what determines the rate of materials going into a cell and wastes leaving the cell?

Answer:

See the answer below

Explanation:

a) From the table, the glucose level of person 1 (5.4) was less than the glucose level of person 2 (5.6) after 12 hours of fasting. The glucose level of person 1  falls within the normal fasting blood sugar range (3.9 to 5.6 mmol/L) while that of person 2 was borderline higher than normal.  

b) Also from the table, the glucose level of person 3 (12.1) was greater than that of person 1 (6.4) when the glucose levels were measured 2 hours after drinking 75 g glucose. Normal after-meal sugar level ranges between 6 and 10.9 mmol/L. Hence, person 3 appears to be diabetic while person 1 seems normal.

c) The hormone that person 3 cannot produce is insulin.

Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels when necessary by signalling the liver to convert the excess sugar to glycogen which is then stored in the body. When the blood sugar falls below the normal range, another enzyme, glucagon, signals the liver to convert the glycogen back to sugar to compensate for the decrease.

Answer:

Mendel choose pea plant (Pisum sativum) for his experiment due to following reasons:

(i) availability of contrasting traits of several characters.

(ii) Their life span is short.

(iii) Normally self-pollination occurs but cross-pollination can also be done by artificial means.

(iv) Large no of seeds produced.

Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments because of the following reasons:

(i) The flowers of this plant are bisexual.

(ii) They are self-pollinating, and thus, self and cross-pollination can easily be performed.

(iii) The different physical characteristics were easy to recognize and study.

Answer:

because duetothe volcanic activity and tectnic plates it risesup

Answer:

The correct answer is ''insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption''

Explanation:

The energy source for the muscle to contract efficiently is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When ATP is metabolized, energy is obtained. Under normal conditions, the muscle has a sufficient energy reserve to support a limited time of maximum activity. When this reserve is depleted, the body activates other metabolic pathways to achieve more ATP. Glucose is activated first, then carbohydrates, and last - only if the exercise is prolonged - lipids (fats). The muscle, therefore, ends up transforming this ATP into the necessary energy.Whether our body uses more fat or more glucose / glycogen as fuel will depend, above all, on the intensity and duration of physical exercise. The body uses more fat the more gentle and prolonged the exercise; while, the more intense the sport, the more important the need for glycogen will be.Muscle fatigue is the inability or lack of strength to continue doing a certain activity. It happens when the muscles are not strong enough to continue. Specifically, when carrying out a physical activity, the active muscle requires oxygen and energy reserves of glycogen; When the intensity of the activity is increased, this need for oxygen increases, exceeding the levels that the transport system is capable of providing.This situation leads to the active muscle looking for another source of energy, increasing lactic acid which, in turn, it develops a metabolic acidosis that can lead to the breakdown of muscle fiber. ATP is obtained from the oxidative degradation of metabolic substrates such as muscle glycogen, serum glucose, free fatty acids originating from muscles or adipose tissue, being characteristic of muscle fiber, the consumption of ATP, and the production of ADP and Pi, much faster than it regenerates.

Answer:

basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum.  

Explanation:

The order of strata in the epidermis:

Answer:

False.

Explanation:  

Neurotransmitter release occurs from the nervous terminal or varicosities in the neuronal axon. When an action potential reaches the nervous terminal, the neurotransmitter is released by exocytose. The molecule binds to its receptor in the postsynaptic neuron, triggering an answer. As long as the signal molecule is in the synaptic space, it keeps linking to its receptor and causing a postsynaptic response. To stop this process the neurotransmitter must be taken out from the synaptic space. There are two mechanisms by which the neurotransmitter can be eliminated:

• Enzymatic degradation/deactivation: There are specific enzymes in the synaptic space, which are in charge of inactivating the neurotransmitter by breaking or degrading it. The enzyme acetylcholinesterase prevents ACh from continuing to stimulate contraction.

• Reuptake: Receptors located in the presynaptic membrane can capture de molecule to store it back in new vesicles for posterior use. These transporters are active transport proteins that easily recognize the neurotransmitter.  

Answer: The offspring can have both 100% black fur and eyes or it can vary

In the dihybrid cross,  

✔ both

of the parents had black fur and black eyes.

The offspring  

✔ varied.

-

The predicted values for the four phenotypes form a  

✔ 9:3:3:1

ratio. The simulated values  

✔ approximately

match this predicted ratio.

On Edge.

Answer:

Vitamin D

Rickets

Explanation:

Lack of vitamin D causes rickets

Darker skin in  equatorial environments is adaptive because it prevents  vitamin D deficiencies, which cause Rickets in newborns.

The pigment melanin is by far the most important factor that determines the color of people's skin, although there are many other factors that play a role. People with darker skin have more melanin, which is the primary pigment responsible for their skin color. Melanocytes, which are cells found in the skin, produce melanin.

People who live closer to the equator typically have darker skin as a form of protection against the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. This is because excessive UV exposure can lower folic acid levels and lead to skin cancer.

Black people have more melanin in their skin than people with lighter skin, which affects the body's ability to synthesize vitamin D. People with lighter skin have less melanin in their skin.

Therefore, near equator more sunlight causes increased vitamin D production , preventing rickets in new born.

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Answer:

A cell body, an axon, and dendrites.

Explanation:

The similar characteristics of different neurons is their body structure which have the common parts in all neurons. All neurons have three essential parts i.e. a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. Neurons different in size, shape, and structure due to different in their role and location but all these different neurons have the same components of its structure such as  cell body, an axon, and dendrites.

Answer:

whale

Explanation:

because they give direct birth to young ones

Answer:

The answer is chemical weathering.

Explanation:

Answer:

B. a process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored

Explanation:

The graph for this type of selection looks sort of like a camel's hump. With that being said, the phenotype of a population experiencing directional selection goes from one extreme to the other. Reference the evolution of the peppered moth during the Industrial Age as an example.

A process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored best describes the directional selection. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

Directional selection is a negative natural selection mode in which an extreme phenotype is preferred over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in that phenotype's favor.

Fossil evidence suggests that while the size of European black bears decreased during interglacial periods of the ice ages, it increased during each glacial period. This is an example of directional selection. A further illustration is the size of a population of finches' beaks.

The behavioral trait in question experiences a concentration of increasing alleles in the line selected in the upward direction and a concentration of decreasing alleles in the line selected in the downward direction.

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Answer:

The term, "variegated" is applied to a flower or, more often, a leaf that has more than one color. Most often, it will be two-toned (that is, bi-colored). Often this will mean the foliage is blotched, striped, or bordered with a lighter color than that on the rest of it (or vice versa). The term is also applied more broadly to a whole plant that bears such leaves or blossoms. The corresponding noun for this definition is "variegation."

Answer:

what are the options?

Explanation:

Answer:

food water a place to live

Explanation:

food, water, and protection. A plant is left in a protected greenhouse that pumps in fresh carbon dioxide. The plant also has access to sunlight and can make its own sugar. However, the plant is beginning to die.

Answer:

Protein combining

Explanation:

The strategy involving the combination of two plant proteins to get all the essential amino acids is referred to as protein combining.

The practice of protein combining is common among vegans due to the general belief that a single plant-based protein does not contain all the necessary amino acids for the body. Thus, one would need to combine 2 plant-based proteins in order to get all the essential amino acids for adequate health.

Answer:

enucleation po ^-^

Explanation:

ata? correct me if imma wrong -¿-

Answer:

Increased exponentially

Industrial carbon emission

Warm the planet

Explanation:

The rapid increase in global CO2 in the 21st century has raised concerns over the lingering effect of global climate change which could result due to the exponential increase in CO2 emission at this time. This rise in global atmospheric CO2 has been observed to have a positive relationship with the level of industrial carbon emission. The rise in emission of industrial carbon has been tipped to be responsible for the exponential rise in global atmospheric CO2. CO2 is a form of green house gas responsible for warming the planet.

Answer:

An anomaly in global temperature is a deviation from what is normal or expected. The graph shows that global atmospheric co2 increased exponentially in the twenty-first century, and global temperature also increased during the same time. Based on the timeline, these statistics suggest a correlation between climate change and Industrial carbon emissions. If the current trend of increasing co2 levels continues, the greenhouse effect will continue to warm the planet.

Explanation:

Plato

Answer: Living Planet Index

Explanation:

The Living Planet Index is a survey measure of global biodiversity status based on the population abundance of vertebrate species in terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. We have to consider that a population is defined as a species within a geographical area. It is used as a source of information to identify threats at the population level for each species on Planet Earth.  

With this analysis, an overall decline of about 60 percent in population size has been seen between 1970 and 2014. The decline in species populations is particularly greatest in the tropics, with South America and Central America suffering the most dramatic decline. The numbers of freshwater species have also declined dramatically. However, measuring biodiversity (all the varieties of life that can be found on Earth and the relationships between them) is complex, so the index should consider indicators to measure changes in species distribution, extinction risk and changes in community composition.  

The goal of the Living Planet Index is to achieve and promote global conservation of animals and their habitats.

Answer:

photosynthesis is the process where plants use the sun's energy and carbon dioxide to produce food(gluscose)

photosynthesis is the process where plants(producers)get energy from the sun to grow their food

Answer:

answer is D

l

Explanation:

Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body's tissues through the aorta.

The statement that describes the order blood flows through the body and the heart is:

It is a red liquid with different shades that varies according to the amount of oxygen it has inside, that is, hemoglobin.

Therefore, we can conclude that the main function of the blood is to ensure that oxygen and nutrients are distributed between the cells of each organism.

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Answer:

The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.

Answer:

Explanation:

hope it helps

Answer:

Explanation:

Hypothesis ⇒ A chemical ⇒ might be a potential treatment for cancer cells.

Experiment:

7 days later ⇒ the number of cells in each plate

Results:

Cells treated with the chemical have a lower survival rate than cells left untreated.

Chemical affects the Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

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The endoplasmic reticulum is in charge of many cellular functions, such as protein folding, maturation, and transport, especially those destined for secretion. It produces the latest protein modifications after transduction.

When the synthesizing protein gets in the Rough endoplasmic reticulum,  it continues its building in the organelle. Finally, the protein suffers folding and the initial stages of glycosylation.  

Once the protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum is over, these molecules are packaged into vesicles and sent to the Golgi complex for their final association with carbohydrates. Finally, protein leaves the Golgi complex and goes to its final destiny.

Any alteration in the intracellular environment

inevitably affects the organelle and its functions. When the organelle is not properly working, proteins synthesis is affected and, consequently, all the cellular activities. The affected cell homeostasis might be so altered that the cell ends dying.

If the drug affects the ER by altering its environment or directly affecting it, the organelle will fail to perform its functions, and the cell will eventually dye.

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The independent and the dependent variables are the two principal factors needed in an experiment.  

 Independent variable: Refers to all the variables in an experiment that provoke a response in another variable. The independent variable changes or is controlled and modified in the experiment to analyze how another variable responds to it. It changes to analyze its effects on the dependent variable. Usually, the independent variable is represented by the X letter.

In the exposed example, the independent variable is the drug that affects the cancer cells. The researcher decides to apply it or not, and the concentrations in which the drug is.  

Dependent variable: Refers to the variable that reacts to the changes produced in the independent variable. Depending on how the independent variable is modified, the dependent variable change.  It is usually identified by the letter Y.

In the exposed example cell survival is the dependent variable. Cancer cells respond to the presence/absence of the chemical, and might differently respond to the varying concentration of the drug.

Answer:

The correct answer is - negative.

Explanation:

Cl- ion is more concentrated outside of the cell, as it is given 140 and therefore it will try to move to the inside of the given cell as inside ion concentration is low.

At last, the diffusive force will be get to equilibrium due to an electrostatic force pulling Cl- ions back out of the cell. At this equilibrium point, Cl- ions will moved towards to the the neuron and cause the membrane potential to be more negative.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The temperature can rise as high as 1500 C, the gas molecules are very far apart. This layer is completely cloudless and free of water vapour

half of two threadlike strands of replicated chromosomes

C. Natural disaster is a density-independent factor affecting population growth. Density-independent factors are those that affect the population irrespective of the population size or density.

Natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and wildfires can reduce population sizes regardless of how many individuals were present in the population before the disaster occurred. The other factors listed - competition, disease, and predation - are all density-dependent factors, which means that they become more significant as the population size or density increases.

Competition is an example of a density-dependent factor, as it increases as the population size increases. As more individuals compete for limited resources such as food, water, and shelter, the rate of population growth slows down.

Disease is another density-dependent factor, as it spreads more easily in crowded populations where individuals are in close contact with one another.

On the other hand, natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, and wildfires are examples of density-independent factors. These events can affect a population regardless of its size, and they can cause significant decreases in population size.

Predation can be both a density-dependent and density-independent factor. In some cases, predation can increase as the population size increases, making it a density-dependent factor. However, predators can also reduce the population size through random hunting or selective hunting of weaker individuals, making it a density-independent factor.

Understanding the factors that affect population growth is important for predicting and managing population sizes in both natural and human-made ecosystems.

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Answer:

The correct answer is -

1. Lupus

2 Cardiovascular disease

3. Huntingtons disease

4. Cancer

5. Diabetes

Explanation:

Lupus is one of the autoimmune diseases that takes place when our bodywork against ourself and harm cells and skin. When an individual has poor or bad nutrition and generally experiences obesity this cardiovascular disease occurs.

Huntington's disease takes place due to changes in DNA in the brain and affects neurons of the brain. Cancer is uncontrollable cell growth that can be lethal. If an individual is not able to produce enough amount of insulin, that lowers the glucose from the blood, will lead to cell diabetes condition