The Hammond Postulate describes the relationship between the energy of the transition state and the productdistribution in a reaction that is capable of following more than one pathway.
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The Hammond postulate states that reactions which are thermodynamically endothermic and kinetically ___________ have transitions states that occur ___________ in the reacton time frame, and resemble the ___________ in terms of energy and structure.

Answer:

(S)-Pentan-2-ol was treated sequentially with methanesulfonyl chloride (CH3SO2Cl) and then potassium iodide. What is the final product that forms

Explanation:

Alcohols are poor leaving groups.

To make -OH group a better-leaving group, it should be treated with sulfonyl chlorides.

Then, methane sulfonyl group makes will be substituted on the -OH group and forms sulfonyl esters and makes it a better leaving group.

After that treating with KI proceeds through nucleophilic bimolecular substitution and the final product formed is shown below:.

Answer:The green growing on the penny of copper and the rust forming on the nail of iron are chemical changes. Boiling away salt water, scraping iron filings from a mixture of sand with a magnet, and breaking a rock with a hammer, are physical changes.

Explanation:

Answer:

NH4Cl > Li2SO4 > CoCl3

Explanation:

Let us recall that the freezing point depression depends on the molality of the solution and the number of particles present.

Let us also recall that freezing point depression is a colligative property. It depends on the number of particles present in solution.

Usually, the more the number of particles present, the lower the freezing point. Hence, NH4Cl which has only two particles will have the highest freezing point while CoCl3 which has four particles will have the lowest freezing point.

The equation for the energy required to melt 2 kg of gold is 3440 kJ.

Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. It is an essential part of everyday life and is present in many forms, such as thermal energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, and mechanical energy. Energy can be converted from one form to another in order to do work.

The equation for calculating the energy required to melt a certain mass of material is Q = m x Lf, where Q is the energy required (in joules), m is the mass of the material (in kilograms), and Lf is the latent heat of fusion (in joules per kilogram).
Using the table below, we can see that the latent heat of fusion for gold is 1760 kJ/kg. Therefore, the equation for the energy required to melt 2 kg of gold is: Q = 2 kg x 1760 kJ/kg = 3440 kJ.

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Answer:

M=0.549M

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to perform this calculation by firstly assuming we have 1 kg of water as the solvent so that we have 0.550 moles of NaCl as well. Moreover, we realize we have 1000 grams of water and the correct mass of the solution can be calculated by converting 0.550 moles of NaCl to grams by using its molar mass:

[tex]m_{solute}=0.550mol*\frac{58.44 g}{1mol}= 32.14g\\\\m_{solution}=1000g+32.14g=1032.14g[/tex]

And subsequently, the volume in liters by using the density and the correct conversion factor:

[tex]V_{solution}=1032.14g*\frac{1mL}{1.03g} *\frac{1L}{1000mL} =1.002L[/tex]

Finally, the molarity will be:

[tex]M=\frac{0.550mol}{1.002L} =0.549M[/tex]

Regards!

Answer:

B₂O₃

Explanation:

Step 1: Calculate the mass of oxygen in 150 mg of boron oxide

Of 150 mg of boron oxide, 46.6 mg belong to boron. The mass of oxygen is:

150 mg - 46.6 mg = 103.4 mg

Step 2: Calculate the percent by mass of each element

We will use the following expression.

%Element = mElement/mCompound × 100%

%B = 46.6 mg/150 mg × 100% = 31.1%

%O = 103.4 mg/150 mg × 100% = 68.9%

Step 3: Divide each percentage by the atomic mass of the element

B: 31.1/10.81 = 2.88

O: 68.9/16.00 = 4.31

Step 4: Divide both numbers by the smallest one (2.88)

B: 2.88/2.88 = 1

O: 4.31/2.88 ≈ 1.5

Step 5: Multiply both numbers by 2 so that they are integers

B: 1 × 2 = 2

O: 1.5 × 2 = 3

The empirical formula is B₂O₃.

Answer: The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of conservation of energy.

Explanation:

According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat provided to a system is actually the sum of internal energy and work done by the system or on the system.

Mathematically, [tex]\Delta Q = \Delta U + \Delta W[/tex]

The first law of thermodynamics also means that energy can neither be created nor it can be destroyed. Hence, energy is conserved.

Thus, we can conclude that the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of conservation of energy.

Answer:

1) 16.0 moles Al

24.0 moles S

96.0 moles O

2)In 6.10 moles magnesium perchlorate, (Mg(CIO4)2 we have:

6.10 moles Mg

12.2 moles Cl

48.8 moles O

3)4.6 moles of propane (total) contains 13.8 moles of carbon and 36.8 moles of hydrogen atoms

4)The gold coin contains 7.8 *10^22 atoms

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Number of moles of aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3 = 8.00 moles

Step 2: Calculate the number of moles

In 1 mol of aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3 we have:

2 moles of Al

3 moles of S

12 moles of O

This means that in 8.00 moles of aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3 we have:

2*8.00 = 16.0 moles Al

3*8.00 = 24.0 moles S

12*8 = 96.0 moles O

2. Calculate the number of moles of magnesium, chlorine, and oxygen atoms in 6.10 moles of magnesium perchlorate, (Mg(CIO4)2

1 mol of magnesium perchlorate, (Mg(CIO4)2 has:

1 Mol of Mg

2 moles of Cl

8 moles of O

In 6.10 moles magnesium perchlorate, (Mg(CIO4)2 we have:

1 * 6.10 moles = 6.10 moles Mg

2*6.10 = 12.2 moles Cl

8*6.10 = 48.8 moles O

3. A sample of propane, C3H8, contains 13.8 moles of carbon atoms. How many total moles of atoms does the sample contain?

In 1 mol of propane, C3H8 we have:

3 moles of C and 8 moles of H

This means if we have 13.8 moles of carbon, we have 13.8/3 = 4.6 moles of propane, C3H8 and 4.6 *8 = 36.8 moles of H

So 4.6 moles of propane contains 13.8 moles of carbon and 36.8 moles of hydrogen atoms

4. A rare gold coin (24 karat, or 100% gold) has a mass of 25.54 g. How many atoms of gold are present in this coin?

Calculate moles of gold:

Moles = mass of gold / molar mass gold

Moles = 25.54 grams / 196.97 g/mol

Moles = 0.1297 moles

Calculate atoms:

Number of atoms = moles * number of Avogadro

0.1297 * 6.022 *10^23 = 7.8 *10^22 atoms

The gold coin contains 7.8 *10^22 atoms

Answer: The statement it is endothermic because the energy required to break bonds in the reactants is less than the energy released when the products are formed, is true.

Explanation:

A chemical reaction in which heat energy  is released is called an exothermic reaction. For exothermic reactions, the value of [tex]\Delta H[/tex] is always negative.

A chemical reaction in which heat energy is absorbed is called an endothermic reaction. For endothermic reaction, the value of [tex]\Delta H[/tex] is always positive.

In endothermic reactions, energy required for breaking the bonds between reactants is less than the energy when products are formed due to which the value of [tex]\Delta H[/tex] remains positive.

Thus, we can conclude that the statement it is endothermic because the energy required to break bonds in the reactants is less than the energy released when the products are formed, is true.

It is endothermic because the energy required to break bonds in the reactants is greater than the energy released when the products are formed. The correct option is B.

The above reaction is endothermic because more energy is produced when new bonds form in the products (H = 920 kJ/mol) than is required to break bonds in the reactants (H = -750 kJ/mol).

In an endothermic process, more energy than is generated during bond creation is absorbed from the environment to dissolve existing bonds. This causes a net absorption of energy, which cools the system.

The reaction takes more energy than it releases, proving its endothermic nature, as seen by the positive difference between the energy needed to dissolve bonds and the energy released during bond formation.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Your question seems incomplete, the probable complete question is:

During a reaction, ΔH for reactants is −750 kJ/mol and ΔH for products is 920 kJ/mol. Which statement is correct about the reaction? (5 points)

Group of answer choices

A. It is endothermic because the energy required to break bonds in the reactants is less than the energy released when the products are formed.

B. It is endothermic because the energy required to break bonds in the reactants is greater than the energy released when the products are formed.

C. It is exothermic because the energy required to break bonds in the reactants is less than the energy released when the products are formed.

D. It is exothermic because the energy required to break bonds in the reactants is greater than the energy released when the products are formed.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

All molecules possess the London dispersion forces. However London dispersion forces is the only kind of intermolecular interaction that exists in nonpolar substances.

So, the only kind of intermolecular interaction that exists in dimethyl ether is London dispersion forces.

As for ethyl alcohol, the molecule is polar due to the presence of polar O-H bond. In addition to London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions and specifically hydrogen bonding also occurs between the molecules.

Because ethyl alcohol is polar, it is more soluble in water than dimethyl ether.

the answer is silicon!!

Answer: Sugar is added to water and initially completely dissolves, but eventually solid sugar collects on the bottom of the container. Sugar and water are both partially miscible. This produces a dynamic equilibrium. Ethanol (a liquid) is added to water and only a single layer is observed no matter how much ethanol is added. Ethanol and water are miscible.

Explanation:

When a substance (solute) dissolves partially in a solvent then it is known as partially miscible in the solvent. In such cases, a small amount of solute remains at the bottom of solution.

If a solute dissolves completely in solvent like water such that only one layer is seen in the solution then it means that the solute is miscible in solvent.

Thus, we can conclude that sugar is added to water and initially completely dissolves, but eventually solid sugar collects on the bottom of the container. Sugar and water are both partially miscible. This produces a dynamic equilibrium. Ethanol (a liquid) is added to water and only a single layer is observed no matter how much ethanol is added. Ethanol and water are miscible.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Equation of the reaction;

Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) -------> 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Number of moles of Na2CO3 = 21.2g/106g/mol = 0.2 moles Na2CO3

Number of moles of HCl = 21.9g/36.5g/mol = 0.6 moles of HCl

1 mole of Na2CO3 reacts with 2 moles of HCl

0.2 moles of Na2CO3 reacts with 0.2 × 2/1 = 0.4 moles of HCl

Hence Na2CO3 is the limiting reactant

Since there is 0.6 moles of HCl present, the number of moles of excess reagent=

0.6 moles - 0.4 moles = 0.2 moles of HCl

1 mole of Na2CO3 forms 1 mole of water

0.2 moles of Na2CO3 forms 0.2 moles of water

Number of molecules of water formed = 0.2 moles × 6.02 × 10^23 = 1.2 × 10^23 molecules of water

1 mole of Na2CO3 yields 1 mole of CO2

0.2 moles of Na2CO3 yields 0.2 moles of CO2

1 mole of CO2 occupies 22.4 L

0.2 moles of CO2 occupies 0.2 × 22.4 = 4.48 L at STP

Hence;

V1=4.48 L

T1 = 273 K

P1= 760 mmHg

T2 = 27°C + 273 = 300 K

P2 = 760 mmHg

V2 =

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

P1V1T2 = P2V2T1

V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1

V2 = 760 × 4.48 × 300/760 × 273

V2= 4.9 L

The limiting reactant is the reactant that determines the amount of product formed in a reaction. When the limiting reactant is exhausted, the reaction stops.

Answer:

Yes. The solution would be optically active.

Explanation:

Diastereomer are defined as the image that is non mirror and non -identical. It is made up of two stereoisomers. They are formed when the two stereoisomers or more than two stereoisomers of the compound have the same configuration at the equivalent stereocenters.

In the given context, as the product given is a diastereomeric mixture, the product would have an optical activity in total.

So the answer is Yes.

Answer:

v2=5.11L

Explanation:

given

v1=2.58L

N1=0.118mol

N2=0.234

v2=x

according to charles law V1/N1=V2/N2

2.58/0.118=V2/0.234

21.86=V2/0.234

21.86×0.234= v2

5.116L=v2

5.116L is the

answer or u can simplify it and make 5.1 L

Answer:

SN1 substitution reaction

Explanation:

cyclohexanol is a secondary alkanol. The mechanism of acid catalysed dehydration of cyclohexanol involves the protonation of the -OH group.

This is followed by loss of water which is a good leaving group. At this stage, a proton could be abstracted to yield cyclohexene by E1 mechanism or an SN1 substitution reaction may occur to yield Cyclohexyl chloride.

The both reactions are equally likely.

Answer:

The material properties of nanostructures are different from the bulk due to the high surface area over volume ratio and possible appearance of quantum effects at the nanoscale. ... Yu; they found that the structural distortions on the quantum dots depend both on the kind of dopant and on the size of the dots.

Explanation:

hope it helps

Answer:

The student completed the experiment correctly and there were no errors in the experiment.

Explanation:

When a pea size amount of K2CO3 is dropped into a solution of HCl, the following reaction occurs;

K2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) ----> 2KCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

The gas CO2 does not support burning hence, when the student performed a splint test and observed that the splint was extinguished when he placed the splint into the test tube of the gas.

Hence, the experiment was properly conducted and the student completed the experiment correctly and there were no errors in the experiment.

Answer:

747.5 mL

Explanation:

Assuming ideal behaviour, we can solve this problem by using Boyle's law, which states that at constant temperature:

Where in this case:

We input the data given by the problem:

And solve for V₁:

answer

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Answer:

7.6×10¹⁰

Explanation:

7.296×10²÷9.6×10⁻⁹

To solve such problem,

We group the whole number ans solved seperately and also group the indices and solve the seperately

Step1 : 7.296/9.6 = 0.76

Step 2: applying the law of indices,

10²÷10⁻⁹ = 10⁽²⁺⁹⁾ = 10¹¹

Therefore,

7.296×10²÷9.6×10⁻⁹ = 0.76×10¹¹ = 7.6×10¹⁰

Answer:

When SO

2

is passed through an acidified solution of H

2

S, sulphur is precipitated out according to the reaction.

2H

2

S+SO

2

→2H

2

O+3S

Answer:

a) NH₄NO₃ ⇒ N₂O + 2 H₂O

b) 1.69 × 10²³ molecules

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation

NH₄NO₃ ⇒ N₂O + 2 H₂O

Step 2: Convert 11.2 g of NH₄NO₃ to moles

The molar mass of NH₄NO₃ is 80.04 g/mol.

11.2 g × 1 mol/80.04 g = 0.140 mol

Step 3: Calculate the moles of H₂O produced

0.140 mol NH₄NO₃ × 2 mol H₂O/1 mol NH₄NO₃ = 0.280 mol H₂O

Step 4: Calculate the number of molecules in 0.280 moles of water

We will use Avogadro's number.

0.280 mol × 6.02 × 10²³ molecules/1 mol = 1.69 × 10²³ molecules

Answer:

unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature,are different from saturated fat because they contain one or more double bonds and fewer hydrogen atoms on their carbon chain.

Answer:be careful and relax

Explanation:

Answer:

Hahaha be careful and relax

Answer:

a. The student performed the splint test incorrectly. He should of observed a popping sound when the splint was placed in the test tube.

Explanation:

It is given that a student performed an experiment where he dropped a nickel metal in to HCl solution. He observed the reaction and performed a splint test in the test tube that is filled with a gas which is formed while Nickle is dropped into the solution of HCl.

But the experiment that the student performed was incorrect. He must have observed the popping sound when the splint was placed in the test tube.

When the splint was added to the gas splint flared up. The hydrogen gas pops out when exposed to the flame.

[tex]$Ni + HCl(aq) = NiCl + H_2$[/tex]

Thus the correct option is (a).

Answer:

The volume of the gas is fixed and will not change.

Explanation:

The volume of the gas will not change because there is no change in temperature. Temperature increases the volume of gases enclosed in a container.

Answer:

14 moles of oxygen needed to produce 12 moles of H2O.

Explanation:

We are given that balance eqaution

[tex]2C_2H_6+7O_2\rightarrow 4CO_2+6H_2O[/tex]

We have to find number of moles of O2 needed  to produce 12 moles of H2O.

From given equation

We can see that

6 moles of   H2O produced by Oxygen =7 moles

1 mole of   H2O produced by Oxygen=[tex]\frac{7}{6}[/tex]moles

12 moles of H2O produced by Oxygen=[tex]\frac{7}{6}\times 12[/tex]moles

12 moles of H2O produced by Oxygen=[tex]7\times 2[/tex]moles

12 moles of H2O produced by Oxygen=14 moles

Hence, 14 moles of oxygen needed to produce 12 moles of H2O.

The amount of oxygen required for the combustion of ethane to produce 12 moles of water is 14 moles.

The moles of oxygen produced in the reaction can be given from the stoichiometric law of the balanced chemical equation.

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethane is:

[tex]\rm 2\;C_2H_6\;+\;7\;O_2\;\rightarrow\;4\;CO_2\;+\;6\;H_2O[/tex]

The 6 moles of water are produced from 7 moles of oxygen. The moles of oxygen required to produce 12 moles of water are:

[tex]\rm 6\;mol\;H_2O=7\;mol\;Oxygen\\12\;mol\;H_2O=\dfrac{7}{6}\;\times\;12\;mol\;O_2\\ 12\;mol\;H_2O=14\;mol\;O_2[/tex]

The moles of oxygen required to produce 12 moles of water are 14 moles.

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Answer:

41264 g of CO₂

Explanation:

Combustion reaction is:

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ →  3CO₂  +  4H₂O

1 mol of propane react to 5 moles of oxygen in order to proudce 3 moles of carbon dioxide and 4 moles of water.

In a combustion reaction, our reactant reacts to oxygen and the products are always CO₂ and water.

We have the volume of propane but we need moles of it, so we need to apply density.

Density = mass / volume so mass = density . volume.

Density of propane is: 493 g/L

Mass of propane is 493 g/L . 27.9L = 13754.7 g

We convert mass to moles: 13754.7 g . 1 mol/ 44g = 312.6 moles

According to reaction, 1 mol of propane can produce 3 moles of CO₂

Our 312.6 moles will produce 312.6 . 3 = 937.8 moles

We convert moles to mass: 937.8 mol . 44 g/mol = 41264 g