The toxins responsible for botulism are proteins that inhibit the release of acetylcholine, which in turn can cause muscle paralysis. In extreme cases the paralysis can involve the respiratory muscles, and people can die of respiratory failure. This mechanisms of action indicates that the toxins are

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Poisonous substance.

Explanation:

This mechanisms of action indicates that the toxins are the poisonous substance which attacks on the respiratory system of the body that leads to the respiratory failure. Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system which is the part of the autonomic nervous system that contracts smooth muscles so inhibition of the release of Acetylcholine is the main cause of paralysis.


Related Questions

explain how the various specialiesed cells are modified to Cary out to their function 20mark​

Answers

Sperm cell; has acrosome containing lytic enzymes; that digest the egg membranes for penetration during fertilization; has a long tail; containing numerous mitochondria; to generate maximum energy for propulsion/swimming in the vaginal fluid after ejaculation; Red blood cells; are flattened, circular/spherical biconcave in shape; to increase the surface area for packaging of haemoglobin; has haemoglobin; that combines with respiratory gases; for transport to and from body tissues; White blood cells; are amoeboid in shape hence able to change shape; to engulf pathogens through phagocytosis; lymphocytes produce antibodies to fight pathogens; Nerve cell; has extensions/dentrites; to receive and send information for sensation; Ciliated epithelial cells; have cilia for propulsion of mucus that traps dust and micro-organisms in the respiratory tract; Muscle cells; elongated, striated and contractile; to bring about movement; Plant cells: Guard cells; bean-shaped; to regulate the size of the stomata allowing gaseous exchange; and control water loss; has chloroplasts with chlorophyll; for photosynthesis; Root hair cell; elongated; thin-walled; with dense cytoplasm for absorption of water and mineral salts; Epidermal cell; thin; for protection of inner tissues from mechanical and micro-organism attack; Palisade cell; contains numerous chloroplasts with chlorophyll; for photosynthesis; elongated; to increase surface area for trapping maximum amounts of light energy; Meristematic cell; thinwalled; with dense cytoplasm; for primary and secondary growth

Starch and protein digestion in a single stomach?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation: Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and the duodenum through the action of three main enzymes: pepsin, secreted by the stomach, and trypsin and chymotrypsin, secreted by the pancreas. During carbohydrate digestion the bonds between glucose molecules are broken by salivary and pancreatic amylase.

supply the endings of the following ranks:
division,class,order,family​

Answers

Answer:

I am not sure what you are asking for, but from my understanding I think you are telling me to put it in order

Explanation:

Order, Class, Family, Division

Hope this helps

a report conclusion on waste management​

Answers

just some up everything you wrote into one paragraph

Read the information below then answer the questions which follow:
To grow, plants require water. They cannot get this water unless it is available in the soil. Plants
obtain water from the soil through their roots. It then passes up the stem and to the leaves and
flowers. The plant does not take all the water available in the soil. Much of the remaining water
evaporates into the surrounding air.
In an experiment, a stem which contained several flowers were placed in a beaker of water
containing red ink.
QUESTION 1
(1 mark)
What is the purpose of the experiment?​

Answers

Answer:

I believe the experiment was too see if the flowers that would grow from the stem would turn out to be red in color. (Which is the reason they put red ink.)

(hope this helped :P)

What are the uses of natural fibers?
note :- please don't copy the answers from other websites.

Answers

Explanation:

The uses of natural fibers are :

1. it is used to make clothes

2. it is used to make roof tiles

3. it is used to make partition boards

4. it is used to make paper

NOTE : i have not copied this ans

Put the following biological structures in the correct order of organization, from smallest to largest:
A. Gills, pillar cells, lamellae, fish, respiratory system
B. Pillar cells, lamellae, gills, respiratory system, fish
C. Pillar cells, lamellae, gills, respiratory system, cat
D. Lamellae, gills, respiratory system, fish, pillar cells

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Cats Dont have gills so rule out C. The body has to be the end so it would be B starting from Pillar cells to fish

Biological structures are arranged based on the level of the organization. The order of organization from smallest to largest is pillar cells, lamellae, gills, respiratory system, and fish. Thus, option B is correct.

What is the level of organization?

The level of organization is the arrangement of the structures based on the level of complexity. It starts from the most simple to the most complex structures. It starts with an atom and ends in an ecosystem.

Pillar cells are the simplest level that comprises the fundamental unit made of molecules. They together make the tissues or the lamellae in the fish. The tissues or the lamellae group together to make the organ and gills.

The gills combines with the other organs to make the organ system like the respiratory system, which together with various organ system makes the fish the makes a complete organism.

Therefore, the order of the organization starts with pillar cells and ends at fish.

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example of natural system of classifying organisms​

Answers

Answer:

In natural system of classification of Organisms, homology is brought out through the study of internal and external characters. Homology is the relationship of comparable structures having been derived from a common form.

For example, the fore arm of different land vertebrates has the same pentadactyl constitution.

Explanation:

pls mark brainliest

1.If you could only eat one meal for the rest of your life, what would it be?
2. How are you finding the topic DNA and cell division

Answers

1. Potato Salad (this answer may vary upon students favorite food)

2. Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle. During this phase, the cell grows to its maximum size, performs its normal cellular functions, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.

What is the biological impact of minimum catch sizes on a population of fish?
a. The population comes to be dominated by smaller, slower-growing individuals.
b. Older, less productive adults are removed, improving the population's health.
It applies a selective pressure for larger, faster growing fish.
d. The fish in the population produce more and healthier eggs to compensate.
C.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Ο Α
OB
Ос
OD

Answers

Answer:

answer is A.) The population comes to be dominated by smaller, slower- growing individuals

2. Why do scientists often use thermoacidophile group of archaebacteria for research?

Answers

Archaebacteria have some unique characteristics.

Although members of kingdom Archaebacteria share many characteristics with members of kingdom Eubacteria, some of their characteristics are unique.

One such characteristic is the ability of archaea to live in extreme conditions.

What is Thermoacidophile archaebacteria?

Thermoacidophile archaebacteria are a type of archaea that thrive in extremely hot and strong acidic (with low PH) environments. Thermoacidophile archaebacteria can be found in harsh environments such as in geothermal area, in the deep ocean vents and hot springs. Most of the

Thermoacidophile archaebacteria are chemotrophs (converts chemicals to food). They use sulfur as their energy source. They absorb the sulfur gas that is being released in their environment and reduce it to hydrogen sulphide, fixing it into an energy source.

Thus, this could be the answer.

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Which plant activities are directed by hormones? (select all that apply)
a. sunflowers following the sun to face it as it moves across the sky
b. leaves of deciduous trees changing colors in the fall
c. a green tomato turning red
d. a growing vine wrapping around a fence post​

Answers

Answer:

All of the activities are directed by plant hormone

Answer:

it is all of them

Explanation:

Trust  me I got 75% instead of 100 because i didnt chose all of them

If a cell membrane were completely permeable to all substances, could the cell continue to live? Explain your answer in depth.

Answers

If the membrane were fully permeable to all substances, then anything could enter the cell. This would upset the balance between the cell's contents and the outside environment. There is only so much ability to store substances and utilize substances, therefore, the cell would not be able to maintain homeostasis.

Why is the frequency of natural disasters increasing?

1. There are less natural hazards occurring

2. Human population in areas prone to natural hazards has increased

3 . Deaths from natural disasters has decreased in developed countries and increased in developing countries.

Answers

Human population in areas prone to natural hazards has increased

Why is the frequency of natural disasters increasing?

1. There are less natural hazards occurrin

2. Human population in areas prone to natural hazards has increased

Which is not a water quality monitoring parameter ?

1. Habitat
2. Turbidity
3.salinity
4. Ph level

Answers

Number 2. salinity.

a If a stationary body of water has a constant temperature from top to
bottom it is most likely a(n)
a. lake
b. pond
C.ocean
d. lagoon

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is B. Pond.

Ponds are pretty small and shallow, so the  heating from the air and sun gets distributed evenly across the water.

Let me know if this helps!

A population of lab rats recently escaped into the sewer system of Washington, D.C. A brave researcher sampled this population and estimated the following phenotypic frequencies (which were caused by a single gene with two alleles: E and e).
61% normal eyes (EE)
26% cross-eyed (Ee)
13% blind (ee)
If this population were to reach a Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in one generation, what would the phenotypic frequencies be in that new HWE generation? Let freq (e)=p and freq (e)=q. (Tip first calculate p and q from the observed, and provided, phenotypic frequencies)
freq EE =
freq Ee =
freq ee =

Answers

Answer:

freq EE = 0.55 freq Ee = 0.38  freq ee = 0.07

Explanation:

Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.

plz give a correct answer for the question how do canine and molar differ.​

Answers

Answer:

Canine teeth is conical in structure and it is used to tear meat but the molar teeth has two or three cusps and is used for grinding food

part of the eye that gives people different eye colors​

Answers

the answer to this question is iris

What is the process of
evaporation?

A. The process in which plants release vapor into
the atmosphere

B. Any process that returns water from the
atmosphere to the earth

C. The process in which liquid water turns to
water vapor

Answers

The answer to your question is C

3. Define the following terms A) Transparent B) Translucent c) Opaque​

Answers

Answer:

Transparent-->Allows all light to pass through.

Translucent-->Allows only some/partial light to pass through.

Opaque-->Allows no light to pass through.

What’s the following have contributed to historical increases in the global human population?
A.) increases in the number of deaths
B.) unavailability of clean water
C.) decreases in the birth rate
D.)Advances in hygiene

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

people take it into account that the environment is fine for growing children hence giving birth

Please I really need your help.

Answers

seventy five percent brown hair when we cross

Bb to bb

19. What percent of forest is found in Nepal at present? 1. 50% 2. 28% 3. 29% 4. 39%​

Answers

Answer:

1. 50%

hola hai

have a great dayy

Climate change as well as other human-driven environmental changes continue to cause loss of biodiversity in the
coming decades in addition to high rates of species extinctions. Biodiversity is a term that can be used to describe
biological diversity at a variety of different scales, but for now let's consider species diversity. Each rectangle represents a
plant community containing individuals of various species indicated by color and the total number of individuals
corresponds to the productivity of the ecosystem. Based on trends illustrated by the images, what conclusions apply?
Choose ALL that are appropriate.
-)))
A)
While species may fluctuate, biomass remains constant.
Scientific
Calc
B)
The green species increases in abundance during warm years,
C)
The productivity of the ecosystem decreases as the climate changes.
D)
Invasive species, represented by red, move in and displace native
species.
Highlight
Time
maining
3:17:40
e Tools
E)
Decrease in one species is compensated for by an increase in another
species.
24)

Answers

Answer:

e) decrease in one species is compensated for by an increase in another. is the answer.☺️

Which of the following does NOT relate to water?
A. Dehydration damages cells.
B. 70% of the human body.
C. Controls negative feedback mechanisms.
D. Contains and moves ions in and out of cells.

Answers

The answer should be D. Contains and moves ions in and out of cells

The following that does not relate to water is it contains and moves ions in and out of cells. The correct option is D.

What is water?

Water is a chemical compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen. It is a necessary part of life. As our body is made up of 90% of water, and without water, organisms would not survive.

The transport of ions and molecules in and out of the cell is done by the cytoplasm filling in the cell.

Thus, the correct option is D. Contains and moves ions in and out of cells.

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I need help! Pls help!!!

Answers

(iii) Enzymes P, Q and R (choose any one)

P - pepsin / protease

Q - amylase / carbohydrase

R - lipase / trypsin / protease / amylase

(c) There are many ways in which different types of enzymes are using in preparing baby foods such as the amylase breaks down the starch and the starch breaks down to maltose or glucose. The protease breaks down protein and the protein breaks down into amino acids. The lipase breaks down fats and then the fats break down to gylcerol.

Hope it's help you.If it is right


Over a long period of time the process of deposition causes the formation of

Answers

Answer:

sedimentary rock

Explanation:

the process of deposition refers to rock and soil depositing itself onto a landform and hardening into rock, specifically sedimentary rock.

Deltas formed at the mouth of a river.

Traditionally, the classification of fungi has been based on the nature of sexual stages of the life cycle. For Penicillium, however, no sexual stages of the life cycle have been observed. Without evidence from sexual stages, speculate about other possible sources of evidence that scientists may use in classification.

Answers

Answer:

Without the evaluation of sexual stages, fungi can be classified according to the type of colony they present, the speed of growth, the formation of pigments and the type of coloration.

Explanation:

Although the observation of sexual stages is extremely efficient for the classification of fungi in the laboratory. This type of analysis is not always possible to be carried out. In that case, scientists need to find other methods that allow for the classification of fungi. These methods are carried out with the help of a microscope, where scientists observe the morphology of the fungi and are able to classify them according to the type of colony they present, the speed of growth, the formation of pigments and the type of coloration.

b) The chemical equation below summarizes photosynthesis.
Energy (sunlight) + 6 H20 + 6 CO2 - C6H1206 + 6 02
Write a similar chemical equation for cellular respiration. Be sure to include a
description of the form of energy that results from cellular respiration. (3 points)
Pls help me

Answers

Answer:

The chemical equation for cellular respiration would be: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O.

Explanation:

C6H12O6 (1 Glucose molecule) + 6 O2 (6 Oxygen molecules)  → 6 CO2 (6 Carbon dioxide molecules) + 6 H2O (6 Water molecules)

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