Answer:
Explanation:
Using the concept of de Broglie wavelength under relativistic conditions to determine the spatial limits for electron range.
de Broglie wave-length [tex]\lambda = \dfrac{h}{p}[/tex]
where;
h = plank's constant
p = momentum of particle which is expressed as:
[tex]p = \dfrac{\sqrt{k^2+2kmc^2}}{c}[/tex]
replacing the expression for (p) into [tex]\lambda = \dfrac{h}{p}[/tex], we have:
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{h}{\dfrac{\sqrt{k^2 +2kmc^2}}{c}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{hc}{\sqrt{k^2+2kmc^2}} --- (1)[/tex]
here;
c = velocity of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s
h = 4.13 × 10⁻¹⁵ eV.s
i.e.
hc = (4.13 × 10⁻¹⁵ eV.s)(3 × 10⁸ m/s)
hc = 1240 eV.m
The electron's rest energy (mc²) = 0.511 × 10⁶ eV
For the elctrons;
the minimum accelerated voltage = 40kV
the maximum accelerated voltage = 100 kV
the minimum K.E of the electron K = eΔV
K = e × 40 kV
K = 40 KeV
K = 40 × 10³ eV
From equation (1);
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{hc}{\sqrt{k^2 +2kmc^2}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{(40 \times 10^3 \ eV)^2 +2(40 \times 10^3 \ eV)(0.511 \times 10^6 \ eV})}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{((1600000000) +(80000\times 511000))eV}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{((1600000000) +(40880000000)eV}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{(42480000000) \ eV}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{206106.769 \ eV}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = 0.062 \ nm[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\lambda = 6.20 \ pm}[/tex]
The maximum K.E of the electron K = eΔV
K = e × 10 kV
K = 10 KeV
K = 100 × 10³ eV
From equation (1);
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{hc}{\sqrt{k^2 +2kmc^2}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{(100 \times 10^3 \ eV)^2 +2(100 \times 10^3 \ eV)(0.511 \times 10^6 \ eV})}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = 0.037 \ nm[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\lambda = 3.70 \ pm}[/tex]
As a result, the spatial limits for the electron's range span from 6.02 pm to 3.70 pm.
Describe the metabolic pathways in the monarch butterfly that take advantage of milkweed nectar to convert it into an energy currency.
Answer:
Metabolic pathways in monarch butterflies are as follows:
GlycolysisKreb's cycleOxidative phosphorylationExplanation:
They convert sugar which they obtain from nectar into fats that they store as source of energy. Monarch have a little layer of fatty tissues which aid in conversion of Sugar in to fat.
They consume the stored fat during reproduction. A lot of fat is eventually converted to eggs and some of it is used to provide energy just to sustain the reproductive butterflies.
During winter season, when their metabolic is low they consume energy by converting stored fat into sugar called Trehalose. The conversion of fat also releases little water which help them to survive during winter.
1) Glycolysis:
Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase enzyme to give glucose-6phosphate. This glucose-6-phosphate enters into glycolysis and is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate in a series of ten reactions. During glycolysis net two molecules of ATP are synthesised per glucose molecule. Moreover, two molecules of NADH+H+ are also synthesised. In aerobic organisms like monarch butterfly the pyruvate is again oxidised to give acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria. The enzyme responsible for this oxidation is Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex. This reaction occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Here one CO2 molecule is removed from the pyruvate and one NADH is produced.
2. Kreb's Cycle:
The acetyl-CoA formed enters into the Kreb's cycle by condensing with oxaloacetate. In Kreb's cycle acetyl-CoA is completely oxidised to give carbon dioxide in eight enzymatic reactions. During Kreb's cycle NADH, FADH2 and one molecule of GTP is produced and oxaloacetate is regenerated to continue the cycle.
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation:
The NADH produced in the glycolysis and Krebs cycle and FADH2 produced during Krebs cycle are now oxidised to generate proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is generated when the electrons from the reduced NADH and FADH2 are transported in the electron transport chain(ETC), and are finally accepted by the oxygen.
When the electrons are picked up by the complexes of the ETC they pick protons from the matrix. When the electrons are transferred to next complex the protons are transferred to the inter-membrane space. In this way a proton gradient is generated across the innner membrane of the mitochondria.
This proton gradient is used by the complex V of the ETC. This complex is the enzyme ATP Synthase. This enzyme complex is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. When the protons flow back from the inter-membrane space into the matrix along the concentration gradient , they move through the channel in the ATP Synthase Complex. When these protons flow through this complex it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to give ATP, the energy currency.
The fructose component of the sucrose is first converted into glycogen and then broken down to give glucose-1-phosphate, which enters into glycolysis.
Sucrose cannot enter the pathway of glycolysis as such. It is first hydrolysed to glucose and fructose as described above along with the path way.
Given the following cross TtYyRr x TtyyRr (T = tall; t = short Y = yellow; y = green R = round; r = wrinkled), what proportion of offspring would be expected to be short plants with round, green seeds. Write your answer as a reduced fraction - e.g. 1/2 proportion is
Answer:
3/32 ttyyR-
Explanation:
Cross: Tall, Yellow, Rounded individuals with a tall, green, rounded individual
Parentals) TtYyRr x TtyyRr
Gametes) TYR, TyR, TYr, Tyr, tYR, tyR, tYr, tyr (Parent one)
TyR, TyR, Tyr, Tyr, tyR, tyR, tyr, tyr (Parent two)
We need to know what proportion of offspring is expected to be short plants with round, green seeds. So we need to identify the gametes for these traits. The genotypes are:
Shot → ttRound → RR or RrGreen → yy⇒ Parent one can provide gametes tyR and tyr
⇒ Parent two can provide gametes tyR and tyr
(1/8 tyR x 2/8 tyR) + (1/8 tyR x 2/8 tyr) + (1/8 tyr x 2/8 tyR) =
2/64 ttyyRR + 2/64 ttyyRr + 2/64 ttyyRr =
1/32 ttyyRR + 2/32 ttyyRr =
3/32 ttyyR-
The branch of science which deals with the gene and inheritance is called biology.
The correct answer is 3/32.
When a parent has 3 characters and crosses with other parents which have a 3 character is called a trihybrid cross.
In this question, the genotype of the parent is given as follows:-
Mother - TtYyRrFather - TtyyRrThe gametes formed by the parents is as follows:-
TYR, TYr, TyR, Tyr, tYR, tYr, tyR, tyr is gamete of motherTYR, TYr, TyR, Tyr, tYR, tYr, tyR, tyr is gamete of father.According to the law of inheritance it stated that the each gamete can fused with any gamete to increase the chances of variation.
Hence, after the crossing the number of offspring will form is 32.
Therefore the offspring which has a short plant with a round green seed is 3/32.
Hence, the correct answer is 3/32.
For more information, refer to the link:-
https://brainly.com/question/12985618
What is the responsibility of the Large Intestines?
Answer:
Since, we know that the large intestines have so many responsibilities .... The purpose of the intestines is basically to absorb water and including salts from a material, Which means it has not yet been digested as food, and also to get rid of any waste products left over, Also this is very important for the intestines to do this process.
Which kind of rock is most likely to contain a trilobite fossil?
1) sedimentary
2) igneous
3) metamorphic
4) plutonic
Explain how it formed. Thank you.
Answer:
Sandstone
Sandstone contains fossils of creatures such as trilobites, brachiopods, crustaceans, bryozoans and plants. Remains of land animals like mastodons and dinosaurs are much more likely to be found in sandstone.
Explanation:
thank me later
why do we find tea to be tasteless after we have eaten sweet or candies
Explanation:
The answer is that when you eat the sweet candies and chocolates the buds will remain sweet so that's why the tea become tasteless. The buds only relive the sweetness by staying for few minutes or eat something else.
I hope this answers to your question
1. Suppose you want to design and build a house. How would you communicate your design plans with the construction crew that would work on the house?
2. Cells build large, complicated molecules, such as proteins. What do you think cells use as their "design plans" for proteins?
Answer:
The correct answer is -
1. blueprints.
2. cells use DNA as their design plans
Explanation:
Blueprint is a representative drawing of an engineering plan that helps in understanding how and where the desired to construct on the house. It helps in communicating what work should be done in the house. It helps in visualizing how the end product should be.
In cells, the design plan is DNA that encodes all the information in a specific nitrogenous base sequence in order to produce specific functions and produce all the proteins
What is the probability of producing a child that will phenotypically resemble either one of the two parents in the following four cases? How many phenotypically different kinds of progeny could potentially result from each of the crosses? Aa Bb Cc Dd X aa bb cc dd
Complete question:
What is the probability of producing a child that will phenotypically resemble either one of the two parents in the following four cases? How many phenotypically different kinds of progeny could potentially result from each of the crosses?
a. Aa Bb Cc Dd × aa bb cc dd
b. aa bb cc dd × AA BB CC DD
c. Aa Bb Cc Dd × Aa Bb Cc Dd
d. aa bb cc dd × aa bb cc dd
Answer:
a) the probability of producing a child that will phenotypically resemble either one of the two parents is 1/8.
There will be 16 possible phenotypes among the progeny
b) the probability of producing a child that will phenotypically resemble either one of the two parents is 1.
There will be one possible phenotype among the progeny
c) the probability of producing a child that will phenotypically resemble either one of the two parents is 81/256 = 0.316.
There will be 16 possible phenotypes among the progeny
d) the probability of producing a child that will phenotypically resemble either one of the two parents is 1.
There will be one possible phenotype among the progeny
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files
Which of the following is not a product of glycolysis?
ATP
glucose
pyruvic acid
NADH
Answer:
option D
Explanation:
Glycolysis is metabolic pathway that converts to glucose into pyruvate, during the process APT molecules and NADH molecules are produced FADH is not produced There fore option D is right and the other options are wrong.
Glucose isn't among the products of glycolysis as the glucose is usually
converted to other products.
Glycolysis contains metabolic pathways which converts glucose to ATP
which is a form of energy. Glycolysis comprises of series of reactions and
enzymes which catalyzes every stage.
Glycolysis converts one mole of glucose into products which include ATP,
pyruvic acid and NADH
Read more on https://brainly.com/question/24107405
What is extinction ?
Answer:
The term extinction's dictionary meaning, is the process of when a species, plant, or any other term for animal family, goes extinct. In more, basic terms, it means when a certain species of animal dies out completely.
This can happen due to several reasons, some being massive natural disasters. Others die out due to an unknown predator entering an ecosystem in which it doesn't belong, therefore disbalancing it.
Examples of extinct animals are Dinosaurs, but their exact reason for going extinct is unkown, there are only theories.
There are also many animals in danger of going extinct, for example Bees.
Hope this information could be of use to you!
Body systems work alone to keep the body in a state of homeostasis
True or false
Answer:
False, the body systems have to work together to maintain homeostasis
Hope this helps!
which body system makes red blood cells?
A. single celled
B. multi celled
C. plant cell
D. animal cell
E. tissue
F. respiratory
G. transport system
H. nervous
I. digestive
J. muscular
K. skeletal
L. circulatory
M. cells
N. specialized
O. nutrients
P. grow
Q. respire
Answer:
In the human adult, the bone marrow produces all of the red blood cells, 60–70 percent of the white cells (i.e., the granulocytes), and all of the platelets. The lymphatic tissues, particularly the thymus, the spleen, and the lymph nodes, produce the lymphocytes (comprising 20–30 percent of the white cells).
Answer:
E
Explanation:
Red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets are produced in the bone marrow, the soft fatty tissue inside bone cavities. Two types of white blood cells, T and B cells (lymphocytes), are also produced in the lymph nodes and spleen, and T cells are produced and mature in the thymus gland.
examples of receptors
Answer:
Chemoreceptors detect the presence of chemicals.
Thermoreceptors detect changes in temperature.
Mechanoreceptors detect mechanical forces.
Photoreceptors detect light during vision.
More specific examples of sensory receptors are baroreceptors, propioceptors, hygroreceptors, and osmoreceptors.
Explanation:
Answer:
Photo-receptors detect light during vision.
Explanation:
Why do people sneeze and cough?
I will give brainly if you explain why.
The sneezing is release of air that helps the body to get rid of irritants in our nose and throat, like allergens, dirt, and dust.
Coughing is by forcing the air out of the lungs with high pressure, to clear the throat of these foreign particles.
Is it important for an electrician to know the right tool for the job?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
It is important because if he does not know, he may be hammering a nail with a wrench. That may break the wall itself.
Answer:
Yes definitely
Explanation:
if they dont have the right tool something can go wrong
c: i just answered it and got it right
Answer:
good for you lol
Explanation:
What is postharvest handling?
Explanation:
In agriculture, postharvest handling is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest, including cooling, cleaning, sorting and packing. The instant a crop is removed from the ground, or separated from its parent plant, it begins to deteriorate.
A biochemist analyzes the DNA of an organism and determines that it is composed of 28% adenine nucleotides. Using this information, determine the amount of guanine nucleotides in this organism's DNA.
A.
28%
B.
32%
C.
22%
D.
44%
E.
There is not enough information provided to answer this question.
Answer:
C. 22
Explanation:
I just studied this last week
HELPPPPPP PLEASEEEEE ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST AND POINTS!!!!
(you dont need to answer them all but at least help me with a couple)
1) Explain Uganda’s ABC program in the fight against HIV/AIDS
2) Why has the Ugandan government pushed Abstinence as a means of combating the spread of HIV/AIDS?
3) What risks are involved with the use of condoms in combating the spread of HIV/AIDS?
4) On a separate piece of paper, construct a population pyramid to illustrate the current age groups infected by HIV/AIDS in Uganda.
Answer:
1. Abstain, Be faithful, or, as a last resort, use a Condom. Within a few years, Uganda had developed what researchers call a "social vaccine" against HIV: cultural norms about sexual responsibility, preached in clinics and public schools, as well as churches and mosques.
3.When used correctly every time you have sex, condoms are the best way to prevent sexually transmitted infections such as HIV. They have a very low failure rate and are effective for all forms of sex.
Bio 111 Unit 1 Extra Credit
Crossword
This is what I see here,.
hy plzzzzz helpp fasttttttttttttrrr
Answer:
17. A
18. B (the ability to do work)
19. B
20. A
The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are mitochondria. nucleoplasm. histones. nucleases. chromosomes.
Answer:
chromosomes
Explanation:
Genomics refers to the scientific study of genes (DNA) found in living organisms such as humans and animals.
A genome can be defined as the complete set of hereditary instructions that is typically found in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
The complex structures of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein found in the cell nucleus are generally referred to as chromosomes.
In sexual reproduction, the chromosomes from parents are found in the cell nucleus and are comprised of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), histone proteins, etc. Thus, they are used to store genetic informations in living organisms.
Basically, the human somatic cell is made up of 46 chromosomes which are sub-divided into 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y). An autosome is one of the numbered chromosome that is typically not a sex chromosome.
On the other hand, sex chromosomes (X and Y) are responsible for determining the gender or sex of living organisms such as humans.
which water pollutants can lead to excessive growth of water weeds
Answer: Water pollution also affects the ecosystem – it can cause a phenomenon called eutrophication. This can cause fish and other aquatic organisms to die. Toxic elements dissolved in water can make their way to humans through fish or other aquatic organisms.
https://byjus.com/biology/effects-of-water-pollution/
Explanation:
Answer:
Excessive nutrients (nitrates) from fertilisers are flushed from the land into rivers by rainwater. Oxygen levels reach such a low point that fish and other organisms suffocate. These nutrients cause increased aquatic plant growth of algae and other plants.
Explanation:
the hawaiian islands were formed by volcanic activity, but they are far from any plate boundaries. explain how this could occur.
Answer:
Hotspots from under the ground
Explanation:
There are three different situations where an volcano can form. A divergent boundary, where two tectonic plates move away from each other, subduction boundary, where one of the tectonic plates moves under the other, and a hotspot. Scientists are not completely sure how hotspots form.
Why is it important to know the proper ways on how to sustain Earth's resources?
⚠Nonsense = Report
Answer:
Sustainability is important for many reasons including: Environmental Quality – In order to have healthy communities, we need clean air, natural resources, and a nontoxic environment. ... We need clean air, natural resources, and a nontoxic environment.
Can somebody help me?
Answer:
Sorry but this isn't clear. What I understood was something related to meosis or something. Not sure tho. Plz post it clear so that you do get answer
Explanation:
What are the necessary components required to start the transcription of a gene? What needs to be added in order to create a protein?
How does the length of the transcribed region impact the length of the gene (DNA)?
You accidentally produce a gene (strand of DNA) after you have filled up all five of your protein shapes? How would you eliminate this DNA?
Where does the negative transcription factor work?
Why are there more than one positive transcription factors on each of the three genes?
Answer:
What are the necessary components required to start the transcription of a gene?
Explanation:
Initiation. RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.
I Hope this helps!
Initiation.
RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process in which a gene's DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) to make an RNA molecule.RNA polymerase is the main transcription enzyme.Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene.Learn more about transcription below,
https://brainly.com/question/1433349
#SPJ2
The enzyme choline acetyltransferase catalyzes the reaction between acetyl-CoA and choline resulting in the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This enzyme is produced within the cell body of neurons, but the synthesis of acetylcholine occurs within the axon terminals. What best describes the axonal transport mechanism associated with this process?
Answer: Anterograde direction.
Explanation:
Choline acetyltransferase is an enzyme made in the body of a neuron and that needs to be transferred to the axon terminal to perform its function. Its function is to bind acetyl-CoA to choline to form the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
The movement toward the cell body is called retrograde transport and the movement toward the synapse is called anterograde transport. So, since it is produced in the body of the cell and it has to go to the axon terminals, the choline acetyltransferase is transported in the anterograde direction.
This type of transport is responsible for the movement of organelles such as mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins from a neuron cell body through the cytoplasm of its axon called the axoplasm. Because axons can sometimes be meters long, neurons cannot rely on diffusion to carry products to the end of their axons. Dynein is a motor protein involved in this retrograde axonal transport. Its light chains bind cargo, and its globular head regions bind the microtubule, "moving forward" along it.
name a disorder that is a result of shortage of proteins in children
Answer:
A disorder that is a result of shortage of proteins in children is Kwashiorkor
Explanation:
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition. It's most common in some developing regions where babies and children do not get enough protein or other essential nutrients in their diet. The main sign of kwashiorkor is too much fluid in the body's tissues, which causes swelling under the skin (oedema). (Source: Kwashiorkor - NHS)
Hopefully this helps.
Kwashiorkor is a serious condition that can happen when a person does not consume enough protein. Severe protein deficiency can lead to fluid retention, which can make the stomach look bloated.
Kwashiorkor is most common in children, especially if they do not have access to adequate nutrition soon after they stop breastfeeding. If a child experiences kwashiorkor, they need immediate medical attention.
Other terms for kwashiorkor include:
protein malnutrition
malignant malnutrition
protein-calorie malnutrition
In this article, we look at the causes
Type of cell division that is occurring in the cell in the diagram
Answer:
There is no diagram but the cell division happens in stages. PMAT is a way to remember them. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. This all takes place in Mitosis. Mitosis is the division of cells to make more *identical* cells, (skin cells, stomach cells). But Miosis is the making and division of sperm cells *not Identical* (sperm, and egg cells) are made in this phase.
Which process causes Earth's surface to warm?
Answer:the radiation of the Sun’s electromagnetic waves
Explanation:
