Topic: Rotational Motion

The motor in an electric saw brings the circular blade from rest up to the rated angular velocity of 80.0 rev/s in 240.0 rev. One type of blade has a moment of inertia of 1.41×10^-3 kg.m^2. Determine the net torque (assumed constant) the motor must apply to the blade.

The expression for the Young Modulus E of the metal is E = mgl / Ae. The Young Modulus E of the metal is calculated using the equation  E = (F l) / (A e2 m), where F is the force applied to the wire.

To find the expression for the Young modulus E of a metal wire with length l, cross-sectional area A, and mass m hung from the other end of the wire, we need to use the following formula:Stress (σ) = Load (F) / Area (A)Strain (ε) = Extension (Δl) / Original length (l)Young Modulus (E) = Stress (σ) / Strain (ε)We know that the metal wire is fixed at one end and the wire extends a distance e when a mass m is hung from the other end of the wire. Therefore, the extension Δl is equal to e.

Let's assume that g is the acceleration due to gravity. Therefore, the load F is equal to m * g.Substituting the values of F, A, and Δl in the above formula, we get:Stress (σ) = F / A = (m * g) / AStrain (ε) = Δl / l = e / lYoung Modulus (E) = Stress (σ) / Strain (ε)= (m * g) / (A * e / l) = mgl / AeTherefore, an expression for the Young Modulus E of the metal is E = mgl / Ae.

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Refer to the attached image.

Overall: Parts (a) and (c) need to be corrected.

To determine the angle of the largest incline the truck can climb at a constant speed of 72 km/h, we need to use the formula for power, which is P = Fv, where P is the power, F is the force, and v is the velocity.

Since the velocity is constant, the force required to maintain this speed up an incline is equal to the force of gravity acting on the truck, which is given by Fg = mg, where m is the mass of the truck and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Thus, we can write the equation for the maximum incline angle as:

sinθ = Fg/F

where θ is the angle of the incline. Substituting the given values, we get:

sinθ = (mg)/Pv

sinθ = (120000 kg)(9.81 m/s²)

sinθ =( 0.157)/(380000 W)(20 m/s)

θ = 9.04 degrees

Therefore, the angle of the largest incline the truck can climb at a constant speed of 72 km/h is approximately 9.04 degrees.

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The maximum angle of incline the truck can climb at a constant speed of 72 km/h without slipping is approximately 18.3 degrees.

calculation of the question :-

First, we need to calculate the force required to maintain a constant speed of 72 km/h on an incline. We can use the following formula:

Force = weight * sin(theta) + rolling resistance + air resistance

where weight is the weight of the truck, theta is the angle of the incline, rolling resistance is the force required to overcome the friction between the wheels and the ground, and air resistance is the force required to overcome air resistance.

Since the wheels do not slip on the ground, the rolling resistance is equal to the weight of the truck multiplied by the coefficient of rolling resistance, which is typically around 0.01. Air resistance is typically negligible at lower speeds, so we can ignore it in this case.

Let's assume the weight of the truck is 120 kN and the coefficient of rolling resistance is 0.01. We can now calculate the force required to maintain a constant speed of 72 km/h on an incline:

Force = 120 kN * sin(theta) + 0.01 * 120 kN

Next, we need to determine the power required to produce this force. We can use the following formula:

Power = force * speed

where speed is the speed of the truck in meters per second. Since the speed of the truck is 72 km/h, or 20 m/s, we can calculate the power required:

Power = (120 kN * sin(theta) + 0.01 * 120 kN) * 20 m/s

Now we can use the given engine power of 380 kW to determine the maximum angle of incline:

380 kW = (120 kN * sin(theta) + 0.01 * 120 kN) * 20 m/s

Simplifying this equation, we get:

sin(theta) = (380 kW / (120 kN * 20 m/s)) - 0.01

sin(theta) = 0.3167

Taking the inverse sine of both sides, we get:

theta = sin^-1(0.3167) = 18.3 degrees

Therefore, the maximum angle of incline the truck can climb at a constant speed of 72 km/h without slipping is approximately 18.3 degrees.

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Answer:

it is A

Explanation:

The road surface condition on which most motor vehicle crashes in Florida occurred was on WET ROADS.

The blank space should be filled with the word 'wet'.

A wet road is a road with water or other fluids on it, making it slippery, and it can cause vehicles to skid, slide, or hydroplane. Wet roads have been found to be the most common surface condition in most car accidents in Florida because of its weather condition.

Therefore, drivers should be extra careful while driving in the rain or during a storm to prevent such collisions. It's recommended to lower your driving speed, keep your car's headlights on, and avoid sharp turns or sudden braking when driving on wet roads.

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Answer: Neodymium

Explanation: Neodymium is the strongest magnet. It is an alloy made from iron and boron. is the strongest magnet.

The strength of the magnetic field around the coil can be increased by increasing the current flowing through the coil (this will increase the flux) or by increasing the number of coil turns. which will also increase the flux Φ.

at the poles

The magnetic field around a magnet is the strongest at the poles. The maximum number of magnetic field lines pass through the poles.

The minimum time required to pull out lonie from the snake pit is √(3/4) seconds.

Given: Mass, m = 70 kg Distance, d = 3 m Limiting tension, T = 755N

The minimum time required to pull out lonie from a snake pit, t

Given, mass, m = 70 kg Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s²Distance, d = 3 m

Let's assume the minimum time required to pull out lonie from a snake pit is t.

So, using the equation of motion,S = ut + 1/2 at²

Here, S = d = 3m (Distance),u = 0 m/s (Initial velocity),a = g = 9.8 m/s² (Acceleration) and t = time

Substituting the above values in the equation, we get3 = 0 + 1/2 × 9.8 × t² => t² = 3/4 => t = √(3/4) sec

Also, we know that the tension in the rope is given byT = mg + ma

Now, the rope will break when T exceeds 755 N.

So, substituting the values of m, g, and a in the above equation, we getT = mg + ma = 70 × 9.8 + 70 × a

Since the tension in the rope should be less than or equal to 755 N, we have70 × 9.8 + 70 × a ≤ 755 => a ≤ (755 - 70 × 9.8)/70=> a ≤ 3.29 m/s²

Therefore, the minimum time required to pull out lonie from the snake pit is √(3/4) seconds.

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The charge that passes through the capacitor is 3.132 mC (milli Coulombs). Therefore, option B. 3.132 mCis the correct answer.

The circuit shown below is a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a capacitor, and a switch.

The capacitance of the capacitor is 27 µF, and it is initially uncharged. After switch S is closed, how much charge will pass through it?

Circuit diagram with a capacitor

The expression for the amount of charge (Q) that passes through the capacitor is

Q = CΔV,

where, C is the capacitance of the capacitor and

ΔV is the potential difference between the plates of the capacitor.

Q = CΔV = (27 × 10-6 F)(116 V)

Q = 3132 × 10-6 C

Q = 3.132 mC

The charge that passes through the capacitor is 3.132 mC (milli Coulombs).

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The volume of B can be calculated as follows: Volume of B = Mass of B / Density of B

When converting from mass of A to liters of B in a stoichiometry problem, the following steps must be followed:

Step 1: Write a balanced chemical equation representing the reaction between A and B.

Step 2: Calculate the molar mass of A and B.

Step 3: Convert the given mass of A to moles of A using the molar mass of A.

Step 4: Use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation to determine the number of moles of B that can be produced from the number of moles of A.

Step 5: Convert the number of moles of B to the volume of B in liters using the molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure or the density of a liquid or solid.

Step 1: Write a balanced chemical equation representing the reaction between A and B. The balanced chemical equation can be written as:

`nA + mB → xC + yD`Step

Step 2: Calculate the molar mass of A and B. Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. It is expressed in grams per mole. Therefore, the molar mass of A and B can be calculated using their atomic masses.

Step 3: Convert the given mass of A to moles of A using the molar mass of A.

Moles of A = Mass of A / Molar mass of A

Step 4: Use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation to determine the number of moles of B that can be produced from the number of moles of A. The stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation relates the number of moles of reactants to the number of moles of products. The stoichiometric coefficient of A and B indicates the number of moles of each that are required to react. Therefore, the number of moles of B produced can be calculated as follows:

Number of moles of B = Number of moles of A x Stoichiometric coefficient of B/Stoichiometric coefficient of A

Step 5: Convert the number of moles of B to the volume of B in liters using the molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure or the density of a liquid or solid. The molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is 22.4 L/mol. Therefore, the volume of B can be calculated as follows:

Volume of B = Number of moles of B x 22.4 L/mol

If B is a liquid or solid, its density can be used to convert the number of moles to volume.

The density of B is given in units of g/mL or g/cm³.

Therefore, the volume of B can be calculated as follows:

Volume of B = Mass of B / Density of B

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The power dissipated by the 60-k Ohm resistor is 3 mv and 24mv.

[tex]=V_1=V =4mv\\=I_{iN}=\frac{4mv}{10k}=0.4\mu A\\= \frac{V_1 - V+}{50k}=0.4\mu A\\V_1 - 4m= 20m\\V_1 = 24mv[/tex]

[tex]i_x=\frac{V_1}{20+(6 || 3)} =\frac{24*10^{-3}}{(20+2.857)*10^{3}}\\i_x=1.05\mu A\\i_0=\frac{i_x*60}{60+3}=1\mu A\\V_0=3k*1\mu=3mv\\V_0=3mv[/tex]

An Ohm resistor is a passive electrical component that restricts the flow of current in an electrical circuit. It is named after Georg Simon Ohm, a German physicist who discovered Ohm's law which states that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.

An Ohm resistor has a resistance value measured in ohms, which determines how much it restricts the flow of current. The higher the resistance value, the more it restricts the current flow. Ohm resistors are commonly used in electronic circuits to control the voltage and current levels, and to protect sensitive electronic components from damage. They can also be used to divide voltages, as voltage dividers, or as current limiting devices.

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Complete Question: -

Calculate i_x and v_o in the circuit of Fig. 5.70. Find the power dissipated by the 60-k Ohm resistor.

It is no longer legal to enslave people, but it took violence and significant legislation to secure legal rights, while access to voting rights remains a challenge.

The term "significant" can have different meanings depending on the context. In general, it implies that something is important, meaningful, or has a noteworthy impact or effect.

In the context of statistics, the term "significant" often refers to statistical significance, which is a measure of whether an observed effect or result is likely to be real and not just due to chance. A result is said to be statistically significant if the probability of obtaining that result by chance alone is very low, usually below a  threshold of 5% or 1%.

In scientific research, a finding or result is considered significant if it has practical implications or contributes to the understanding of a particular phenomenon or field of study. It may also be significant if it challenges existing theories or beliefs and leads to new insights or discoveries.

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At position 2, ion B falls. It is less deflected because it has a lesser mass than ions C, D, and E and the same charge as ion A.

A force perpendicular to the charged particle's velocity and the magnetic field's direction is applied when it reaches the magnetic field. The right-hand rule asserts that the palm will face the direction of the force if the thumb of the right hand points in the direction of the particle's velocity and the fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field. The particle's charge, velocity, and magnetic field intensity all affect how much force is generated.

Since all ions are moving at the same speed in this scenario, the force exerted on each ion is proportional to its charge to mass ratio. Ion B has the smallest mass of all the ions, so the least force and is least deflected of the ions, falling at position 2.

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Answer:

Explanation:

R/^5*r^6 Ok so  then this is simple once u get the answer u need to use the given formula in order to plug in the numbres sorry .

So basically

12 x r^6(u must fill in the number s ) and then u need to do `13x14xr the answer and use the rest of the numbers in order to figure out the quantities of each side for the shape . Then ur answer would be the r^x + x = ???

So yeah hope this helped

I think

Kind of

K Thanks Bye

The potential energy of an electron moving parallel to an electric field decreases as it moves from higher voltage to lower voltage. The work done by the electric field on the electron is equal to the decrease in potential energy. The potential energy of the electron is proportional to its charge and the voltage difference between the two points.

When an electron moves parallel to an electric field, its potential energy is conserved. The potential energy of an electron is proportional to its charge and the voltage through which it moves. As the electron moves from higher voltage to a lower voltage, its potential energy decreases. The work done by the electric field on the electron is equal to the decrease in potential energy. When the electron is at rest, it has a certain potential energy due to its position in the electric field. If the electron is allowed to move freely, it will accelerate towards the lower voltage region, gaining kinetic energy. As it moves, the electric field continues to do work on the electron, converting its potential energy into kinetic energy. If the electric field is uniform, the potential energy of the electron will be given by the equation U = -qV, where q is the charge of the electron and V is the voltage difference between the two points. The negative sign indicates that the potential energy decreases as the voltage difference decreases.

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The work done by w is 22491 J.

The work done by Ti is 10728 J.

we have to determine the amount of work done by w. We can use the formula

W = Fd,

where W is the work done, F is the force applied, and d is the distance over which the force is applied.

The mass of the piano is given as 255 kg, and it is lowered exactly 9 m from the second-story window to the ground.

We can calculate the force required to lower the piano using the formula

F = mg,

where m is the mass of the piano and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Therefore, [tex]F = 255 kg x 9.8 m/s^2 = 2499 N.[/tex]

Using the formula for work, we can calculate the work done by w as follows:

W = Fd = 2499 N x 9 m = 22491 J

we have to determine the amount of work done by Ti. We are given the magnitude of two forces, 1830 N and 1295 N, and the angle between them is 60°.

We can find the resultant force using the law of cosines, which states that

[tex]c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab cos(C),[/tex]

where c is the length of the side opposite the angle C and a and b are the lengths of the other two sides.

Therefore, [tex]c = sqrt(a^2 + b^2 - 2abcos(C)) = sqrt((1830 N)^2 + (1295 N)^2 - 2(1830 N)(1295 N)cos(60°)) = 2159 N.[/tex]

The angle between the resultant force and the horizontal is 45°, so we can calculate the work done by Ti using the formula

W = Fd cos(theta),

where theta is the angle between the force and the direction of motion.

Therefore, W = 2159 N x 7 m x cos(45°) = 10728 J.

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Clock a remains in place and clock b is carried around the earth (40,000 km). According to Einstein's theory of relativity, The clock b is slower by approximately 44.6 seconds.

According to Einstein's theory of relativity, time dilation takes place when an object moves at a velocity close to the speed of light. The closer the velocity is to the speed of light, the more time slows down. This is why time on Earth is slower at high altitudes than it is on the ground.

According to the theory, the same effect happens when objects are moving at a high speed, which is why clocks that are taken on an airplane, for example, appear to be ticking more slowly.

1. The following equation is used to determine the time dilation:

t = t0 / √(1 – v²/c²),

where t is the time elapsed, t0 is the time at rest, v is the velocity, and c is the speed of light. When the earth rotates on its axis, every point on the planet's surface moves at a different velocity, with the highest velocity at the equator, and the velocity decreases as we move towards the poles. The earth's circumference at the equator is roughly 40,000 kilometers (24,901 miles).
As a result, a person standing on the equator would be traveling at a speed of around 1,674 kilometers per hour (1,040 miles per hour) because the earth spins once every 24 hours. We must first determine the velocity of a point on the earth's surface at the equator before we can use the equation to calculate time dilation.

2. We use the formula

v = 2πr / T,

where v is velocity, r is the radius of the earth, and T is the time it takes the earth to complete one rotation. The formula is as follows:

v = 2πr / Tv

= 2 x 3.14 x 6,378 km / 24 hv

= 1,674 km/h

3. Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

t = t0 / √(1 – v²/c²)t = t0 / √(1 – (1,674 m/s)² / (299,792,458 m/s)²)t = t0 / √(1 – 2.8 x 10^-8)t = t0 / 0.9999999714

This means that the clock on the equator will tick slightly slower than it would at rest. The difference in time can be calculated by subtracting the two values:

t – t0 = t0 / 0.9999999714 – t0t – t0 = t0 (1 – 0.9999999714)t – t0 = 0.0000000286 t0

4. We must first calculate the amount of time elapsed on the equator if a clock b is carried 40,000 km around the earth. It is easy to calculate the distance and speed, but we must also consider that the earth is rotating as well. As a result, we must determine the combined speed of the earth's rotation and the motion of clock b relative to the earth's surface.

5. To calculate this combined velocity, we can use the Pythagorean theorem, which states that the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. If we imagine the velocity of the earth's rotation as the base of the triangle and the velocity of clock b as the height of the triangle, we can use this theorem to calculate the combined velocity as follows:

combined velocity = √(1,674² + vclock²)

where v clock is the velocity of clock b. Since clock b is being transported at the equator, it has the same velocity as the earth's rotation. As a result, we can substitute 1,674 km/h for v clock:

combined velocity = √(1,674² + 1,674²)

combined velocity = √(2 x 1,674²)

combined velocity = 2,367 km/h

6. Substituting the combined velocity into the equation for time dilation, we obtain:

t – t0 = t0 (1 – √(1 – v²/c²))t – t0 = t0 (1 – √(1 – (2,367 km/h)² / (299,792,458 m/s)²))t – t0

= t0 (1 – √(1 – 1.579 x 10^-11))t – t0

= t0 (1 – 0.999999999920215)t – t0

= 0.000000000079785 t0

Converting this value to seconds, we get:

0.000000000079785 t0 = 79.785 ns

Now we can combine the time dilation for the earth's rotation and the motion of clock b to obtain the total time dilation:

t – t0 = 0.0000000286 t0 + 0.000000000079785 t0t – t0 = 0.000000028679785 t0

Substituting the value of t0 (one second) into the equation, we get:

t – 1 = 0.000000028679785 seconds

Therefore, clock b will be approximately 44.6 seconds slower than clock a after being carried 40,000 km around the earth.

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Bending allowance is the amount by which the total run that conduit can cover is reduced because of the extra length required to bend around an obstacle.

When running conduit, bending is necessary to go around obstructions like structural members or corners. In order to avoid the use of too many fittings and to make installation faster and more efficient, it is best to avoid angles less than 30 degrees.
When measuring conduit length, it is important to include the bending allowance. The length of the conduit required can be calculated using the following formula:
Bending allowance = (Conduit diameter x bending angle) x 0.0175
Where,
Bending allowance is the additional length of the conduit needed to make the bend.
Conduit diameter is the diameter of the conduit being used.
Bending angle is the angle of the bend being made.
0.0175 is the constant factor used in this calculation.
For example, suppose we have to bend a 1.5-inch diameter conduit around a corner with a 45-degree angle. The bending allowance for this conduit would be:
Bending allowance = (1.5 x 45) x 0.0175
Bending allowance = 1.4 inches
So, when measuring the length of the conduit required for this bend, 1.4 inches should be added to the length of the conduit required to make up for the bending allowance.

The amount by which the total run that conduit can cover is reduced because of the extra length required to bend around an obstacle is called the bending allowance.

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Question:-

___ is the amount by which the total run that conduit can cover is reduced because of the extra length required to bend around an obstacle.

Answer:

the power output of the car is 29.43 kW (rounded to two decimal places).

Explanation:

To find the power output of the car, we need to use the formula:

power = work / time

where work is the change in potential energy of the car as it climbs the hill, which can be calculated using the formula:

work = force x distance

where force is the force required to lift the car against gravity, which is given by:

force = mass x gravity

where mass is the mass of the car, and gravity is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2).

So, the force required to lift the car against gravity is:

force = 1000 kg x 9.81 m/s^2 = 9810 N

The distance the car travels up the hill is 30 m.

Therefore, the work done by the car is:

work = force x distance = 9810 N x 30 m = 294300 J

The time taken by the car to climb the hill is 10 s.

Therefore, the power output of the car is:

power = work / time = 294300 J / 10 s = 29430 W

The sound will get louder and the amplitude will rise. The separation between compressions in a sound wave indicates that the wave's wavelength has grown.

When particles travel in close proximity to one another, compression occurs, creating areas of intense pressure. In contrast, when particles are separated from one another in low-pressure locations, rarefactions take place. As the tines of a vibrating tuning fork move back and forth, compressions and rarefactions are produced.

Compressions and rarefactions are terms used to describe where a medium's particle distribution spreads out farther from one another.

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When[tex]P = 0, Q[/tex]must be in the range between [tex]4.3 kN and 12.9 kN[/tex] to prevent either cable from becoming slack.

We may examine the forces operating on the beam to find the range of values for Q. The sum of the vertical forces must be zero when [tex]P = 0,[/tex]which indicates that the beam is in equilibrium. Our result is the equation:

[tex]Q + 7.5 - 3 - 4 = 0[/tex]

When Q is solved for, we obtain [tex]Q = 0.5 kN to 12.9 kN.[/tex] To prevent either wire from going slack, we must also ensure that both cables are under positive stress. We can accomplish this by searching for the extreme values of Q in each cable's tensions.

[tex]Q = 0.5 kN[/tex]results in a positive 7.5 kN tension in cable AB. However, cable DE's tension is negative[tex](-2.5 kN)[/tex], indicating that cable DE is under tension. is loose.

[tex]Q = 12.9 kN[/tex] results in a positive [tex]3.4 kN[/tex] tension in cable DE. Cable AB, however, has negative tension [tex](-5.4 kN),[/tex] indicating that it is slack.

The range of Q values that satisfy the requirement that neither cable sags when [tex]P = 0 is 4.3 kN to 12.9 kN.[/tex]

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The volume of air within the lung as respiratory movements are performed can be classified as follows:

Lung volume refers to the capacity of the lungs to enable respiration given certain metabolic conditions. in the above list, we can see that there is a list of different states and the capacity of the lungs at those states.

The values given above are the standard air volumes at varying respiratory conditions. The minimal volume is an indicator of a bad condition that should be looked into immediately.

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Answer:

119,2 см³

Explanation:

по формуле Клопейрона (P1×V1):T1=(P2×V2):T2

если из этой формулы найти V2, ответ будет равен примерно на 119,2 см³

Answer:

Without a diagram or image, it's difficult to answer this question accurately. However, I can provide a general answer based on the information given.

a. When a car is traveling at constant speed, the net force acting on the car is zero. Therefore, the total drag force acting on the car must be equal in magnitude to the driving force provided by the engine.

b. i. The resultant force on the car when the driving force is increased to 3200 N can be calculated as follows:

Resultant force = Driving force - Drag force

Since the drag force is still equal in magnitude to the driving force (as the car is still moving at a constant speed), the resultant force is zero.

Resultant force = 3200 N - 3200 N = 0 N

ii. The equation connecting mass, force, and acceleration is:

Force = mass x acceleration

This can be rearranged to find acceleration:

Acceleration = Force / mass

iii. To calculate the initial acceleration of the car, we can use the equation above:

Acceleration = 3200 N / 800 kg = 4 m/s²

c. The car will eventually reach a new, higher constant speed because the driving force provided by the engine is now greater than the drag force acting on the car. This means there is a net force acting on the car, causing it to accelerate. As the car accelerates, its speed increases and the drag force acting on the car increases as well. Eventually, the drag force will once again be equal in magnitude to the driving force, and the car will reach a new, higher constant speed where the net force acting on the car is once again zero.

(please mark my answer as brainliest)

Answer:

Explanation:

As the book fell to the ground, its potential energy decreased, and its kinetic energy increased. The total energy (potential energy + kinetic energy) of the book remained constant as per the Law of Conservation of Energy. Therefore, the gravitational potential energy of the book decreased, and the kinetic energy increased, resulting in a transfer of energy from potential to kinetic energy. Therefore, the gravitational energy decreased.

The polarization direction of an electromagnetic wave is determined by the direction of the electric field component.

What is an electric field ?

Electromagnetic waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the wave's propagation. The direction of the electric field component determines the polarization direction of the wave. The electric field component oscillates perpendicular to the direction of propagation and determines the orientation of the electromagnetic wave.

In contrast, the wavelength, frequency, and direction of travel of the electromagnetic wave do not affect the polarization direction of the wave. However, the wavelength and frequency of the wave are related to its energy and momentum.

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Complete statement is: The polarization direction of an electromagnetic wave is determined by the direction of the electric field component.

When a ray of light hits a surface, the angles made by the reflection and refraction of the ray must all be measured from the normal, which is perpendicular to the surface at the point where the light ray hits it.

Reflection occurs when light rays hit a surface and bounce back whereas Refraction, occurs when light travels through a medium of a different density or refractive index.

The laws of reflection and refraction states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant. This ratio is known as the refractive index of the material from where the light is passing through.

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The net force on the baseball is approximately -4 N (one significant figure).

We can use the formula:

Net force = Change in momentum / Time

The change in momentum of the baseball is:

Δp = final momentum - initial momentum

Δp = 0 - 4 kg.m/s

Δp = -4 kg.m/s

The time taken for the baseball to stop is 1 second.

Substituting these values in the formula, we get:

Net force = -4 kg.m/s / 1 s

Net force = -4 N

Therefore, the net force on the baseball is approximately -4 N (one significant figure). Note that the negative sign indicates that the force is in the opposite direction to the initial momentum of the baseball.

What is momentum?

It is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity, and is represented by the symbol "p". Mathematically, momentum can be expressed as: p = m * v

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The wavelength of the laser is 52.24 nm.

The wavelength of the laser can be determined using the diagram shown in Figure 1. To calculate the wavelength, the angle of the bright fringe away from the center of the grating (26 degrees) must be known. This angle can be measured using the angle θ shown in the diagram. The other known parameters are the number of slits per mm (1000) and the order of the bright fringe (M=±1). Using these parameters, the equation sinθ = m λ/d can be used to solve for the wavelength, λ. This equation states that the angle is proportional to the wavelength, with the proportionality constant being the number of slits per mm (d). Substituting the known values yields the wavelength, λ, of the laser as

λ = (d sin θ)/m = (1000sin26)/±1 = 52.24 nm.

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The angle of twist of end A is 0.0150 radians or 0.859 degrees for the 50-mm-diameter a992 steel shaft subjected to the torques.

To solve this problem, we can use the torsion equation, which relates the torque applied to a shaft to the angle of twist of the shaft. The equation is:

T/J = Gθ/L

where T is the torque applied to the shaft, J is the polar moment of inertia of the shaft, G is the shear modulus of elasticity of the material, θ is the angle of twist of the shaft, and L is the length of the shaft between the points where the torque is applied.

For the first section of the shaft between points B and C, we can calculate the polar moment of inertia using the formula for a solid circular shaft:

J = (π/32) × ([tex]d^4[/tex])

where d is the diameter of the shaft. Plugging in the values given, we get:

J = (π/32) × [tex](50 mm)^4[/tex] = 6.34×[tex]10^6[/tex] [tex]mm^4[/tex]

The length of this section is given as 300 mm, and the torque applied is 40 Nm. Therefore, we can calculate the angle of twist using the torsion equation:

θ = TL/JG

= (40 Nm)(300 mm)/(6.34 × [tex]10^6[/tex] [tex]mm^4[/tex])(77 GPa)

= 0.000293 rad or 0.0168 degrees

For the second section of the shaft between points C and D, we can use the same formula to calculate the polar moment of inertia, but the length and torque are different:

J = (π/32) × [tex](50 mm)^4[/tex] = 6.34×[tex]10^6[/tex] [tex]mm^4[/tex]

L = 600 mm, T = 200 Nm

θ = TL/JG

= (200 Nm)(600 mm)/(6.34 × [tex]10^6[/tex] [tex]mm^4[/tex])(77 GPa)

= 0.00294 rad or 0.168 degrees

For the final section of the shaft between points D and A, we again use the same formula, but with different length and torque values:

J = (π/32) × [tex](50 mm)^4[/tex] = 6.34×[tex]10^6[/tex] [tex]mm^4[/tex]

L = 600 mm, T = 800 Nm

θ = TL/JG

= (800 Nm)(600 mm)/(6.34×[tex]10^6[/tex] [tex]mm^4[/tex])(77 GPa)

= 0.0118 rad or 0.677 degrees

The total angle of twist of the shaft from end A to end B is simply the sum of the angle of twists for each section:

θ_total = θ_BC + θ_CD + θ_DA

= 0.000293 rad + 0.00294 rad + 0.0118 rad

= 0.0150 rad or 0.859 degrees

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The question is -

The 50-mm-diameter a992 steel shaft is subjected to the torques shown. determine the angle of twist of the end a.