There are 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes in each person. Human somatic cells have 22 pairs of autosomes and either two X chromosomes or an X and a Y chromosome.
A chromosome is a long molecule of DNA that contains the genetic material of various organisms. Most eukaryotic chromosomes exist in tandem with histone proteins, which aid in DNA stability.
Each chromosomal pair is made up of one chromosome from the mother and one chromosome inherited from the father. Human males produce gametes with two types of sex chromosomes, X and Y, whereas human females produce gametes with only one type of sex chromosome, X.
The male gamete is referred to as heterogametic or heteromorphic, while the female gamete is referred to as homogametic or homomorphic, depending on the gamete produced. The number of chromosomes varies from organism to organism, but they are an important part of the cell because they not only impart essential qualities to the organism and also aid in the synthesis of important proteins which play important metabolic roles, resulting in the organism's proper functioning.
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do all living things have the same number of genes?
The end outcome is the biodiversity we are familiar with today. However, it is impossible to directly compare species because their genes are varied and they do not all have the same number of genes.
Does each individual possess the same number of genes?Does everyone share a genome? Most people have a similar human genome. The genome does, however, contain variants. Differences in look and health are a result of this genetic variation, which makes up roughly 0.001 percent of each person's DNA.
Do all forms of life have genes?All plants and animals are composed of cells, and those cells contain genetic material in the form of genes and chromosomes (usually in the nucleus).
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Which technology below would probably be the most important to a person who had diabetes and had to take insulin every day?
which of the following will occur after ovulation? group of answer choices the corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans. the corpus luteum secretes estrogen only. the endometrium enters its secretory phase. the secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced.
The interaction of hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones with reproductive tissues and organ hormones regulates the human male and female reproductive cycles. In both sexes, the hypothalamus regulates and causes pituitary hormone release.
The normal menstrual cycle is a sequential event in which the hypothalamus secretes GnRH, the pituitary gland secretes follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH), and the ovary responds to those hormones by recruiting a dominant follicle and secreting estradiol and inhibin A. Estradiol stimulates cervix endometrial proliferation and mucus production. A peak in estradiol causes the release of LH, which is responsible for ovulation and the subsequent secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum, which involutionates 14 days later if not stimulated by hCG (pregnancy). Normal menstrual cycles last 28 days, with a two-day fluctuation in the same woman considered a normal pattern or a regular cycle. The normalcy of these events would allow for successful embryo implantation in the case of trying to conceive. To be fertilized, a capable spermatozoon must reach an adequate ovule during the ovulatory stage. The spermatozoon can survive for up to 5 days in the feminine genital ractum , but the ovum can only be fertilized for 12-24 hours. Fecundation takes place in the distal third of the fallopian tube, and the fecundated zygote develops into a morula before being implanted at the endometrium four days later.
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A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription
Answer: Replication is the duplication of two-strands of DNA.
Explanation:
Transcription is the formation of single, identical RNA from the two-stranded DNA.
Which is a true statement regarding the waste products produced by plant processes?
A. Plants produce oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B. Plants produce oxygen and nitrogen.
C. Plants produce only carbon dioxide.
D. Plants produce only oxygen.
Plants produce oxygen and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are changed into oxygen and glucose during photosynthesis.
What are the products of photosynthesis?Water and carbon dioxide are changed into oxygen and glucose during photosynthesis. The plant consumes glucose and produces oxygen as a byproduct. Oxygen and glucose are transformed into water and carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. By-products of the process include carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, which is turned into energy.In the presence of light, the organic molecules carbon dioxide and water are used in photosynthesis to create glucose. The green leaves of growing plants experience this reaction.In the process of photosynthesis, glucose, oxygen, and water are produced.To learn more about photosynthesis refer,
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which autonomic ganglion, located anterior to the ear, receives parasympathetic axons from the glossopharyngeal nerve (cn ix)?
Parasympathetic, sympathetic, sensory, and motor roots can all be found in the otic ganglion.
All branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve receive postganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibres from the otic ganglion. Additionally, the parotid gland receives sympathetic vasomotor fibres from it. The infratemporal fossa's medial side and the tiny parasympathetic ganglion known as the otic ganglion are both situated just below the foramen ovale. It functions as the glossopharyngeal nerve's functional partner and innervates the parotid gland to stimulate salivation. The auriculotemporal nerve most likely sends signals to the superficial temporal artery from the otic ganglia. Because migraine attacks involve the superficial temporal artery, this is clinically intriguing.
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Why are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation of mRNA useful to humans?
For the regulation of genes during nutritional shortage and stress, development and differentiation, nervous system function, aging, and illness, translational control in eukaryotic cells is essential. Prokaryotes are able to respond quickly to environmental cues because transcription and translation happen simultaneously in the cytoplasm.
what are Prokaryotes ?Any organism without internal membranes is referred to as a prokaryote, usually written procaryote. These organisms lack a defined nucleus and other organelles.
what is eukaryotic ?eukaryotic can be explained as a living things with nuclei in their cells. Eukaryotes include all animals, all plants, all fungi, and many unicellular creatures.
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30 points & not that hard
The town of Fairfield, Connecticut is located on the east coast of the United States and is proposing clean energy projects such as solar panel farms to help reduce
carbon dioxide emissions and reduce electrical power costs to the town. The town has created a Clean Energy Task Force to lead these projects. You are going to attend a town meeting to ask questions about their proposals to install solar farms in various locations such as the parking lots of local high schools and over a
former landfill.
List at least 5 questions you should ask the Clean Energy Task Force before you make a decision.
(Please write a minimum of three sentences)
Answer:
Explanation:
First I would ask
how much their budget is for one year. Next I would ask how they are going to have more clean energy. Other questions I would ask are where will you install the solar farms, will the farms impact local businesses and how much dirty energy they want to get out of the atmosphere
When there is no pattern to a
population's growth, it is known as
A. cyclical
C. irruptive
B. declining
D. irregular
Answer: D. irregular
Explanation:
Select all true statements regarding gamma decay.
Gamma rays are the spectral particles with the highest energy and shortest wavelength. This form of decay does not result in the release of any particles from the nucleus.
What is a nucleus, and what does it do?The spindle holds the alleles, which are the structures that house the genetic traits, and governs and regulates the functions of the cell. The nucleoplasm is the gel-like membrane that contains the nuclear parts are suspended.
Why is the nucleus the most significant cell?Due to its role in the storage, retrieval, and copying of genetic material, the nucleus is regarded as among the most significant components of eukaryotic cells. The genetic material is housed in an organelle with two membranes.
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Please help! I have no idea how to do this
1) cell membrane: protects and separates the cell from other cells in the environment, controls what enters and leaves the cell
2) mitochondria: generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. (referred to as powerhouses)
3) Smooth ER: synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids
4) rough ER: produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
5) nucleus: store the cell's DNA, maintain its integrity, and facilitate its transcription and replication.
6) cytoplasm: provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell.
7) Vacuole: help sequester waste products
8) lysosomes: They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
9) ribosomes: the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
10) Golgi apparatus: Golgi apparatus prepares proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use in other places inside and outside the cell.
What is the base sequence on the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule transcribed from it?
A. TGG CAC GTC CTA
BTGG CUC GTC CTU
C. UGG CTC GUC CUT
D. UGG CAC GUC CUA
scientists understand that viruses have advanced greatly in the last 50 years. which statement gives evidence that a virus is non living.
Answer:
Reproduction.
Explanation:
One piece of evidence that a virus is non-living is that it cannot reproduce on its own.
Unlike living organisms, viruses require a host cell to replicate and produce more viruses.
This dependence on a host cell for reproduction suggests that viruses are not truly alive, as they lack one of the key characteristics of living things, which is the ability to independently sustain and replicate themselves.
VERY IMPORTANT WILL MARK
2. Which extreme organism is the most extreme? Why?
Answer:
Extremophilic microbes
Explanation:
The Most Extreme Creatures Extremophilic microbes are a wild bunch. They can be found thriving in some of the most hostile environments imaginable - swimming in near-boiling water, eating rocks, lounging in sub-zero temperatures, and hanging out where radiation levels rival nuclear reactors.
an oversimplified or exaggerated generalization used to describe or distinguish a group is called
Answer: An oversimplified or exaggerated generalization used to describe or distinguish a group is called a stereotype.
Which of these shows an example of an insertion mutation?
The figure 3 shows an example of an insertion mutation.
What do you mean by insertion mutation?
An insertion is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. This can often happen in microsatellite regions due to the DNA polymerase slipping.
Moreover, an insertion changes the DNA sequence by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. As a result, the protein made from the gene may not function properly.
An insertion mutation occurs when an extra nucleotide is added to the DNA strand during replication. This can happen when the replicating strand "slips," or wrinkles, which allows the extra nucleotide to be incorporated.
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describes the response of auditory nerve fibers that allows for the plausibility of the theory of frequency representation:
The cochlea sends information about sound stimuli to the cochlear nucleus of the brainstem via auditory nerve fibres.
Depending on whether receptor cell population in the cochlea is contacted, the neurons that give rise to these fibres can be split into two categories.
Basically, vibrations (sound signals) are transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve. Remember that hearing sounds is made possible by several different parts of the ear, not just the auditory nerve. A number of additional ear components are also involved.
Some sensory systems that provide information that is relevant to motor functions are distinguished by a "spatial code" in addition to a "temporal code" because they display characteristics that are tailored to specific spatial directions. Examples include otolith and semicircular canal afferents, as well as muscle spindle afferents.
Complete question:
The volley principle first proposed by Weaver & Bray (1937)
describes the response of auditory nerve fibers that allows for the plausibility of the theory of frequency representation:
a) place code
b) temporal code
c) population code
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Which of the following is a characteristic of offspring produced by meiosis, and does not characterize offspring produced by mitosis?
A.
four haploid cells with chromosomes and alleles that are genetically different than the parents
B.
four haploid cells with chromosomes and alleles that are genetically identical to the parents
C.
two diploid cells with chromosomes and alleles that that are genetically different than the parents
D.
two diploid cells with chromosomes and alleles that are genetically identical to the parents
Answer:
the answer is B I did this last week
The founder effect is an example of _______.
Answer:
The founder effect is an example of genetic drift
explanation:A population has members with the same appearance and features, such members encounter similar problems in the environment they live in. Some members of the population start living in a different place due to some reason. In that new area, they form a colony and start to adapt to different environments. This is called the founder effect. This brings change into sets of genes causing genetic drift.
Three-letter segments of mRNA code for specific
O sickle cells.
O disorders.
O chromosomes.
O amino acids.
First answer gets 5 stars
Each mRNA nucleotide's three letters is either a stop codon or a specific amino acid.
What do the three bases in mRNA stand for?Three components make up mRNAs: The 3′ end controls the stability of the mRNA, the center specifies the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide, and the 5′ end provides binding sites for proteins that start the synthesis of polypeptides.
What is the name of a trio of mRNA nucleotides?A codon is a set of three nucleotide bases in messenger RNA that designates a certain amino acid. These codons will complement an anticodon that is linked to an amino acid.
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How do scientists study the interactions and flow of matter and energy within and between earths
which division of the piriform cortex produces representations of the features of odorant molecules?
The anterior division of the piriform cortex produces representations of the features of odorant molecules.
Piriform cortex is a region of the brain also called as pyriform cortex, situated in the cerebrum region. Its function is to regulate the mechanisms of the olfactory experiences. It is at the junction of the temporal and frontal lobes.
Odorant molecules are the ligands that bind to the odorant receptors present at the neurons of the body involved in the olfactory responses. They are names odorants because they perceive smell. The receptors of the odorant molecules are GPCRs. Odorants are of various types based on the type of functional group they possess.
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a branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity by speeding up the heart rate is called the system.
The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system raises heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing to get the body ready for exercise. The sympathetic division also encourages the liver to release glucose for use as fuel.
To increase heart rate, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) produces the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. The primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to calm down or lessen your body's activity. The rhyming expressions "rest and digest" or "feed and breed" are good methods to remember what your parasympathetic nervous system performs because of the messages they carry. When a person is confronted with a dangerous or terrifying scenario, one component of the autonomic nervous system, known as the sympathetic nervous system, reacts. It will automatically raise heart rate and respiration while moving blood to the muscles.
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7. suppose a scientist discovers a gene that he believes promotes pluripotency. how could he test this possibility?
suppose a scientist discovers a gene that he believes promotes pluripotency. he could test this possibility by depleting it from the somatic nucleus to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes less efficient
What is Pluripotency?The capacity of some substances to elicit a variety of unique biological reactions is referred to as the pluripotency of biological molecules. As with pluripotent stem cells' ability to differentiate into several cell types, pluripotent is also used to denote something that has no predetermined developmental potential.
What makes anything pluripotent?A term with several "potentials" is plural. In other words, these cells have the capacity to transform into all more than 200 different cell types in the body. Both induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are reprogrammed from adult tissues, and embryonic stem cells are pluripotent.
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Complete question:
Suppose a scientist discovers a gene that he believes promotes pluripotency. How could he test this possibility?
a. Transduce it into somatic cells with Oct4, Sox2, c-myc, and Klf4 to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes more efficient
b. In a somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment, deplete it from enucleated eggs to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes less efficient
c. In a somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment, deplete it from the somatic nucleus to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes less efficient
d. In a somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment, deplete it from enucleated eggs to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes more efficient
e. Two of the above answers are correct
HELPPPPPPPPPPPPP helpppppppppp
Answer:
"Plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) Four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase."
PMAT is the order of the phases of mitosis.
NEED HELP ASAP I WILL GIVE 50 POINTS!!!
Which organisms have cells that use mitochondria to release energy stored in food?
A: Self feeders
B: Neither self feeders nor other feeders'
C: Other feeders
D: Both
Answer:
D. Both self feeders(plants) and other feeders(animals and microorganism)
Explanation:
The membrane-enclosed organelles are mitochondria, which are present in the cells of virtually all eucaryotic organisms (including fungi, animals, and plants), and plastids—most notably chloroplasts—which occur only in plants.
I hope this helped
Answer: D. Both self feeders(plants) and other feeders(animals and microorganism)
Explanation:
.
Hydrogen bonding is a type of force that occurs inside of molecules.
A. False
B. True
Answer:
[tex]\Huge \boxed{\textbf{B. True}}}[/tex]
Explanation:
Hydrogen bonding plays an important role inside many molecules. It occurs due to an electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative element like oxygen or nitrogen, and another nearby electronegative atom that possesses a lone pair of electrons. This second atom acts as an acceptor for the hydrogen.
The hydrogen is pulled slightly toward the acceptor due to their opposing charges. These hydrogen bonds can form both between different molecules as well as within different parts of the same molecule.
They are stronger than the normal attractions between permanently polarised molecules or non-polar atoms. However, hydrogen bonds are not as intensely strong as true covalent bonds, which involve sharing electrons, or ionic bonds that transfer electrons.
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in biology the different areas of study are connected and overlap in various ways with concepts that cut across all discliptines which pair of crosscutting concepts are best exeplied when birds fly south when winter comes to the united states and north when spring arrives
Patterns; cause and effect are pair of crosscutting concepts are best explained when birds fly south when winter comes to the united states and north when spring arrives.
What notions span crosscutting concepts?
In all branches of science, crosscutting concepts are useful. As such, they serve as a means of connecting the various branches of science. They consist of patterns, cause-and-effect relationships, scale, proportion, and quantity, systems, and system models, as well as energy and matter, structure and function, stability, and change.
Patterns: Observed patterns in nature serve as a guide for organizing and classification and raise inquiries about the connections and reasons that underlie them.
Cause and Effect: Events have causes, some of which are straightforward and others of which are complex. Science and engineering place a high priority on understanding causal links and the systems that mediate them.
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What environmental parameters would need to be monitored as DDT
Answer:
1. Soil and water samples for levels of DDT and its metabolites
2. Air samples for levels of DDT and its metabolites
3. Sediment samples for levels of DDT and its metabolites
4. Biological samples for levels of DDT and its metabolites
5. Surface water run-off for levels of DDT and its metabolites
6. Aquatic life for levels of DDT and its metabolites
7. Plant life for levels of DDT and its metabolites
8. Temperature and pH levels in the environment
9. Wind speed and direction
10. Rainfall levels
In chloroplasts, _____ is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis.
Answer: In chloroplasts, water is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis.
Explanation:
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