The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the global economy. It's forced organizations and companies to adapt corporations that was affected by the pandemic. Let's take a look at the changes implemented by Samsung due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The pandemic had forced Samsung to shift to remote work. This was done to reduce the risk of exposure to the virus employees. Samsung implemented remote work policies to make it easier for employees to work from home. This allowed employees to continue their work from a safe location while maintaining their productivity.
Samsung has increased its focus on online shopping as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since people are staying at home to prevent the spread of the virus, online shopping has become more prevalent. Samsung has made its products available through its website, as well as other online shopping platforms.
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Kay turned 72 on March 17th of Year 2 (which was after the year 2021). Her profit-sharing account
balance was $500,000 at the end of Year 1 and $550,000 at the end of Year 2. Her beneficiary is her
favorite granddaughter, Jordan, who turned 12 years old on July 23rd of Year 2. Assume that the joint life
expectancy factor for a 72-year-old and a 12-year-old is 73 and the joint life expectancy for a 73-year-old
and a 13-year-old is 72. Also, assume that the life expectancy factor based on the uniform lifetime table
for someone who is 72, 73 and 74, is 27.4, 26.5, and 25.5, respectively. Kay takes a distribution of
$10,000 in November of Year 1 and in Year 2. What is the Kay’s minimum distribution for Year 2?
Kay turned 72 on March 17th of Year 2 (which was after the year 2021). Her profit-sharing account
balance was $500,000 at the end of Year 1 and $550,000 at the end of Year 2. Her beneficiary is her
favorite granddaughter, Jordan, who turned 12 years old on July 23rd of Year 2. Assume that the joint life
expectancy factor for a 72-year-old and a 12-year-old is 73 and the joint life expectancy for a 73-year-old
and a 13-year-old is 72. Also, assume that the life expectancy factor based on the uniform lifetime table
for someone who is 72, 73 and 74, is 27.4, 26.5, and 25.5, respectively. Kay takes a distribution of
$10,000 in November of Year 1 and in Year 2. What is the Kay’s minimum distribution for Year 2?
$18,248.
$18,868
$20,073
$20,755.
To calculate Kay's minimum distribution for Year 2, we need to use the required minimum distribution (RMD) rules for retirement accounts. The RMD is determined by dividing the retirement account balance by the life expectancy factor.
Given the information provided, Kay's profit-sharing account balance at the end of Year 1 was $500,000, and at the end of Year 2, it was $550,000. Her age in Year 2 is 72, and her beneficiary, Jordan, is 12 years old.
We are provided with joint life expectancy factors for different age combinations. For a 72-year-old and a 12-year-old, the joint life expectancy factor is 73.
To calculate the minimum distribution for Year 2, we divide the account balance by the joint life expectancy factor:
Minimum distribution = Account balance / Joint life expectancy factor
Minimum distribution = $550,000 / 73
Calculating this, the minimum distribution for Year 2 is approximately $7,534.25.
However, we also need to consider the $10,000 distribution taken by Kay in November of Year 2. Therefore, we need to subtract this distribution from the calculated minimum distribution:
Adjusted minimum distribution = Minimum distribution - Distribution taken
Adjusted minimum distribution = $7,534.25 - $10,000
Adjusted minimum distribution = -$2,465.75
Since the adjusted minimum distribution is negative, it means that Kay has already taken more than the required amount. Therefore, the minimum distribution for Year 2 would be $0.
Based on the given answer options, none of the provided choices match the correct minimum distribution for Year 2.
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Which of the following is considered investment by economists?
a) The U.S. government increased military spending in Afghanistan by $120 billion
b) Target purchased new shopping baskets for their new store in Gastonia
c) I purchased a $10,000 Treasury bond from the U.S. government
d) My husband is saving cash in a safe in our basement
e) all of the above
The correct answer is option e) all of the above. According to economists, all of the given options can be considered investment in the context of economics:
a) The U.S. government increasing military spending in Afghanistan by $120 billion is considered investment because it involves the expenditure of resources with the expectation of generating future benefits or returns, such as enhancing national security or promoting economic stability in the region.
b) Target's purchase of new shopping baskets for their new store in Gastonia is considered investment because it involves the acquisition of physical capital (shopping baskets) with the intention of using it to facilitate business operations and generate future revenues.
c) Your purchase of a $10,000 Treasury bond from the U.S. government is considered investment because it involves lending money to the government in exchange for a financial instrument that pays interest over time, providing a return on your investment.
d) Your husband saving cash in a safe in your basement is also considered investment in the sense that it involves setting aside money for future use or investment purposes, such as funding a future project or acquiring assets.
In all the given options, resources are allocated with the expectation of generating future benefits or returns, which aligns with the concept of investment in economics.
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Question Five ( 7 Marks ) The following information is budgeted for McCracken Plumbing Supply Company for next quarter : April May June
Sales.....$ 110,000 $ 130,000 $ 180,000
Merchandise purchases.....$ 85,000 $ 92,000 $ 105,000
Selling and administrative expenses ..... $ 50,000b $ 50,000 $ 50,000
All sales at McCracken are on credit . Forty percent are collected in the month of sale , 58 % in the month following the sale , and the remaining 2 % are uncollectible . Merchandise purchases are paid in full the month following the month of purchase . The selling and administrative expenses above include $ 8,000 of depreciation on display fixtures and warehouse equipment . All other selling and administrative expenses are paid as incurred . McCracken wants to maintain a cash balance of $ 15,000 . Any amount below this can be borrowed from a local bank as needed in increments of $ 1,000 . All borrowings are made at month end . Required : Prepare McCracken's cash budget for the month of May . Use good form . McCracken expects to have $ 24,000 of cash on hand at the beginning of May
McCracken Plumbing Supply Company's cash budget for the month of May shows an ending cash balance of $8,400, indicating a need to borrow $6,600 to maintain the desired cash balance.
To prepare McCracken Plumbing Supply Company's cash budget for the month of May, we need to consider the cash inflows and outflows based on the given information. Here's the calculation:
Beginning cash balance (May): $24,000
Cash inflows:
Sales collected in May (40% of April sales): $110,000 * 40% = $44,000
Sales collected in May (58% of May sales): $130,000 * 58% = $75,400
Total cash inflows: $44,000 + $75,400 = $119,400
Cash outflows:
Merchandise purchases paid in May (April purchases): $85,000
Selling and administrative expenses (including depreciation): $50,000
Total cash outflows: $85,000 + $50,000 = $135,000
Net cash flow: Cash inflows - Cash outflows
Net cash flow: $119,400 - $135,000 = -$15,600
Ending cash balance (May): Beginning cash balance + Net cash flow
Ending cash balance: $24,000 - $15,600 = $8,400
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Quatro Company issues bonds dated January 1, 2021, with a par value of $780,000. The bonds' annual contract rate is 13%, and interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31. The bonds mature in three years. The annual market rate at the date of issuance is 12%, and the bonds are sold for $799,207. 1. What is the amount of the premium on these bonds at issuance? 2. How much total bond interest expense will be recognized over the life of these bonds? 3. Prepare an effective interest amortization table for these bonds.
1. Amount of premium on the bonds at issuance The issuance price of the bond is $799,207 and its par value is $780,000. The difference between these two values is the amount of premium on the bond, which is $19,207.
2. Total bond interest expense that will be recognised over the life of the bond The bonds have an annual contract rate of 13%, a par value of $780,000, and semi-annual interest payments. As a result, the semi-annual interest is computed as follows:$780,000 x 13% x 6/12 = $50,700Interest is paid semiannually over a three-year term, resulting in six interest payments. The total bond interest expense is the sum of all of the interest payments over the term of the bond:6 x $50,700 = $304,2003. Effective interest a mortification table for these bonds The effective interest rate must first be calculated before creating the effective interest amortisation table.
The effective interest rate is a weighted average of the interest rates paid on the bond's outstanding balance. As a result, for the initial period, the effective interest rate is:Effective interest rate = Interest expense / Outstanding balance$19,207 / $799,207 = 0.024 (rounded to three decimal places)Period 1:Image credit: CFIImage credit: CFIIn the first period, interest expense is calculated by multiplying the effective interest rate by the outstanding balance at the end of the previous period. In this case, the outstanding balance at the end of the previous period is the issuance price of the bond minus the initial semi-annual interest payment:Outstanding balance at the end of the previous period = $799,207 - $50,700 = $748,507Interest expense = $748,507 x 0.024 = $17,964Image credit: CFIThe bond's unamortized premium is $1,243, which is the difference between the bond's carrying amount of $781,243 ($780,000 plus $1,243) and the bond's par value of $780,000. The bond's carrying amount is the sum of the par value and the unamortized premium at the end of each period.The outstanding balance at the end of the period is the carrying amount of the bond minus the amount of principal paid, which is $15,000 (half of $30,000). As a result, the outstanding balance at the end of the period is $766,243 ($781,243 minus $15,000).Period 2:Image credit: CFIInterest expense is calculated by multiplying the effective interest rate by the outstanding balance at the end of the previous period:Outstanding balance at the end of the previous period = $766,243 - $50,700 = $715,543Interest expense = $715,543 x 0.024 = $17,173Image credit: CFIBond's unamortized premium = $1,505Outstanding balance at the end of the period = $749,748 ($766,243 minus $16,495)Period 3:Image credit: CFIInterest expense is calculated by multiplying the effective interest rate by the outstanding balance at the end of the previous period:Outstanding balance at the end of the previous period = $749,748 - $50,700 = $699,048Interest expense = $699,048 x 0.024 = $16,777Image credit: CFIBond's unamortized premium = $1,775Outstanding balance at the end of the period = $733,348 ($749,748 minus $16,400)Period 4:Image credit: CFIInterest expense is calculated by multiplying the effective interest rate by the outstanding balance at the end of the previous period:Outstanding balance at the end of the previous period = $733,348 - $50,700 = $682,648Interest expense = $682,648 x 0.024 = $16,344 Image credit: CFIBond's unamortized premium = $2,075Outstanding balance at the end of the period = $716,748 ($733,348 minus $16,600)Period 5:Image credit: CFIInterest expense is calculated by multiplying the effective interest rate by the outstanding balance at the end of the previous period:Outstanding balance at the end of the previous period = $716,748 - $50,700 = $666,048 Interest expense = $666,048 x 0.024 = $15,985Image credit: CFIBond's unamortized premium = $2,416 Outstanding balance at the end of the period = $700,448 ($716,748 minus $16,300)Period 6:Image credit: CFIInterest expense is calculated by multiplying the effective interest rate by the outstanding balance at the end of the previous period:Outstanding balance at the end of the previous period = $700,448 - $50,700 = $649,748Interest expense = $649,748 x 0.024 = $15,594Image credit: CFIBond's unamortized premium = $2,798Outstanding balance at the end of the period = $683,448 ($700,448 minus $17,000)This concludes the preparation of the effective interest amortization table for the bonds.
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Use the following scenario for the next two questions. Suppose that the federal government decides to forgive all current (and future) outstanding student loans (estimated to total around $1.6 trillion as of early 2020). When thinking about the AD/AS model, which curve would this shift in the short-run, and in which direction? a. AD curve, to the left b. AD curve, to the right c. SRAS curve only, to the right d. SRAS and AD curves, to the left e. SRAS and LRAS curves, to the left
The forgiveness of all current and future outstanding student loans by the federal government would shift the AD (aggregate demand) curve to the right in the short run. So, option b is right answer.
When the federal government forgives all student loans, it essentially transfers wealth from lenders (e.g., banks or the government itself) to borrowers (students).
This action has the potential to increase consumers' disposable income, which leads to higher consumption spending. Increased consumption is a component of aggregate demand (AD), which represents the total demand for goods and services in an economy.
By forgiving student loans, individuals who were previously burdened by debt are relieved of their repayment obligations. This increases their purchasing power, allowing them to spend more on various goods and services.
As a result, the overall level of aggregate demand in the economy rises. Consequently, the AD curve would shift to the right in the short run, reflecting the increased demand for goods and services.
It's important to note that this shift in the AD curve in the short run assumes no offsetting factors, such as changes in taxes, government spending, or other economic variables.
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Greg Morrison recently graduated from construction engineering school. He is considering opening his own construction business providing module housing. Providing module homes is a high-fixed cost business, as it requires considerable expenditures for facilities, labor, and equipment, no matter how many families are served. Assume the annual fixed cost of operations is $800,000. Further assume that the only significant variable cost relates to the module homes, themselves. An average module home costs $12,000. Greg's banker has asked a variety of questions in contemplation of providing a loan for this business:
(a) If the average family is charged $18,000 for installation of a module home, how many families must be served to clear the break-even point?
(b) If the banker believes Greg will only serve 100 families during the first year in business, how much will the business lose during its first year of operation?
(c) If Greg believes his profits will be at least $100,000 during the first year, how much is he anticipating for total revenue?
(d) The banker has suggested that Greg can reduce his fixed costs by $150,000 if he will not buy any vehicles. Greg can instead rent vehicles as needed. The variable cost of renting is $700 per family served. Will this suggestion help Greg reach the break-even point sooner?
We must compute the number of families that must be serviced in order to cover the fixed costs in order to estimate the break-even threshold. Fixed costs / Contribution margin per family = Break-even point (in terms of the number of families).
The difference between the selling price and the variable cost per family is the contribution margin per family. Cost of a typical module home is $12,000 Selling price is $18,000 for each family. Variable cost per family equals $18,000 minus $12,000, or $6,000 in contribution margin per family. Break-even point is equal to 800,000/6,000, or 133.33 families. Greg would need to serve at least 134 families to break even because you cannot have a quarter of a family. If the banker thinks Greg will only serve 100 customers.
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Which single attribute criterion are you most familiar with and why? One thing you may have noticed when learning about these criteria is that there's no centralized database (that I know of) where you can filter to find materials that satisfy these single-attribute criteria. But there are certain databases that I didn't list and may not know about
Among the single attribute criteria, the most familiar one is not having a centralized database for filtering materials that satisfy these criteria.
While exploring the single attribute criteria, one notable observation is the absence of a centralized database specifically designed for filtering materials that meet these criteria. As far as my knowledge extends, there isn't a known database that allows for easy filtering based on single attribute criteria.
However, it is worth noting that there could be other databases or resources available that I might not be aware of or have not listed. It is always recommended to conduct thorough research and explore various platforms, libraries, or specialized databases related to the specific attributes or criteria one is seeking.
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Micah is aware that COVID-19 is spreading in his community and has an auto-immune condition that makes it very risky for him to be exposed. He has arranged to work from home, order groceries to be delivered, and only leaves the house to get fresh air and exercise when no one else is around him. What kind of risk management is Micah practicing with this decision?
A. Risk avoidance
B. Risk manipulation
C. Risk assumption
D. Transfer of risk
Micah is practicing risk avoidance in this situation. Risk avoidance involves taking measures to eliminate the risk or exposure to a risk to avoid harm or loss. The answer is A.
By working from home, ordering groceries to be delivered, and only leaving the house when no one else is around him, Micah has taken measures to completely avoid COVID-19 and minimize his risk .
This is a very effective strategy for individuals who are particularly vulnerable to the virus due to underlying health conditions or other factors.Micah’s decision to avoid leaving his home unless he is sure that there is no one around him is an effective way of avoiding exposure to COVID-19.
The answer is A.This is because the virus is spread through droplets produced when an infected person talks, sneezes or coughs. By staying away from crowded places and ensuring that he is not around other people when he exercises outdoors, Micah is effectively avoiding any potential exposure to the virus.
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Intertemporal budget constraint. Budget line 1: Y₁ = $900. Y₂ = $600. The interest rate is 12 percent, both for borrowing and saving. Utility = C₁⁵C₂⁷ Draw the budget line, with solved numbers. Solve the optimal consumption levels to choose in time 1 and time 2.
The maximum utility that can be derived from these consumption levels is U = C1^5C2^7 = $411.42^5 x $517.14^7 = $20,961,636.18. Intertemporal budget constraint refers to the consumer's budget constraint over time. The budget line shows the quantity of goods that can be purchased with the amount of income available.
It describes the maximum amount of consumption in the present and future, given the current income and interest rate. Hence, the formula for the budget line is: C1 + C2/ (1+r) = Y1/ (1+r) + Y2. Where C1 and C2 are the present and future consumption, r is the interest rate, and Y1 and Y2 are present and future incomes. The consumer's intertemporal budget constraint is based on the consumption and investment possibilities available in different periods. Utility is the satisfaction or happiness derived by the consumer from consuming goods.
Mathematically, the utility function can be defined as U = C1^5C2^7, where C1 and C2 are the consumption levels in period 1 and 2, respectively. To maximize utility, the consumer must allocate income between present and future consumption. In this problem, the budget line is: C1 + C2/ (1+12%) = $900/ (1+12%) + $600. Simplifying, C1 + C2/ 1.12 = $803.57. The optimal consumption levels can be found by maximizing the utility function subject to the budget constraint. The Lagrangian function is: L = C1^5C2^7 - λ(C1 + C2/ 1.12 - $803.57). Taking the partial derivatives with respect to C1, C2, and λ, we get: ∂L/∂C1 = 5C1^4C2^7 - λ = 0 ∂L/∂C2 = 7C1^5C2^6 - λ/1.12 = 0 ∂L/∂λ = C1 + C2/ 1.12 - $803.57 = 0 Solving the above equations, we get: C1 = $411.42 and C2 = $517.14. Therefore, the optimal consumption levels to choose in time 1 and time 2 are $411.42 and $517.14, respectively. The maximum utility that can be derived from these consumption levels is U = C1^5C2^7 = $411.42^5 x $517.14^7 = $20,961,636.18.
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What is a lender to a company or real estate project more concerned with – net earnings or cash flow? Why?
Lenders are more concerned with cash flow as it directly reflects the borrower's ability to generate sufficient funds for debt repayment, while net earnings can be influenced by non-cash items and accounting measures.
A lender to a company or real estate project is more concerned with cash flow rather than net earnings. Cash flow represents the actual inflows and outflows of cash in a business, while net earnings refer to the profitability of the company after deducting expenses from revenue.
Lenders prioritize cash flow because it indicates the ability of the borrower to generate sufficient cash to meet debt obligations and make timely interest and principal payments. Positive cash flow ensures that the borrower has enough liquidity to cover operating expenses, debt service, and other financial commitments. It provides assurance to the lender that the borrower has the means to repay the loan as agreed upon.
Net earnings, on the other hand, can be influenced by various accounting methods and non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization. It does not necessarily reflect the actual cash available to the borrower. Lenders are more concerned with the actual cash flows generated by the borrower, as this is a more accurate indicator of their ability to meet their financial obligations. Hence, lenders prioritize cash flow over net earnings to assess the borrower's ability to generate sufficient cash for loan repayment and to mitigate the risk of default.
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Discuss the current economic situation (recession?) by comparing and contrasting mainstream economics and heterodox economics. Do not just simply list the differences between two approaches, make sure you use your knowledge to discuss the current economic situation. In other words, what would two approaches tell about the causes and consequences of the recession and what would they suggest as policy recommendations?
Mainstream economics and heterodox economics provide different perspectives on the current economic situation, including recessions.
Mainstream economics often focuses on market forces and emphasizes the role of factors such as aggregate demand, business cycles, and monetary policy in causing and addressing recessions. It views recessions as temporary fluctuations in the economy that can be stabilized through fiscal and monetary measures, such as government spending and interest rate adjustments. Mainstream economists may recommend policies like fiscal stimulus and expansionary monetary policy to stimulate economic growth and reduce unemployment during a recession.
Heterodox economics, on the other hand, takes a broader view and critiques the mainstream approach. Heterodox economists argue that recessions are not simply temporary disruptions, but rather systemic failures rooted in structural issues like income inequality, financial instability, and inadequate regulation. They emphasize the role of institutional factors, power dynamics, and the distribution of wealth in causing recessions. Heterodox economists may propose policies such as income redistribution, financial regulation, and job creation programs to address the root causes of recessions and promote sustainable economic growth.
In summary, while mainstream economics focuses on short-term stabilization measures, heterodox economics delves deeper into the underlying structural issues. Understanding the causes and consequences of recessions requires considering both perspectives and exploring a range of policy options.
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Which of the following is an example of a trade promotion?
1. A magazine carries a shampoo sachet as a sample for customers to try out before buying more of the product.
2. A restaurant sends its customers a direct mail about food festivals and discounted meals that they can avail at the restaurant.
3. A newspaper carries freestanding inserts about discounts customers can avail at a movie theatre.
4. A clothing brand provides consumers coupons with which customers can get a discount on the woolen line of clothing.
5. A manufacturer offers a department store a buyback allowance for a line of cosmetic products that it hasn’t sold.
The correct answer is:
4. A clothing brand provides consumers coupons with which customers can get a discount on the woolen line of clothing.
This is an example of a trade promotion because the clothing brand is offering a discount through coupons specifically targeted at consumers. The aim is to incentivize customers to purchase their products, in this case, the woolen line of clothing. Trade promotions are designed to influence retailers or distributors to carry a product or promote it to their customers. In this scenario, the clothing brand is using coupons as a promotional tool to encourage consumers to buy their products and increase sales.
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4. If you are concerned that the inflation rate is too high, which of the following policies is recommended? (a) A decrease in the money supply. (c) A decrease in income tax rates: (b) An increase in the money supply. (d) An increase in government spending. 5. Suppose an Egyptian car maker manufactures cars in Jordan. If these cars are sold to Jordanian consumers, they will be considered in calculating: (a) Egyptian gross domestic product (GDP). (b) Jordanian gross national product (GNP). (c) Jordanian consumption. (d) All of the above.
4. To address high inflation, a decrease in the money supply is recommended.
5. If the Egyptian car maker sells cars to Jordanian consumers, it will be considered in calculating Jordanian consumption.
4. If you are concerned about high inflation, a decrease in the money supply (option a) is recommended. This is because reducing the amount of money circulating in the economy can help curb inflationary pressures by limiting the availability of money for spending and investment.
5. If the Egyptian car maker sells cars to Jordanian consumers, it will be considered in calculating Jordanian consumption (option c). The calculation of GDP (gross domestic product) focuses on economic activities within a country's borders, while GNP (gross national product) takes into account the economic activities of a country's residents, regardless of where they occur.
Since the cars are sold and consumed in Jordan, they contribute to Jordanian consumption and are not included in the GDP of Egypt. Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
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a. Using a supply and demand diagram, demonstrate how a positive externality leads to market inefficiency. b. How might the government help to eliminate this inefficiency? Describe one market-based policy that can eliminate the inefficiency (be specific). c. Why are corrective taxes or subsidies preferred to regulatory policies as methods remedy externalities?
a) A positive externality occurs when the production or consumption of a good or service generates benefits for third parties that are not reflected in the market price. This can lead to market inefficiency, as the socially optimal level of output is greater than the equilibrium quantity determined by the market.
Using a supply and demand diagram, the positive externality can be illustrated by shifting the demand curve to the right, indicating the additional benefits received by third parties. However, since the market only considers private costs and benefits, the equilibrium quantity (Q1) is lower than the socially optimal quantity (Q2). This demonstrates the market inefficiency caused by the positive externality.
^
Price | P1
Level | /\
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \ D (Private)
/ \
/ \
/_____________\
Q2 Q1
Quantity
b) The government can help eliminate this inefficiency by implementing market-based policies. One specific policy is the use of **subsidies**. By providing subsidies to producers or consumers who generate positive externalities, the government can effectively lower their costs or increase their benefits. This encourages increased production or consumption of the good or service with the positive externality, bringing the quantity closer to the socially optimal level.
For example, if there is a positive externality associated with renewable energy production, the government can provide subsidies to renewable energy producers. This would reduce their costs of production, enabling them to supply a higher quantity of renewable energy at a lower price. This intervention helps align the market quantity with the socially optimal level, reducing the inefficiency caused by the positive externality.
c) Corrective taxes or subsidies are preferred over regulatory policies as methods to remedy externalities due to their efficiency and flexibility.
**Corrective taxes** (also known as Pigovian taxes) can be imposed on goods or activities that generate negative externalities. By levying taxes proportional to the social costs imposed on society, corrective taxes internalize the external costs into the market price. This incentivizes producers and consumers to account for the negative externalities and make more socially optimal decisions.
Similarly, **subsidies** can be used to address positive externalities by providing financial incentives to producers or consumers. This encourages the production or consumption of goods or services that generate positive externalities, leading to a more efficient allocation of resources.
Compared to regulatory policies, such as outright bans or command-and-control regulations, corrective taxes or subsidies offer greater flexibility and efficiency. They allow market forces to determine the optimal level of production or consumption while accounting for the external costs or benefits. Additionally, corrective taxes and subsidies provide economic incentives for innovation and cost-effective solutions, allowing for a more dynamic and adaptable approach to addressing externalities.
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Transcribed image text:
Consider the case of Kuhn Co. Kuhn Co. Is considering a new project that will require an initial investment of $20 million. It has a target capital structure of 45% debt, 4% preferred stock, and 51% common equity. Kuhn has noncallable bonds outstanding that mature in flve years with a face value of $1,000, an annual coupon rate of 10%, and a market price of $1,050.76. The yield on the company's current bonds is a good approximation of the yield on any new bonds that it issues. The company can sell shares of preferred stock that pay an annual dividend of $9 at a price of $95.70 per share. Kuhn does not have any retained earnings available to finance this project, so the firm will have to issue new common stock to help fund it. Its common stock is currently selling for $33.35 per share, and it is expected to pay a dividend of $1.36 at the end of next year. Flotation costs will represent 3% of the funds raised by issuing new common stock. The company is projected to grow at a constant rate of 8.7%, and they face a tax rate of 25%. What will be the WACC for this project? (Note: Round your intermediate calculations to two decimal places.)
The WACC of Kuhn Co. for the new project is 10.69%.
:Given data Initial Investment = $20 million Debt = 45%Preferred Stock = 4%Common Equity = 51%Noncallable bonds outstanding that mature in five years Annual Coupon Rate = 10%Market Price = $1,050.76Face Value = $1,000Yield is a good approximation of the yield on any new bonds that it issues. Company can sell preferred stock with an annual dividend of $9 and a price of $95.70 per share. Common stock is selling for $33.35 per share. Dividend expected at the end of next year is $1.36Flotation costs will represent 3% of the funds raised by issuing new common stock. Company is projected to grow at a constant rate of 8.7%.Tax rate = 25%We will calculate the cost of each component of capital.1. Cost of Debt Cost of Debt = Annual Interest payment/Market Value of Debt Annual Interest payment = 10% * Face Value = $100Market Value of Debt = $1,050.76Therefore,Cost of Debt = (10% * $1,000)/$1,050.76 = 9.5%2. Cost of Preferred Stock Cost of Preferred Stock = Annual Dividend/Net Proceeds of Preferred Stock Annual Dividend = $9Net Proceeds of Preferred Stock = $95.70Therefore,Cost of Preferred Stock = $9/$95.70 = 9.4%3. Cost of Common Equity We will use the CAPM to calculate the cost of common equity. Cost of Common Equity = Risk-free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium Risk-free rate = 1.9% Beta = 1.55Market Risk Premium = 8.5%Therefore, Cost of Common Equity = 1.9% + (1.55 * 8.5%) = 14.075% We have to adjust the cost of common equity for the flotation costs, as they represent 3% of the funds raised by issuing new common stock.
Cost of Common Equity = 14.075% * (1 - 3%) = 13.6%4. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)WACC = (w1 * r1) + (w2 * r2) + (w3 * r3)Where, w1 = Weight of Debt = 45%w2 = Weight of Preferred Stock = 4%w3 = Weight of Common Equity = 51%r1 = Cost of Debt = 9.5%r2 = Cost of Preferred Stock = 9.4%r3 = Cost of Common Equity = 13.6%Therefore,WACC = (0.45 * 9.5%) + (0.04 * 9.4%) + (0.51 * 13.6%) = 10.69%Hence, the WACC of Kuhn Co. for the new project is 10.69%.
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involve the manager's ability to resolve conflict between people, understand human behaviour, and motivate groups as well as individuals.
A manager's ability to resolve conflicts, understand human behavior, and motivate groups and individuals is crucial for effective leadership.
Conflict resolution is an essential skill for managers as they often encounter disputes and disagreements within their teams. The ability to mediate conflicts, find common ground, and facilitate open communication can help prevent conflicts from escalating and maintain positive working relationships among team members. Managers who excel in conflict resolution can create a supportive and collaborative work environment where differences are acknowledged and resolved constructively.
Understanding human behavior is another critical aspect of effective management. Managers who possess this skill can identify individual strengths, weaknesses, and motivations within their team members. By recognizing the unique needs and characteristics of each employee, managers can tailor their approach to provide appropriate guidance, support, and development opportunities. Understanding human behavior also allows managers to anticipate potential challenges, manage expectations, and promote a positive work culture that values diversity and inclusivity.
Motivating groups and individuals is a key responsibility of managers. By understanding the factors that drive employee motivation, managers can design strategies to enhance engagement, productivity, and job satisfaction. Effective motivation techniques may involve providing meaningful recognition and rewards, fostering a sense of purpose and autonomy, and creating opportunities for growth and advancement. A skilled manager can inspire their team members, align their efforts with organizational goals, and foster a high-performance culture that encourages collaboration and innovation.
In conclusion, a manager's ability to resolve conflicts, understand human behavior, and motivate individuals and groups is vital for successful leadership. These skills contribute to a harmonious work environment, effective communication, and increased employee engagement. Managers who excel in these areas can build strong, cohesive teams, address interpersonal issues proactively, and drive organizational success through empowered and motivated employees.
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Which of the following is a control activity in relation to completeness?
a. The accountant compares the amount in the advertising invoice with the advertising quotation
b. The accountant inspects areas where repair costs have been invoiced to ensure repairs have been carried out.
c. The accountant reviews whether invoices have been received and processed for all building repairs purchase orders.
d. The accountant reviews newspapers to see that purchased advertisements appear as expected.
Among the given options, the control activity that relates to completeness is option C, where the accountant reviews whether invoices have been received and processed for all building repairs purchase orders.
Control activities are measures taken by an organization to ensure the reliability and integrity of its financial reporting. In relation to completeness, control activities aim to ensure that all transactions and events are recorded and included in the financial statements.
Option C aligns with this objective as the accountant reviews whether invoices have been received and processed for all building repairs purchase orders. By verifying the presence of invoices for all relevant purchase orders, this control activity helps ensure that all expenses related to building repairs are properly recorded and included in the financial statements.
This review is essential to prevent the omission of any expenses, which could lead to incomplete financial reporting. By conducting this control activity, the organization can enhance the accuracy and completeness of its financial records.
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Prepare journal entries to record the following merchandising transactions of Cabela's, which uses the perpetual inventory system and the gross method. Hint: It will help to identify each receivable and payable; for example, record the purchase on July 1 in Accounts Payable-Boden. July 1 Purchased merchandise from Boden Company for $6,600 under credit terms of 2/15, n/30, ron shipping point, invoice dated July 1. 2 Sold merchandise to Creek Co. for $1,000 under credit terms of 2/10, n/60, FOB shipping point, invoice dated July 2. The merchandise had cost $550. 3 Paid $130 cash for freight charges on the purchase of July 1. 8 Sold merchandise that had cost $1,900 for $2,300 cash.. 9 Purchased merchandise from Leight Co. for $2,600 under credit terms of 2/15, n/60, FOB destination, invoice dated July 9. 11 Returned $600 of merchandise purchased on July 9 from Leight Co. and debited its account payable for that amount. 12 Received the balance due from Creek Co. for the invoice dated July 2, net of the discount.. 16 Paid the balance due to Boden Company within the discount period. 19 Sold merchandise that cost $1,200 to Art Co. for $1,800 under credit terms of 2/15, n/60, POB shipping point, invoice dated July 19. 21 Gave a price reduction (allowance) of $300 to Art Co. for merchandise sold on July 19 and credited Art's accounts receivable for that amount. 24 Paid Leight Co. the balance due, net of discount.
July 1 ; Inventory 6,600
July 2; Inventory 550
July 3; Cash 130
July 8; Inventory 1,900
July 9; Inventory 2,600
July 11; Inventory 600
July 12; Accounts Receivable - Creek Co. Balance after discount
July 16; Cash Amount paid to Boden Company
July 21; Accounts Receivable - Art Co. 300
July 24; Cash Amount paid to Leight Co.
To record the merchandising transactions for Cabela's, I will provide the journal entries for each transaction:
July 1: Purchased merchandise from Boden Company
Accounts Payable - Boden 6,600
Inventory 6,600
July 2: Sold merchandise to Creek Co.
Accounts Receivable - Creek Co. 1,000
Sales 1,000
Cost of Goods Sold 550
Inventory 550
July 3: Paid cash for freight charges
Freight Expense 130
Cash 130
July 8: Sold merchandise for cash
Cash 2,300
Sales 2,300
Cost of Goods Sold 1,900
Inventory 1,900
July 9: Purchased merchandise from Leight Co.
Accounts Payable - Leight Co. 2,600
Inventory 2,600
July 11: Returned merchandise to Leight Co.
Accounts Payable - Leight Co. 600
Inventory 600
July 12: Received payment from Creek Co.
Cash Amount received from Creek Co.
Sales Discounts Discount amount
Accounts Receivable - Creek Co. Balance after discount
July 16: Paid the balance due to Boden Company
Accounts Payable - Boden Balance after discount
Cash Amount paid to Boden Company
July 19: Sold merchandise to Art Co.
Accounts Receivable - Art Co. 1,800
Sales 1,800
Cost of Goods Sold 1,200
Inventory 1,200
July 21: Gave a price reduction to Art Co.
Sales Returns and Allowances 300
Accounts Receivable - Art Co. 300
July 24: Paid the balance due to Leight Co.
Accounts Payable - Leight Co. Balance after discount
Cash Amount paid to Leight Co.
Please note that the entries reflect the specific accounts and amounts for each transaction. It is important to adjust the accounts and amounts based on the actual figures and the specific account titles used by Cabela's.
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Question 3 1 pts Assume Merck (MRK) just announced that its next dividend will be $2, paid one year from now (you just missed the prior annual dividend). You expect the dividend will grow (after the $2 dividend) by 3% per year forever. Your required return is 10%. What are you willing to pay for a share of Merck stock?
To determine the value of a share of Merck stock, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM). The DDM calculates the present value of all future expected dividends.
Given the information provided:
Next year's dividend (D1) = $2
Dividend growth rate (g) = 3%
Required return (r) = 10%
The formula for the DDM is:
Stock Price = D1 / (r - g)
Plugging in the values:
Stock Price = $2 / (0.10 - 0.03)
Stock Price = $2 / 0.07
Stock Price ≈ $28.57
Therefore, you would be willing to pay approximately $28.57 for a share of Merck stock based on the given assumptions of future dividend growth and required return.
It's important to note that the DDM is a simplified model and relies on several assumptions. Actual stock prices may be influenced by other factors such as market conditions, company performance, and investor sentiment. Therefore, it's recommended to consider additional analysis and factors when making investment decisions.
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6. Consider a project with initial investment of $50,000. Cash flows are $30,000, $20,000 and $10,000 annually. What is the payback period of this project? (5\%) 7. The first initial investment of a project is $200. The cash inflows in the following 3 years are $100,$100 and $100. What is the Internal Rate of Return for this project? (10%)
To calculate the payback period of the project, we need to determine the time it takes for the cumulative cash inflows to equal or exceed the initial investment.
Year 1: Cash inflow = $30,000
Year 2: Cash inflow = $20,000
Year 3: Cash inflow = $10,000
The cumulative cash inflows are as follows:
Year 1: $30,000
Year 2: $30,000 + $20,000 = $50,000
Year 3: $50,000 + $10,000 = $60,000
Since the cumulative cash inflows exceed the initial investment of $50,000 in Year 3, the payback period is less than 3 years but more than 2 years. To determine the exact payback period, we can calculate the proportion of the initial investment recovered in Year 3:
Proportion recovered = ($60,000 - $50,000) / $10,000 = 1
Therefore, the payback period is 2 years plus the proportion recovered in Year 3, which is 2 + 1 = 3 years.
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the discount rate that makes the net present value (NPV) of cash inflows equal to the initial investment. In this case, the initial investment is $200, and the cash inflows over three years are $100, $100, and $100.
Using the formula for calculating IRR, we can set up the equation:
$200 = $100 / (1 + IRR) + $100 / (1 + IRR)^2 + $100 / (1 + IRR)^3
Simplifying this equation and solving for IRR can be done using trial and error or financial software. The calculated IRR for this project is approximately 7.45%.
The IRR represents the rate of return at which the project breaks even, meaning the NPV is zero. Since the calculated IRR of 7.45% is higher than the required rate of return of 10%, the project is not considered attractive based on the IRR criterion.
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Choose any Hotel near you
List the amenities they have along wioth the types of rooms they
provide .
A general list of common amenities found in hotels and some common types of rooms that hotels typically offer.
Common amenities in hotels can include Wi-Fi or internet access, Complimentary breakfast, Swimming pool, Fitness center, On-site restaurant or room service, Business center, Parking facilities, Spa or wellness facilities, 24-hour front desk, Laundry services. Standard or Deluxe Room, Suite, Executive Room, Family Room, Connecting Rooms, Accessible or ADA-compliant Room, Penthouse or Presidential Suite, Studio Room, Junior Suite, Extended Stay Room or Apartment. When searching for a hotel near your location, I recommend using online hotel booking platforms or search engines where you can specify your desired amenities and room types to find hotels that meet your preferences.
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Jones is seriously ill and has $6 million of property that he wants to leave to his four children. He is considering making a current gift of the property (rather than leaving the property to pass through his will). Assume all of his exemption equivalent was used and any taxable transfers will be subject to the highest transfer tax rate.
Required:
a. Determine how much gift tax Jones will owe if he makes the transfers now.
b. If he makes a current gift, how much estate tax will Jones save if he dies after three years, during which time the property appreciates to $6.8 million?
To determine the gift tax and estate tax implications in the given scenario, we need to consider the relevant tax rates and exemptions.
a. Gift Tax Calculation:
Gift tax is imposed on the transfer of property during one's lifetime. In this case, Jones wants to make a current gift of $6 million to his four children.
As per the information provided, Jones has already used his entire exemption equivalent amount. Assuming the highest transfer tax rate applies, we'll consider a tax rate of 40%. Therefore, Jones will owe $2,400,000 in gift tax if he makes the transfers now.
b. Estate Tax Calculation:
Estate tax is imposed on the transfer of property upon death. If Jones decides to keep the property and passes away after three years when it appreciates to $6.8 million, we can calculate the potential estate tax savings compared to the current gift scenario. Assuming the same tax rate of 40%, the estate tax can be calculated as follows:
Potential Estate Tax Savings = Gift Tax - Estate Tax
Potential Estate Tax Savings = $2,400,000 - $2,720,000
Potential Estate Tax Savings = -$320,000 (negative value indicates no savings)
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__________ are subtle forms of promotion that encourage shopping in retailers' stores.
In-store promotions are subtle forms of promotion that encourage shopping in retailers' stores.
In-store promotions include sales promotions, store coupons, and loyalty reward programs. These promotions are an effective method of marketing to customers and increasing sales for businesses.
In-store promotions typically offer discounts, gifts, or other incentives to customers who purchase products in-store. This type of promotion can be tailored to meet the specific needs of customers and can be used to target specific demographics or consumer groups. In-store promotions can also be used to reward loyal customers and encourage repeat business.
Through targeted promotions and incentives, retailers can attract new customers and encourage repeat business from existing customers. In-store promotions also help retailers to stand out in a crowded marketplace and differentiate themselves from competitors.
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The larger the sunk costs of entering a market, the lower the entry barrier. A. False B. True
True. The statement is true. Sunk costs refer to costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. In the context of entering a market, sunk costs typically include expenses related to infrastructure, equipment, research and development, and other investments specific to the industry.
Larger sunk costs act as a deterrent for potential entrants because they face a significant financial burden in recouping their initial investments. This creates a disadvantage for new entrants and makes it more difficult for them to compete with established players in the market. Therefore, the presence of larger sunk costs effectively raises the entry barrier by making it costlier and riskier for new firms to enter.
On the other hand, lower sunk costs make it relatively easier for new entrants to overcome the financial hurdle and enter the market. With lower sunk costs, potential competitors are more willing to take the risk of entering the market and can allocate their resources more flexibly. This results in a lower entry barrier, as the costs and risks associated with entering the market are reduced.
In conclusion, the larger the sunk costs of entering a market, the lower the entry barrier. Higher sunk costs act as a deterrent and make it more difficult for new firms to enter and compete, while lower sunk costs facilitate easier market entry and reduce the entry barrier.
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The wages of workers displaced by international trade will fall less when O a. unemployment benefits are made less generous. b. workers are close substitutes with foreign workers. c. the scale effect is larger. d. the substitution effect is larger.
International trade has increasingly become a significant factor in the global economic system. The creation of trade barriers has been a popular topic among policymakers.
However, some downsides are associated with international trade such as the displacement of workers. Workers displaced by international trade will experience a decrease in their wages.
The magnitude of the decrease is subject to several factors including the generosity of unemployment benefits, the substitution and scale effects, as well as the skill level of the displaced workers. The most significant factor in this situation is the substitution effect.
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On the other hand, ß is planning to produced it own lawn mower under his company name in 2023. Assume that the result in Q2) is also the forecasted quarterly demand for p in 2023. Assume also that ß is expecting a constant annual demand from the customers. ß predicted that, its annual production quantity would be 1.5 times the annual demand in 2023. The cost of one lawn mower is RM470. The holding cost is based on an 18% of the unit cost, and production setup costs are RM250 per setup. ß has 250 working days per year, and the lead time for a production run is 3 days. Based on the result from Q2) identify the following aspects of the inventory policy for the lawn mowers: a) Minimum cost production lot size b) Number of production run per year c) Cycle time d) Length of a production run e) Maximum inventory f) Reorder point g) Total annual inventory cost
The minimum cost production lot size for the lawnmowers is X units.
What is the optimal production quantity to minimize costs for lawnmowers?The minimum cost production lot size for the lawnmowers can be determined by considering various cost factors. In this case, ß plans to produce 1.5 times the annual demand in 2023. Given the cost of one lawn mower at RM470, the holding cost based on 18% of the unit cost, and the production setup costs of RM250 per setup, we can calculate the optimal production quantity.
By dividing the annual demand by the number of working days, we get the daily demand. Multiplying this by the lead time of 3 days gives us the production run quantity. The cycle time can be calculated by dividing the number of working days by the number of production runs per year. The maximum inventory is the product of the cycle time and the production run quantity. The reorder point can be determined as the daily demand multiplied by the lead time.
Finally, the total annual inventory cost can be calculated by considering the holding costs and production setup costs.
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Problem 6-17 Calculating Future Values [LO1] Spartan Credit Bank is offering 7.1 percent compounded daily on Its savings accounts. You deposit $5,500 today. a. How much will you have in the account in 6 years? (Use 365 days a year. Do not round Intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. How much will you have in the account in 11 years? (Use 365 days a year. Do not round Intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) c. How much will you have in the account in 18 years? (Use 365 days a year. Do not round Intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Spartan Credit Bank offers a daily compounded interest rate of 7.1% on its savings account. The following details have been provided: You have deposited $5,500 today;
(Round intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places). (Round intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places). (Round intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places).
The Future value formula can be used to determine how much an investment will be worth at a future date if it earns a certain interest rate. To calculate the future value of an investment using the formula, the following details are required:
Interest Rate (r),Number of years invested (t),Compounding frequency (n),Total number of compounding periods (n*t).Given details,Principal Amount = $5,500Annual Interest Rate = 7.1%Compounding frequency = Daily (365 times a year)Durationa. Time period, t = 6 years,
Therefore, you will have $34,817.23 in your account after 18 years.
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Technical training has become increasingly important because of changes in organizational design.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The statement "Technical training has become increasingly important because of changes in organizational design" is true.
The reason for the statement being true is that technological advancements are introducing constant changes in organizational designs. As a result, new and innovative technology requires skilled employees who are trained to work with the new technology. Technical training is also important in helping employees adapt to changing technologies and increase their productivity. Technical training is necessary for employees to learn how to work with new software and hardware, troubleshoot problems that arise, and optimize the use of technology to increase productivity and efficiency.
Therefore, the increasing importance of technical training is in line with the need for the development of skilled employees who can keep up with the rapidly changing technological landscape. It is important to note that providing technical training to employees can not only increase their job satisfaction but also helps organizations improve their competitive edge.
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Which of the following statements is characteristic of utilitarian thought? O "An action is morally correct or right when, among the people it affects, it produces the greatest good for the greatest number." O "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction O "Life in a state of nature is nasty, brutish, and short." O "The pursuit by individuals of their self-interest will result in a corresponding increase in social welfare."
The statement that is characteristic of utilitarian thought is, "An action is morally correct or right when, among the people it affects, it produces the greatest good for the greatest number."
Utilitarian thought is a moral and ethical theory that focuses on the consequences of actions. According to utilitarianism, an action is considered morally correct or right when it generates the greatest amount of overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people affected by the action. This principle is often summarized as "the greatest good for the greatest number."
Utilitarianism places importance on the collective well-being rather than individual interests. It suggests that the morality of an action should be evaluated based on its consequences in terms of overall happiness or well-being. The underlying assumption is that maximizing overall happiness leads to a more desirable and morally superior outcome.
By prioritizing the greatest good for the greatest number, utilitarian thought promotes a consequentialist approach to ethics. It encourages individuals to consider the potential outcomes and impacts of their actions on a broader scale, beyond immediate personal interests. This perspective allows for a more objective assessment of moral choices, as the focus is shifted towards the overall welfare of society.
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Vincenzo, an Italian designer, is making robots to service expresso coffee on College Street in Toronto. The robots will roll to your table and also drop off the biscotti. Below is the expected (budgeted) data for the start of next year: January February March April Sales in units. 50 60 70 85 Sales price per unit $60.00 $65.00 $55.00 $50.00 The desired ending inventory for finished goods (production) is 20% of next month's sales. The desired ending inventory for raw materials is 10% of the next month's raw material requirements. Raw material required for each unit of the product is 5 units. The cost of each unit of raw material is $10 per unit. Time required to assemble one (1) robot is 90 minutes. Assembly line workers are paid $15 per direct labour hour. Using the above information answer the following questions. Using the sales budget, calculate the budgeted sales for February. HINT: remember the entry rules! A/ Complete the production budget. How many units will have to be produced in February to meet the requirements? HINT: What are the "Units to be produced" on the production budget for February? A/ Prepare the Direct Materials Purchases Budget. What will be the cost of February's production? HINT: On the Direct Materials Purchases Budget, what will be the "Total direct materials cost"? A/ Prepare the Direct Labour Budget. What will be the total direct labour cost (rounded to the nearest dollar) for February?
1. Budgeted sales for February: 60 units. 2. Production budget for February: 64 units. 3. Direct Materials Purchases Budget: Total cost of materials for February's production: $3,200. 4. Direct Labour Budget: Total labour cost for February: $1,440.
1. The budgeted sales for February are directly given as 60 units in the sales budget.
2. To determine the number of units to be produced in February, we consider the budgeted sales, desired ending inventory, and beginning inventory. The desired ending inventory is calculated as 20% of next month's sales (70 units * 20% = 14 units), and the beginning inventory is 20% of the current month's sales (50 units * 20% = 10 units). By adding these values, we get the units to be produced as 64 units.
3. The Direct Materials Purchases Budget calculates the total direct materials cost for February's production. We multiply the units to be produced (64 units) by the raw materials required per unit (5 units) and the cost per unit ($10) to get a total of $3,200.
4. The Direct Labour Budget determines the total direct labour cost for February. We multiply the units to be produced (64 units) by the time required to assemble one unit (90 minutes) and the direct labour rate per hour ($15) to get a total of $1,440.
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