Answer:
uncertainty, complexity, and intra-organizational conflicts.
Explanation:
Managerial decisions define that any decision that can be taken for the benefit of the organization also these types of decision set targets for the income of the company moreover it decides what type of product should be sell and the hiring of employees who should be into the organization or who should not be in the organization etc.
According to the given situation, Management decisions on capital, expertise, and core competencies are disputes of uncertainty, complexity, and intra-organizational existence.
Your textbook discussed a model of a simple economy with four markets: labor, capital, energy, and food. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with a general equilibrium for this simple economy?
A. The household demand for energy equals the industry supply of energy.
B. The household demand for food equals the industry supply of food.
C. The household demand for labor equals the industry supply of labor.
D. The household supply of capital equals the industry demand for capital.
Answer:
The correct answer is the option C: The household demand for labor equals the industry supply of labor
Explanation:
To begin with, when it comes to the microeconomics theory the market of labor is considered to be as a factor of production market and from that point of view the labor is demanded by the companies to the households who are the ones who offered the labor due to the fact that the workers are the one who put their force to disposition of the companies. And that is why that it would be inconsistent to say that the household demand for labor will equals the industry supply of labor, because it is all the way around, the household supply of labor will equals the industry demand of it.
0.69 points eBookPrintReferences Check my work Check My Work button is now enabledItem 1Item 1 0.69 points Fresh Veggies, Inc. (FVI), purchases land and a warehouse for $410,000. In addition to the purchase price, FVI makes the following expenditures related to the acquisition: broker's commission, $21,000; title insurance, $1,100; and miscellaneous closing costs, $4,200. The warehouse is immediately demolished at a cost of $21,000 in anticipation of building a new warehouse. Determine the amount FVI should record as the cost of the land.
Answer:
$457,300
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the amount FVI should record as the cost of the land.
COST OF LAND
Land and warehouse $410,000
Add Expenditure:
Broker's commission $21,000
Title insurance $1,100
Miscellaneous closing costs $4,200
Warehouse demolished cost $21,000
Cost of land $457,300
Therefore the cost of land will be $457,300
Alpha Industries is considering a project with an initial cost of $9.1 million. The project will produce cash inflows of $1.84 million per year for 7 years. The project has the same risk as the firm. The firm has a pretax cost of debt of 5.94 percent and a cost of equity of 11.49 percent. The debt–equity ratio is .71 and the tax rate is 40 percent. What is the net present value of the project?
Answer:
NPV = $1.22 million
Explanation:
The Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the Present value (PV) of cash inflows and the PV of cash outflows. A positive NPV implies a good investment decision and a negative figure implies the opposite.
NPV of an investment:
NPV = PV of Cash inflows - PV of cash outflow
To work oit the NPV we would need to determine the discount rate i.e cost of capital as follows:
Cost of capital -discount rate -
WACC = We×Ke + Wd×Kd
After cost o debt = 5.94× (1-0.4)=3.56
WACC = (0.71×3.56 %) + (0.29×11.49%)=5.86 %
PV of cash inflow = A× (1- (1+r)^(-n))/r
A- annul cash inflow, r- 5.86%, n- 7
PV of cash inflow= 1.84 million × (1- 1.0586^(-7))/0.0586 =10.32
Initial cost = 9.1 million
NPV = 10.32 - 9.1 = 1.22 million
NPV = $1.22 million
________ means that service quality depends on the quality of buyer-seller interaction during the service encounter.
Answer: interactive marketing
Explanation:
Interactive marketing is also referred to as event-driven marketing or trigger based marketing and it simply has to do with using an effective communication which is two-ways to enable the consumers connect directly with a company.
Interactive marketing means service quality depends on the quality of buyer-seller interaction during the service encounter.
In its third year, a project is expected to produce earnings before interest and taxes of $671,551 and depreciation expense of $125,193. If the company’s tax rate is 34%, what is the project’s expected operating cash flow?
Answer:
Operating cash flow= $568,416.66
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Earnings before interest and taxes= $671,551
Depreciation expense= $125,193.
Tax rate= 34%
To calculate the operating cash flow, we need to use the following structure:
EBIT= 671,551
Tax= (671,551*0.34)= (228,327.34)
Depreciation= 125,193
Operating cash flow= 568,416.66
Projectized organizations are especially effective at helping team members to maintain their discipline-specific competencies. Group of answer choices
Answer: False
Explanation:
A projectized organization is a form of organization structure is that is designed such that it is hierarchical and headed by the project manager who is typically involved in every decision that is made regarding the project as he or she is the one that team members report to.
Therefore, projectized organizations are not effective at helping team members to maintain their discipline-specific competencies.
A company has 825 shares of $50 par value preferred stock outstanding, and the call price of its preferred stock is $63 per share. It also has 17,000 shares of common stock outstanding, and the total value of its stockholders' equity is $626,575. The company's book value per common share equals:
Answer:
Book Value Per Common Share = $33.80
Explanation:
Book Value Per Common Share = Stockholders' equity - Shares * Call Price per shares) / Shares of common stock outstanding
= ($626,575 - 825*63) / 17000
= ($626,575 - $51,975) / 17,000
= $574,600 / 17,000
= $33.80
As the workforce becomes more diverse, why does performance appraisal become a more difficult process?
Answer:
Performance appraisal in a company with diverse workforce becomes difficult because of some cultural biases that may exist between the manager, who is doing the appraisal, and the diverse workforce. This problem becomes more acute if the manager is culturally biased and discriminatory by practise.
Explanation:
Company A can have a diverse workforce if it is made up of employees from culturally different places working together in the same workplace. Bias often arises due to human cultural nuisances. This becomes more obvious where managers are from some particular cultures while the employees are from mixed cultures. In such situations, the managers need to be retrained to enable them embrace cultural diversity in the workplace and in performance evaluation.
The key cause due to which the performance appraisal becomes problematic due to diversity in the workforce would be:
- Cultural bias
What is performance appraisal?
Performance appraisal is described as the process of reviewing the performances done by the employees in a particular organization to attain its goals and reward them accordingly.
When the workforce of a particular company or organization becomes exceedingly diverse, it becomes problematic to do performance appraisals.
The reason behind this is that this diversity gives rise to cultural biases and may result in discrimination.
Learn more about "Performance" here:
brainly.com/question/22735387
What describes minerals that are deemed real property, such as gold and silver, until they are removed from the earth and become personal property?
A. Mineral rights.
B. Nutrients.
C. Synthetics.
D. Solid minerale.
Answer:
The correct answer is D
Explanation:
Solid minerals contained in the land
(Coal, iron, ore, gold or silver)
Hope this helps! （づ￣3￣）づ╭❤～
Minerals known as real property such as gold and silver are known as Solid minerale before they later become personal property.
What is a Solid minerale?These are mineral that is natural occurring in a solid and inorganic state and are representable by a chemical formula.
An example of Solid minerale includes Talc, Gold, Clay, Lithium, Kyanite, Wolframite, Gemstones etc
Therefore, the Option D is correct.
Read more about Solid minerale
brainly.com/question/1869502
Gladiator USA, a tire manufacturer, guarantees its tires against defects for five years or 60,000 miles, whichever comes first. Suppose USA can expect warranty costs during the five-year period to add up to of sales. Assume that a USA dealer in Denver, Colorado, made sales of during 2018. Gladiator USA received cash for % of the sales and took notes receivable for the remainder. Payments to satisfy customer warranty claims totaled during 2018. Record the sales, warranty expense, and warranty payments for Gladiator USA.
Answer:
DR Cash............................................$96,450
DR Notes receivable........................$546,550
CR Sales revenue...................................................$643,000
(To record sales)
DR Warranty expense .............................$32,150
CR Warranty liability.................................................$32,150
(To record Warranty Expense)
DR Warranty liability.................................$20,000
CR Cash......................................................................$20,000
(To record Warranty Claim Payments)
Explanation:
Cash = 15% * $643,000
= $96,450
Notes Receivable = 643,000 - 96,450
= $546,550
Warranty Expense = 5% x $643,000
= $32,150
ane is planning to offer a Groupon for inner tube rentals that she will distribute on hot, sunny, summer days by the river that runs through her town. Based on her past experience with Groupon, she has assigned the following probability distribution to the number of tubes she will rent on a randomly selected day. If Jane would like her expected revenue to be at least $300 per day, what should the Groupon price be? (Round your answer up to the nearest whole dollar amount.)
Probability assigned:|
x 30 60 120 180
P(x) .10 .40 .40 .10
Answer:
Jane
Price of Groupon for a revenue of $300 is:
$3
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Expected Sales volume:
Number of Tubes x 30 60 120 180
Probability P(x) .10 .40 .40 .10
Expected values 3 24 48 18
Total = 93 tubes
Groupon price = $300/93 = $3.23
b) Jane's price for each Groupon will be the rent revenue per day divided by the expected number of tubes to rent daily. The expected number of tubes is derived by multiplying each expected number of tubes by its probability and then summing up the results.
York's outstanding stock consists of 80,000 shares of noncumulative 7.5% preferred stock with a $5 par value and also 200,000 shares of common stock with a $1 par value. During its first four years of operation, the corporation declared and paid the following total cash dividends: 2015 total cash dividends $20,000 ; 2016 total cash dividends 28,000 ; 2017 total cash dividends 200,000 ; 2018 total cash dividends 350,000. Please explain how to journal this.
Answer:
dividends paid during 2015:
preferred stock dividends = $20,000, dividend per preferred stock = $0.25
common stock dividends = $0, dividend per common stock = $0
dividends paid during 2016:
preferred stock dividends = $28,000, dividend per preferred stock = $0.35
common stock dividends = $0, dividend per common stock = $0
dividends paid during 2017:
preferred stock dividends = $30,000, dividend per preferred stock = $0.375
common stock dividends = $170,000, dividend per common stock = $0.85
dividends paid during 2018:
preferred stock dividends = $30,000, dividend per preferred stock = $0.375
common stock dividends = $320,000, dividend per common stock = $1.60
Since the preferred stocks are not cumulative, any preferred dividends that are not paid during a year will not be paid in future years.
Luther Corporation Consolidated Balance Sheet December 31, 2006 and 2005 (in $ millions) Assets 2006 2005 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity 2006 2005 Current Assets Current Liabilities Cash 58.5 Accounts payable 73.5 Accounts receivable 39.6 Notes payable / shortterm debt 9.6 Inventories 42.9 Current maturities of longterm debt 36.9 Other current assets 3.0 Other current liabilities 6.0 12.0 Total current assets 144.0 Total current liabilities 132.0 LongTerm Assets LongTerm Liabilities Land 62.1 Longterm debt 168.9 Buildings 91.5 Capital lease obligations Equipment 99.6 Less accumulated depreciation () (52.5) Deferred taxes 22.8 22.2 Net property, plant, and equipment 200.7 Other longterm liabilities Goodwill 60.0 Total longterm liabilities 191.1 Other longterm assets 63.0 42.0 Total liabilities 323.1 Total longterm assets 242.7 Stockholders' Equity 63.6 Total Assets 386.7 Total liabilities and Stockholders' Equity 386.7 Refer to the balance sheet above. Luther's current ratio for 2006 is closest to:
Answer:
Luther Corporation
Current Ratio for 2006 is closest to:
1.1 : 1
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Total Current Assets = $144 million
Total Current Liabilities = $132 million
Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities
= $144/$132
= 1.1 : 1
b) Luther Corporation's current ratio is a liquidity measure that shows Luther's ability to pay off short-term obligations worth $132 million or those due within one year with its current assets of $144 million. The ratio tells investors and analysts of Luther Corporation how Luther can use its current assets to pay off its current debts. Since Luther's current ratio is higher than 1, it is considered good, depending on the industry average. This means that Luther's current ratio of 1.1 : 1 should not be considered in isolation, but in comparison with other firms in the industry and its performance over a number of years.
A company's gross profit (or gross margin) was $129,650 and its net sales were $502,900. Its gross margin ratio is
Answer:
25.8%
Explanation:
A company gross profit is $129,650
The net sales is $502,900
Therefore, the gross margin ratio can be calculated as follows
Gross margin ratio= gross margin /net sales
= $129,650/$502,900
= 0.258×100
= 25.8%
Hence the gross margin ratio is 25.8%
A Japan-based company, Sumo Gyms, Inc., issues a 35-year, semi-annual coupon bond, with a ¥300 million par value. The coupon rate is given as 5.90%, and the yield to maturity is 6.70. a. What is the value of the semi-annual coupon on the bond?
Answer:
per*
Explanation:
Speedy Runner makes running shoes and they have gathered the following data for the month of October: Data Cash on 10/1 Expected Cash Collections Direct Materials Cash Disbursements Direct Labor Cash Disbursements MOH Cash Disbursements Operating Expenses Cash Disbursements Capital Expenditures Cash Disbursements Speedy Runner requires an ending cash balance of at least $12,000 and can borrow from a line of credit in $1,000 increments. How much will Speedy Runner need to borrow at the end of October?
Answer: $9,000
Explanation:
Speedy Runner will need to borrow the amount of cash disbursements that will exceed their cash receipts.
= Opening Cash + Cash Receipts - Cash Disbursements
= Opening Cash + Expected Cash Collections - Direct Labor Cash - Direct Materials Cash Disbursements - Operating Expenses Cash Disbursements - MOH Cash Disbursements - Capital Expenditures Cash Disbursements - Ending cash balance requirement
= 15,300 + 435,000 - 32,000 - 80,000 - 110,000 - 25,000 - 200,000 - 12,000
= $8,700
They can borrow in incremental terms of $1,000 so to cover the cash requirements they should borrow $9,000.
Between 1953 and 2015, rising labor productivity contributed more to U.S. economic growth than did increases in inputs.
A. True
B. False
Answer: True
Explanation:
Labor productivity has to do with the amount of products and services which are produce at a particular time by the workers.
It should be noted that between 1953 and 2015, rising labor productivity contributed more to U.S. economic growth than did increases in inputs. This brought about increase in the available goods and services in the country.
"A retired customer that has a portfolio of blue chip stocks is looking to supplement his retirement income. An appropriate recommendation would be to:"
Answer: sell covered calls
Explanation:
A retired customer that has a portfolio of blue chip stocks is looking to supplement his retirement income. An appropriate recommendation would be to sell covered calls.
It should be noted that a covered call is a financial transaction that takes place when a call option is sold by an investor even though the investor still owns part of the security based on what's sold.
The net income reported on the income statement for the current year was $121,900. Depreciation recorded on store equipment for the year amounted to $20,100. Balances of the current asset and current liability accounts at the beginning and end of the year are as follows: End of Year Beginning of Year Cash $48,030 $44,190 Accounts receivable (net) 34,440 32,660 Merchandise inventory 47,020 49,710 Prepaid expenses 5,280 4,200 Accounts payable (merchandise creditors) 45,000 41,800 Wages payable 24,590 27,310 a. Prepare the Cash Flows from Operating Activities section of the statement of cash flows, using the indirect method. Use the minus sign to indicate cash outflows, cash payments, decreases in cash, or any negative adjustments. Statement of Cash Flows (partial) Cash flows from operating activities: $ Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow from operating activities: Changes in current operating assets and liabilities: Net cash flow from operating activities $ b. Cash flows from operating activities differs from net income because it does not use the of accounting. For example revenues are recorded on the income statement when .
Answer:
See answers below.
Explanation:
In order to get net cash flow through indirect method, we will have to make adjustment to the net income; hence we get the increase or decrease of different accounts with the data balance.
a) End beginning cash $48,030 $44,190
Increase in cash $3,840
Accounts receivable(net) $34,440 $32,660
Increase in accounts receivable $1,780
Merchandise Inventory $47,020 $49,710
Decreased inventory -$2,690
Prepaid expenses $5,280 $4,200
Increase prepaid expenses $1,080
Accounts payable(Merchandise creditors) $45,000 $41,800
Accounts payable increase $3,200
Wages payable $24,590 $27,310
Decreased wages payable -$2,720
Per below, we have some accounts that are added (+) to the net income while some are also deducted (-).
Net income $121,900
Adjustment to reconcile the net income to cash
+ Depreciation $20,100
+ Increase in cash $3,840
- Increase in accounts receivable ($1,780)
+ Inventory decrease $2,690
- Increase prepaid expenses ($1,080)
+ Accounts payable increase $3,200
- Decreased wages payable ($2,720)
Net cash $146,150
b) Briefly explain why net cash flow from operating activities is different other than net income.
The reason is that while net income refers to the earned profit by a company for a period ; cash flow from operating activities are measurement of daily cash (in and out) expended on business operation. Cash flow give explanation on the use of cash in an organization on a daily basis which includes net income from the income statement, changes in working capital, adjustments to net profits etc. t is to be noted that the starting point of calculating cash flow from operating activities is the net income.
An organizationally-driven reason for outsourcing is that it can improve effectiveness by focusing on what the firm does best.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Outsourcing is when a company gives some of its internal activities to an external party that takes the responsibility to get things done and one of the reasons for a company to do this is to get rid of activities that have to get done but that are not part of their core operations to be able to concentrate on their main activity and get those things done by experts which can help increase productivity. According to that, the answer is that the statement is true.
Margin on price as a percentage is the expression of how much you mark your product up by to arrive at your retail price. True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The margin on price refers to a percentage by taking a difference between the gross profit and the selling price
Here gross profit comes by
= Selling price - cost price
Now in the cost price we added some markup percentage i.e most probably equivalent to the retail price
Hence, the given statement is false
Company A was sued by Company B. The management of Company A feels that it is probable that it will have to pay the full amount to Company 8. What is the effect of this contingent event on Company A's accounting equation?
a. Increase liabilities and decrease stockholders' equity.
b. Increase assets and increase stockholders' equity.
c. No effect on the accounting equation.
d. Decrease assets and decrease liabilities.
Answer: a. Increase liabilities and decrease stockholders' equity.
Explanation:
Contingent Liabilities are obligations that the company may owe if a future event happens such as them being ruled against in a case in court.
Contingent Liabilities are to be recorded in the financial statements only when it is probable that it will happen and that the amount to be paid is reasonably estimable.
Company A's management feels like the loss is probable and that they would have to pay the full amount to company B which means that the loss is both likely and estimable.
Company A should therefore increase their liabilities and debit loss which will come from the Equity thereby reducing it.
Prepare the journal entry to record Jevonte Company’s issuance of 35,000 shares of its common stock assuming the shares have a: $3 par value and sell for $22 cash per share. $3 stated value and sell for $22 cash per share.
Answer: Please see answer in explanation column
Explanation:
a)journal entry to record Jevonte Company’s issuance at $3 par value and $22 cash per share
Account Debit Credit
Cash(35,000 x $22) $770,000
Common stock, $3 par value(35,000 x 3) $105, 000
Paid-in captial in excess of par value, common stock
($770,000 - $105, 000 ) $665,000
b)journal entry to record Jevonte Company’s issuance at $3 stated value and $22 cash per share
Account Debit Credit
Cash (35,000 x $22) $770,000
Common stock, $3 stated value (35,000 x 3) $105, 000
Paid-in captial in excess of stated value, common stock
($770,000 - $105, 000 ) $665,000
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a social media presence for a brand? Group of answer choices Social media allows companies to have a short-term focus. Social media allows marketers to establish a public voice and presence online. Social media can cost-effectively reinforce other communication activities. Social media can encourage companies to stay innovative and relevant. Social media can be used to build or tap into online communities.
Answer: Social media allows companies to have a short-term focus.
Explanation:
Social Media has made the world way more connected than it was before even with the advent of the Internet. As such, companies were able to leverage on this to improve their brand and popularity by being present on the various social media platforms.
With social media, companies have been able to marketers to establish a public voice and presence online, cost-effectively reinforce other communication activities, build online forums and communities as well as remain relevant in a fast changing world.
Companies having a short term focus as a result of social media is not a benefit of social media. A company should always think long term and even social media can help them achieve long term growth if long term marketing plans are integrated with social media marketing.
Pisa, Inc. leased equipment from Williamsburg Company under a four-year lease requiring equal annual payments of $68,830, with the first payment due at lease inception. The lease does not transfer ownership, nor is there a bargain purchase option. The equipment has a 4-year useful life and no salvage value. Pisa, Inc.'s incremental borrowing rate is 10% and the rate implicit in the lease (which is known by Pisa, Inc.) is 8%. Assuming that this lease is properly classified as a capital lease, what is the approximate amount of principal reduction recorded when the second lease payment is made in Year 2?
Answer:
$54,639
Explanation:
the approximate amount of principal reduction when the second lease payment is made in Year 2 can be calculated by making the Lease amortization table as follows
DATA
Annual payments = 68,830
Implicit rate = 8%
Annuty factor for 4 years at 8% = 3.55710
Present value of lease payment =$246,212 (68830*3.57710 )
Year 1 Year 2
Opening balance - $177,382(w)
interest - $14,191(w)
payments $68,830 $68,830
principal payments $68,830 $54,639
closing balance $177,382(w) $122,743
Working
Closing balance = Present value of lease payment - Annual payment
Closing balance = $256,212 - $68,830
Closing balance = $177,382
Interest = closing balance x implicit rate
Interest = $177,382 x 8%
Interest = $14,190.56
Lacy Technology transferred items with $12,600 of cost out of the Assembly Department because the items were finished and ready to be sold. What journal entries correctly reflects this transaction?
Answer:
Dr Finished Goods Inventory 12,600
Cr Work in Process - Assembly 12,600
Explanation:
Based on the information given we were told that the company transferred items that cost the amount of $12,600 from the Assembly Department because the items were finished and ready to be sold which means that the journal entries will be recorded as:
Dr Finished Goods Inventory 12,600
Cr Work in Process - Assembly 12,600
fremont which uses the high-low method reported total cost of $10 per unit its lowest production level, 5000 units. when production tripled to its highest level, the total cost per unit dropped to $5 variable cost per unit
Answer:
$2.50
Explanation:
Calculation for the estimation of variable cost per unit
Units Total cost
High method 15,000×$5 per units =$75,000
(5,000*3)=15,000
Low method 5,000*$10 per units=$50,000
Difference 10,000 $25,000
Variable cost per unit =$25,000/10,000
Variable cost per unit=$2.50
Note: Based on the information given we were told that production tripled to its highest level which means the high method units will be 15,000 units (5,000 units*3)
Therefore Fremont would estimate its variable cost per unit as: $2.50
Suppose annual inflation rates in the U.S. and Mexico are expected to be 6% and 80%, respectively, over the next several years. If the current spot rate for the Mexican peso is $.005, then the best estimate of the peso's spot value in 3 years is Group of answer choices $.00276 $.01190 $.00321 $.00102
Answer:
$.00102
Explanation:
The forward peso's spot value in 3 years can be computed using the below formula:
forward exchange rate=current spot rate*(1+US inflation)^3/(1+Mexican inflation)^3
current spot rate=$.005,
US inflation rate is 6%
Mexican inflation rate is 80%
forward exchange rate=$.005,*(1+6%)^3/(1+80%)^3
forward exchange rate(in 3 years)=$0.00102
Charlie is a strategist who wants to decide on the appropriate strategy to help his firm "go global." Which of the following should Charlie consider while choosing his strategy?A) He must be aware of the fact that despite globalization and the emergence of the Internet, firm geographic location has actually maintained its importance.B) He should rely on his firm's business-level strategy as a clue to possible strategies pursued globally.C) He should remember that he has only one framework at his disposal to make global strategy decisions.D) He must remember that higher levels of control and a lower likelihood of any loss in reputation go along with less investment-intensive foreign entry modes.
Answer: A) He must be aware of the fact that despite globalization and the emergence of the Internet, firm geographic location has actually maintained its importance.
Explanation:
Charlie must consider that despite the fact that the internet and technology have made globalization more accessible, the location of a business remains very important hence the old saying "its all about location location location".
The firm's geographical location has an effect on stakeholders in the company such as customers, employees and suppliers. For the customers, even if the business was to rely on the internet and delivering goods, the location needs to be convenient enough to ship goods from.
The Suppliers as well need to be able to send the goods ordered for in a timely fashion and an improper location can hamper that. Even employees need a place to work in that is conducive for them in terms of logistics and a safe working environment. Charlie should definitely not forget about the importance of location.
After analyzing its own resources and unique abilities, a company is now trying to determine what group of customers it can satisfy with a good or service. It is in the process of choosing a
Answer: target market
Explanation: A target market is simply a group of people whose needs and preferences match the product range of a company and to whom those products are marketed, often times actively. As such, when the resources and unique abilities of a firm has been analysed, and is now in the process of determining what group of customers it can satisfy with a good or service, then it is in the process of choosing a target market.
