Warfarin acts by inhibiting the activity of the VKORC1 protein, which helps to produce functional clotting factors. There is a variant in the VKORC1 gene that lowers the dose of warfarin required for treatment, and individuals with this variant have increased risk of bleeding when they are treated with warfarin. This variant is found 1639 base pairs upstream of the translational start site. This variant likely:______.
a. decreases the activity of the VKORC1 protein.b. increases the activity of the VKORC1 protein.c. decreases expression of the VKORC1 gene.d. increases expression of the VKORC1 gene.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer - c. decreases expression of the VKORC1 gene.

Explanation:

Mutation of Guanine nucleotide into Adenosine is the reason for this particular type of mutation. This mutation expresses the less expression of the VKORC1 protein.

The mutation results in a decrease in the affinity of the binding site of the transcription factor which causes less expression. Since the VKORC1 protein is less in the body so Warfarin doses are decreased  

Thus, the correct answer is - decreases expression of the VKORC1 gene.


Related Questions

Which of the following characteristics are shared by all living organisms

Answers

Answer:

Cells

Explanation:

They have cells

Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited predisposition to cancer such a familial adenomatous polyposis or BRCA-associated familial breast cancer?
a) Every cell of their body contains a gain-of-function allele of an oncogene
b) Most cells in their body contain multiple cancer-causing mutations
c) If they get malignant cancer, somatic mutations will not have been a factor
d) Their cancer will most likely arise in their germ cells, not their somatic cells
e) None of the answers effectively describes the situation
f) Every cell of their body contains a defective, loss-of-function allele of a tumor suppressor gene

Answers

Answer:

Every cell of their body contains defective , loss of function allele of a tumor suppressor gene

Explanation:

Tumor suppressor genes - They encode Proteins that inhibit cell proliferation . But due to Loss of functional alleles in Tumor suppressor genes it leads to the development of different cancers

Every cell of the body comprises of a defective and loss-of-function allele of a tumor suppressor gene.

The presence of defective and non-functioning tumor suppressor gene is responsible for the happening of cancer disease because the tumor suppressor gene slow down the process of cell division as well as repair mistakes occur in DNA molecule. When the tumor suppressor genes can't perform its function properly, it causes out of control growth of cell, which can lead to cancer disease so we can conclude that tumor suppressor gene is responsible for the cancer disease.

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2. Calculate the rate of population increase for the whales and the seals from the data in table 2, trial 1. What does this rate represent?
Hint: From the point of zero change on the graph to the highest population achieved is a change in time of 100 months. (Refer to the science skills practice in the lesson for the correct formula for the rate of population change.)

Answers

Answer:

There are no tables but it should be a bell curve. as a population of whales rise the population of seals will decrease, eventually creating a plateau in the whale population. shortly after the plateau in the whale population the whale population will begin to decline ( as food becomes less available) causing the seal population will begin to rise and restabilize. this pattern should continue cyclically creating a wave function on a graph!

Explanation:

Explain how a scientist can determine when a particular species of dinosaur lived on Earth.

Answers

Answer:

by fossil dna

Explanation:

it is too easy for a sciencetist

Classify each of the following changes as either exothermic or endothermic. (4 points) Burning propane: ____________________ Using a chemical hand-warmer: ____________________ Photosynthesis in plants: ____________________ Lighting a laboratory burner: ____________________

Answers

Answer:

Classify each of the following changes as either exothermic or endothermic. (4 points) Burning propane: _____exothermic_____________ Using a chemical hand-warmer: __________endothermic_________ Photosynthesis in plants: _________endothermic___________ Lighting a laboratory burner: ________exothermic____________

what are perlemoen used for?​

Answers

Answer:

We use them for the meat as food and the shells as decorative items

Explanation:

hope this helps

When a reaction is in dynamic equilibrium, what is the free energy difference between the reactants and products?

Answers

Answer:

the difference is 0, because it's in constant equilibrium, meaning there should be no net change.

A group of archaic mammals that at times are referred to as mammal-like primates characterized by claws instead of nails, no postorbital bar, arboreal quadrupeds, and best known from Montana and lived during the geologic Paleocene Epoch are referred to as:

Answers

Chanda da freaks lf not only

Salt minerals formed by which method

Answers

Answer:

solar, evaporation, and rock mining.

Explanation:

A forest was cleared and turned into a field of organic soybean plants. Which of the following most likely occurred?

A. The variety of plants and animals both increased
B. The number of insects increased
C. The number of insects decreased
D. The number of plant species increased

Answers

When a forest is cleared, biodiversity decreases. The correct answer is option C: The number of insects decreased

Biodiversity refers to different species of plants and animals in a habitat. We will all agree that the biodiversity in a forest ecosystem is much higher than the biodiversity in a field of organic soybean plants.

There are less species of organisms in the field of organic soybean plants.

Therefore, the variety of  plants and animals both decrease.

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YA'LL ARE SMART!!! PLEASE HELP!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Metals takes up most of the left side of the periodic table.

there is 2 test tube containing
sodium chloride and sodium sulphate solution respectively suggest a method to know which is Sodium sulphur​

Answers

Answer:

These two solutions react to form a white insoluble precipitate.

Explanation:

BaCl  

2

+Na  

2

SO  

4

​ →2NaCl+BaSO  

4

↓  

This is a double displacement reaction as the two compounds exchange their ions to form two different compounds.

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Why do i only have one dimple on my left cheek?

Answers

Answer:

A single dimple on one cheek is a rare phenomenon. Transfer of dimples from parents to children occurs due to just one gene. The dimple creating genes are present in the sex cells prior to the process of reproduction. Each parent provides one of these genes to the child.

Select all of the meals that contain carbohydrate.
A. Bowl of chili with kidney beans
B. Meat and cheese platter
C. Bowl of ice cream with fresh blueberries on top
D. Bowl of whole wheat pasta with red sauce
E. Plate of bacon and eggs

Answers

The answer is d your welcome

PLS HELP ASAP
ILL GIVE BRAINLY

Contrast the usefulness of absolute and relative dating techniques.

Answers

Answer:

In relative dating, fossils are dated according to the depth at which they were buried While in the absolute dating, isotopes of carbon are used for dating fossils. The absolute dating is more precise than relative dating because it tells the exact age of the fossils.

a grass hopper movE from place to place when it muscles

Answers

Grasshopper contract and relax itz muscles to move

Answer:

Explanation:

A grasshopper's hind legs function like miniature catapults. In preparation for a jump, the grasshopper contracts its large flexor muscles slowly, bending its hind legs at the knee joint. ... The grasshopper then relaxes its leg muscles, allowing the spring to release its energy and fling the insect into the air

In April 1990, the El Paso County (Colorado) Health Department recognized an outbreak of drug-resistant gonorrhea in Colorado Springs. 56 cases of penicillin- resistant Neisseria gonorrheae occurred from December 1989 through March 1991. To gather information about the outbreak, 410 persons related through a densely connected set of social or sexual associations were interviewed. What can public health workers tell individuals in this network to stop the spread of Gonorrhea in this population?
a) Preventive treatment with penicillin will prevent Gonorrhea infection in individuals not already infected.
b) Only individuals with symptoms should seek medical screening since all cases of Gonorrhea are associated with symptoms.
c) Condoms will not prevent the spread of Gonorrhea. Gonorrhea can spread from an infected mother to a fetus.
d) Gonorrhea is more prevalent in individuals 24 years and older.

Answers

Answer:

c) Condoms will not prevent the spread of Gonorrhea. Gonorrhea can spread from an infected mother to a fetus.

Explanation:

To prevent the spread of infection, it is important that healthcare professionals inform people about ways to protect themselves against infection. In addition, it is important that health professionals inform the dangers that this infection can cause, such as symptoms and rapid transmission, which can even happen from mother to fetus. On how to protect themselves, health professionals can say that the use of condoms is the most efficient form of protection.

What do spindle fiber and flagella have in common:
Select one:
a. They are examples on a structure called a microfilaments
b. They are all structures found in prokaryotic cells
c. They are microtubules
d. They are found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells

Answers

Answer: c

Explanation: Spindle fiber: is a microtubules that comes out from the centrosomes when the cell is preparing for division. They are responsible for the segregation of sister chromatids and movement of chromosomes during mitotic and meiotic division.

Flagella: a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.

The thread-like structure is called chromosomes.

This can conclude that microtubules are common in spindle fiber and flagella.

In this scenario you want to test if the evolution of a food preference may reinforce reproductive isolation. You know that you want to measure if golden rain tree bugs and balloon vine bugs prefer fruits from either host plant. Please write a hypothesis based on this.

Answers

Answer:

It is given and we know that if balloon vine bugs and golden rain tree bugs prefer fruits from either host plant. Then the change in the food preference leads to reproductive isolation which is sympatric isolation

There is the ongoing rapid evolution of bugs in relation to the seed defense structures of their host. Rapid evolution in bug populations that feed on recently introduced sapinds is grounded with an ancestral pattern of coevolution between the bugs and the defenses of sapinds.

diagram of a tick with labels​

Answers

Answer:

I posted some pictures, I hope it helps!

The complete oxidation of one glucose molecule yields 30 or more ATP . Glucose catabolism includes glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. The total yield of ATP includes ATP , GTP , and reduced cofactors that yield ATP from the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Which processes yield the most ATP

Answers

Answer:

Electron transport chain.

Explanation:

Electron transport chain is the process which yield the most number of ATP as compared to all three major phases of cellular respiration. Glycolysis produces only 2 ATP from the breakdown of molecule of glucose. In the Krebs cycle, one GTP which is an ATP equivalent is produced from the breakdown of one glucose molecule while on the other hand, 32 ATP molecules are produced from the breakdown of one glucose molecule.

How will you evaluate the information that you retrieve from the library, by giving specific examples in one of your subject specialization

Answers

Answer:

You might think the answers to the questions “what is a library?” and “what is the Internet?” are pretty obvious. But actually, it is easy to get them confused, and there are a number of research resources that are a bit of both:  library materials available over the Internet or Internet resources available in the library.

Understanding the differences between the library and the Internet and knowing where your research comes from is crucial in the process of research writing because research that is available from libraries (either in print of electronic form) is generally considered more reliable and credible than research available only over the Internet.  Most of the publications in libraries (particularly in academic libraries) have gone through some sort of review process.  They have been read and examined by editors, other writers, critics, experts in the field, and librarians.

In contrast, anyone with appropriate access to the Internet can put up a Web page about almost anything without anyone else being involved in the process:  no editors, other writers, critics, experts, or anyone else review the credibility or reliability of the evidence.

However, the line between what counts as library research and what counts as Internet research is becoming blurred.  Plenty of reliable and credible Internet-based research resources are available: online academic and popular journals, Web-based versions of online newspapers, the homepages of experts in a particular field, and so forth.

Let’s begin with the basics of understanding the differences between libraries and the Internet.

Libraries are buildings that house and catalog books, magazines, journals, microfilm, maps, government documents, and other resources.  It would be surprising if you attended a community college, college, or university that did not have a library, and it would be equally surprising if your school’s library wasn’t a prominent and important building on campus.

As you might expect, libraries at community colleges, colleges, and universities tend to specialize in scholarly materials, while public libraries tend to specialize in non-scholarly materials.  You are more likely to find People magazine or the latest best-selling novels in a public library and a journal like College English  and scholarly books in a college library.

Many universities have different libraries based on distinctions like who tends to use them (“graduate” or “undergraduate” libraries) or based on specific subject matter collected within that particular library (education, social work, law, or medicine).  Almost all college and university libraries also have collections of “special items,” which include items like rare books, maps, and government documents.

Almost all universities, colleges, and community colleges in the United States provide students and faculty with access to the Internet so they can use email and the World Wide Web, or even so they can publish Web pages.  Millions of people both in and out of school have access to the Internet through “Internet Service Providers,” which are companies both large and small that provide customers access to the ‘net for a monthly fee.

What type of cells in placozoans help with the digestion of food?
A. gland cells
B. cylinder cells
C. cover cells
D. fiber cells

Answers

Answer:

Its gland cells  

Explanation:

Can somebody help me

Answers

Answer:

sure what's your problem.

Explanation:

Tell me.

click on the link below to see the primate family tree diagram. Which of the following statements is true?

Answers

Answer:

biology is amazing it contains some reproductive topics

Orangutans evolved from an ancestor they share with gorillas is true regarding primate family tree diagram. This means that orangutans and gorillas have a common ancestor. Option C is the correct answer.

Evolution is the process through which species change over time. It occurs through the accumulation of genetic variations and natural selection. The primate family tree shows the evolutionary relationships between different primate species, including orangutans and gorillas. Option C is the correct answer.

Orangutans and gorillas share a common ancestor in their evolutionary history. This means that at some point in the past, there was a species that gave rise to both orangutans and gorillas. Over time, as the common ancestor of orangutans and gorillas diverged into separate lineages, each species developed its own unique traits and characteristics. Despite their distinct characteristics, orangutans and gorillas still share certain genetic similarities due to their common ancestry. These similarities can be observed in their DNA sequences.

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The complete question is, "Which of the following statements is true regarding primate family tree diagram?

A. Orangutans evolved from lesser apes and Old World monkeys.

B. Gorillas evolved from orangutans.

C. Orangutans evolved from an ancestor they share with gorillas.

D. Gorillas are more closely related to lesser apes than to chimpanzees."

After weathering releases the
phosphate from rocks and
sediments, where does it go?

A. directly into the leaves of plants

B. into the atmosphere
C. caught by organisms in the air

D. into the soil


PLEASEEEEE HELP

Answers

Answer:

d. into soil

Explanation:

plz mark as brainlist

Lowest to highest degree of internal organization stomach

Answers

Answer: Epithelial stomach cell, stomach lining tissue, stomach and then the whole digestive system.

from brainly

TenishaTon Ambitious 5.1K answers 44.8M people helped

By the early 1980s, the population of Florida panthers had dwindled to fewer than 30. Furthermore, within this population was a high frequency of detrimental traits, including low sperm count and undescended testicles in males, and kinked tails in both sexes. The future for this iconic population was bleak at best. Provide an explanation for the observed detrimental traits. Provide a possible solution that would both increase the likelihood that the population would survive and preserve the genetic identity of this unique population.

Answers

Answer:

The population suffered a genetic bottleneck, which decreased genetic variation and thereby randomly increasing the frequency of harmful alleles

Explanation:

A population bottleneck, also known as genetic bottleneck, can be defined as a drastic reduction in the size of a population, which may be caused by anthropic activity and/or environmental phenomena (e.g., earthquakes, famines, fires, droughts, etc). A genetic bottleneck leads to a reduction in genetic variability within a population. Moreover, the genetic drifit caused by a genetic bottleneck can also increase the frequency of harmful alleles/mutations (it is due to the random sampling of individuals), thereby increasing the frequency of deleterious alleles/mutations in the population.

What is a living cell? ​

Answers

Answer:

Though they are often debated, there are eight main characteristics that define a cell as living.

The first is genetic code. All living things contain DNA, which is like the instruction manual for life. DNA is contained in each cell, and passed from parent to offspring.

The second is growth and development. Whether by creating more cells or creating more organelles within the cell, all living things grow and develop.

The third characteristic is reproduction. Reproduction can be sexual or asexual, but in the case of single cells, it is asexual.

The fourth characteristic is response. All living things, including cells, react to external stimuli, such as temperature or salinity.

The fifth characteristic is homeostasis. Homeostasis is the condition by which living things maintain a stable internal environment in the midst of an ever-changing external environment.

The last three characteristics go hand in hand, and are sometimes combined, but in my mind they are distinctly separate.

Sixth is consumption, which is taking in food and other materials. A cell specifically takes in molecules such as water or glucose during consumption.

Seventh is metabolism, which is using materials consumed in order to create energy. Living cells use enzymes to break down materials to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is usable energy.

Finally, all living cells undergo excretion in some form. Some examples in cells include exocytosis and osmosis.

These 8 characteristics, though often controversial, determine a cell as living.

What is the ratio of surface area to volume for a sphere with the following measurements. Surface area = 432m2, volume = 864m3

Answers

Answer:

the ratio of the surface area to the volume is 1:2

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