To distinguish this same layers in a separatory funnel or even other glass object with two layers, add a few drops of water to a top.
What do you mean by the phase of a system?
The three states of matter or substance are known as gas, liquid, and solid, however, each solid and liquid state can take on one or more shapes. As a result, the term phase is used to define the many forms that are needed. Each different form is referred to as a phase, but because a phase can potentially incorporate multiple materials, the definition of a phase as a homogenous component of a system goes beyond a single substance. One-phase systems include a homogenous solution of any quantity of components.
Although these two phrases are occasionally used interchangeably, aqueous layers are extracted whereas organic layers are washed in this manner. The organic component of interest is typically extracted using low-boiling organic solvents because they evaporate quickly and easily, leaving the organic compound behind.
To determine the layers in a separation of organic and aqueous solutions, you can add a small amount of water drops to the top. if the top layer is aqueous, the addition will combine with the top layer. if the bottom layer is aqueous, the addition will travel through the top layer and combine the bottom layer.
If water is striking the bottom layer, it has passed through the top layer and is now a part of the bottom layer. As a result, just like the additional water, the bottom layer has to be aqueous.
If the water is not visible, it has likely merged with the top layer, making the top layer aqueous.
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you have a sodium hydroxide solution that is approximately 0.2 m that you need to standardize. in order to make efficient use of your 50 ml buret, you need to know how many runs you can perform. estimate how many mls of 0.2 m naoh will be ne
4ml of NaOH is required for neutralization of KHP.
The chemical reaction is as follows:
NaOH + КНР → NaKP + H₂O
The mass of KHP used is 0.1509g, Molar mass of KHP is 204.29g/mol
Then moles of KHP used are given by
Moles of KHP used = 0.1509/204.29
Moles of KHP = 7.35 x 10⁻⁴ moles
The molarity of NaOH is 0.2 M Let the volume of NaOH required for neutralization be V.
Moles of NaOH needed = Molarity x volume of NaOH (L)
= 0.2 x V
As 1 mole of NaOH requires 1 mole of KHP, then
Moles of NaOH required = Molarity of NaOH x volume of NaOH (L)
On substituting the values we get,
0.2 V = 7.35×10⁻⁴
V = 7.35x10⁻⁴/0.2
= 3.675 X 10⁻³L
V = 3.675 mL
≈ 4mL
Therefore, 4 ml of NaOH is required for neutralization.
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Consider the phosphorus tetrachloryl (PCI) cation. What is the central atom? Enter its chemical symbol. How many lone pairs are around the central atom? What is the ideal angle between the phosphorus- chlorine bonds? 0 Compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the actual angle between the phosphorus-chlorine bonds to be ... (choose one) (choose one) about the same X bigger Explanation Check smaller
Chemical structure determination involves the chemist identifying the molecular structure and, if possible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solids.
Looking at the molecular structure of PCl3, it is a pyramid with approximately three bond angles. 103°. PCl3 is polar because VSEPR theory predicts a triangular pyramidal molecular structure. Around phosphorus he has four electron density regions. One of them is the lone pair of electrons. In general, the lone pair of the central atom indicates that the molecule is polar.
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Where are the electrons found in bohr's atomic model?
Answer:
The nucleus
Explanation: bohr tells us that the electrons which have a negative charge clicle the orbits in specific nucleus
Which phenomena support only the particle theory of light? select 2 options. reflection bending around objects traveling in a straight path interference photoelectric effect
Photoelectric effect is the answer
Light is made of particles and with help of them the particle theory of light explains the light. Newton concluded that light has frequency-like properties. According to this the particle theory of light supports the phenomenon of light bending around objects.
Albert Einstein conducted research on the photoelectric effect, in which electrons fly out of a metal surface exposed to light and energy of the electrons that fly out of the metal does not change whether the light is weak or strong.
Photoelectric effect is defined as an emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits the material.
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Answer:
traveling in a straight path and photoelectric effect
A strip of paw paw was placr in a beaker of water.After 30 minutes what happen to the strip?
Anything that moves in a net direction from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is said to be diffusing. Because the particles in liquids and gases travel randomly from one location to another, diffusion occurs in these media.
What is diffusion ?Diffusion is the overall net movement of anything from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. A gradient in the Gibbs free energy or chemical potential drives diffusion.
The molecules' kinetic energy causes random motion, which causes diffusion. This mechanism happens in simple diffusion without the help of a transport protein. The molecules travel from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to their random mobility.
Thus, Because the particles in liquids and gases travel randomly from one location to another, diffusion occurs in these media.
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What are two ways in whitch electrons in atoms are in constant motion
Must be two
WIll GIVE BRAINLIST
Answer:
1. an electron moving around the nucleus
2. an electron moving on its axis
Explanation:
The best way to remember how atoms move is by comparing them to a solar system. Just like a solar system atoms have a core, in this case the nucleus, and each atom rotates around the nucleus just like planets revolve around a star. They also rotate just like a plant does.
show between force pressure and area
Answer:
Relationship: The Pressure on an Area and the Force Acting Perpendicularly to the Area. The pressure, , on an area, , is given by = , where is the force acting perpendicularly to all the sides of the area
As you have seen; lead can form the same kinds of compounds as the alkaline earth metals. Nevertheless, the solubility may differ markedly: Give a convincing reason:
The solubilities of lead is different.
The lead compounds are more covalent in character, and also have a considerable high bond strength which means (aka lattice enthalpy).On the other hand lead compounds are insoluble, this energy is too high for hydration enthalpies (the energy released when water surrounds an ion of either charge).
Consider the position of Pb in the periodic table and the position of the Alkali Earth metals.
Alkali Earth Metals occupies noble-gas configuration when they are doubly charged cations.
Lead however is on the right hand side, and would like to have more electrons to get converted to get stable configuration; making the bonds in lead-compounds more covalent -as well as stronger- in nature.
The lattice enthalpies of insoluble compounds always have higher than the enthalpy of solvation.
Now, since Alkali Earth metals always like to be in ionic states; their compounds will dissolve in general more easily than the same compounds with lead, usually the lattice energy of lead compounds is much higher (In case of insoluble compounds higher than the energy that would be released upon solvation, which thus doesn't occur).
Thus, we can conclude with the fact of different solubilities.
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True/False: All entropies of fusion are negative.
True - fusion leads to less microstates (degrees of freedom).
False - fusion leads to more microstates (degrees of freedom).
False - fusion leads to less microstates (degrees of freedom).
True - fusion leads to more microstates (degrees of freedom).
The statement All entropies of fusion are negative is Fasle.
This is because - fusion leads to more microstates (degrees of freedom).
Hence, option B is correct.
What is entropy?Entropy is a measure of the degree of randomness of a body.
The higher the randomness of a substance, the higher the entropy of the substance, and vice versa.
Hence, any process that results in an increase in the randomness of the particles of a substance results in an increase in the entropy of that substance.
Thus, the process of change of state where the substance changes from a more ordered state to a less ordered state has a positive value for entropy change.
The processes of change of state that increases the value of the entropy of a substance are
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how to write a test variable and an outcome variable for science
Answer:
A test variable is a user-defined, name-value pair that stores and refers to information throughout a test and between tests.
Provide a default value to the variable during declaration.
Change the value of the variable using Set Variable statement. You can use the Add and Insert menus of the Test Editor to create Set Variable statements.
Set hard-coded value or value retried from a data source, such as dataset or reference that appears before the Set statement to the variable.
If a variable is initialized at various places such as test, compound test, schedule, or user group, the product uses the following order to initialize the value of the variable when running the test. The variable set in the variable table of the compound test editor takes the highest precedence followed by others:
Compound test setting in the variable table UI
Compound test specified in a var file
User group setting in the variable table UI
User group specified in a var file
Schedule specified setting in the variable table UI
Schedule specified in a var file
Command line
Outcome variables are usually the dependent variables which are observed and measured by changing independent variables. These variables determine the effect of the cause (independent) variables when changed for different values. The dependent variables are the outcomes of the experiments determining what was caused or what changed as a result of the study.
For a simple example, the marks a student obtains in an exam is a result of the hard word measured in the number of hours put behind studying and the intelligence measured in IQ are the independent variables. The marks obtained thus represents the dependent or outcome variable. When the values of the independent variables are changed, the marks may or may not change and hence dependent variables are dependent on the independent variables while the opposite is implausible i.e., when the marks are changed, it doesn’t change the number of hours of study or the IQ of the student.
The response variable is also called as the dependent variable because it depends on the causal factor, the independent variable. Depending on the various input values of the experimental variables, the responses are recorded.
the 3' end of a strand of dna contains a(n) ____ extending from the 3rd carbon of the sugar molecule.
The 3' end of a strand of DNA contains a hydroxide group extending from the 3rd carbon of the sugar molecule.
The 3' and 5' ends of DNA molecules are referred to as the phosphate-sugar backbone of the molecule. The 3' end of the DNA is composed of a phosphate group and a deoxyribose sugar. The 5' end of the molecule is composed of a phosphate group and a ribose sugar. Both the 3' and 5' ends are connected by a covalent bond between the phosphate group and the sugar.
The 3' end of the DNA molecule is known as the "tail" or "tail end" because it is the end of the molecule that is furthest away from the double helix structure.
The 3' end is also referred to as the "hydroxyl end" because it contains a hydroxyl group. This hydroxyl group is important for certain metabolic processes such as DNA replication and transcription.
The 5' end of the DNA molecule is known as the "head" or "head end" because it is the end of the molecule that is closest to the double helix structure.
The 5' end is also referred to as the "phosphate end" because it contains a phosphate group. This phosphate group is important for certain metabolic processes such as DNA replication and transcription.
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which statement is not part of the kinetic molecular theory of gases that tells us how gases generally behave? which statement is not part of the kinetic molecular theory of gases that tells us how gases generally behave? the actual volume occupied by gas molecules is extremely small compared with the volume that the gas occupies. the average kinetic energy of gas molecules is proportional to the kelvin temperature. the attractive forces between the particles of a gas are usually very strong. gas particles move randomly with high velocities.
The statement is not part of the kinetic molecular theory of gases that tells us how gases generally behave is "the attractive forces between the particles of a gas are usually very strong".
What is kinetic theory gases?The kinetic theory of gases describes a gas as a large number particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant, random motion.
The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of the container.
The following are some of the assumptions of kinetic theory of gases;
the actual volume occupied by gas molecules is extremely small compared with the volume that the gas occupies.the average kinetic energy of gas molecules is proportional to the kelvin temperaturegas particles move randomly with high velocities.Thus, the only incorrect statement about kinetic theory of gases is "the attractive forces between the particles of a gas are usually very strong".
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when 50 ml of 0.10 m naf is added to 50 ml of 0.10 m hf, relative to the ph of the 0.10 m hfsolution the ph of the resulting solution willa. remain the sameb. become 7c. increased. decrease
When 50 ml of 0.10 m NaF is added to 50 ml of 0.10 m HF, relative to the pH of the 0.10 m HF solution the pH of the resulting solution will increased. the option c increased is correct.
The pH is the measurement for the solution that it is acidic or the basic or it is neutral. the pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 in the scale. the pH value in the 7 is for the neutral solution. that means it is neither basic nor acidic. the pH value greater than 7 will be the basic solution. the pH value in the pH scale less than 7 is for the acidic solution.
Thus, the pH will increases as compared to the value of the 0.10 M HF. the option c is correct.
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If sufficient HCL is present, the reaction will go to completion, and all the Zinc will be used up. Explain how this is an illustration of LeChatelier's principle. Zn(s)+2HCL(l)-----> ZnCL2 + H2(g) Please provide a clear explanation. Thank you.
When concentration of HCl increases, reaction moves in such a way so as to decrease the concentration of HCl. Reaction moves forward to consume HCl and zinc will be used up. Reaction will form more products and goes to completion.
What does Lechatelier's principle state?
Le Chatelier's principle can be stated as follows: A change in one of the variables that describe a system at equilibrium produces a shift in the position of the equilibrium that counteracts the effect of this change.
What are the three elements concerned in Le Chatelier's principle?
There are 3 chemical modifications to a gadget that Le Chatelier's Principle addresses: concentration, pressure, and temperature. Concentration modifications show up while the variety of reactants or merchandise are both accelerated or decreased.
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ordering question click and drag on elements in order rank the following 0.1 m salt solutions in order of increasing ph (lowest ph at the top of the list).
NaHSO4 <NH4NO3<NaHCO3<Na2CO3 salt solutions in order of increasing ph (lowest ph at the top of the list).
The pH scale determines how basic or acidic aqueous or other liquid solutions are. The expression converts the hydrogen ion concentration, which typically ranges between 0 and 14, into values between 1 and 1014 gram-equivalents per litre. It is widely employed in the fields of biology, agronomy, and chemistry. Because it has a pH of 7, or 107 gram-equivalents of hydrogen ions per litre, pure water is neutral (neither acidic nor alkaline).
In an aqueous solution, the amount of hydrogen ions expressed in equivalents per litre is equal to log(H+). Since it indicates which crops will thrive there, a soil's pH is probably the most significant factor affecting its moisture content in agriculture.
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An atmospheric inversion is a phenomenon that may have disastrous effects with respect to
air pollution. An atmospheric inversion occurs when a
A) lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air.
B) lower layer of warm air is trapped by an upper layer of cooler air.
C) lower layer of oxygen rich air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen deficient air.
D) lower layer of oxygen deficient air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen rich air.
An atmospheric inversion occurs when a lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air. So the correct option is 'A'
What is an inversion?An inversion is a change/deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude. Atmospheric inversion are layers where the temperature rises with height. Multiple heights may experience the same temperature when inversions are present. The retrieval of cloud height becomes troublesome if the retrieved cloud temperature is within the range of temperatures in the inversion layer.
Inversion layer is a region or layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases rather than decreases with elevation.
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which atom is matched with the correct formal charge?
a. s in socl2, b. 1 br in bro3-, c. zero n in no3-,
d. zero n in no2f, e. zero o in h3o
1 br in bro3- the correct formal charge.
How can you determine an atom's formal charge?For each atom in a Lewis structure, you should count how many electrons it "owns" in order to get the formal charges. All of its lone pair electrons as well as 50% of its bonding electrons should be counted. The formal charge is the discrepancy between the atom's number of valence electrons and the number it possesses.
What kind of atom has a formal charge of 1 in this molecule?When the carbon atom has three bonds in addition to one lonely pair of electrons, carbonions are created. Carbanions have a formal charge of 1 and 5 valence electrons.
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choose the best lewis structure for icl5
The formation of molecule can easily be shown by drawing Lewis dot structure. Since atom's Lewis dot structure has three dots. Therefore, the valence electron around Iodine is 7, out of 7 electron, 5 electron will make single bond with one electron of chlorine.
What is Lewis dot structure?Lewis dot structure is a way to represent the valence electron of an element in the form of dot.
These are mainly beneficial in understanding the chemical formula of covalent compound. The valence electron around Iodine is 7, out of 7 electron, 5 electron will make single bond with one electron of chlorine.
Therefore, the valence electron around Iodine is 7, out of 7 electron, 5 electron will make single bond with one electron of chlorine.
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hydroiodic acid
Express your answer as a chemical formula.
The chemical formula of hydroiodic acid is HI.
What is chemical formula?Chemical formula is as used in chemistry is a notation indicating the number of atoms of each element present in a compound. It shows the type and number atoms of an element present in a compound.
For example, the molecular or chemical formula for ethane is C₂H₆.This shows that ethane contains 2 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms.
Hydroiodic acid is a compound made up of two elements namely;
HydrogenIodineTherefore, the chemical formula for hydroiodic acid is HI.
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Calculate the number of C70 molecules that can be made from one mole of
carbon atoms.
The Avogadro constant = 6.02 × 10²³ per mole
[3]
The number of c70 molecules that can be made from one mole of carbon atoms would be 42.14 × 10²³ molecules.
Number of molecules in molesAccording to standards, 1 mole of any substance contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules of the substance.
C70 is an allotope of carbon that contains 70 atoms in a single molecule of its atom.
If 1 mole of carbon contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules by standard, then the number of C70 molecules that can be made from 1 mole of carbon atoms would be:
6.02 × 10²³ x 7 = 42.14 × 10²³ molecules
In other words, the number of C70 molecules that can be made from one mole of carbon atom would be 42.14 × 10²³ molecules.
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a swimming pool in the shape of a rectangular prism has a volume of 4,800 cubic feet. the length of the pool is 2 feet less than twice the width, and the height is 6 feet less than the width. find the length and width of the pool.
The length and width of the swimming pool is 23.08.
What is length?
The term "length" refers to a measurement along an object's largest dimension. A portion of space, or volume, is occupied by a sample of material. Volume of an object can be determined by knowing the length of each side.
What is height?
The vertical distance between an object's top and bottom or its base and something above it is what is meant by the terms height, altitude, and elevation. Height is a vertical measurement, whether or not something is high.
2*6=4800
12=6400
=533^
=23.08
Therefore, the length and width of the swimming pool is 23.08.
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Elements In Group Have A Np6 Electron Configuration In The Outer Shell.
(a) 6A
(b) 7A
(c) 5A
(d) 8A
(e) 4A
Elements in group 8A have a np6 electron configuration in the outer shell. Therefore, the correct answer option is: (d) 8A.
What are valence electrons?In Chemistry, valence electrons can be defined as the number of electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom of a specific chemical element.
Additionally, valence electrons are used to determine whether an atom or group of chemical elements that are found on a periodic table can chemically bond with others.
What are noble gases?In Chemistry, noble gases are chemical elements with eight valence electrons and as such have a full octet. Also, some examples of noble gases are argon, neon, etc.
In conclusion, all noble gases that are found in group 8A of the periodic table have a np6 electron configuration in the outer shell.
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Part F
Why is it a good idea to perform three trials at each concentration? How
experiment to produce more reliable results?
Answer:
If one is analyzing a solution, for the best accuracy, the volume of titrant used should fall in the upper range of the burette that delivers the titrant. If one is using a 50 ml burette, one would like the volume to fall in maybe the 30 to 45 ml range. If on the first trial, the volume of titrant used is only a few ml, then a larger volume of solution being analyzed should be taken. If the volume of titrant exceeds 50 ml, then a smaller volume of solution should be taken. One should not need three trials. Based on the first trial, one should be able to determine the optimum volume of solution to be analyzed. If one is lucky, the optimum amount may occur on the first trial.
61. Which sample has the largest mass? A) 1 mole of marshmallows B) 1 mole of Pb atoms C) 1 mole of CO2 molecules D) All of these have the same mass
No of moles of a substance = (Mass of substance / Molar mass of substance)
Here, all given substances have equal moles, i.e, 1 mole.
Hence,
mass of substance variation is directly related to their molar masses, the higher the molar mass, the greater is the mass of that substance.
Here, we know, order of the masses, in descending order are-
Marshmellows > Pb > CO2
Therefore, Masses are in same order-
Marshmellows > Pb > CO2
Thus, 1 mole of marshmellows has largest mass.
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Draw the Lewis structure for BrF5. The hybridization on the Br is (sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2). The molecule is (choose one: polar or nonpolar)
The hybridization on the Br in BrF₅ is sp³d². the molecule is polar molecule .
The hybridization of bromin pentafluoride , BrF₅ sp³d² hybridize. in the structure of BrF₅ the boromine contains one lone pair of electron. the lewis structure is shown as follows :
F
|
F - Br : - F
| |
F F
the valence electron the Br atom are 7 valence electron out of which 5 are making bonds with the fluorine atom. two of them are present as lone of electrons. one s , three p and two d orbitals are taking part in hybridization . BrF₅ is the polar molecule as the difference in electro negativity in Br and the F atom contributes to the unequal charge distribution.
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chemical reactions are used so often in cooking. besides pickling, find 3 more examples where a chemical reaction has taken place in cooking.
Chemical reactions are used so often in cooking. besides pickling, some of the examples are Caramelization happens that's a form of chemical response, whilst we warmness sugar.
Heating a meat adjustment its colour to brownish because of Maillard response. -Baking the bread makes them upward push because of the formation of carbon dioxide bubbles throughout the response among baking powder and liquid ingredients.
What is chemical reaction?
In a systematic sense, a chemical procedure is a technique or manner of come what may converting one or greater chemical substances or chemical compounds. Such a chemical procedure can arise through itself or be because of an outdoor force and entails a chemical response of a few sorts.
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Radio wave in the AM region have frequencie in the rang 539 to 1700 kilocycle per econd (530 to 1700 KHz). Calculate the wavelength correponding to a radio wave of grequncy 1460000/ (that i 1460 KHz)
The wavelength is 241.77m.
What is frequency?
Hertz gives the frequency at which a recurring event occurs once every second (Hz). The number of vibrations or cycles per unit of time is the definition of frequency, as we are all aware.
What is wavelength?
A wave's wavelength is the separation between its successive crests, notably between the points of an electromagnetic wave.
frequency = 1.240*10^6 s^-1
speed of light = 2.998*10^-8 m/s
λ = wavelength
C= λv
λ=c/v
λ= 2.998*10^-8 m/s/1.240*10^6 s^-1
λ= 241.77m
Therefore, wavelength is 241.77m.
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Using a drawing, compare the atomic radius of the following elements. Be sure your drawing ranks them from smallest radius to largest radius.
Potassium
Sodium
Sulfur
Selenium
The arrangement of the elements from smallest atomic radius to largest atomic radius is S < Se < Na < K
What is the atomic radius of an element?The atomic radius of an element is a measure of the size of the atom of an element.
The atomic radius of an element is calculated as one-half the distance between the nuclei of two covalently bonded atoms of the element. Atomic radius is one of the properties of an atom that show periodicity.
The periodicity of elements is the regular variation of the properties of an element across a period and down a group.
The atomic radius of atoms of elements increases down the group and decreases across a period.
Considering the atomic radius of the given element:
Potassium has the largest atomic radiusSodium has the next largest atomic radiusSelenium has the next largest atomic radiusSulfur has the least atomic radius.Learn more about atomic radius at: https://brainly.com/question/13126562
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Write the formula for each of the following:
a. tin(II) carbonate
b. lithium phosphide
c. silicon tetrachloride
d. manganese(III) oxide
e. bromine
f. calcium bromide
Hope this answer helps you
Copper crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice (the cu atoms are at the lattice points only). If the density of the metal is 8. 96 g/cm3, what is the unit cell edge length in pm?.
The unit cell edge length in pm is 361 pm.
given that :
the density of the metal , ρ = 8.96 g/cm³
atomic mass = 63.54 g/mol
the atomic cell = 4 atoms
Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mol
the expression is given as follows :
cell volume = (atoms × atomic mass ) / density × Avogadro's number)
= ( 4 × 63.54 ) / 8.96 × 6.022 × 10²³)
= 4.71 × 10⁻²³ cm³
a = ∛4.71 × 10⁻²³ cm³
a = 361 pm
The unit cell edge length is 361 pm.
Thus, Copper crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice (the cu atoms are at the lattice points only). If the density of the metal is 8. 96 g/cm3, the unit cell edge length in pm is 361 pm.
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