The heat of reaction = (sum of energy released in products) - (sum of energy required in reactants)
= 3454 kJ/mol - 2642 kJ/mol
= 812 kJ/mol
The heat of reaction for a chemical reaction can be calculated by finding the sum of the bond energies of the products and subtracting that from the sum of the bond energies of the reactants:
The heat of reaction = Sum of the energy for the bonds broken − Sum of the energy for the bonds formed
= Sum of reactant bond energies − Sum of product bond energies
When calculating the sum of the bond energies, each bond in the reaction must be accounted for.
[tex]CH_{4} + 2O_{2} → CO_{2} + 2H_{2} O[/tex]
Reactants:
1 mole of CH4 has 4 C-H bonds, each with an average bond dissociation energy of 413 kJ/mol, so the total energy required to break these bonds is 4 x 413 kJ/mol = 1652 kJ/mol.
2 moles of O2 have 2 O=O bonds, each with an average bond dissociation energy of 495 kJ/mol, so the total energy required to break these bonds is 2 x 495 kJ/mol = 990 kJ/mol.
Therefore, the total energy required to break the bonds in the reactants is 1652 kJ/mol + 990 kJ/mol = 2642 kJ/mol.
Products:
1 mole of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] has 2 C=O bonds, each with an average bond dissociation energy of 799 kJ/mol, so the total energy released by the formation of these bonds is 2 x 799 kJ/mol = 1598 kJ/mol.
2 moles of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] have 2 O-H bonds and 2 H-O bonds, each with an average bond dissociation energy of 464 kJ/mol, so the total energy released by the formation of these bonds is 2 x (2 x 464 kJ/mol) = 1856 kJ/mol.
Therefore, the total energy released by the formation of the bonds in the products is 1598 kJ/mol + 1856 kJ/mol = 3454 kJ/mol.
Now we can calculate the heat of the reaction by subtracting the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants from the energy released by the formation of the bonds in the products:
The heat of reaction = (sum of energy released in products) - (sum of energy required in reactants)
= 3454 kJ/mol - 2642 kJ/mol
= 812 kJ/mol
Therefore, the heat of reaction for the given reaction is 812 kJ/mol to three significant figures.
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1. How can food handlers reduce bacteria to safe levels when prepping vegetables for hot holding?
O Cook the vegetables to the correct internal temperature.
O Prep root vegetables before prepping green, leafy vegetables
Option (A) is correct. To reduce bacteria to safe levels when prepping vegetables for hot holding food handlers cook vegetables to the correct internal temperature.
There are three major factors in reducing bacteria from the vegetables. The first is to reduce the total number of bacteria present in the food before you prepare your food, the second is to use proper equipment and technique during preparation of food and the third step is to maintain food temperatures properly at correct temperature when serving your food. To reduce pathogens in food to safe levels food handlers need to cook it to its required minimum internal temperature. Once the temperature is reached handler must hold the food at that temperature for a specific amount of time. And most important is to cook the vegetable at minimum temperature and immediately allow it to cool completely.
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The complete question is,
How can food handlers reduce bacteria to safe levels when prepping vegetables for hot holding?
A. Cook the vegetables to the correct internal temperature.
B. Prep root vegetables before prepping green, leafy vegetables
An element has an electron configuration of [Ar]4s^2 3d^10 4p^5. Which of the following is/are TRUE about the element? Select ALL statements that are true about the element. a. The element is Se. b. The element is a halogen c. The element has one fewer electron than the following noble gas. d. When the element reacts with a metal, the elements tends to gain one electron to form an anion with a 1-charge.
An element with an electron configuration of [Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵ is Bromine(Br). The statements that are true about the element are B, C, and D.
A. The element is Bromine(Br). Bromine is a nonmetal and belongs to the family of elements called halogens, which is group 17. It is situated in period four of the periodic table. The electron configuration of Se is [Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵, which shows that it contains seven valence electrons.
Therefore, the statement "The element is Se" is incorrect.
B. Br is a halogen because it belongs to group 17, and all halogens possess a similar electron configuration, which is ns²np. Therefore, the element is a halogen and the statement is true.
C. Br has one less electron than the previous noble gas (Krypton) because Br has 35 electrons, whereas Kr has 36 electrons. So the statement "The element has one fewer electron than the following noble gas" is true.
D. The tendency of the element Br to gain one electron when it reacts with the metal to form a negatively charged ion is due to its valence electron configuration. Because Br contains seven valence electrons, it prefers to gain 1 electron and form an anion with a -1 charge. Therefore statement D is also true.
Overall, All the statements are TRUE except for statement A.
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in the catalytic triad, what is the purpose of the aspartic acid residue?
In the catalytic triad, the purpose of the aspartic acid residue is to activate the serine residue by removing a hydrogen ion (H+) from the serine residue, causing it to become a highly reactive alkoxide ion.
The catalytic triad is a trio of amino acid residues that play a significant role in catalyzing reactions in a diverse range of enzymes. The residues found in the triad are typically present in the active site of an enzyme, where they work together to catalyze a reaction.Aside from the aspartic acid residue, the catalytic triad also contains two other amino acid residues: serine and histidine. These three residues work together to carry out the enzyme's function. In the case of the aspartic acid residue, its primary role is to activate the serine residue by removing a hydrogen ion (H+) from the serine residue, causing it to become a highly reactive alkoxide ion. This highly reactive ion then goes on to react with the enzyme's substrate, resulting in the desired reaction.Catalytic triads are found in a variety of enzymes, including chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase. Each of these enzymes has a slightly different catalytic triad that is uniquely suited to catalyzing the specific reaction the enzyme carries out.
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How many covalent bonds are generally formed by atoms with five valence electrons?
Atoms with five valence electrons typically form three covalent bonds.
This is because atoms tend to form enough bonds to complete their outermost shell, which typically requires eight valence electrons (the octet rule). In the case of an atom with five valence electrons, it needs to gain three electrons to complete its outer shell. However, it is often easier for the atom to share three electrons with other atoms through covalent bonding, resulting in three covalent bonds being formed. This is commonly seen with elements such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which have five valence electrons in their outermost shells.
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which type of reaction involves the breakdown of a polymer into monomers
The type of reaction that involves the breakdown of a polymer into monomers is called hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water molecules are used to break the covalent bonds that hold together the monomers in a polymer chain. During hydrolysis, water molecules are added to the polymer, causing the bonds between the monomers to break apart, and the polymer to break down into its constituent monomers. This process is the reverse of dehydration synthesis, which is the chemical reaction used to build polymers from monomers by removing water molecules.
Hydrolysis is an important process in biology, as it is used to break down complex molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids into simpler components that can be used by the cell.
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Give the approximate bond angle for a molecule with a tetrahedral shape.
90o
105o
109.5o
120o
180o
A molecule with a tetrahedral shape has an approximate bond angle of 109.5 degrees. The correct option is 3.
This is due to the arrangement of the four electron pairs around the central atom, which maximizes the distance between them to minimize repulsion and achieve a stable configuration. In a tetrahedral molecule, the central atom is located at the center of a tetrahedron, with four surrounding atoms or lone pairs located at each of the tetrahedron's vertices. The four bonds or lone pairs form a tetrahedral arrangement around the central atom, with bond angles of 109.5 degrees between them. Examples of tetrahedral molecules include methane (CH4) and carbon tetrafluoride (CF4). Option 3 is correct.
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--The complete question is, Give the approximate bond angle for a molecule with a tetrahedral shape.
1. 90o
2. 105o
3. 109.5o
4. 120o
5. 180o ---
Conclude Is the element silicon likely to form ionic or covalent bonds? Explain.
what is the [H3O+] and the pH of a buffer that consists of 0.41 M HNO2 and 0.66 M KNO2? (Ka of HNO2=7.1x10^-4)
The pH of the buffer can be calculated using the equation pH=-log[H3O+], which gives pH = -log(2.9x10^-4) = 3.54.
PH is the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, expressed in base 10 as the negative logarithm of the H ion concentration.
The [H3O+] and pH of a buffer that consists of 0.41 M HNO2 and 0.66 M KNO2 can be calculated using the Ka value of HNO2, which is 7.1x10^-4.
The [H3O+] is equal to the concentration of the acidic component (HNO2) times Ka, so [H3O+]= 0.41 M * 7.1x10^-4 = 2.9x10^-4 M.
The pH of the buffer can be calculated using the equation pH=-log[H3O+], which gives pH = -log(2.9x10^-4) = 3.54.
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Which one of the following compounds behaves as an acid when dissolved in water?
A. RaO
B. RbOH
C. C4H10
D. HI
The compound that behaves as an acid when dissolved in water is HI (hydrogen iodide). Thus, the correct option will be D.
What is an acid?HI is an Arrhenius acid, meaning it produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution. The compound that behaves as an acid when dissolved in the water Hydrogen iodide (HI). HI is a diatomic molecule and a colorless gas at room temperature.
Hydrogen iodide is a strong acid when dissolved in water, with a pKa of −10. Hydrogen iodide is also used as a reducing agent in organic chemistry in the production of iodinated compounds.
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Classify the compounds as a strong acid, weak acid, strong base, or weak base.Strong acid ______Weak acid ______Strong base ______Weak base ______Aswer Bank : HI, HCN, NH3, Sr(OH)2, H2S03, H2S04, LiOH
Strong acid: H₂SO₄
Weak acid: H₂SO₃, HCN
Strong base: Sr(OH)₂, LiOH
Weak base: NH₃, H₂S
Acids are chemical compounds that, when dissolved in water, release hydrogen ions (H+). Their sour taste, capacity to make litmus paper red, and propensity to combine with bases to produce salts and water are what distinguish them. Depending on how much an acid dissociates in water, it can be characterised as either a strong or weak acid.
In water, strong acids like sulfuric and hydrochloric acid totally dissociate to create H+ ions and anions. In water, weak acids like acetic acid and carbonic acid only partially dissociate.
Acids play an important role in many chemical reactions and are used in various applications such as food and beverage processing, pharmaceuticals, and cleaning agents.
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Buffer solutions containing Na2CO3 and NaHCO3range in pH from 10.0 to 11.0. The chemical equation below represents the equilibrium between CO32- and H2O, and the table lists the composition of four different buffer solutions at 25°C.CO32- (aq) + H2O (l) ⇄ HCO3- (aq) + OH- (aq);Kb= 2.1 × 10-4 at 25°CBuffer [NaHCO3] Na2CO3 pH1 0.150 0.100 ?2 0.200 0.200 10.323 0.100 0.100 10.324 0.100 0.200 ?Which of the following chemical equilibrium equations best shows what happens in the buffer solutions to minimize the change in pH when a small amount of a strong base is added?A. H3O+(aq) + OH−(aq) ⇄ 2 H2O(l)B. HCO3−(aq)+ OH−(aq) ⇄ CO32−(aq) + H2O(l)C. CO32−(aq) + H3O+(aq) ⇄ HCO3−(aq) +H2O(l)D. CO32−(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ HCO3−(aq)+ OH−(aq)
The correct answer is D. [tex]CO_3^{2-}(aq) + H_ 2O(l) \rightleftharpoons HCO_3^-(aq) + OH^-(aq)[/tex]. This chemical equilibrium equation best shows what happens in the buffer solutions to minimize the change in pH when a small amount of a strong base is added.
Buffer solutions containing [tex]Na_2CO_3[/tex] and [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex] range in pH from 10.0 to 11.0. The chemical equation given represents the equilibrium between [tex]CO_3^{2-}[/tex] and [tex]H_2O[/tex], and the table lists the composition of four different buffer solutions at 25°C. When a small amount of a strong base is added to a buffer solution, the pH will start to increase. This equation helps to minimize the change in pH by shifting the equilibrium so that the concentration of [tex]HCO_3^-[/tex] is increased. This decreases the concentration of [tex]OH^-[/tex] and the pH increases less than it would if the equilibrium had not shifted.
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what is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in a water molecule?
During the formation of a water molecule, we focus on the oxygen atom. In hybridization of H2O, the oxygen atom is sp3hybridized.
For the weak acid, identify the expression for the acid ionization constant Ka. Ο Κa= (H2O|HSO2)/(H,SO3] O Ka = [H3O+](HSO3) /H2SO3) O Ka = [H30*](HSO3")[S03?-) /(H2SO3) O KA= [H3O+] [HSO"][S02?") /(H2SO3]
For the weak acid, the expression for the acid ionization constant Ka is given by the equation O Ka = [H3O+](HSO3) /H2SO3.
How to find acid ionization constant Ka?
The acid ionization constant Ka of a weak acid HA is given by the equation shown below, where [H3O+] represents the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution, and [A-] represents the conjugate base of the acid. Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
It is possible to calculate the acid dissociation constant of a weak acid by measuring the degree of ionization of the acid. A higher degree of ionization indicates a stronger acid, while a lower degree of ionization indicates a weaker acid.
The acid ionization constant Ka is used to compare the strengths of various acids.
The correct option is O Ka = [H3O+](HSO3) /H2SO3). The acid ionization constant Ka for a weak acid is the equilibrium constant for the ionization reaction of the acid. The acid ionization constant for a weak acid, Ka, is expressed as:
Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
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A chemistry student is given 650. mL of a clear aqueous solution at 33.° C. He is told an unknown amount of a certain compound X is dissolved in the solution. The student allows the solution to cool to 17.9 C. At that point, the student sees that a precipitate has formed. He pours off the remaining liquid solution, throws away the precipitate, and evaporates the water from the remaining liquid solution under vacuum. More precipitate forms. The student washes dries and weighs the additional precipitate. It weighs 0.150 kg.-Using only the information solubility above, can you calculate solubility of X in water at 17.°cYes/ No.-If you said yes, calculate itBe sure your answer has a unit symbol and the right number of significant digits
Yes, the solubility of X in water at 17°C can be calculated using the given information. The solubility of X is 0.00118 kg/L.
What is the solubility of compound?To determine the solubility, we need to assume that all of the X is dissolved in the solution and use the solubility of X at 33°C.
Solubility of X at 33°C = 12.0 g/L = 0.012 kg/L
Volume of solution = 650 mL = 0.65 L
Therefore, the initial mass of X in the solution is: 0.012 kg/L × 0.65 L = 0.0078 kg
Now we need to determine the final mass of X in the solution after cooling. Since a precipitate has formed, we know that some of the X has come out of solution. Let's assume that all of the additional precipitate that formed came from X. Therefore, the final mass of X in the solution is: 0.0078 kg - 0.150 kg = 0.00765 kg = 7.65 g
Now we can use the final mass of X and the volume of the remaining liquid solution to calculate the solubility of X at 17°C.
Solubility of X at 17.9°C = mass of X / volume of solution at 17.9°C = 7.65 g / 0.65 L = 11.8 g/L = 0.0118 kg/L
Therefore, the solubility of X in water at 17°C is 0.0118 kg/L.
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A container of nitrogen gas contains 0.55 mol at 8.0 atm and 45C, and it has a volume of 2.0L. What volume will 1.20 mol of nitrogen have at 7.0 atm and 45C?
A 0.45L
B 4.5L
C 9.5L
D 0.95L
Answer:
B - 4.5 L.
Explanation:
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where are positively charged particles found in an atom?
The positively charged particles found in nucleus of an atom and those are called protons.
Protons are found in the nucleus of the atom. This is a tiny, dense region at the center of the atom. Protons have a positive electrical charge of one (+1) and a mass of 1 atomic mass unit which is about 1.67×10−27 kilograms. There are 2 types of particles in the nucleus. Those particles are neutrons and protons. The positively particle called as protons have unit positive charge and neutrons are neutral in charge.
An atom is defined as a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. This consists of a central nucleus that is surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. It is evident that the nucleus is positively charged and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.
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select all ions that are produced when kcl is dissolved in water group of answer choices cl- k- k cl
When KCl is dissolved in water, the following ions are produced: K+ and Cl-.
The solution of an ionic compound dissolved in water will be broken into ions, with the positive ions separated from the negative ions. The cation, which is positively charged, is usually a metal, while the anion, which is negatively charged, is usually a non-metallic element or a group of atoms. When a solute dissolves in water, it forms an electrolyte, which is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water.
KCl, or potassium chloride, is an ionic compound. It is a white crystalline powder with a salt-like taste that dissolves in water. It is used in food processing as a sodium replacement, in medicine as a potassium supplement, and in industrial chemical synthesis and manufacturing.
The chemical formula of KCl is K+Cl-. Potassium chloride (KCl) consists of K+ ions and Cl- ions. In water, these ions disassociate (separate) to produce K+ ions and Cl- ions. So, when KCl is dissolved in water, the ions K+ and Cl- are formed. The answer is K+ and Cl-.
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why don’t we change the subscripts in order to balance an equation?
Answer:
Because if we changed the subscript number we will change the identity of the compound and we Well creat a new compound or substance different than what they gave us to balance also the law of conservation of mass states that the mass cannot be created nor destroyed.
Explanation:
Density is a physical property that relates the mass of a substance to its volume. a) Calculate the density (in g/mL) of a liquid that has a mass of 0.155 g and a volume of 0.000275 L.
a- calculate the density (in g/mL) of a liquid has mass of 0.155 g and a volume of 0.000275L
b) Calculate the volume in milliliters of a 4.83-g sample of a solid with a density of 3.03 g/mL.
c) Calculate the mass of a 0.285-mL sample of a liquid with density 0.789 g/mL.
The density of the liquid is 0.562 g/mL, the volume in milliliters is about 1.59 mL, and the mass of 0.285mL sample is about 0.224 grams.
What is density?The formula for density is as follows:
Density = mass/volume
Density = 0.155 g/0.000275 L= 562.1 g/L
We know that, 1 L = 1000 mL
So, Density = 562.1 g/L × 1 L/1000 mL= 0.562 g/mL
The density of the given liquid is 0.562 g/mL.
Density = mass/volume
Rearranging the above formula we get,
Volume = mass/density
Density = 3.03 g/mL, Mass = 4.83 g
Volume = 4.83 g/3.03 g/mL= 1.59 mL
Therefore, the volume in milliliters of a 4.83 g sample of a solid with a density of 3.03 g/mL is 1.59 mL.
Mass = density × volume
M = D × V
Density = 0.789 g/mL, Volume = 0.285 mL
Mass = 0.789 g/mL × 0.285 mL= 0.224 g
Therefore, the mass of a 0.285-mL sample of a liquid with density 0.789 g/mL is 0.224 g.
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Find the pH at four points and sketch the titration curve for the titration of 20.0 mL of 0.200 M hypobromous acid, HBrO, with 0.140 M potassium hydroxide, KOH. K, = 2.5x10-9 In order to receive points you must show your work in detail and label each part of the titration curve with a definition of the significance of that particular.
The curve will have the points (0, 8.04), (halfway, 8.04), (equivalence point, 8.04), and (endpoint, 14). The points can then be connected to create a graph of the pH over the course of the titration.
At the start of the titration, before any KOH has been added, the concentration of HBrO is 0.200 M and the concentration of KOH is 0.000 M, so the pH can be calculated as:
pH = 8.04 + log ([0.000]/[0.200]) = 8.04 + log (0) = 8.04.
When the equivalence point is reached, the concentrations of the two reactants are equal, so the pH can be calculated as:
pH = 8.04 + log ([0.200]/[0.200]) = 8.04 + log (1) = 8.04.
At the end of the titration, when all of the KOH has been added, the concentration of KOH is 0.140 M and the concentration of HBrO is 0.000 M, so the pH can be calculated as:
pH = 14 + log ([0.140]/[0.000]) = 14 + log (infinity) = 14.
Using these four points, a titration curve can be drawn to represent the pH of the solution throughout the titration. The curve will have the points (0, 8.04), (halfway, 8.04), (equivalence point, 8.04), and (endpoint, 14). The points can then be connected to create a graph of the pH over the course of the titration.
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arrange the amino acids coded for in the translation portion of the interactive in the correct order, starting with the first amino acid at the top.
The correct order of the amino acids in the translation portion is Methionine-Leucine-Histidine-Glycine-Glutamine-Threonine-Arginine, assuming Methionine is the first amino acid.
The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the sequence of codons in the mRNA transcript during the process of translation. The given sequence of amino acids: leucine, histidine, glycine, methionine, glutamine, threonine, and arginine, represents the sequence of amino acids coded for in the translation portion. The first amino acid is usually methionine, which serves as the start codon in most protein-coding genes. Thus, assuming methionine is the first amino acid, the correct order would be a methionine, leucine, histidine, glycine, glutamine, threonine, and arginine. This sequence of amino acids forms a polypeptide chain that would fold into a specific protein with a unique three-dimensional structure, which ultimately determines its function in the cell.
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a saturated a g c l solution was analyzed and found to contain 1.25 x 10-5 m a g ions. use this value to calculate the k s p of a g c l .
AgCl is an insoluble salt. In water, it ionizes into Ag+ and Cl- ions. The equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction of AgCl is known as Ksp.
The molar solubility of a sparingly soluble salt is defined as the amount of the salt dissolved in water to form a saturated solution at a given temperature. The Ksp expression can be used to determine the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt like AgCl.
Saturated solution refers to a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature.
To calculate the Ksp of AgCl in this solution, the molar solubility must first be determined. The number of Ag+ ions in solution is given as 1.25 x 10^-5 M.
According to the balanced equation:
AgCl ↔ Ag+ + Cl-
Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-] = (1.25 x 10^-5 M)(1.25 x 10^-5 M)
Ksp = 1.56 x 10^-10
Since, the value of Ksp is extremely small, it indicates that AgCl is a sparingly soluble salt.
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A balloon has a volume of 800.0 mL on a day when the temperature is 308 K. If the temperature at night falls to 263 K, what will be the volume of the balloon?
The volume of the balloon at a temperature of 263 K will be approximately 683.1 mL.
What will be the volume of the balloon?Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure.
This means that the volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional to each other as long as the pressure is constant.
It is expressed as:
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
Where V₁ and T₁ are the initial volume and temperature, V₂ is the final volume, and T₂ is the final temperature.
Given that:
V₁ = 800.0 mLT₁ = 308 KT₂ = 263 KSolving for V₂, we get:
V₂ = V₁T₂ / T₁
V₂ = ( 800 × 263 ) / 308
V₂ = 210400 / 308
V₂ = 683.1 mL
Therefore, the volume is 683.1 mL.
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When we say that liquid water is unstable on Mars, we mean that
a) a cup of water would shake uncontrollably
b) it is impossible for liquid water to exist on the surface
c) any liquid water on the surface would quickly either freeze or evaporate
When we say that liquid water is unstable on Mars, we mean that any liquid water on the surface would quickly either freeze or evaporate. The correct option is c.
Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in the Solar System, with a diameter of around 6,779 kilometers (4,212 miles) and a day length of around 24.6 hours. It's also known as the Red Planet because of its reddish appearance. It is a terrestrial planet, which means that it is similar in structure and composition to Earth.The temperature on Mars:The temperature on Mars can be as cold as -143 degrees Celsius and as high as 35 degrees
Mars also has a very low atmospheric pressure, making it difficult for humans to live on the planet. "Water is a vital component for life as we know it, but it is also a challenging molecule to handle becau'se of its complicated properties. On Mars, the presence of water is vital to determining whether or not the planet could have supported life in the past, now, or in the future. Therefore, the correct option is c.
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JOHN NEWLANDS REASON OF FAILURE
Answer: The law was applicable only to calcium. It could not include other elements beyond calcium. With the discovery of rare gases, it was the ninth element and not the eighth element having similar chemical properties.
Explanation:
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a scientist dilutes 50.0 ml of a ph 5.85 solution of hcl to 1.00 l. what is the ph of the diluted solution (kw
A scientist dilutes 50.0 ml of a pH 5.85 solution of HCl to 1.00 L. The pH of the diluted solution (Kw = 1.0 × 10-14) is approximately 1.85.
PH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution. A decrease in the pH of a solution means that the H+ concentration has increased.
The following formula can be used to calculate the pH of a solution:
pH = -log[H+]
The number of hydrogen ions per liter of solution is referred to as the hydrogen ion concentration [H+]. In addition, the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration may be calculated using the following formula:
[H+] [OH-] = 1.0 × 10-14
The pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation given below:
5.85 = -log[H+]5.85 = -log[H+]H+ = 1.38 x 10-6
The number of moles of HCl in 50 mL of a 5.85 pH solution is 0.00138 mol. The number of moles of HCl after dilution to 1.00 L can be determined using the equation below:
n1V1 = n2V2
0.00138 mol x 50 ml = n2 x 1.00 LN2 = 0.0000276 mol
After dilution, the HCl concentration is 0.0000276 moles/liter. The hydroxide ion concentration [OH-] in the solution can be determined using the formula given below:
[H+] [OH-] = 1.0 × 10-140.0000276 [OH-] = 1.0 × 10-14[OH-] = 3.6 x 10-10 mol/L
The pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation given below:
pH = -log[H+]pH = -log(3.6 × 10-10)pH = 9.44
The pH of the diluted solution (Kw = 1.0 × 10-14) is approximately 1.85.
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True or False : A scientific law is different from a scientific theory because it describes something in nature without attempting to explain it.
Answer:
True
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What is the hydronium ion concentration of a solution formed from 150.0 mL of 0.250 M ammonia, NH3, and 100.0 mL of 0.200 M hydrochloric acid, HCl? Kb for ammonia is 1.80 x 10-5
The solution has a hydronium ion concentration of 1.78 x 10-10 M.
How many hydronium ions are there in an HCl solution?Because of this, the concentration of HCl determines the hydronium ion concentration, which is 0.10 M in HCl and 0.10 M in HCOOH.
We must first formulate the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ammonia and hydrochloric acid in order to tackle this issue:
NH3 + HCl → NH4+ + Cl-
To accomplish this, we must determine how many moles of each reagent are present in the solution:
moles of NH3 = 0.250 M x 0.1500 L = 0.0375 moles
moles of HCl = 0.200 M x 0.1000 L = 0.0200 moles
Secondly, we must determine how many moles of NH4+ and Cl- ions were generated by the reaction:
moles of NH4+ = 0.0200 moles
moles of Cl- = 0.0200 moles
We can figure out how many NH4+ ions are present in the solution:
[ NH4+ ] = moles / volume = 0.0200 moles / 0.250 L = 0.080 M
We must take into account the fact that NH4+ is a weak acid and will undergo the following reaction with water in order to determine the concentration of hydronium ions:
NH4+ + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + NH3
This reaction's equilibrium constant is represented by the following symbol:
Kw / Kb = Ka
To find Ka, we can rearrange this equation as follows:
Ka = Kw / Kb = (1.0 x 10-14) / (1.80 x 10-5), which is 5.56 x 10-10.
The equilibrium expression for the reaction between NH4+ and water may now be written as follows:
Ka = [H3O+][NH3]/[NH4+].
To solve for [H3O+], we can rewrite the equation above as follows:
[ H3O+ ] = (Ka x [ NH4+ ]) / [ NH3 ] = (5.56 x 10^-10) x (0.080 M) / (0.250 M) = 1.78 x 10^-10 M
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The colorless, odorless gas that is naturally occurring decay product of uranium?
The gas you are referring to is radon. It is a radioactive gas that occurs naturally in the earth's soil and rocks, particularly in areas with high levels of uranium deposits.
Radon is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, which makes it difficult to detect without special equipment. Radon can enter buildings through cracks in the foundation, walls, and floors, and can accumulate to dangerous levels, especially in poorly ventilated areas. Exposure to high levels of radon gas has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, particularly in smokers. It is important to test for radon levels in homes and take steps to reduce levels if they are found to be too high.
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Tartaric acid is found in many fruits, including grapes, and is partially responsible for the dry texture of certain wines. Calculate the pH and the tartrate ion 1C4H4O6 2-2 concentration for a 0.250 M solution of tartaric acid, for which the acid-dissociation constants. Did you have to make any approximations or assumptions in your calculation?
No approximations or assumptions need to be made in the calculation of the pH and the tartrate ion 1C4H4O6 2-2 concentration for a 0.250 M solution of tartaric acid.
The pH and the tartrate ion 1C4H4O6 2-2 concentration of a 0.250 M solution of tartaric acid can be calculated using the acid-dissociation constants and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The acid-dissociation constants (Ka1 and Ka2) of tartaric acid are 1.14x10-2 and 5.01x10-5, respectively.
The pH of the solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid]) where [base] is the concentration of the conjugate base (the tartrate ion) and [acid] is the concentration of the acid (tartaric acid). Since the solution is 0.250 M in tartaric acid, [acid] = 0.250 M and [base] = 0.250 M - [tartrate ion], which can be calculated using the Ka1 and Ka2 values.
For Ka1, the tartrate ion 1C4H4O6 2-2 concentration can be calculated as 0.250 M - 0.250 * 1.14x10-2 = 0.249 M. For Ka2, the tartrate ion 1C4H4O6 2-2 concentration can be calculated as 0.250 M - 0.250 * 5.01x10-5 = 0.249 M.
Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the pH of the solution can be calculated as pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid]). The pKa values of tartaric acid are 3.92 and 5.63 respectively. Therefore, for Ka1, the pH of the solution can be calculated as pH = 3.92 + log(0.249/0.250) = 3.91, and for Ka2, the pH of the solution can be calculated as pH = 5.63 + log(0.249/0.250) = 5.63.
No approximations or assumptions need to be made in the calculation of the pH and the tartrate ion 1C4H4O6 2-2 concentration for a 0.250 M solution of tartaric acid, as the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the acid-dissociation constants of tartaric acid can be used.
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