Toll-like receptors are eukaryotic membrane proteins that bind with bacterial surface molecules and: ____________

a. cause the cell to phagocytize the bacteria.
b. activate the complement cascade.
c. cause the release of antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
d. form channels through which bacterial proteins can enter the eukaryotic cell.
e. cause the release of cytokines that trigger host defenses against the bacteria.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

release cytokines that trigger host defenses against the bacteria

Explanation:


Related Questions

Where does energy go in respiration

Answers

Answer:

Summary. Through the process of cellular respiration, the energy in food is converted into energy that can be used by the body's cells. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and the energy is transferred to ATP.

if mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the g1 checkpoint, they will:

Answers

If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will complete the cell cycle and divide normally.

What is the Cell Cycle?

The cell cycle may be defined as the entire sequence of events happening from the end of one nuclear division to the beginning of the next nuclear division.

There are three major checkpoints in the cell cycle. One at the end of the G1 phase, the second at the end of the G2 phase, and while third is during the M phase.

Therefore, if mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will complete the cell cycle and divide normally.

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What should be done with the contents of
a composter? Explain your reasoning.

Answers

Answer:

Finally, the number of times the pile is turned influences composting speed. By turning more frequently (about every 2-4 weeks), you will produce compost more quickly. Waiting at least two weeks allows the center of the pile to heat up and promotes maximum bacterial activity. The average composter turns the pile every 4-5 weeks.

When turning the compost pile, make sure that materials in the center are brought to the outsides, and that materials from the outside edges are brought to the center.

With frequent turning, compost can be ready in about 3 months, depending on the time of year. In winter, the activity of the bacteria slows, and it is recommended that you stop turning the pile after November to keep heat from escaping the pile's center. In summer, warm temperatures encourage bacterial activity and the composting process is quicker

Using compost in the yard

Incorporate compost into your garden as you prepare the soil in the spring. Cover the area with 3-4 inches of soil and till it in to at least the upper 6 inches of soil. Add compost to soil in vegetable gardens, annual flower beds, and around new perennials as they are planted.

You may also use compost as mulch around flower beds, vegetable gardens, or around trees or shrubs in landscape beds. Apply a 3 inch layer. Be careful not to apply mulch close to the main stem or trunk of the plant.

Explanation:

Sofia’s favorite meal is breakfast, and she is careful to include healthy components along with her favorite foods. She knows breakfast helps to keep her energy levels up until lunch. Sophia's digestive system helps her body get energy from food. How do the nutrients from food get to the body's cells? A. The nutrients are distributed by the digestive system to the parts of the body that need them. B. The nutrients are picked up and transported around the body by blood from the circulatory system. C. The nutrients are absorbed directly into the cells that need them. D. The circulatory system brings nutrients to the digestive system to be processed for the cells.

Answers

Answer: c

Explanation:because it needs cells I think…

The nutrients from the food get to the cells of the body by the action of two organ systems i.e. the digestive system and the circulatory system.

What is the role of the digestive system?

The digestive system may be defined as a type of organ system that significantly deals with the breakdown of food substances into simpler components that can easily be consumed by the body.

According to the context of the question, the food that we eat reaches the stomach through the esophagus where multiple enzymes perform their roles. After the stomach, the food may be passed to the small intestine which is absorbed here and then the nutrients assimilate in the blood.

Through the blood, the nutrient can be transported around the body by blood from the circulatory system. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.

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a section of a dna molecule that controls the thumb is called a

Answers

Answer:

gene

Explanation:

Which of the following help to break down proteins?

Answers

Answer:

b. Pepsin and trysin

Explanation: is correct

B) pepsin and trysin

Ciliated ependymal cells: A) help form the blood-brain barrier. B) circulate cerebrospinal fluid. C) form myelin in the brain and spinal cord. D) serve as wandering phagocytes during brain injury.

Answers

Ciliated ependymal cells: circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Ependymal cells are a type of epithelial cell that is associated with the cavities of the body through which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.

They are part of glial cells, which share space with neurons in the nervous system.

They create the membranes that keep cerebrospinal fluid circulating through the ependymal canal of the spinal cord and the cerebral ventricles.

For this, the ciliated structure that these cells present is essential for a correct movement of the cerebrospinal fluid, preventing it from spilling through other tissues and passing to areas of the body where it should not be.

The cilia move rhythmically creating tiny currents for fluid to flow through the central nervous system.

A small fraction of highly specialized and modified ependymal cells, called choroidal cells, are responsible for generating this essential fluid.

Therefore, we can conclude that ciliated ependymal cells circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

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Why is it important that mitosis occurs like this

Answers

Answer: The cell divides upon these processes during a process known as mitosis. In mitosis, two daughter cells are formed. It is important that each of the daughter cells contain genetic information that is identical to that of the mother cell, as well as that there be no mutations. Mitosis is Important for three main things:

> Growth

> Repair

> Reproduction

hope it helps.

To be honest i didn't get your question but i gave the basic info for Mitosis

Please pick me for Brainliest

Explanation:

Given the number of blood vessels in the retina, why do you suppose that you are not able to see them normally

Answers

Answer:

You can't see the blood vessels themselves because vision depends on a process that makes it impossible to see things that are stationary with respect to the retina. Light receptors in the retina respond only to changes in light reaching them, not to a steady image.

Have a great day! :D

A place where animals and plants are protected is called

A) an ecosystem
B) a refuge
C) a sanctuary
D) both B and C

Hello! can someone help me w this pls

Answers

A place where animals and plants are protected is an ecosystem

HELP PLEASE WILL BE MARKED BRAINLIEST
How is water split into hydrogen and oxygen during photosynthesis? What substances get used up during photosynthesis? What type of energy is ATP? What is produced during glycolysis?

Answers

The atmosphere of water sources rely on oxygen and under water erosion source

what modern day scientist use to learn the Ordovician Period

Answers

Rocks from the Ordovician Period contain evidence that plants began colonizing dry land at this time. Most experts agree that the ancestors of land plants first evolved in a marine environment, then moved into a freshwater environment and finally onto land.

Ordovician Period, in geologic time, the second period of the Paleozoic Era. It began 485.4 million years ago, following the Cambrian Period, and ended 443.8 million years ago, when the Silurian Period began. Ordovician rocks have the distinction of occurring at the highest elevation on Earth—the top of Mount Everest.

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please help i will give brainliest

Answers

Answer:

Mark Brainliest

Explanation:

Trap NestSaltStarter MashInternetPneumoniaPeiits GoatsChicken CoopPlankTonsFertilizer

Which two atoms form an ionic bond?
A.sodium and bromine
B. two sodium atoms
C. two oxygen atoms
D fluorine and chlorine

Answers

Answer:

sodium and bromine

Explanation:

The one valence electron from sodium would be transferred to the bromine atom so they can both have an octet.

Which two atoms form an ionic bond?

Answer : A

Explanation : Ionic bond is a type of chemical bond and binds the chemical molecules together. Ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from an electropositive element ( metal) to the electronegative element (non metal).

Sodium is an electropositive element and contains one positive charge. Bromine is an electronegative element with a single negative charge over it. Sodium gives the electron to bromine and results in the formation of ionic bond.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

Hope this helps you!

Describe how ions, water and sugar are obtained and transported
through plants. In your answer you should refer to materials moving upwards in a plant and to
materials moving downwards in a plant

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Water moves through the xylem in a stream called a transpiration stream, up to the leaves of the plant. Sugar is made during the process of photosynthesis. Unlike water and ions, it travels through the plant via the phloem, moving up and down through the plant.

Which plate is the Eurasian plate?
A. D
B. C
C. B
D. A

Answers

i believe it’s D. :)

the three steps that are required for dna replication are

Answers

Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment.

The three steps that are required for DNA  replication are initiation, elongation and termination.

What is DNA replication ?

The process in which DNA of a cell under go duplication to produce two copies during S-phase of cell cycle called as DNA replication.

It involves 3 steps such as initiation step where the origin of replication of DNA molecule undergo unwinding into two DNA strands.

An incomplete unzipping by forming replication fork is created is catalyzed by the helicase enzyme.

Secondly in elongation step the DNA polymerase enzymes make the complementary sequence against each parent template strand.  

It is an unidirectional, one strand which is synthesized in a continuous manner called leading strand, the strand which is synthesized in a discontinuous manner called lagging strand with Okazaki fragments.

Termination occurs in the last step, when the parent molecule has been completely replicated.

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The main goal of photosynthesis is to produce what?

Answers

Answer:

To spread carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Explanation:

Plants produce carbon dioxide and oxygen. This is called photosynthesis.

How does humus help in plant growth?​

Answers

Explanation:

Humus gives the soil the ability to absorb and retain moisture. Such soils do not dry out and require significantly less irrigation. Humus provides a reservoir for the plant nutrients available in the soil for balanced plant growth.

Answer:

Humus gives the soil the ability to absorb and retain moisture. Such soils do not dry out and require significantly less irrigation. Humus provides a reservoir for the plant nutrients available in the soil for balanced plant growth.

Which of the following sentences state a significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants? Traits are inherited in discrete units and are not the result of "blending." Genes are composed of DNA. Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 generation than do dominant ones. There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas.

Answers

Mendel concluded that the alternative forms of each trait are coded by discrete factors, which were called alleles that combine in pairs to express the trait. Traits are inherited in discrete units and are not the result of "blending."

------------------------

After making many crosses that involved different traits -such as plant height, or flower colors-, Mendel observed that, per trait, the F1 only expressed one of the alternative forms, while de other one disappeared.

Mendel named dominant the expressed variant.

Mendel then let these new plants auto pollinate and observed the results in the second generation, F2.

He saw that the variants that had previously disappeared among the F1, reappeared again. Both alternatives for each trait were present in the F2.

Mendel named recessive the second alternative variant.

Mendel explained his results by arguing that discrete factors were responsible for these phenotypes.

These factors should have been present in the F1 in pairs.

One of them came from one parental plant, and the other factor came from the other plant.

These factors separated again during sex cells formation, producing two types of gametes, each with only one factor.

Mendel conclusion about his experiments was that per trait -flower color of plant length-, each plant had a pair of factors -which he named alleles-, and that each factor coded for one of the alternative forms of the traits -white or purple, tall or short-.

He thought that alleles separate -segregate- during the process of gamete formation.

The First Mendel's Law is the first conclusion he took about his experiments and is known as the segregation principle.

 

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where would the majority of the dna be located within a eukaryotic cell?

Answers

Answer:

cell nucleus

In eukaryotic cells, most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (though some DNA is also contained in other organelles, such as in the mitochondria and the chloroplast in plants). Nuclear DNA is organized into linear molecules called chromosomes.

Explanation:

Which procedure will determine if water temperature affects the weathering of sedimentary rocks?

Answers

Answer:

Sedimentary.

Explanation:

Sedimentary will determine if water temperature affects the weathering of sedimentary rocks.

What are the two arms of chromosome called?
a. Centromere
b. Chromatid
c. Nucleotides
d. Histones​

Answers

a. centromere

hope this helps

How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured using products or reactants.

Answers

Answer:

Theory of Measurements:

Leaf photosynthetic rate is measured by enclosing a leaf in a closed, transparent chamber and measuring the decrease in carbon dioxide concentration as a function of time.

What organism belongs to the Prokaryotic domain of life and it comes in three different
shapes, such as cocci, rod, and spiral?

Answers

Answer:

eubacteria

Explanation:

I took the quiz :)

The organisms that belong to the Prokaryotic domain of life and it comes in three different shapes, such as cocci, rods, and spirals are known as Eubacteria.

What do you mean by the Prokaryotic domain?

The prokaryotic domain may be characterized as the kingdom of Prokaryotes is significantly made up of two domains namely, Archaea and Bacteria. These eubacteria are classified under the domain of bacteria which is represented by the relation based on the DNA experimental approach.

According to the context of this question, there are mainly three types of eubacteria commonly found. They are round (coccus), rod-like (bacillus), comma-shaped (vibrio), or spiral. All these types of different body plans, structures, and functions with respect to their morphology.

Therefore, eubacterium is a type of organism that belongs to the Prokaryotic domain of life and it comes in three different shapes, such as cocci, rod, and spiral.

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What is a fishing bed

Answers

A fishing bed is an underwater solid surface on which fish spawn to reproduce themselves

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Which nucleic acid moves the code for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the ribosomes?

A. dRNA

B. tRNA

C. rRNA

D. mRNA

Answers

Answer:

mRNA

Explanation:

enjoy mate

Answer:mRNA

Explanation: Just had this unit.

DNA molecules separate into single strands which are then used to construct two identical strands of DNA this process ensures genetic

A)consistency
B)variability
C)diversity
D)reduction

Answers

Answer: A)consistency

Explanation:

5. It is the process of separating coconut pulp (sapal) from coconut milk.
A on stallization B. disollation C. filtration
D. flotation​

Answers

Answer:

the answer is c

Explanation:

filtration

Chlorophyll appears green because it…?

Answers

Answer:

Chlorophyll gives plants their green color because it does not absorb the green wavelengths of white light. That particular light wavelength is reflected from the plant, so it appears green. Plants that use photosynthesis to make their own food are called autotrophs.

Answer:

A. absorbs green light

B. reflects green light

C. emits green light

ANSWER: B. reflects green light

Explanation:

our eyes can only see what objects reflect, so if it's appearing green then obviously it's reflecting the green light.

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