The voltage is generated by pH gradient is 221.8 mV.
given that :
temperature = 25 °C
pH difference = 3.75 pH units
the voltage generated across the membrane of a glass electrode from hydrogen ion concentration is given as :
E = (2.303 RT / nF ) ΔpH
where,
R = the gas constant = 8.314 J/K mol
T = temperature in K = 273 + 25 = 298 K
F = faraday constanr = 96485 C/mol
n = the charge on proton = 1
ΔpH = 3.75
putting all the value in the formula we get:
E = (2.303 ×8.314 ×298 / 1 × 96485 ) 3.75
E = 221.8 mV
thus, The voltage is 221.8 mV.
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Explain the relationship between the colors of light you see and the energy associated with the electron transition, i.e., what does this tell you about the relative distance between the energy levels or orbitals?
Answer:
The color of light that is emitted by an atom depends on how much energy the electron releases as it moves down different energy levels.
Explanation:
all tissues consist of two main components,. mention them
All tissues consist of two main components: cells and extracellular matrix, consisting of a gelatinous substance called ground substance and numerous different protein fibers.
the hydrolysis of sucrose is represented by the chemical equation above. this reaction is extremely slow in aqueous solution
The hydrolysis of sucrose is extremely slow in an aqueous solution that can be increased by catalysts.
The sucrase-sucrose complex is produced as an intermediate in a separate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy through which the process progresses.
By offering a new reaction pathway with lower activation energy, catalysts can speed up a reaction. The diagram is consistent with a two-step mechanism in which the sucrase-sucrose complex is created in the first stage as an intermediate and depleted in the second.
An equimolar mixture of fructose and glucose is produced during the hydrolysis of sucrose, which is known as inverted sugar in the food industry.
Inversion is the process of hydrolyzing sucrose to produce glucose and fructose. Invert sugar is the result of the hydrolysis of sucrose, which causes the sign of rotation to shift from dextro (+) to laevo (-).
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h3no lewis structure
Answer:
It is attached below.
Explanation:
The Lewis structure for H₃NO, also known as ammonia oxide or nitroxyl is given in the image.
Count the total number of valence electrons:
Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron.
Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons.
Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons.
Total valence electrons = (3 × 1) + 5 + 6 = 14
Determine the central atom:
In this case, nitrogen (N) is the central atom, as it is less electronegative than oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H).
Connect the atoms with single bonds:
Place a single bond (represented by a line) between nitrogen (N) and each hydrogen (H). This accounts for 3 electrons.
Distribute the remaining electrons:
Place the remaining 11 electrons as lone pairs around the atoms to satisfy the octet rule. In this case, nitrogen (N) will have a lone pair, and oxygen (O) will have a lone pair.
Each line represents a single bond, and the lone pairs are represented by pairs of dots or dashes. The hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom, and the oxygen atom has a lone pair.
Hence, the Lewis structure is in the image.
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Radio wave in the AM region have frequencie in the rang 539 to 1700 kilocycle per econd (530 to 1700 KHz). Calculate the wavelength correponding to a radio wave of grequncy 1460000/ (that i 1460 KHz)
The wavelength is 241.77m.
What is frequency?
Hertz gives the frequency at which a recurring event occurs once every second (Hz). The number of vibrations or cycles per unit of time is the definition of frequency, as we are all aware.
What is wavelength?
A wave's wavelength is the separation between its successive crests, notably between the points of an electromagnetic wave.
frequency = 1.240*10^6 s^-1
speed of light = 2.998*10^-8 m/s
λ = wavelength
C= λv
λ=c/v
λ= 2.998*10^-8 m/s/1.240*10^6 s^-1
λ= 241.77m
Therefore, wavelength is 241.77m.
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which one of the equation pairs illustrates a favorable energetic coupling in a cell? (i.e. one reaction releases sufficient energy to drive the other to completion). select all that apply.
Equations 1 & 2, Equations 2&3, and Equations 1&3 illustrate a favorable energetic coupling in a cell.
What is the non-spontaneous reaction?
A nonspontaneous reaction is one that under the specified conditions, does not favour the formation of products. A reaction needs to be endothermic, accompanied by the a drop in entropy, or both to qualify as nonspontaneous. The majority of the gases that make up our atmosphere are a combination of nitrogen and oxygen.
If G is positive, the reaction is not spontaneous and will need external energy. The reaction seems to be spontaneous and will happen on its own if G is negative.
Coupling of reactions-
Equations 1 and 2-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol
∆G total= -21.8kcal/mol( favourable reaction)
Equation 2&3-
∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol, ∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol
∆G total=-11.5kcal/mol(favourable)
Equations 3 and 4-
∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol, ∆G4= +7kcal/mol
∆G total=+10.3kcal/mol(unfavorable)
Equations 1 and 4-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G4=+7kcal/mol
∆G total= 0(reaction will be in equilibrium)
Equations 1 and 3-
∆G total=(-7+3.3)kcal/mol
=-4.3 kcal/mol(favorable)
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predict the major product for the reaction shown.
The product of the reaction is m-nitrobenzaldehyde, option B.
What is m-nitrobenzaldehyde?M-nitrobenzaldehyde, also known as meta-nitrobenzaldehyde is an organic aromatic compound that contains a nitro-group which is meta substituted to an aldehyde. It is soluble in water at 2.34 mg/ml and a temperature of 25° C. It is also soluble in ethanol, benzene and slightly in ether. M-nitrobenzaldehyde production process is prepared by nitration.
The carboxylic group is meta directing and has an ortho-para deactivating group therefore, during nitration of benzaldehyde, meta position gains an attachment from the nitro group forming m-nitrobenzaldehyde as product.
The full question is:
Predict the major product for the reaction shown.
a. o-cyanonitrobenzene & p-cyanonitrobenzene
b. m-nitrobenzaldehyde
c. o-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid & p-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid
d. m-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid
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nh2ch2co2h lewis structure
The Lewis structure of the compound is shown in the image attached to this answer.
What is Lewis structure?We know that the Lewis structure shows us what a compound looks like. The two parts of the Lewis structure would include the symbol of the element as well as the electron dots that can be used to show the number of valence electrons. This is why we call the Lewis structire the Lewis dot structure of a compound.
We can see that the compound here has an amine group as well as a carboxylic group and the Lewis structure would tell us the number of electron pairs that we have on the valence shell of each of the atoms.
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A substance has a half-life of 2. 045 minutes. If the initial amount of the substance was 132. 8 grams, how many half-lives will have passed before the substance decays to 8. 3 grams? what is the total time of decay?.
The total time of decay is 8.18 min.
The half life is the time to takes a substance to decay. so, we half to find out the number of half lives that have passed for initial amount of 132.8 g.
number of half -lives amount of substances in g
0 132.8
1 66.4
2 33.2
3 16.6
4 8.3
so. it will take 4 half -lives for the substance to decay to 8.3 g.
the total time decay = 4 × 2.045 = 8.18 min.
Thus, A substance has a half-life of 2. 045 minutes. If the initial amount of the substance was 132. 8 grams, half - life will have passed before the substance decays to 8. 3 grams. the total time of decay is 8.18 min.
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glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase causes ________.
Neither the reduction and phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to produce 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate nor the oxidation of a molecule of NAD+ to NADH.
What is G3P and how does it work?
The energy-producing processes glycolysis and glycerolipid biosynthesis both require glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), which is a necessary component.
Enzymes involved in G3P biosynthesis and catabolism, as well as those involved directly or indirectly in G3P biosynthesis, control the amount of G3P in plants.
What is the purpose of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?
The end result of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, or G3P. A 3-carbon sugar, it serves as the building block for the creation of other carbs.
The cycle is continued in part by using this G3P to regenerate the RuBP, but some of it is also available for molecular synthesis and is utilized to create fructose diphosphate.
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If the reaction of 150. G of ammonia with 150. G of oxygen gas yields 87. G of nitric oxide (no), what is the percent yield of this reaction?.
The percentage yield of the given reaction is 77.33%.
What is percentage yield?
Reactants frequently produce fewer product quantities than predicted by the chemical reaction's formula. The percentage of a theoretical yield that's been produced in a reaction is calculated using the percent yield formula. Working through a stoichiometry problem yields the theoretical yield, which is the ideal quantity of the final product. The actual yield is determined by calculating the volume of the product formed. We can determine the percentage yield by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield.
Moles is calculated by using the formula:
Moles of Ammonia:
Given mass of ammonia = 150g
Molar mass of ammonia = 17 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Moles of Oxygen
Given mass of oxygen = 150g
Molar mass of oxygen = 32 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
For the given chemical equation:
By Stoichiometry,
5 moles of oxygen reacts with 4 moles of ammonia.
So, 4.6875 moles of oxygen will react with = of ammonia
As, moles of ammonia required is less than the calculated moles. Hence, ammonia is present in excess and is termed as excess reagent.
Therefore, oxygen is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of products.
By Stoichiometry of the given reaction:
5 moles of oxygen gas produces 4 moles of nitric oxide
So, 4.6875 moles of oxygen gas will produce = of nitric oxide
Now, to calculate the theoretical amount of nitric oxide, we use equation 1: Molar mass of nitric oxide = 30 g/mol
Given mass of nitric oxide = 112.5 g
Now, to calculate the percentage yield, we use the formula:
Experimental yield = 87 g
Theoretical yield = 112.5 g
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Hence, the percentage yield of the given reaction is 77.33%.
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Two boys, Adam and Bob are pushing a box. They want to move the box to the right. Adam exerts a force of 100 Newtons on the box and Bob exerts a force of 150 Newtons in the same direction.
A. Are the forces working in the same or opposite direction? ___________________
B. Do you add or subtract the forces? ____________________________________
C. What is the combined force (net force) on the box? ________________________
D. Are the forces balanced or unbalanced? ________________________________
A. The forces are working in the same direction.
B. The forces are additive.
C. The combined force on the box is 250 Newtons.
D. The forces are unbalanced.
Net forceThe net force on an object is the resultant force on the object when all the possible forces have been considered.
Forces that act in the same direction are additive in nature while opposing forces are subtractive.
Thus, considering the forces exerted by Adam and Bob on the box, their forces are additive because both are in the same direction. Thus, the total force applied or the combined force on the box can be calculated as;
100 + 150 = 250 Newtons.
Now, the two forces are not applied at the same point on the box and neither are they equal in magnitudes. Bob exerted more force than Adam. Thus, the forces are unbalanced.
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how might a natural disaster such as a forest fire affect the elements of the hydrosphere
Answer:
A fire could cause an increase in evaporation of water from surface water near the fire.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
Wildfires can compromise water quality both during active burning and for months and years after the fire has been extinguished. Burned watersheds are prone to increased flooding and erosion, which can negatively affect water-supply reservoirs, water quality, and drinking-water treatment processes.
Wildfires can have immediate and long term effects on rivers, lakes, and streams. After burning vegetation, the ground's soil becomes hydrophobic and is unable to absorb any water. This creates what is known as stormwater runoff. Stormwater runoff is rainflow that travels over the surface of the ground.
please give me brainiest.
Write the formula for each of the following:
a. tin(II) carbonate
b. lithium phosphide
c. silicon tetrachloride
d. manganese(III) oxide
e. bromine
f. calcium bromide
Hope this answer helps you
In a molecule of water, how many electrons are shared between each hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom?
In a molecule of water, 4 electrons are shared between each hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom.
It is the lowest point in the substance and possesses chemical elements. Atoms don't exist on their own; instead, they combine to create ions and molecules, which combine to create the substances that we can see, feel, and touch. One or more atoms joined together by covalent (chemical) connections make up molecules. Atoms can be imagined as circles with a central nucleus (consisting of protons and neutrons) and one or more concentric circles surrounding it that represent the "shells" or "levels" in which the electrons surrounding the atom's nucleus are located as well as markings that distinguish the electron. every level
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If 3.45 l of a 0.35 m h3po4 to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 l, what is the concentration of the resulting solution
When 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄ to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M
The concentration of H₃PO₄ can be calculated as follows:
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually by simply mixing the solute with more solvent by adding water to the solution.
The formula (M1V1=M2V2) represents the dilution formula in chemistry.
M1V1=M2V2
3.45 L x 0.35 M = M2 X 10.00 L
M2 = 3.45 L x 0.35 M
10.00 L
M2 = 0.1207 M
Therefore, when 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄ to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M
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Produces pyruvate. The multienzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative of pyruvate to yield carbon dioxide and acetyl coa. The overall equation for the reaction is acetyl coa is the main form in which carbon compounds enter the.
The Glycolysis produces pyruvate.
What is pyruvate?
Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule which is the end product of glycolysis, the first step in the breakdown of glucose for energy. It is also the starting point for the Krebs cycle, the second stage of cellular respiration. Pyruvate is formed from the cleavage of the six-carbon sugar molecule, glucose, and is then further oxidized to form acetyl-CoA and enter the Krebs cycle. The enzymes responsible for pyruvate production are known as pyruvate kinases and are found in most eukaryotic cells. Pyruvate is an important molecule in the production of energy within the cell, as it acts as both a source of energy and a precursor to other metabolic pathways. Additionally, pyruvate is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, amino acids, and other biomolecules. Pyruvate is also used in the fermentation process to produce lactic acid and ethanol.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) enzyme is part of the multienzyme PDC, which catalyzes the physiologically irreversible decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and is often referred to as a 'gatekeeper' in the oxidation of carbohydrate.
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how many atomic orbitals are needed to form one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital? explain. the bonding of three incorrect: your answer is incorrect. atomic orbital(s) on two correct: your answer is correct. different atom(s) will give rise to one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital
There are two molecular orbitals are needed to form one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital.
Bond orbitals Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed in bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms are placed in anti-bonding orbitals.
Adding up the same number of atomic orbitals gives the same number of molecular orbitals. Two atomic orbitals combine to form two molecular orbitals. An anti-bonding orbital is essentially the opposite of a bonding orbital. They form when atomic orbitals combine in ways that lead to almost destructive interference.
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Produces pyruvate. The multienzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative of pyruvate to yield carbon dioxide and acetyl coa. The overall equation for the reaction is acetyl coa is the main form in which carbon compounds enter the.
Pyruvate is produced by the reaction of a glycolysis. The multienzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative of pyruvate to yield carbon dioxide and acetyl coa. Its reaction is given as
Pyruvate+CoA+NAD⁺→acetyl CoA+NADH+H⁺+CO₂
Acetyl CoA→Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis process is defined as the conversion of a glucose(C₆H₁₂O₆) into the pyruvate(CH₃COCO₂H). In the glycolysis reaction, high energy ATP molecules and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is created. The series of ten enzyme-catalyzed process makes up glycolysis.
One of the metabolic route which does not require is glycolysis(In anaerobic conditon, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid). It is occurred in various species, which tells us that it is old metabolic route.
Therefore, the glycolysis reaction produces pyruvate and its complete reaction is
Pyruvate+CoA+NAD⁺→acetyl CoA+NADH+H⁺+CO₂
Acetyl CoA→Citric acid cycle
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How would an increase in temperature affect evaporation?
F) it would end evaporation
G) it would speed up evaporation
H) it would slow down evaporation
J) temperature does not affect evaporation
Answer:
G) It would speed up evaporation.
Explanation:
As the temperature increases, the rate of evaporation also increases.
2) Ionic bonding is expected in which of these compounds?
A) [tex]\mathrm{Cl}_2[/tex]
B) [tex]\mathrm{KF}[/tex]
C) [tex]\mathrm{OF}_2[/tex]
D) [tex]\mathrm{HF}[/tex]
E) [tex]\mathrm{H}_2[/tex]
Ionic bonding is expected in KF because in it one is metal and one is non-metal which is essential to form an ionic bond.
What is Ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that includes the electrostatic attraction among oppositely charged ions, or among two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, and is the number one interplay taking place in ionic compounds. It is one of the primary styles of bonding alongside with covalent bonding and metal bonding. Ions are atoms (or organizations of atoms) with an electrostatic charge. Atoms that advantage electrons make negatively charged ions (called anions). Atoms that lose electrons make undoubtedly charged ions (called cations). This switch of electrons is thought as electrovalence in assessment to covalence.
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the fact that there is a high sulfur content in the coal burned in south african power plants means that the
The fact that the coal burned in South African power plants has a high Sulphur content means that the power plants: burn cleanly, with little pollution
The fact that the coal burned in South African power plants has a high Sulphur content means that the power plants: burn cleanly, with little pollution; emit high levels of radioactive pollution; are very expensive, causing the majority of the country's poor to go without electricity; contribute to acidic deposition; and are very affordable, enhancing the country's economy.
What is released during the burning of sulfur-rich coal?
Some or all of the SO2 produced when high Sulphur coal is burned in power plants is frequently discharged into the atmosphere, where it reacts with water vapour to form sulfuric acid. Acid rain is then produced when this acid reacts with water droplets.
When coal is burned, what is released in significant amounts?
All living things, including humans, are composed of carbon. However, as coal burns, its carbon reacts with airborne oxygen to generate carbon dioxide. Although carbon dioxide (CO2) is an odourless, colourless gas, it is one of numerous gases in the atmosphere that can retain the heat from the planet.
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radium-224 has a life-life of 3.66 days. what was the mass of the original sample of radium-224 if 0.0500 g remains after 7.32 days?
Answer: 0.2 g
Explanation:
enthalpy of neutralization to be the most similar to that of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid
Acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH). As a result, when they combine, they have a neutralization reaction that produces water and sodium chloride.
What happens in neutralization?The pH rises to about 7 as a result of neutralization, which happens when a base and a base combine. It is a useful technique that is applied in daily life, for example when lime is added to acid soils to treat and relieve indigestion. Furthermore, neutralization results in an alkali's pH dropping to about seven.
Why does neutralization take place?Taking a base balances out our stomach's excess acid. Due to the formic acid in the ant sting, it can be painful. Using wet baking soda, which really is basic in nature, we can counteract this acid impact and lessen the agony brought on by the sting.
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Processes come into play during the dehydration process in an oven: question 12 options: heat, low humidity and air current heat, high humidity and air current heat, high humidity and lack of air current none of the choices are correct.
The processes that come into play during the dehydration process in an oven is option A. Heat, low humidity and air current.
What are the methods of dehydration?
Foods can be dried in a number of ways, including the sun, an electric dehydrator, a regular oven, a microwave (just for herbs), air drying, and solar drying.
Note that Food dehydration involves simultaneous mass and heat transfers within the food as well as changes in the energy transfer medium. When food is dehydrated using a process other than hot air, the moisture may need to be removed from the food by means of air or another gas.
Hence, One of the simplest methods for preserving food is dehydration. You don't need to purchase specialized jars, preservers, or equipment. Not even a dehydrator is necessary. Food can be dried in your oven, whether it's a toaster oven or a regular oven.
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What mass of magnesium bromide is formed when 1 g of magnesium reacts with 5g of bromine.
The 5.76 grams of MgBr₂ produced from the reaction of bromine and magnesium.
Balanced chemical equation
Mg + Br₂ ⇒MgBr₂
Number of moles of Mg and Br₂ present
n(Mg) = 1/24.3 = 0.0412 mol
n(Br₂) = 5/159.8 = 0.0313 mol
Checking the limiting reagent in the reaction.
Magnesium and Bromine react in 1:1 ratio
Then Limiting reagent will be bromine. The values of bromine will be used to calculate amount of magnesium bromide(Molar mass =5.76g).
0.0313 x 184.1 = 5.76 grams.
Hence, 0.0313 mole of bromine will produce 5.76 grams of magnesium bromide.
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Insoluble sulfide compounds are generally black in color. which of the following combinations could yield a black precipitate?
a.Na2S(aq)+KCl(aq)
b.Li2S(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)
c.Pb(CIO3)2(aq)+NaNO3(aq)
d.AgNO3(aq)+KCl(aq)
e.K2S(aq)+Sn(NO3)4(aq)
Answer:
the answer for the question is B and E
What is the strongest intermolecular force present for each of the following molecules?
A. hydrogen [tex]\left(\mathrm{H}_2\right)[/tex]
B. carbon monoxide (CO)
C. silicon tetrafluoride [tex]\left(\mathrm{SiF}_4\right)[/tex]
D. nitrogen tribromide [tex]\left(\mathrm{NBr}_3\right)[/tex]
E. water [tex]\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)[/tex]
Answer: Yes, it is true, hydrogen bonding is strongest intermolecular forces compare with all. In case of nh3, (N-H bonds makes between molecules) and dipole dipole interaction (interaction between two dipole) and london dispersion forces occur between nh3 molecules. this types of intermolecular forces are generated between nh3 molecules.
patterns of reactivity quick check
Reactivity decreases as you move from left to right. The farther to the left and down the periodic chart you move, easier it is for electrons to be given or taken away, hence resulting in higher reactivity.
What is the pattern of reactivity in periodic table?Reactivity decreases as we move down the column. As you learn more about the table, you will be able to find that this pattern is true for other families.
The atoms get bigger, as the atomic number increases. The chemical properties change slightly when compared to the element right above them on the table. The non-metal elements in Group 7 that are known as the halogens, get less reactive as you move to the down of the group.
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show between force pressure and area
Answer:
Relationship: The Pressure on an Area and the Force Acting Perpendicularly to the Area. The pressure, , on an area, , is given by = , where is the force acting perpendicularly to all the sides of the area
