Under common law, criminal intent was not necessary in regard to arson. Arson is the criminal act of intentionally and requirement of burning did not require that the dwelling be burned completely under common law. Arson was established if the damage or destruction of the property was caused by fire.
Additionally, common law arson was a crime that required actual, malicious intent to set fire to a structure or property. A person could not be convicted of unlawfully setting fire to buildings or other property. Criminal intent was not necessary under the common law of arson. Criminal intent was the foundation for the most serious charges in most criminal cases under the common law, but arson was an exception.
Negligence was insufficient to establish arson under the common law of arson. The arson if they didn't intend to start a fire or cause harm. Common law is a body of law that has been established through legal decisions made by judges over the centuries. The doctrine of precedent is used in common law. The doctrine of precedent, also known as stare decisis, requires that lower courts must follow the decisions of higher courts that have dealt with similar cases in the past.
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fill in the blank. generally speaking, prejudice involves negative___, whereas stereotyping involves negative about someone based on their group membership.
Generally speaking, prejudice involves negative discrimination, whereas stereotyping involves negative about someone based on their group membership.
An unjustified, often unfavourable attitude towards a group and its members is called prejudice. The three elements of prejudice are attitudes (often stereotypes), feelings, and propensities to take action (discrimination).
Prejudice is a pejorative attitude and sentiment against a person that is exclusively motivated by that person's social group membership (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Those who belong to an unknown cultural group can face prejudice.
Prejudice is a belief about a person or group that is often unfavourable and is based on a stereotype. A person's participation (or presumed membership) in a certain group generally serves as the foundation for the idea. People are divided by prejudice based on stereotypes as well.
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there are two things you want to remember about bureaucrats. choose the two items that craig mentioned
Two things to remember about bureaucrats are a clear hierarchy and specialization.
A bureaucracy is a sizable administrative organization that manages a government's or society's daily operations. In America, there are three levels of government bureaucracy: federal, state, and local.
A distinct hierarchy, specialization, a division of labor, and a set of formal rules, or standard operating procedures, are the four main characteristics of bureaucracies. There is a distinct hierarchy among bureaucrats, and they specialize, so keep that in mind.
For a bureaucracy to succeed, it needs to be independent, impersonal, and impartial. Employee relationships must be professional, according to Weber. The structure of the impersonal bureaucratic environment encourages making decisions based only on facts and careful consideration.
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how long can bankruptcy information be reported by a consumer reporting agency
Bankruptcy information can remain on a consumer credit report for up to 10 years from the date of filing.
During this period, the information can be reported by the three major consumer credit reporting agencies: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. After 10 years, the bankruptcy information should be removed from a consumer's credit report. It is important to remember that filing for bankruptcy can have a significant impact on a person's credit score. Having a bankruptcy listed on your credit report can make it more difficult to obtain new credit, such as a loan or credit card. This can also make it more expensive to borrow money, as lenders may charge higher interest rates to compensate for the higher risk associated with borrowers with bankruptcy.
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according to heckscher and ohlin, each country has certain , such as land, labor, and capital.TrueFalse
True because According to Heckscher and Ohlin, each country has certain resources, such as land, labor, and capital, that are used in the production of goods and services.
These resources are known as a country’s endowments. This theory suggests that a country has a comparative advantage in producing goods and services that require a relatively larger amount of a particular resource.
For example, if a country has a large amount of land, it can have a comparative advantage in producing goods that require a lot of land (e.g. agricultural goods).
Similarly, if a country has a large amount of labor, it can have a comparative advantage in producing goods that require a lot of labor (e.g. manufactured goods).
The concept of endowments and comparative advantage helps explain why certain countries specialize in certain types of production.
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which constitutional principle did the supreme court decision in marbury v. madison strengthen?
The Supreme Court's decision in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) strengthened the constitutional principle of judicial review.
In this landmark case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) , Chief Justice John Marshall and the Supreme Court held that the Court has the power to declare acts of Congress as unconstitutional. This decision established the principle of judicial review in this case , which is the power of the federal courts to determine the constitutionality of laws and executive actions.
By establishing the principle of judicial review, the Supreme Court upheld its authority as an equal branch of government and established an important control and check on the power of the other branches. This decision also helped to establish the role of the Supreme Court as the final arbiter of constitutional questions in the United States.
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t/f prisons are violent mainly because they house large numbers of people who disobey social norms.
The given statement "prisons are violent mainly because they house large numbers of people who disobey social norms." is true because of diversity of inmates with varied criminal backgrounds in penitentiaries.
Due to the diversity of inmates with different criminal histories in prisons, prison violence occurs frequently. Inmate on inmate, inmate on guard (and vice versa), and self-inflicted are the three distinct types of attacks.
These carveouts undermine the impact of otherwise well-designed policies because more than 40% of those incarcerated and detained are there for "violent" offenses. Physical violence is the most prevalent type of violence in the prison system. Sexual violence is another prevalent type of violence in this setting.
In addition to adding to their trauma and exposure to violence, it also reinforces their disadvantage and fuels more crime and social harm. Additionally, the prison does very little to address the root causes of crime in communities.
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true/false. small claims courts, for the most part, resolve relatively minor disputes with maximum recoveries usually limited to a few hundred dollars at most.
The given statement "small claims courts, for the most part, resolve relatively minor disputes with maximum recoveries usually limited to a few hundred dollars at most." is false as have limited jurisdiction to hear civil cases between private litigants.
Small-claims courts only have limited authority to hear civil disputes involving private parties. Small claims courts may also perform other judicial duties and may go by different names in different jurisdictions. The maximum amount of money that a small-claims court can award in judgments is typically in the tens of thousands of dollars or pounds. The plaintiff typically forfeits any right to seek an amount greater than the court can grant by filing a lawsuit in small claims court. Reducing a claim to meet the requirements of this venue may or may not be permitted by the plaintiff.
Small-claims courts typically have jurisdiction over private disputes involving small sums of money. The routine collection of small debts forms a large portion of the cases brought to small-claims courts, as well as evictions and other disputes between landlords and tenants, unless the jurisdiction is already covered by a tenancy board.
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