Answer: Socialist transformation
Explanation: Following the Chinese Civil War and victory of Mao Zedong's Communist forces over the Kuomintang forces of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, who fled to Taiwan, Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on 1 October 1949.please give brainliest if it is right
Statistics on which of the following could best be used to support the argument made in the excerpt? (Booker T Washington, 1895)
The proportion of African Americans offered the ability to vote in southern states
The gap between the rich and the poor
The social and economic conditions in segregated areas of the South
The number of children involved in industrial labor
The statistics on C) "the social and economic conditions in segregated areas of the South" could best be used to support the argument made in the excerpt.
What does the excerpt say?The excerpt in the question is from a speech given by Booker T. Washington in 1895. He argued that instead of pushing for social equality, African Americans should focus on economic self-reliance and education. He further stated that once they were economically and educationally self-sufficient, social equality would follow.
Now, let's look at the answer options:
Option A: The proportion of African Americans offered the ability to vote in southern states:
This option is not relevant to the argument made in the excerpt.
Therefore, it is incorrect.
Option B: The gap between the rich and the poor: This option is also not relevant to the argument made in the excerpt. Therefore, it is incorrect.
Option C: The social and economic conditions in segregated areas of the South: This option is directly related to the argument made in the excerpt. The author is arguing that African Americans should focus on economic self-reliance to overcome the social and economic conditions of segregated areas. Therefore, this option is correct.
Option D: The number of children involved in industrial labor: This option is also not relevant to the argument made in the excerpt. Therefore, it is incorrect.
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if professor columbo is interested in the general trend of research findings regarding infant visual attention and childhood intelligence, what technique would be most amenable to his inquiry?
If Professor Columbo is interested in the general trend of research findings regarding infant visual attention and childhood intelligence, a meta-analysis would be the most amenable technique to his inquiry.
A meta-analysis is a statistical technique used to combine the results of multiple studies on a particular research question, with the aim of identifying the overall effect size and patterns across studies. By pooling data from multiple studies, a meta-analysis can provide a more precise and reliable estimate of the relationship between infant visual attention and childhood intelligence than any single study could achieve.
Meta-analyses can also identify sources of variability and potential biases across studies, such as differences in sample size, study design, or measurement methods. This can help researchers to better understand the strengths and limitations of the existing evidence and to identify areas for future research. Therefore, a meta-analysis is a powerful tool for synthesizing and interpreting research findings in a particular area.
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Being alone is a process by which we do all of the following except: (pg. 142) a. Learn to tolerate feelings of isolation
b. Develop strength and self-reliance
c. Develop a deep understanding of ourselves
d. Reject the social overtures of others
Being alone is a process by which we do all of the following except reject the social advances of others. The correct option is d.
Being alone oneself teaches us to cope with loneliness, strengthens our independence, and helps us gain a profound awareness of who we are. The social advances of others need not necessarily be rejected, though. While spending time alone can be a sign of being alone, it is not always necessary to fully reject social contacts or turn off new connections when they present themselves.
Thus, the ideal selection is option d.
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what is convergent wind
You are aware that convergence is the process of a strong wind merging with a weak breeze. A divergence of air happens as height contours separate, second. Stronger winds converge into lesser winds, replenishing the mass lost due to the divergence in the turbulent flow.
As in the case of the plum and apricot genes in the plucot, convergence is when two or more things combine to produce a new whole. Convergence is derived from the word con-, which indicates jointly, and the verb verge, which means to turn in that direction.
Convergence can refer to something that is coming together, like the gradual convergence of your opinions with those of your mother, or it can refer to something that has already come together, like the intersection of two roads, or it can refer to something that already exists where two things overlap, like the convergence of your aunt's eccentric wardrobe with avant-garde fashion.
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the later lmx studies shifted focus from describing in- and out-groups to group of answer choices how lmx relates to organizational effectiveness how lmx assesses leader behaviors how lmx and servant leadership are similar how lmx relates to follower skill development
Answer:
In recent years, the LMX theory has evolved, and later LMX studies have shifted their focus from describing In-group and Out-group dynamics to examining how LMX relates to organizational effectiveness.
Explanation:
In recent years, the LMX theory has evolved, and later LMX studies have shifted their focus from describing In-group and Out-group dynamics to examining how LMX relates to organizational effectiveness. These studies have tried to investigate how LMX quality affects employee motivation, job satisfaction, performance, and turnover, as well as how it relates to other organizational factors like culture, structure, and strategy.
The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory
The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory is a management and leadership theory that studies the dynamic relationship between leaders and followers. The theory argues that leaders don't treat every follower equally; they establish distinct relationships with each member, characterized by different degrees of trust, support, and loyalty. These relationships can be categorized into two types: In-group and Out-group.
In-group members have a close relationship with the leader, characterized by mutual trust, respect, and communication.
Out-group members have a formal, less personal relationship with the leader, and have limited access to resources, rewards, and support
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How has the flow of FDI compared to the growth in world trade since 1990?
a. The flow of FDI has been slower than the growth in world trade.
b. The flow of FDI has accelerated faster than the growth in world trade.
c. The flow of FDI and the growth in world trade have been equal.
Option B is correct. The progression of FDI has sped up quicker than the development in world exchange starting around 1990.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an ownership stake in a new association or undertaking made by a monetary sponsor, association, or government from another country.
For the most part, the term is utilized to portray a business choice to procure a significant stake in an unfamiliar business or to get it out and out to extend tasks to another locale. The term is generally not used to portray corporate security in an unfamiliar organization alone. FDI is a critical component in worldwide monetary coordination since it makes steady and dependable connections between economies.
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What is the significance of the song “over there” ? How does this song portray the war ?
The song "Over There" is about the "Yanks" (the Americans) going "over there" (across the Atlantic) to help fight the "Huns" (what the Americans called the Germans at the time) during World War I.
Answer:
“Over There” is a song written by George M. Cohan in 1917. Nora Bayes, Enrico Caruso, Billy Murray, Arthur Fields, and Charles King were among many who recorded the song. It was written as a propaganda piece encouraging young American men to join the army to fight in World War I. The song was incredibly popular, selling over two million copies of sheet music and one million copies of recordings by the end of the war. Cohan, the writer, was eventually even awarded a Congressional Medal of Honor for his work on this song.
Explanation:
Explains that george m. cohan's "over there" was written as a propaganda piece encouraging young american men to join the army to fight in world war i.
Fabio and Priscilla go on a scary roller-coaster ride together. If misattribution of arousal occurs, which of the following will happen?a. They will be more likely to find one another attractive.b. They will attribute their physical arousal to their emotions.c. They will experience increased heart rate and sweaty palms due to the ride.
Fabio and Priscilla go on a scary roller-coaster ride together. If misattribution of ar.ousal occurs, they will be more likely to find one another attractive (option A).
Misattribution of ar.ousal is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when an individual makes incorrect inferences about what is creating them to feel ar.oused. When a person experiences arousal from one source, such as a scary roller coaster ride, and then attributes their arousal to another source, such as the presence of another individual, misattribution of ar.ousal occurs.
Misattribution of ar.ousal can influence people's behavior, perceptions, and attitudes. It can alter the way individuals interact with one another and change their opinions of people they are not acquainted with. When individuals have incorrect thoughts about why they feel ar.oused, their decisions and actions are frequently affected. Misattribution of arousal has the power to influence romantic attraction as well.
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what are the three levels of moral thinking according to kohlberg?
Answer:
He organized his six stages into three general levels of moral development.
Level 1: Preconventional level. At the preconventional level, morality is externally controlled.Level 2: Conventional level.Level 3: Postconventional or principled level.The three levels of moral thinking according to kohlberg are preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
Kohlberg's idea was founded on a series of moral quandaries provided to his research subjects. Participants were also interviewed to find out why they made the decisions they did in each scenario. According to Kohlberg, there are three degrees of moral thinking: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
Preconventional morality is the most primitive stage of moral formation. It lasts till the age of nine. Conventional: The acceptance of social conventions governing what is good and moral marks the next stage of moral development. Postconventional Morality: At this stage of moral growth, humans get an awareness of abstract moral ideas.
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kingsley davis and wilbert e. moore provided a functionalist explanation of stratification, arguing that it has beneficial consequences for society. true or false
Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore provided a functionalist explanation of stratification, arguing that it has beneficial consequences for society. The statement is true.
What is the functionalist explanation of stratification?The functionalist explanation of stratification, as argued by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore, suggests that it is beneficial to society as a whole. It argues that stratification benefits society as a whole by encouraging individuals to take on important roles and ensuring that those who are best suited to do so are rewarded for their efforts.
Stratification, according to the functionalist perspective, ensures that individuals are motivated to achieve their full potential, knowing that their success is directly linked to their effort. It ensures that society is efficient, with individuals working in roles that are best suited to their abilities, rather than simply working at jobs because of financial necessity.
This results in a more productive, innovative, and successful society overall.Therefore, it can be concluded that Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore provided a functionalist explanation of stratification, arguing that it has beneficial consequences for society. The statement is true.
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What are RCRA containers?
RCRA containers are designed to store and transport hazardous wastes. These containers are used to store, transport and dispose of hazardous waste in a safe and environmentally sound manner.
RCRA is the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This act, enacted in 1976 by the US Congress, provides a framework for managing hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes. It set the criteria for the management of hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes. The act's primary aim was to reduce the amount of waste generated and to ensure that waste is disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.
RCRA containers are designed to meet specific requirements for hazardous waste management. They are made of materials that can withstand the hazards of waste and the conditions of the storage site. RCRA containers come in a variety of shapes and sizes, from 55-gallon drums to large tanks. They are designed to be leak-proof, durable, and easy to handle. The containers are often color-coded to help identify the type of waste they contain. For example, blue containers are used for universal wastes like batteries, while red containers are used for flammable wastes.
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if you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. this best illustrates: responses weber's law weber's law parallel processing parallel processing accommodation accommodation sensory adaptation
The statement "if you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments" best illustrates sensory adaptation. Therefore, the correct answer is the last option.
Sensory adaptation is a phenomenon that occurs when the body's sensory receptors have been exposed to continuous, unchanging stimuli. Sensory adaptation is a process that enables the body to adapt to the current environment by decreasing the amount of neural activity devoted to processing a constant stimulus. This process makes it possible for us to stay alert to sudden changes in the environment while ignoring continuous, unchanging stimuli that do not necessitate a reaction.
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Which of these industries has the least elastic supply curve?
a. the toy industry
b. the nuclear industry
c. the entertainment industry
d. the automobile industry
The nuclear industry has the least elastic supply curve.
This is because the nuclear industry requires a significant amount of time and resources to build and maintain nuclear power plants, and there are strict regulations and safety standards that must be met. As a result, it is difficult for producers in the nuclear industry to quickly adjust their production levels in response to changes in demand or prices. In contrast, the toy industry and entertainment industry may have more elastic supply curves, as they can often quickly adjust their production levels in response to changes in demand. The automobile industry may have a moderately elastic supply curve, as it can take time to ramp up production, but not as much as the nuclear industry.
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one criterion that influences companies on location decisions is the fact that state governments are willing to forgo some tax revenue in exchange for job growth. true or false?
True. State governments frequently reward businesses for investing and creating jobs in their state by providing tax breaks and other financial advantages.
The term "economic development incentives" or "business incentives" is used to describe this. With the help of these incentives, state governments hope to keep existing companies, draw in new ones, and produce jobs for their citizens. Tax relief in the shape of credits, exemptions, abatements, or other forms of tax relief are examples of possible tax incentives.Because they need to be close to their labor source, fast food chains tend to cluster together.Regional considerations, community concerns, and site-specific considerations are the primary variables influencing location decisions. Life quality, services, attitudes, taxes, environmental laws, utilities, and development assistance are all considered to be community elements.
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Is there a connection to the plight of the Amazigh to gain linguistic recognition in the Maghreb and French Imperialism?
Answer: Though Tamazight was only recognized as an official language in the Algerian constitution in 2016, activists consider this period critical.
Explanation:
while grocery shopping, you run into your sociology professor. this creates an awkward interaction because you are not used to seeing her outside of class and you are not sure how to behave. the interaction is awkward because it violated your group of answer choices audience segregation. status. sense of agency. social position.
Because you're not used to seeing her outside of class and are unsure of how to act, this makes for an awkward interaction. Due of audience segmentation, the interaction is awkward.
What is an instance of online interactional vandalism?vandalism in which people interact. -Users who rely on swearing to convey their ideas. -Users who purposefully publish offensive comments to elicit an emotional response.
These are coercion, conflict, cooperation, exchange, and rivalry. Let's take a closer look at these five sorts.
Which four types of interaction are there?Every person has a unique communication style, which determines how they interact and impart information to others. The four basic communication tenors are passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive, and forceful. Understanding each communication technique and the justifications for its use is crucial.
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which of the following is not true regarding contratistas? group of answer choices they were mexican or mexican american labor contractors who served as intermediaries between mexican laborers and their employers (who were typically anglo american) some contratistas felt genuine concern for immigrants some contratistas exploited immigrants they were always born in the u.s.
Among the given statements, the statement that is not true regarding contratistas is: they were always born in the U.S.
The following is the explanation:Contractors or contratistas were Mexican or Mexican American labor contractors who served as intermediaries between Mexican laborers and their employers, who were generally Anglo Americans. In some situations, some contractors felt genuine concern for immigrants, whereas in others, some contractors exploited immigrants.
These contractors have various activities in providing workers with jobs and negotiating with employers, but it is not valid that they were always born in the U.S. In fact, some of them were born in Mexico, but they lived in the U.S., where they operated their business with Mexican and other Latin American workers.
The correct option is they were always born in the U.S.
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6. Write a short essay that responds to the following prompts about the costs and
benefits of insurance.
a. How do people decide what kind of insurance they need?
b. Choose a critical or required form of insurance - such às health or auto -
and explain some costs and benefits for owning this type of insurance
c. Other types of insurance cover more specific expenses and may not always
be necessary. Describe some of the costs and benefits for owning special
types of property insurance
d. Finally, think of the most valuable item that you or someone in your family
possesses. It might be an autograph, laptop, necklace, baseball card, bicycle,
or anything else with actual monetary value. Explain the thought process you
would go through in order to figure out whether this item is worth insuring
with property insurance. Ultimately, is it worth insuring? Why or why not?
(20 points)
a. Based on a number of variables, including their financial situation, lifestyle, and potential dangers, people choose the type of insurance they require. To protect their finances in the event of an accident, someone who owns a car, for instance.
Choose a necessary or mandated type of insurance, such as health or car, and describe some costs and advantages of having this kind of coverage.b. Health insurance is an essential type of insurance that offers a number of advantages. Healthcare expenses can be high, and without insurance, some people would not be able to pay for required medical care. Prescription medicines, hospital stays, and other medical costs may be covered by health insurance. Additionally, certain health insurance plans could provide preventative healthcare services like vaccinations and wellness checks, which can promote wellbeing and identify health risks early.
c. Property insurance with specialized coverage for particular costs may not always be required. For instance, having flood insurance is often only necessary for those who reside in flood-prone areas. Depending on the precise coverage required, the price for specialized types of property insurance might vary greatly. Protection against losses that might not be covered by regular insurance policies is one of the benefits of having specific types of property insurance.
d. The decision to insure a particular object with property insurance will be based on a variety of considerations, including the item's monetary value, sentimental value, and the dangers involved in having it. It might be worthwhile to insure the item if it is precious and difficult to replace. In contrast, it might not be essential to insure a replacement or insignificantly valuable item.
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A testcross is a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual
A) homozygous recessive for the trait of interest.
B) heterozygous for the trait of interest.
C) homozygous dominant for the trait of interest.
D) codominant for the trait of interest.
E) of an unknown genotype.
A testcross is a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait of interest.
In the genetic test cross, an organism that is homozygous recessive for a trait is crossed with an organism that has a dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype. This approach will identify if the dominant organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the trait. The offspring's phenotype of the test cross offspring, along with their parent's phenotype, will show the genotype of the dominant parent. The key aspect of a test cross is that the offspring's phenotype may be utilized to decide the genotype of the parent being evaluated. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
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during a research study, melinda is asked to circle one of seven venn diagrams to describe her relationship with her spouse. which of the following is melinda using?
During a research study, Melinda is asked to circle one of seven Venn diagrams to describe her relationship with her spouse. She is using the Venn diagram to describe the relationship with her spouse.
What is a Venn diagram?
A Venn diagram is a diagram made up of intersecting circles that is utilized to represent sets of items that are compared and contrasted. Each circle represents a collection, with the items in the collection indicated by its border, and the collection's name written in the middle. The overlapping portion of the circles represents items that are present in both sets.The diagram's size and shape, as well as the labels used, are determined by the problem being addressed. Melinda was given seven Venn diagrams to choose from. To describe her relationship with her spouse, she must have chosen the one that best represents the characteristics of her relationship.
As a result, it's safe to say that Melinda is using a Venn diagram to describe the relationship with her spouse. In summary, Melinda is utilizing a Venn diagram to describe her relationship with her spouse, which is a diagram made up of intersecting circles that is utilized to represent sets of items that are compared and contrasted.
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(T/F) from an antiterrorism perspective espionage and security negligence are considered Insider Threats?
Answer:
Insider threats manifest in various ways: violence, espionage, sabotage, theft, and cyber acts. Expressions of insider threat are defined in detail below. Violence – This action includes the threat of violence, as well as other threatening behaviors that create an intimidating, hostile, or abusive environment.
Explanation:
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From an antiterrorism perspective espionage and security negligence are considered Insider Threats is a true statement.
Insider threats can take many different forms, including physical harm, spying, terrorism, theft, and cybercrime. Below, specific definitions of insider threat expressions are provided. Violence - This action involves the potential use of violence as well as other dangerous acts that produce a fearful, angry, or unpleasant atmosphere.
Compared to the area past the security checkpoint, the ticketing area is safer. Maintaining a well-maintained car is regarded as a "best practice" in terms of security and tranquility.
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create a query that shows the employee id, last name, state, and date hired for employees who live in delaware and were hired after 12/31/99. perform an ascending sort by employee id.
The following SQL query can be used for employee ID: SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, State, DateHiredFROM EmployeesWHERE State='Delaware' AND DateHired > '1999-12-31'ORDER BY EmployeeID ASC
To show employee ID, last name, state, and date hired for employees who live in Delaware and were hired after 12/31/99 in ascending order of employee ID. Here, the SELECT statement is used to choose the required columns, i.e., EmployeeID, LastName, State, and DateHired. The FROM statement is used to specify the table, which is 'Employees'.The WHERE statement filters the results to show only those employees who live in Delaware and were hired after 12/31/99.
The ORDER BY statement sorts the results in ascending order of employee ID.
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our results showed a bilingual advantage, because participants who ______, compared with those who ______, identified more correct words on an attention
Our findings indicated that bilingual individuals had an advantage over monolingual individuals because they correctly identified more words during an attention exercise.
Bilinguals with unimodal expertise controlling two languages in the same modality have an advantage when it comes to cognitive control. Bilinguals were faster on the attention network exam than the monolinguals; moreover, they were more efficient in alerting and executive control.As a result of the substantial group differences, Friesen et al. (2014) came to the conclusion that bilingualism enhances top-down selective attention in young adults.In the part of the brain connected to cognitive abilities like inhibition and focus, bilingual individuals exhibit increased activation. When encoding the basic frequency of sounds in the presence of background noise, for instance, bilinguals have been shown to perform better than monolinguals.
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how might behaviors that you practice as a teen affect your skeletal system later in life?
People can support strong bone health and lower their chance of developing bone-related disorders later in life by adopting healthy behaviors such as eating a balanced diet, exercising frequently, and abstaining from dangerous habits like smoking and binge drinking.
Teenage behaviors can have a big impact on how the skeletal system functions later in life. Many instances include:
Bad diet: A poor diet throughout adolescence might result in weakening bones later in life. The growth and development of bones throughout the crucial adolescent years can be hampered by a diet low in calcium, vitamin D, and other minerals essential for bone health.Lack of physical activity: Bone strength is built during the teen years through regular physical activity. Physically inactive teens may develop weaker bones as they age.Smoking: Smoking during the teen years might harm the health of your bones. The body's capacity to absorb calcium, which is necessary to develop strong bones, can be hampered by nicotine and other compounds in tobacco smoke.Abuse of alcohol: Abuse of alcohol throughout the teen years might prevent the body from absorbing calcium, which can result in damaged bones later in life.Eating disorders: Eating disorders like bulimia and anorexia can result in malnutrition, which can have a detrimental effect on bone health.To know more about anorexia
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according to cross-cultural research, women are generally perceived as having higher levels of emotionality. some researchers suggest that this perception is caused by:
We can see according to cross-cultural research, women are generally perceived as having higher levels of emotionality, and some researchers suggest that this perception is caused by biological and cultural factors.
What is cross-cultural research?Cross-cultural research is a type of scientific investigation that compares and contrasts cultures or societies to identify similarities and differences in their beliefs, values, behaviors, and practices. This type of research seeks to understand how cultural differences affect human behavior and to identify cultural universals, which are features that are common to all cultures.
Biological factors refer to the differences in hormonal and neurological processes that may cause men and women to experience and express emotions differently.
Cultural factors refer to the social and environmental influences that shape our beliefs and behaviors.
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according to vygotsky, a child's first guided participation is provided by a mentor who is most likely a:
According to Vygotsky, a child's first guided participation is provided by a mentor who is most likely an adult, typically someone close to the child, such as a parent, teacher, or older sibling.
According to Vygotsky, a child's first guided participation is provided by a mentor who is most likely a parent or primary caregiver.
The mentor helps the child to learn new skills and acquire knowledge through their interactions and support.
This mentor is responsible for providing guidance and support as the child engages in activities, helping them to reach their full potential.
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How are the people contributing to the economy of the country?
Answer:
How can people contribute to the economy?
6 Simple Ways to Support Your Local Economy
Join a Giving Circle.
Shop Local Grocers.
Shop Small Businesses.
Pledge to Local Funding Initiatives.
Attend Concerts of Local Artists.
Support Community Events.
Make an Impact in Your Local Economy Now.
Which one of the following symbols and is representation, used in human pedigree analysis is correct? a. unaffaected male b. unaffaected female c. male affected d. mating between relatives
The symbol and representation, used in the human pedigree analysis are male-affected.
A family tree diagram with standardized symbols. A pedigree reveals the connections between family members and identifies the members of a family who have particular genetic pathogenic variations, features, and diseases as well as their current health.
A pedigree chart, which is most frequently used to represent people, show dogs, and race horses, depicts the incidence and manifestation of phenotypes of a particular gene or species and its descendants from one generation to the next.
As males have only one X chromosome, the trait must be X-linked for a pedigree chart to indicate only men affected in all generations. The characteristic has to be recessive to make sure that all men are impacted. Males only need one recessive allele, whereas females need two to display this characteristic.
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people who score high on ________are most likely to dislike immigrants who maintain their own culture and do not conform to the values of the dominant culture.
People who score high on authoritarianism are most likely to dislike immigrants who maintain their own culture and do not conform to the values of the dominant culture.
Authoritarianism is a kind of political system in which the government has complete control over everything. The people do not have any say in how they are ruled, and the government frequently uses force to ensure that everyone adheres to the rules. A dominant culture is a culture that is more powerful than other cultures in a society or region. The most prevalent culture is frequently that of the majority ethnic or racial group. Immigrants often struggle to integrate into the dominant culture since they frequently face obstacles such as discrimination, bigotry, and linguistic barriers. People who score high on authoritarianism are most likely to dislike immigrants who maintain their own culture and do not conform to the values of the dominant culture.
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Discuss how far sociologists agreee that nucleur families benefit frim members of the family and society
Answer:
George Murdock (1949) argued that that the nuclear family performs four essential functions to meet the needs of society and its members: The stable satisfaction of the sex drive – which prevents the social disruption cased by a ‘sexual free for all’; the reproduction of the next generation and thus the continuation of society over time; thirdly, the socialisation of the young into society’s shared norms and values and finally he argued the family provides for society’s economic needs by providing food and shelter.
Murdock thus agrees with the two statements in the question and goes further, arguing that the nuclear family performs even more functions. Furthermore, he argued that the nuclear family was universal, following his study of over 250 different societies.
Some sociologists, however, criticise Murdock’s view as being too rose tinted – pointing out that conflict and disharmony can occur both within nuclear families and within societies where the nuclear family is dominant. A second criticism is that the nuclear family is not universal – Gough studied the Nayr of South India and found that women and men had several sexual partners, but this type of matrifocal family was functional for that society.
A second Functionalist, Talcott Parsons argued that the type of society affects the shape of the family – different societies require the family to perform different functions and so some types of family ‘fit in’ better with particular societies.
To illustrate this, Parsons argued that there were two basic types of society – modern industrial society and traditional pre-industrial society. He argued that the nuclear family fits the needs of industrial society and that the extended family fitted the needs of pre-industrial society. He argued that as society became industrialised, society had different needs, and that the nuclear family evolved to meet these needs. For example, one thing industrial society needed was a geographically mobile workforce – the nuclear family is appropriate here because it is more mobile than the extended family.
Parsons also argued that the family performs less functions with the move to industrialisation – as the health care and welfare functions come to be taken over by the state. However, the family becomes more specialised – and performs two ‘essential and irreducible functions’ – these are the two mentioned in the question – the primary socialisation of children is where we are first taught societies norms and values and learn to integrate with wider society and the stabilisation of adult personalities is where the family is the place of relaxation – the place to which one returns after a hard day of working to de – stress.
Parsons has, however been criticised, as with Murdock, for having a ‘rose tinted view’ – Feminists argue that women get an unfair deal in the traditional nuclear family, for example. A second criticism is that while he may have been right about the 1950s, when he was writing, the nuclear family seams less relevant in our post-modern age when many couples need dual incomes – meaning the nuclear family may be too small to effectively perform the two functions mentioned in the question.
Explanation:
CORREECT ME IF I AM WRONG!!