%
Return on Common Stockholder's Equity
= ((Net Income - Preferred Stock Dividend) / Average Common Stockholder's Equity) * 100
= ((685 - 40)/ 3,015) * 100
= 21.4%
Rashad consistently went above and beyond to meet his personal deadlines and to help other team members to ensure a recent product launch was completed on time. His manager was impressed and offered Rashad the opportunity for a coveted leadership position on the next generation product team. The manager's action is consistent with _______ justice. distributive restorative customary reparative frontier
Complete Question:
Rashad consistently went above and beyond to meet his personal deadlines and to help other team members to ensure a recent product launch was completed on time. His manager was impressed and offered Rashad the opportunity for a coveted leadership position on the next generation product team. The manager's action is consistent with _______ justice.
Group of answer choices.
A. restorative
B. customary
C. distributive
D. frontier
E. reparative
Answer:
Distributive.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Rashad consistently went above and beyond to meet his personal deadlines and to help other team members to ensure a recent product launch was completed on time. As a result of this, his manager was impressed and offered Rashad the opportunity for a coveted leadership position on the next generation product team. The manager's action is consistent with distributive justice.
Distributive justice can be defined as the just and fair allocation of resources among a large group of people. It is mainly focused on the use of discretion as opposed to administrative laws, policies or procedures.
Hence, Rashad was offered the much coveted position by his manager not because he was entitled to it by law but as a result of distributive justice being used by the manager.
The manager's action is consistent with distributive justice. Thus the option C is correct.
What is distributive justice ?Distributive justice is the social allocation of resources. It is related to administrative laws and has been used in social sciences and psychology.
Distributive justice is of the 5 types equality, equity, power, need, and responsibility. As Rashad's manager offers him the opportunity to co0nvert the leadership position for the team of next-generation, his action is consistent with distributive justice.
Find out more information about Rashad.
brainly.com/question/5527001.
This question is incomplete.
The Complete Question:
Rashad consistently went above and beyond to meet his personal deadlines and to help other team members to ensure a recent product launch was completed on time. His manager was impressed and offered Rashad the opportunity for a coveted leadership position on the next generation product team. The manager's action is consistent with _______ justice.
Group of answer choices.
A. restorative
B. customary
C. distributive
D. frontier
E. reparative
