Because ddNTPs are only intended to be added occasionally to ensure that strands of all lengths are produced, dNTPs are used at the highest concentrations in sequencing reactions.
The DNA sequencing response consists of four major ingredients: "Template" Genetic material copied by E. coli; free bases, this same four types of DNA building blocks; short dna called "primers"; and Enzyme dna, the enzyme which copies DNA. The reaction is began by heating the two dna strands till the they separate. The template then anneals/binds towards its intended location, and DNA polymerase begins elongating it. If expected to complete, a fresh dna strand would be formed. A nucleoside triphosphate contains a trna molecule bound to a 5-carbon sugar with phosphate groups bound to the sugar. They are the single - molecule forerunner of both DNA and RNA, that are chains of nucleotides formed during the DNA replication process.
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what mass of sodium phosphate would have to be added to 2.0 l of this solution to completely eliminate the hard water ions? assume complete reaction.
14.2g mass of sodium phosphate would have to be added to 2.0l of this solution to completely eliminate the hard water ions.
To solve this question we need to find the moles of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. And based on the reactions: 3Ca2+ + 2PO4 Ca(PO4)2 (S)
3Mg2+ + 2PO42 → Mg3(PO4)2 (S)
we can find the moles of phosphate required to precipitate all these ions and its mass: Moles Ca2+1.OL* (0.055mol/L) = 0.055mol ,Moles Mg2+: 1.OL * (0.075mol/L) = 0.075mol
Total moles = 0.13 moles of ions, Moles of phosphate ion required: 0.13 moles (2 moles PO,3 moles ions) = 0.0867 moles PO43-
The moles of sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) are =
0.0867 moles. The mass is -Molar mass Na3PO4: 164g/mol-:0.0867 moles Na3PO4* (164g/mol) =
14.2g of sodium phosphate are required
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Ren runs a hamburger stand and needs to clean up a season’s worth of grease buildup on the range hood over his griddle. Explain what he should look for in a cleaning product that can handle a layer of grease. what is this
To clean away a season's worth of grease buildup, Ren, who owns a hamburger business, would need to use those caustic chemicals, which are the type of cleaning product to look for.
Explain use of caustic chemicals.
One of caustic chemicals' primary applications is cleaning drain pipes. It can also be used to create soap and detergents, unclog drains, and remove grease buildup from ovens. Given all of its functions, it is a useful item to have about the house. Chlorine bleach is made by mixing sodium hydroxide with chlorine in a manufacturing process.
To dissolve the grease, these caustic chemicals might be used. Hot water can be used to rinse the grease once it has been broken down. To soften the grease buildup, these chemicals should be given time to sit on the grease's surface.
Ren ought to make use of a base-containing cleaning solution. This is because lipids, the type of chemical that makes up grease, react well with bases. Using a base, the grease would be broken down to create soap, which would then
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a mixture of nabr and na2so4 contains 29.96 percent na by mass. calculate the percent by mass of each compound in the mixture
The percent by mass of each compound in the mixture is 24.04% NaBr and 75.96% Na₂SO₄.
Percentage by mass, mass %, is a measure of concentration that indicates the mass of solute per mass of solution. In other words, the mass percent of a component in the solution is defined as the ratio of the mass of the component to the mass of the solution, expressed as a percentage.
mass % = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100
In the case of a mixture of NaBr and Na₂SO₄ that contains 29.96% Na by mass, assume 100 g of the mixture.
Let x = mass of NaBr
100 - x = mass of Na₂SO₄
29.96 g = mass of Na in NaBr + mass of Na in Na₂SO₄
29.96 g = (mass of NaBr)(mass % Na in NaBr/100) + (mass of Na₂SO₄)(mass % Na in Na₂SO₄/100)
29.96 g = (x)(22.989769/102.893769) + (100 - x)(2 · 22.989769/142.040538)
29.96 g = 0.2234320817x + (100 - x)(0.3237071518)
29.96 g = 0.2234320817x + 32.37071518 - 0.3237071518x
0.3237071518x - 0.2234320817x = 32.37071518 - 29.96
x = 24.04102213
100 - x = 100 - 24.04102213 = 75.95897787
mass % NaBr = (mass of NaBr / mass of mixture) x 100
mass % NaBr = (24.04102213 / 100) x 100
mass % NaBr = 24.04102213
mass % Na₂SO₄ = (mass of Na₂SO₄ / mass of mixture) x 100
mass % Na₂SO₄ = (75.95897787 / 100) x 100
mass % Na₂SO₄ = 75.95897787
Hence, the mass % of each compound is 24.04% NaBr and 75.96% Na₂SO₄.
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Water is essential for life and is important for plant growth and function. which property of water is most responsible for its ability to move from the root of a plant to the stem?
This connection produces a characteristic of water molecules called cohesion, which is important. Plants can absorb water at their roots thanks to the cohesion of water molecules.
Cohesion refers to the attraction of water molecules to one another and to other materials, such as the walls of plant xylem. Because they are polar, water molecules behave in this manner. Water from the roots of plants is transferred to the leaves, stem, and other portions of the plant body through vascular tissue known as the xylem. The roots of plants absorb this type of moisture and water from the earth. It has a polar nature. It is a universal solvent. It has a high specific heat as well as a high vaporization temperature. It has properties of adhesion and cohesion. Its solid phase is thinner than its liquid phase.
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which set of elements is arranged in order of increasing electronegativity? which set of elements is arranged in order of increasing electronegativity? ga < ge < p < n p < n < ge < ga ge < n < ga < p n < p < ge < ga
The electronegativity is n < p < ge < ga.
What is electronegativity?Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons when it forms a chemical bond with another atom. It is based on the Pauling Scale, which assigns values to elements based on their tendency to attract electrons when they form bonds. Electronegativity increases from left to right across the periodic table, and increases from the bottom to the top of the periodic table.
The correct answer is n < p < ge < ga. This is because electronegativity increases as we move down a group in the periodic table and from left to right across a period.
Therefore, the element with the highest electronegativity is at the bottom right corner of the periodic table, which is gaseous, followed by Germanium, Phosphorus, and then Nitrogen.
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What is the correct coefficient of MgCl2
Answer: The answer is one
Explanation: There is a invisible 1 in front of the Mg.
va compound is found to be made of 82.659% carbon and 17.341% hydrogen. which choice is the empirical formula for this compound?
C) C2H5 , Butane is a hydrocarbon, or a substance made exclusively of hydrogen and carbon, that is used as LPG and lighter fluid. Its mass composition is 82.66% carbon and 17.34% hydrogen.
Utilized as LPG and lighter fluid, it has a bulk composition of 82.66% carbon and 17.34% hydrogen. Use the 100.0 g sample provided below to complete the exercise and get the empirical formula (a substance's empirical formula indicates the relative quantities of its carbon atoms). C2H5 is the empirical formula for the given values.
The complete question is:
A compound is found to be made of 82.659% carbon and 17.341% hydrogen. which choice is the empirical formula for this compound?
A) C4H10
B) CH
C) C2H5
D) CH2.50
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CAN ANYONE TELL THE ANSWER
When water falls from great heights, its potential energy transforms to kinetic energy and this energy is converted electrical energy by power generators which produce a heat energy also. Thus, option b is correct.
What is energy transformation?One form of energy can be transformed to the other form naturally or mechanically. When a body is at rest, it possess potential energy. When it starts to move potential energy convert to kinetic energy.
When water falls from great heights it acquires more kinetic energy and it can be converted to electrical energy using turbines where some energy is lost as heat energy.
Therefore, the heat energy produced by the mechanical work of the turbine make the water heated. Hence, option b is correct.
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before glass electrodes and ph meters became widely used, ph was often determined by measuring the concentration of the acid and base forms of the indicator colorimetrically. if bromothymol blue is introduced into a solution and the concentration ratio of acid to base form is found to be 1.36, what is the ph of the solution? ph
In this theory, acidity is defined by the concentration of hydrogen ions: the greater the concentration, the more acidic a solution. The measure used is the pH—potential of hydrogen—scale, developed in 1909. The pH scale has values ranging from 0 (extremely acidic) to 14 (extremely alkaline).
To trace the pH scale, a group of standard solutions whose pH has been established by international agreement can be employed. The potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode, such as the silver chloride electrode, is measured using a concentration cell with transference to obtain the primary pH standard values. The pH of aqueous solutions can be measured using a glass electrode, a pH metre, or a color-changing indicator. pH measurements are important in many fields, including chemistry, agronomy, medicine, water treatment, and many more.
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What makes a field forever unique?
From cotton fields to corn stalks, if this is what you mean, a forever field is unique in its own way by keeping all types of plants in the field. They are all different in how they grow and what they do.
how does an atom of nirogen become an ion
Answer: A nitrogen atom must gain three electrons to have the same number of electrons as an atom of the following noble gas, neon.
Explanation:
What is mechanical advantage? A. output work divided by input work. B. Input work divided by output work. C. Input force divided by output force. D. Output force divided by input force. please help!! If you answer correctly i'll give you 5 stars!!
Output force divided by input force is the mechanical advantage.
Why is it referred to as mechanical advantage?A tool, mechanical device, or machine system's ability to amplify force is known as its mechanical advantage. The system simply balances forces against movement in order to achieve the desired output force amplification while maintaining the input power. The law of the lever can be used as an example for this.
Levers and pulleys are examples of simple machines that use mechanical advantage, a measurement of the ratio of output force to input force in a system.
A calculation known as a mechanical advantage quantifies the amplified force that a mechanical system absorbs. It provides the ratio of force applied to the load to force required to overcome that force. Since the two ratio quantities are the force, the expression has no units.
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which scientist helped develop the current model of the atom which states that electrons are located in regions known as orbitals of electron clouds?
Neil Bohr is a scientist who worked on the present theory of the atom, which states that electrons are found in areas called orbitals of electron clouds.
According to Bohr electrons can be passed into various orbits, with the input of energy. When the energy is taken away, the electrons return to their ground state and release a photon, a unit of energy, with a proportional quantity of energy. This served as the foundation for the development of quantum theory. For Bohr's studies the emission spectra of hydrogen served as the main inspiration. The atomic planetary model is another name for this. It clarified how the hydrogen atom functions inside. The electrons in this atomic model, which was the first to apply quantum theory, were constrained to particular orbits around the nucleus. In order to explain the spectral lines of hydrogen, Bohr employed his model.
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7. during a recrystallization, the dissolved compound is sometimes treated with activated carbon, why?
during a recrystallization, the dissolved compound is sometimes treated with activated carbon because Activated charcoal is carbon treated with oxygen making it highly absorbent .
Activated carbon is carbon treated with oxygen and has excellent adsorption power. Crystallization helps remove impurities, but charcoal removes all impurities during the process, so the crystals that form are completely pure.
Recrystallization is a chemical refining technique. When a mixture of compound and impurity is dissolved in a suitable solvent, either the compound of interest or the impurity is removed from the solution while the other remains. It is named for the crystals that often form when compounds fail. Alternatively, recrystallization may refer to the spontaneous growth of larger ice crystals at the expense of smaller ice crystals.
Recrystallization is the process of purifying compounds. The most typical situation is when the desired "Compound A" is contaminated with a small amount of "Impurity B". There are several purification methods that can be tried (see Separation Methods), recrystallization being one of them.
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a compound is found to be 64.9% carbon, 13.5% hydrogen and 21.6% oxygen. if its molecular mass is 74 g/mol, the molecular formula is
The molecular formula is C32H80O8.
What is empirical formula?The empirical formula is the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of different elements in a compound. It is determined by experiment and is not necessarily the same as the molecular formula. The empirical formula does not provide information about the arrangement of atoms in the molecule or any information about the isomers of the molecule. The empirical formula of a compound is also referred to as its simplest formula or simplest ratio.
The molecular formula for this compound can be determined by first calculating the empirical formula.
The empirical formula can be determined by dividing the mass percentage of each element by its relative atomic mass.
Carbon: 64.9/12 = 5.41
Hydrogen: 13.5/1 = 13.5
Oxygen: 21.6/16 = 1.35
Now, to get the empirical formula, we divide each number by the smallest one (1.35):
Carbon: 5.41/1.35 = 4
Hydrogen: 13.5/1.35 = 10
Oxygen: 1.35/1.35 = 1
Therefore, the empirical formula is C4H10O.
The molecular formula is then determined by multiplying the subscripts of the empirical formula by the given molecular mass (74 g/mol). The molecular mass must be divisible by the empirical formula mass (which is 74 g/mol).
C4H10O * 8 = C32H80O8
The molecular formula is C32H80O8.
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which of the following scenarios could be considered evidence of a compound with a low activation energy
A high amount of naturally occurring NaCl is considered evidence of a compound with a low activation energy and is denoted as option A.
What is Activation energy?
This is referred to as the minimum amount of energy which is needed for a chemical reaction to occur and is dependent on various factors.
A compound which has a low activation energy will have a high yield sue to the ease in which the reactants are being converted into products. in this scenario, the high amount of naturally occurring NaCl signifies a low activation energy which is why option A was chosen as the correct choice.
Activation energy is the bare minimal amount of extra energy a reactive molecule requires to change into a product. The lowest energy needed to energise or activate molecules or atoms so that they may participate in a chemical process or transformation is another name for it.
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Complete Question:
Which of the following scenarios could be considered evidence of a compound with a low activation energy?
A. a high amount of naturally occurring NaCl
B. a low amount of spontaneous fuel combustion
C. a low amount of collisions between molecules
D. a high amount of heat required to form products
Consider the plots given below, for the type of reaction nA→B+C. These plots correspond to the reaction orders respectively:O 0,1,2O 1,2,0O 3,2,1O 1,0,2
A 75 mL sample of He gas is at 97°C and 0.975 atm. If the sample is cooled to 29°C and the pressure is increased to 1.25 atm, what will the new volume be?
2194.14is the new volume .These laws are described by equations that are variations on the ideal gas law, PV is nRT
How would you determine the volume, temperature, pressure, and amount of gas in a sample under the circumstances?These laws are described by equations that are variations on the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is the gas's pressure, V is its volume, n is the number of moles in the gas, T is its kelvin temperature, and R is the ideal (universal) gas constant.The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, should be reviewed first. P is the ideal gas constant, V the volume in liters, n the number of particles in moles, T the temperature in Kelvin, and n the number of atmospheres in this equation (0.0821 liter atmospheres per moles Kelvin).These laws are described by equations that are variations on the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is the gas's pressure, V is its volume, n is the number of moles in the gas, T is its kelvin temperature, and R is the ideal (universal) gas constant.Explanation:
The ideal gas law, PV = nRT,
97 * 0.975*29 = 2742.675/1.25 = 2194.14.
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For 55.0seconds, Trevor was hang gliding at a constant velocity. In that time, he moved 583meters to the southeast, and a flock of Canada geese flew past him at 17 meters per second. What was Trevor's velocity?
The velocity of the Trevor is equal to 10.6 m/s.
What is velocity?Velocity is a vector quantity and can be defined as the change in position of the object (∆x) divided by the time intervals (∆t) in which it takes place. The velocity can be positive or negative and the S.I. unit is m/s.
The velocity of the object = ∆x/∆t
Given, the distance covered by Trevor = 583 m
The time is taken by Trever to cover this distance, t = 55 s
The Trevor's velocity = 583/55 = 10.6 m/s
Therefore, the velocity of the Trevor is 10.6 m/s, and therefore the flock moves at 17 m/s past him.
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what is the solubility (in moles/liter) of pbcl2 in a solution that is 0.15 m solution in hcl? (ksp pbcl2
the solubility (in moles/liter) of pbcl2 in a solution that is 0.15 m solution in hcl? (ksp pbcl2
Solubility of PbCl2 = 7.11×10−4 mol⋅L−1
The maximum amount of a chemical that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature is referred to as its solubility. Varying compounds have very different solubilities, which is a characteristic of a particular solute-solvent pair.What is solubility, for instance?
A typical illustration of a solution is the addition of sugar cubes to a cup of tea or coffee. Solubility is a quality that aids in the dissolution of sugar molecules. Thus, the ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a specific solvent can be defined as solubility.
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If an atom, such as hydrogen, is able to form a covalent bond, describe what happens when the
electron shells of two atoms overlap?
The electrons in the shells would experience a decrease in energy.
What is the electron shell?We know that the electron shell in the outermost part of the atom is the shell that gets involved in the bonding of the atom. When the bonding takes place, there could be the sharing of electrons as in the covalent bond or the transfer of electrons as in the ionic bond.
In this case, we are dealing with the covalent bond hence there is the sharing of electrons and the shells that would be involved in this is the outermost shells.
By virtue of the sharing of the electrons and the combination of the shells, the energy of the outermost shell would become reduced as the electrons are now attracted to two nuclei rather than one of the hydrogen atoms in the compound.
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The chemical formula for barium oxide is BaO.
A chemist determined by measurements that 0.085 moles of barium oxide participate in a chemical reaction. Calculate the
mass of barium oxide that participates.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
Answer: 9.97 g (corrected to 3 significant figures.)
Explanation:
mass = no. of moles x molar mass
Atomic mass of Barium = 137.327; oxygen = 15.999,
so the molar mass of BaO = 137.327 + 15.999
=153.326
Hence, the mass is
0.065 x 153.326
=9.97 g (corrected to 3 significant figures.)
What mass of steam water at 100oc must be added to 150 g of water ice at its melting point in a thermally insulated container, to produce liquid water at 50oc?
The mass of steam would be 33grams.
What is steam?Steam is described as a substance containing water in the gas phase, and sometimes also an aerosol of liquid water droplets, or air.
Steam occurs due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization.
Parameters given are:
temperature of steam = 100° celsius
mass of ice = 150 grams
temperature of water = 50°c
Let the mass of the steam be ms and that of the ice be m_f. Then
L_Fmc +cw mc (F_f −0.0° C)=ms Ls +ms cw (100° C−T_f ).
where T_f =50 ° C is the final temperature. We solve for ms
: L_Fmc +cw mc (F_f −0.0° C)/ ms cw (100° C−T_f ).
substituting the values, we have Ms = 33grams.
mass is described as the quantitative measure of inertia, a fundamental property of all matter which in effect is the resistance that a body of matter offers to a change in its speed or position upon the application of a force.
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how many electrons must hte atoms of the elements below share with other atoms in covalent bonding to achieve an octet of electrons?
Answer:.....:
Explanation:
a lewis structure for the acetate ion is shown here: the ion is ch3co with an o atom double-bonded to the second (from left to right) carbon. the double-bonded o atom has two lone pairs. the other o atom has three lone pairs. the overall charge of the ion is 1 minus. which structure is the best resonance structure for the acetate ion?
A lewis structure for the acetate ion is included the carbon hydrogen and the oxygen atom . the one oxygen atom is doubly bonded with the carbon atom and one is single bonded with negative charge.
The acetate ion included the carbon hydrogen and the oxygen atom . the lewis structure of acetate ion is one O atom double-bonded to the carbon. the double-bonded O atom has two lone pairs. the other O atom has three lone pairs and -1 negative charge.
The valence electron of the C atom = 8
The valence electron of the H atom = 3
The valence electron of the O atom = 12
The total number of the valence electrons of the CH₃CO⁻ is = 24
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Which two bonds are least similar in polarity?
Select one:
a. I-Br and SiCl
b. B-F and Cl-F
c. C-Cl and Ge-Cl
d. O-F and Cl-F
e. Ga-Cl and I-Br
Answer:
Explanation:
hooki
3. Which hereditary disease results in difficulties with breathing and with digesting food?
muscular dystrophy
hemophilia
O
Down syndrome
cystic fibrosis
Answer:
cystic fibrosis
Explanation:
The cells that make mucus, perspiration, and digestive fluids are impacted by cystic fibrosis. These fluids start to thicken and cling together as a result. They then block off all of the tubes, ducts, and passages.
What is the chemical formula name for diselenium hexabromide?
Diselenium hexabromide has the chemical formula Si2Br6.
Disilicon hexabromide is it covalent or ionic?The nomenclature of covalent compounds utilizing prefixes served as the basis for the name of disilicon hexabromide (di- represents two atoms and hexa- represents 6 atoms). Ionic compounds, on the other hand, use the IUPAC nomenclature system based on the cation's valency.
Is this covalent or ionic?A compound's bonding will be covalent if it is created from two non-metals. In most cases, ionic compounds are created when a metal reacts with a nonmetal (or a polyatomic ion). The reaction between two nonmetals produces covalent compounds.
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write a paragraph using the words atom, element, compound, and mixture.
Which characteristic does inertia describe? responses how long an object is how long an object is how large an object is how large an object is how fast an object is moving how fast an object is moving how difficult it is to change an object's motion
Option C, Inertia describes how difficult it is to change the motion of an object.
What is meant by Inertia?The Latin term inerus, which meaning inert or slow, is where the word inertia originates. It may also refer to an object's resistance to a change in velocity.An object is said to have inertia if no external force forces it to change its speed or direction from its current state. Newton's first law of motion included a description of the concept of inertia. It is a propensity to do nothing or to do nothing different.Unless acted upon by an unbalanced force, an object remains at rest and an object in motion will remain to move at a constant speed and in a straight line. This is known as Newton's first law of motion (inertia).Learn more about Inertia refer to :
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