Choice C, The global temperature is rising as a result of the greenhouse effect. This rise is mostly caused by the greenhouse gases CO2 and others that block the Earth's heat from escaping.
The way greenhouse gases trap heat close to the Earth's surface is known as the greenhouse effect. You might imagine these heat-trapping gases as a blanket covering the Earth, keeping it warmer than it would be otherwise.
Human activity has led to a rise in greenhouse gas concentrations. Carbon dioxide levels in the environment during the past century have dramatically grown as a result of burning fossil fuels like coal and oil. Burning coal or oil releases CO2 when airborne oxygen and carbon combine, causing this spike.
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the sahara desert and the negev desert belong to the same ______ . group of answer choices a. community b. savanna ecosystem c. biome d. temperate grassland
The Sahara and Negev deserts are both parts of the same ecosystem(biome).
Latitude has no effect on an ecosystem, but it does on a biome. All creatures participate in trophic interactions within food webs and chains in an ecosystem, however this is not always the case in a biome. Aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra biomes are the five main kinds, while some of these can be further broken down into more specialized groups, such as freshwater, marine, savanna, tropical rainforest, moderate rainforest, & taiga. Scientists may define a biome by defining the temperature range, soil type, quantity of light, and water that are peculiar to a location and create niches for particular species.
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Through the process of photosynthesis, _____energy from the sun is changed to stored _______ energy.
Answer:
Kinetic, Potential
Explanation:
Since light waves are in motion, their energy is the energy of motion. This would be kinetic energy. Once that energy is stored by the plant during photosynthesis, it becomes potential energy.
based on the information given in slides 3 and 5 , for what set of cancer genes does p53 act as a transcription factor?
Answer:
Based on the information given in slides 3 and 5, p53 acts as a transcription factor for a set of genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Slide 3 states that p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis. Slide 5 mentions that p53 activates the transcription of a set of genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes (CDKIs) and Bax.
CDKIs are proteins that inhibit the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are enzymes that regulate the cell cycle. Bax is a protein that promotes apoptosis.
Therefore, p53 acts as a transcription factor for a set of genes involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis, including CDKIs and Bax.
Explanation:
P53 acts as a transcription factor and acts as a guardian of the cell, preventing the cell from getting into the cancer stage, and when the p53 is mutant, then various kinds of cancer are formed.
What is the significance of the p53 ?It is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of cells in the cell cycle and induces DNA repair and apoptosis when the cell is not good enough to go into the cell cycle. Because the loss of functional p53 protein is a common feature of many types of human cancer, it is one of the transcription factors that positively regulate the cell for normal cell division.
Hence, p53 acts as a transcription factor and acts as a guardian of the cell, preventing the cell from getting into the cancer stage, and when the p53 is mutant, then various kinds of cancer are formed.
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mendel discovered that the allele for green seed pods (g) is dominant to the allele for yellow seed pods (g). he crossed true-breeding (homozygous) parental plants with green (gg) and yellow (gg) seed pods to produce an f1 generation, all of which were heterozygous (gg) with green seed pods. he then crossed two of these f1 plants to produce an f2 generation. drag the genotypes and phenotypes from the left to correctly complete the punnett square for the f2 generation. labels may be used more than once.
The genotypes and phenotypes from the left to correctly complete the punnett square for the f2 generation are:
The Punnett square for the F2 generation:
G g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg
What is the Punnett square about?In this Punnett square, G represents the dominant allele for green seed pods, and g represents the recessive allele for yellow seed pods. The F1 generation plants are heterozygous (GG), meaning that they have one dominant allele for green seed pods and one recessive allele for yellow seed pods.
When these plants are crossed, the F2 generation can have four possible genotypes: GG (homozygous dominant for green seed pods), Gg (heterozygous for green seed pods), gG (heterozygous for green seed pods), and gg (homozygous recessive for yellow seed pods).
The genotypes GG and Gg will produce plants with green seed pods (the dominant trait), while the genotypes gG and gg will produce plants with yellow seed pods (the recessive trait).
Therefore, the F2 generation will have 3 plants with green seed pods and 1 plant with yellow seed pods. The phenotypes in the F2 generation will be 75% green seed pods and 25% yellow seed pods.
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Determine the ratio of offspring with the described
trait to the total number of offspring:
Unattached earlobes and cleft chin
Unattached earlobes and no cleft
Attached earlobes and cleft chin
Attached earlobes and no cleft
The ratio of offspring with the described trait to the total number of offspring: unattached earlobes and no cleft. So, the correct option is (B).
What is Trait?A phenotypic trait is defined as a specific form of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism which may be either inherited or environmentally determined, but usually occurs as a combination of both.
A heredity-related trait is a specific characteristic of an individual which may be determined by genes, environmental factors, or a combination of both. These can be qualitative (such as eye color) or quantitative (such as height or blood pressure).
Thus, the ratio of offspring with the described trait to the total number of offspring: unattached earlobes and no cleft. So, the correct option is (B).
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FILL IN THE BLANK. when making homebrew, yeasts are added to a sugar, water and hops mixture. it is crucial to limit the input of oxygen in order to force the yeast to undergo fermentation. if oxygen is allowed into the system, the production of___will___and the production of___will .
Yeasts are added to a sugar, water, and hops mixture to make homebrew. To drive the yeast to undergo fermentation, it is essential to restrict the oxygen input. Upon allowing oxygen into the system, the production of oxygen will undergoes and the production of carbohydrates will take place.
In the presence of oxygen, yeast undergo aerobic respiration and convert carbohydrates (sugar source) into carbon dioxide and water. In the absence of oxygen, yeasts undergo fermentation and convert carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and alcohol. When oxygen is not present or if an organism is not able to undergo aerobic respiration, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation.
Fermentation does not require oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Fermentation will replenish NAD+ from the NADH + H+ produced in glycolysis. Yeast use oxygen for cell membrane synthesis. Without oxygen, cell growth will be extremely limited. Yeast can only produce sterols and certain unsaturated fatty acids necessary for cell growth in the presence of oxygen.
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How are these 7 organisms related? Which ones are more closely related?
Frog
Aligator
Rabbit
Shark
Tuna
Parrot
Relationships between organisms indicate that they had a common ancestry. The closer the creatures are linked, the more recent their common ancestor was. Given that you have a parent as your most recent shared ancestor, siblings (brothers and sisters) would be your closest relatives.
Which organisms are more linked to one another, and how can you tell?Two organisms' DNA can be compared by scientists; the closer the DNA matches, the more related the two organisms are.
Which of the following assemblages of creatures is more kin to the other?Genus. The taxonomic rank between a family and a species is called a genus (plural, genera). A genus is a collection of creatures that are structurally very similar to one another and are very closely linked.
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Please identify the four most significant interactions between humans and the microbes that live in and on our bodies. Microbes promote the development and maturation of host immune defenses. Microbes may invade and grow in normally sterile body sites. Microbes cause disease by damaging tissues and organs.
In addition to positive connections in the form of human, domestic animal, and crop diseases, human interactions with microorganisms also involve both practical and symbolic uses of germs.
Fermentation in food processing was the first practical application of microbes in antiquity; yeasts have been used to make bread, beer, and wine since the birth of civilization, including in ancient Egypt. More recently, as industrial chemists learn how to produce an increasing variety of organic chemicals, including enzymes and bioactive molecules like hormones and competitive inhibitors for use as medicines, microbes have been used in activities ranging from biological warfare to the production of chemicals by fermentation. Additionally, fuels can be created through fermentation, including ethanol and methane, which are alternatives for fossil fuels .Escherichia coli and yeast are used as model organisms in scientific research, particularly in genetics and related sciences.
Pathogens, or microorganisms that cause disease in humans, domesticated animals, and crop plants, include bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
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Which table best compares the events that occur during different stages of the cell cycle? A Phase. event. S. Phase. DNA replication. M. Phase. Nuclear division. B Phase. Event. S. Phase. Nuclear division. M. Phase. Cytoplasm division. C phase. event. S. Phase. cytoplasm division. M. phase. cell growth. D phase. event. s. phase. cell growth. m. phase. DNA replication.
The table that best compares the events that occur during different stages of the cell cycle is S phase/DNA replication and M phase/Nuclear division. Option A.
Cell cycleThe cell cycle has two main phases which are further divided into subphases. The main phases are:
S phaseM phaseThe S phase is further divided into:
G1 phase: a phase during which the cell grows and developS phase: a phase during which the cell carries out DNA replicationG2 phase: a phase during which the cell synthesizes proteins.The M phase is further divided into:
ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseCytokinesisIn other words, the M phase is the active cell division phase.
Following the summary of the cell cycle, the table that best compares what happens during the cell cycle can, thus, be seen as the one that pairs DNA replication with the S phase and nuclear division with the M phase.
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Nucleotides in organisms are composed of -
A glucose units in carbohydrate molecules.
B Fat molecules in the cell membrane.
C nitrogenous bases, five-carbon sugars, and phosphate groups.
D ionic bonds, six-carbon sugars, and hydrogen groups.
Which of the following amino acids is more likely to be found on the exterior of a globular protein and which on the interior? Explain.
(a) Valine
(b) Aspartic acid
(c) Phenylalanine
(d) Lysine
Valine is more likely to be found on the exterior of a globular protein because it is a hydrophobic amino acid, meaning it tends to interact with other non-polar molecules and be repelled by water.
Exploring the Differences Between Interior and Exterior Amino Acids in Globular ProteinsValine tends to interact with other non-polar molecules and be repelled by water. Aspartic acid is more likely to be found on the interior of a globular protein because it is a polar amino acid and therefore more likely to interact with other polar molecules and be attracted to water. Phenylalanine and lysine are both polar amino acids and are therefore more likely to be found on the interior of a globular protein.Learn more about amino acids: https://brainly.com/question/2526971
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Compare the physiological processes associated with both continuous and saltatory conduction.
The key difference between saltatory conduction and continuous conduction is that saltatory conduction is the propagation of action potential along myelinated axons while continuous conduction is the propagation of action potential along unmyelinated axons.
Saltatory conduction, as used in the study of neurology, is the acceleration of the conduction velocity of action potentials as they move down myelinated axons between Ranvier nodes. In contrast to electrical conduction in a simple circuit, the only locations throughout the axon where ions are exchanged across the axon membrane to renew the action potential between segments of the axon that are insulated by myelin are the uninsulated nodes of Ranvier.
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Adding compost to farmed soil is better than adding synthetic fertilizer because: O compost contains disease fighting microorganisms that synthetic fertilizers lack. O synthetic fertilizers contain a great many microorganisms, some of which spread plant diseases. O compost contains carbon, and using only synthetic fertilizers can lead to a loss of soil carbon content. O synthetic fertilizers are adding the primary chemicals to the atmosphere that contribute to the ozone hole.
Adding compost to farmed soil is better than adding synthetic fertilizers for a variety of reasons. Perhaps the most important of these is that compost contains disease fighting microorganisms that synthetic fertilizers lack.
These microorganisms help to keep the soil healthy and reduce the chances of plant diseases. The microorganisms in synthetic fertilizers, on the other hand, can sometimes spread plant diseases.
Another advantage of adding compost to farmed soil is that it contains carbon. Over time, the use of only synthetic fertilizers can lead to a loss of soil carbon content, which is essential for healthy soil. In contrast, compost adds carbon and helps maintain the soil’s fertility.
Finally, it’s important to consider the environmental impact of synthetic fertilizers. Synthetic fertilizers are adding the primary chemicals to the atmosphere that contribute to the ozone hole. In contrast, compost is a natural product and does not contribute to environmental pollution.
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Hi can someone please help me with this. So I have to make observations of these cells but I’m not sure what to put because according to what the instructions say it kinda makes me struggle a bit.
The observations that can be made is that each cell is made up of a cell membrane that distinguishes it from the other cells and there are components within the cells that picks stains more that others.
What is a cell?A cell is defined as the structural and functional unit if the body which is made up of membrane bound organelles that functions together for the vitality of the whole cell.
The structures that can be found within the cell include the following:
Cell membrane; This is the phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cells which uses its semi permeable abilities to monitor the substances that enter and leave the cell.Nucleus; This is usually centrally placed in a cell and they contain the hereditary material of the organism which can be passed from them to their offspring.Ribosomes: This is the site for the production of proteins in the cell. The rough Endoplasmic reticulum has the ribosome on its surface which gives it the rough appearance while there is absence of ribosome on the surface of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.lysosomes: This contains enzymes that are used to destroy any foreign substances in the cell.From the stained stained and the unstained slides is can be observed that each cell is made up of a cell membrane that distinguishes it from the other cells and there are components within the cells that picks stains more that others.
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Suppose you view a slide under the low-power lens of a microscope. You are able to focus the object, and increase the lens magnification. However, you have trouble focusing the image in the high-power lens. What action is most likely to resolve the issue? O Return to the low-power magnification, refocus on the object, then return to the high-power lens. O Take the slide off the stage and clean the lenses with lens paper. O Use the coarse adjustment knob to try to focus on the object. O Try a different slideOnly the coarse adjustment knob should be used when viewing an image with the high-power lens. O True O FalseIf a specimen is in liquid, how should you mount it onto a slide? O Remove the sample from the liquid and place it on a dry slide. O Put a drop of water on the slide, remove the sample from its liquid and place it in the water on the slide O Place a drop of the sample in its liquid on the slide O Put as much of the sample in its liquid on the slide as you can
A. Return to the low-power magnification, refocus on the object, then return to the high-power lens is most likely to resolve the issue.
This is helpful because you only need to use the fine adjustment on the high-power lens to see the object clearly once it is clear under low power.
Even though using lens-cleaning paper to clean the lens should help, getting the right focus at low power is important, so the second option is not the right choice. Because you typically use the Fine adjustment with high-power lenses and the coarse adjustment with low-power lenses, the third option is incorrect. The final choice would also be wrong because if you can focus with a low-power lens, there is nothing wrong with the slide.
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Select the two true statements about natural selection.
Only variations that help individuals avoid predators can become more
common through natural selection.
The result of natural selection in a population depends on the population's
environment.
Natural selection causes advantageous variations to become more
common over many generations.
Natural selection can cause an individual to gain new advantageous
variations during its life
The result of natural selection in a population depends on the population's environment and Natural selection causes advantageous variations to become more common over many generations are true statements about the process of natural selection (options 2 and 3).
What is the process of natural selection?The process of natural selection is an evolutionary mechanism associated with the differential survival and reproduction of the most adaptive phenotypes in a given environment.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of natural selection leads to a change in gene allele frequency due to differential reproduction.
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A field guide for an area describes all the populations present as well as the abiotic components of that region. Which level of ecological organization
BEST describes the focus of this field?
The level of ecological organization is the ecosystem.
What is a population?We know that the term population has to do with the number of species that can be found in a given ecosystem that all share exactly the same characteristics. This implies that the organisms are able to interbreed.
The genetic make up of the organisms that make up a population must be just the same and would not change. Let us recall that the ecosystem refers to a self supporting unit that is composed of the living and the non living parts.
Thus, the ecosystem brings together the populations present in the region as well as the abiotic factors.
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Missing parts;
A field guide for one area describes all the populations present as well as the abiotic components of that region. Which level of ecological organization best describes the focus of this field guide?
answer choices
biome
biosphere
ecosystem
community
Based on the data in the table, if the number of snakes were to suddenly decrease, which of the following changes would most likely occur in the food web of this ecosystem?A: increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawksB: increase in number of hawks, decrease in number of shrewsC: increase in number of grasshoppers, decrease in number of plantsD: increase in number of spiders, decrease in number of plantsA: increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks (Snakes feed on shrews so with less snakes, the population of shrews should increase. Hawks feed on snakes so with less overall food, the population of hawks should decrease.)
When a population in a trophic web is affected by any factor that reduces or increases its population size, the anterior and posterior links in the trophic chain are affected as well. Option A is correct. increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks.
What is the throphic web?The trophic web is the interaction between different organisms involving transference of energy when some of them feed on the other ones. The ones placed at lower levels pass energy to the ones at the higher levels.
Organisms at each level feed on the preceding one and become food for the next one.
Because it is a web, all organisms are in equilibrium until a change occurs. When a sudden change affects any of the involved links, there can be a cascade effect on the web.
Any change in a link population size (increasing or decreasing) will affect the superior links and the immediately anterior link.
In the exposed example, if snake's population was to suddenly decrease, there would be
a decrease in hawk's populationan increase in shrew's populationSnakes feed on shrews, so a decrease in the number of snakes will allow the shrew's survival and reproductive rate to increase, and hence, to increase their population size.
Hawks feed on snakes and shrews. A decrease in the number of snakes means less available food items for them and more competition. Their population size might be reduced even if the shrew's population increases in size.
Option A is correct. increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks.
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Which of the following are advantages to sexual reproductioin? Choose all that apply.
Requires more energy
Variation helps offspring adapt to change
Requires finding a mate
Embryos receive protection
Takes more time
Produces genetically unique offspring
Requires more energy
Answer:
meow meow meow meow, meow meow meow meow, meow meow
Explanation:
meow
the urinary system organ removes waste products from the body and helps regulate blood pressure. T/F
True. The urinary system is composed of several organs that work together to remove waste products from the body and to help regulate blood pressure.
The primary organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter out waste products and excess water, which are then transported to the bladder via the ureters. The bladder stores the waste products until they are expelled from the body through the urethra. The urinary system also helps to regulate blood pressure by controlling the amount of water and salt that is excreted in the urine.
Additionally, the kidneys release a hormone that helps to regulate blood pressure. Through these functions, the urinary system plays an important role in maintaining the health of the body.
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The signal that tells soluble proteins to be sent forward to the lysosome is ________
The message informing soluble proteins to proceed to the lysosome is Cargo receptor and lysosomal transmembrane protein sorting is necessary.
Signals found in the cytosolic domains of the proteins are what sort transmembrane proteins to endosomes and lysosomes.
The ubiquitination of cytosolic lysine residues also acts as a signal for sorting at different phases of the endosomal-lysosomal system, in addition to peptide motifs.
UIM, UBA, or UBC domains found in numerous parts of the internalization and lysosomal targeting machinery are able to identify conjugated ubiquitin. This intricate network of signals and recognition proteins makes sure that transmembrane proteins are accurately and dynamically distributed to the various endosomal and lysosomal compartments.
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What TWO FACTORS cause the amount of water collected to vary?
30. According to documents you read about the history of DDT, how was the
chemical first perceived by Americans?
as harmful, dangerous, and deadly
as a way to cure cancer, polio, and malaria
as too expensive to maintain production in America
as a groundbreaking solution for several problems
According to documents you read about the history of DDT, it was the chemical first perceived by Americans as harmful, dangerous, and deadly (Option a).
What is Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)?Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an insecticide used in many countries around the world in the past, which was disused due to serious harm to the health of humans and also life treating issues to wild life.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a well-known insecticide that was disused and capable of causing harm to humans and also wild life in the ecosystems.
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A study of the human ecological footprint conducted by the World Wildlife Fund in 2008 shows that ________.
a. we have already exceeded the planet's biocapacity per person
b. we are far below the planet's biocapacity per person
c. the human population will soon crash
d. Earth can sustain a population about double the current population
A study of the human ecological footprint conducted by the World Wildlife Fund in 2008 shows that we have already exceeded the planet's biocapacity per person. The correct answer is choice a.
According to the 2008 Human Ecological Footprint study conducted by the World Wildlife Fund, we have already exceeded the Earth's biocapacity per person.
This means that humanity is consuming more resources than the earth can sustainably provide, leading to environmental degradation and climate change. Adopting more sustainable practices and policies by individuals, communities and governments is critical to ensuring sustainable sustainability.
Earth's biocapacity is the ability of Earth's ecosystems to produce resources and absorb waste and emissions. If humanity's ecological footprint is greater than the Earth's biocapacity, it means that we are using more resources than the planet can sustainably provide, leading to environmental degradation and climate change.
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genes c and d are located on opposite ends of a chromosome that is undergoing crossing-over during meiosis. which of the following outcomes is likely to be true?
Crossing-over between genes c and d located on opposite ends of the same chromosome is likely to result in the offspring inheriting new combinations of alleles, different from either parent. So the correct option is (d.) Both of these answers are true: genes C and D have an increased likelihood of being inherited as a linkage group AND recombination rates for genes C and D will likely exceed 50%.
Genes c and d are located on opposite ends of a chromosome that is undergoing crossing-over during meiosis. This process is essential for the production of genetic variation in offspring and is an essential part of the sexual reproduction process.
Crossing-over occurs when the chromatids of the homologous chromosomes break and exchange segments of DNA. This process shuffles the alleles of the genes, creating new combinations of alleles that are passed on to the offspring. In this case, genes c and d are located on opposite ends of the chromosome and are thus likely to be recombined in the process of crossing-over.
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a. Recombination rates for genes C and D will likely exceed 50%.
b. Genes C and D have an increased likelihood of being inherited as a linkage group.
c. Genes C and D have an increased likelihood of undergoing recombination
d. Both of these answer are true: genes C and D have an increased likelihood of being inherited as a linkage group AND recombination rates for genes C and D will likely exceed 50%.
Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment? Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment?
A. amphibians B. birds C. mammals D. pterosaurs E. dinosaurs
Which of the following are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution by natural selection? The comparison of body structures in modern organisms The comparison of DNA sequences in different organisms The study of the geographic distribution of species on Earth All of the above are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution
The lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution by natural selection include the comparison of body structures in modern organisms, the comparison of DNA sequences in different organisms, and the study of the geographic distribution of species on Earth (all of the above are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution).
What is the theory of evolution by natural selection?The theory of evolution by natural selection is a well-sustained scientific model proposed by Darwin that states species change (evolve) as a consequence of the process of natural selection, which can be defined as the differential survival and reproduction of the more adaptive organism in a given environment.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the theory of evolution by natural selection states that organisms better adapted to environmental conditions have more chances of surviving and reproducing.
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atp hydrolysis is favorable in terms of four factors electrostatics, ionization, resonance, and entropy. the same logic can be used to analyze other biomolecues
Comment can be made on how this hydrolysis would compare to that of ATP as When ΔG is more negative, the reaction tends to progress toward products.
The following two forces have an impact on both the hydrolysis of ATP and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDG): enthalpy and entropy, or to put it another way, the change in free energy, or delta G, is the net driving force for these reactions.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
The reaction has a tendency to progress toward products when ΔG is more negative.
The exothermic reaction of ATP hydrolysis, in which the high-energy phosphate bonds break and release energy, has a ΔG value of -35.7.
When UDG hydrolysis takes place, the phosphate-glucose bond is also broken, releasing a lot of energy with ΔG= -31.9.
A high GΔ indicates that the products of the reaction are much more stable than the reactants and will be more disordered, resulting in an increase in entropy.
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(complete question)
In class, we discussed why ATP was considered a high-energy biomolecule. Its hydrolysis was favorable in terms of four factors: electrostatics, ionization, resonance, and entropy. This same logic can be used to analyze other biomolecules for energy transfer potential. Consider the hydrolysis of uridine phosphoglucose. Comment on how this hydrolysis would compare to that of ATP (consider both sign and magnitude of AG) and how each of the four factors contributes (if at all).
HELP I DONT HAVE MUCH TIME
In photosynthesis, light energy is harvested and used to generate
molecules of _____, which contain high amounts of chemical energy.
Select one:
Carbon dioxide
NADP+
Glucose
Oxygen
Using water and carbon dioxide, glucose is produced during photosynthesis by converting solar energy into chemical energy.
Explain about the photosynthesis?Chemical energy is produced during photosynthesis from solar or radiant energy. The rate of photosynthesis is intimately correlated with the productivity of agricultural crops. For all living things, it supplies oxygen to the atmosphere. The ecosystem's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels are kept in check by it.
The process of creating sugars and starches from carbon dioxide and water, which are the building blocks of photosynthesis, stores some of this chemical energy.
The most well-known examples are plants, since all species—aside from a very small number of parasitic or mycoheterotrophic ones—contain chlorophyll and make their own sustenance. The other important group of eukaryotic photosynthetic creatures is algae.
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Pedigree analysis is often used to determine mode of inheritance (dominant or recessive, for example). Be sure to read the "Tips for Pedigree Analysis" in Figure 14.15 in your text. Consider the following pedigree for the trait albinism (lack of skin pigmentation) in three generations of a family. (Solid symbols represent individuals with albinism.) Complete the unlabeled pedigree by indicating the genotypes for all involved.
In one sense, the term “genotype”—like the term “genome”—refers to the entire set of genes in the cells of an organism. In a narrower sense, however, it can refer to different alleles, or variant forms of a gene, for particular traits, or characteristics.
Based only on a pedigree, you might not always be able to ascertain the genotype of a person. An person may occasionally have homozygous dominant or heterozygous alleles for a characteristic. The relationships between a person and their parents, siblings, and children are frequently used to identify genotypes. The phenotypes of the children can be used to identify the unknown genotype. The unknown individual is homozygous dominant if pairing the recessive phenotypic individual with the unknown dominant phenotype (PP or Pp genotype) results in only dominant phenotypes (no recessive).
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