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According to Hardy-Weinberg, when a population is in equilibrium, it will have the same allelic frequencies generation after generation, meaning that they are stable, they are not evolving.

When any evolutive force is acting on the population, this equilibrium breacks, and allelic and genotypic frequencies change through generations, differing from the expected ones.  

A) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 0.41

B) Option 6 is the correct answer ⇒ 120

C) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 3.84

D) Option 1 is the correct answer ⇒ The class represents a population that is in H-W equilibrium

E) Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for  the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.

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Allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the

allelic dominant or recessive forms. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (H0m0zyg0us  dominant), 2pq (H3ter0zygous), q² (H0m0zyg0us recessive). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same

allelic frequencies generation after generation.

The sum of the allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.

In the same way, the sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1, this is

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Being

 p the dominant allelic frequency,

 q the recessive allelic frequency,

 p² the h0m0zyg0us dominant genotypic frequency

 q² the h0m0zyg0us recessive genotypic frequency

 2pq the h3ter0zyg0us genotypic frequency

Situation: Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows:

 H4/H4 = 125 individuals;

 H4/H5 = 85 individuals;

 H5/H5=24 individuals.

⇒ Total number of individuals= 125 + 85 + 24 = 234

⇒ Genotypic frequencies, F(xx):

 F(H4/H4) = 125/234 =0.534

 F(H4/H5) = 85/234 = 0.363

 F(H5/H5) = 24/234 = 0.102

⇒ Allelic frequencies, f(x):

 f(H4) = p = F(H4/H4) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.534 + 0.363/2 = 0.534 + 0.182 = 0.716

 f(H5) = q = F(H5/H5) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.102 + 0.363/2 = 0.102 + 0.182 = 0.284

Questions:

A)  According to the theoreticall frame, we know that 2pq is the h3ter0zygous genotypic frequency. So,  

F(H4/H5) = 2pq = 2 x 0.716 x 0.284 = 0.408 ≅ 0.41 ⇒ Option 7 is the correct answer.

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B)  According to the theoreticall frame, we know that p² is the h0m0zyg0us genotypic frequency. So,

p = 0.716

p² = 0.5126 ≅ 0.513 ⇒ This is the genotypic frequency.

To calculate the number of individuals carrying this genotype, we need to multiply it by the total number of

individuals.

H4/H4 individuals = p² x total number of individuals = 0.513 x 234 = 120

Option 6 is the correct answer.

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C)  Up to here we know that 2pq = 0.41 and p² = 0.513

Now we need to calculate q ²

q = 0.284, then q² = 0.284² = 0.08

These are the expected frequencies if the population was in H-W equilibrium.

The expected number of individuals with each genotype are:

 H4/H4 = 0.513 x 234 = 120 individuals

 H4/H5 = 0.41 x 234 = 96 individuals

 H5/H5= 0.08 x 234 = 18 individuals

The observed number of individuals with each genotype are:

 H4/H4 = 125 individuals

 H4/H5 = 85 individuals

 H5/H5=24 individuals

X² = ∑ (Observed - Expected)²/Expected)

X² = ((125-120)²/120) + ((85 - 96)²/96) + ((24-18)²/18)

X² = 0.21 + 1.26 + 2 =

X² = 3.47

The clossest option is option 7 = 3.84. The difference might be related to decimals and rounding.

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D)  The correct answer is  1 ⇒ The whole class represents a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

The null hypothesis always predict that populations are in H-W equilibrium.

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E)  

 X² = 3.47

 Freedom degrees = n - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2

 Table p value: 7.82

 Significance level, 5% = 0.05

 Table value/Critical value = 5.991

5.991 > 0.347

Meaning that the difference between the observed individuals and the expected individuals is statistically  significant. Not probably to have differe by random chances. There is enough evidence to reject the null

hypothesis.

Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for  the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.

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Answer:

OAmalOHopeO

Plants have multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages in their life cycle.

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Answer:

d. cellular respiration

Explanation:

mitochondria is where cellular respiration occurs, and photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, so d would be the most reasonable answer.

Answer:

fungi

Explanation:

bcuz it is plant-like organism with lack of chlorophyll

Answer:

vapourization

Explanation:

When the water is heated, it changes into water vapour which is called vapourization or sometimes we can also call it evaporation.

Answer:

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide

Answer:

the answer is osteon

Explanation:

Answer:

Insulin helps control blood glucose levels by signaling the liver and muscle and fat cells to take in glucose from the blood. Insulin therefore helps cells to take in glucose to be used for energy. If the body has sufficient energy, insulin signals the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen.

Explanation:

hydrogen is essential to nuclear fusion. hydrogen is the fuel the sun burns. we don't have to burn solar energy, so there's no smoke and pollution

Answer:

Hydrogen fusion reaction is the one which provides so much light and heat (in short, energy) which escapes into space and spread. If Hydrogen on sun ends, It will lose its warmth (and may be soon become a planet, but will surely be a dead star).

Explanation:

Answer from Gauth math

Answer:

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Explanation:

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The correct energy flow during aerobic respiration is ATP, Glucose, and cells. Thus, the correct option is B.

Aerobic respiration may be defined as the process of conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and energy via the intermediate product of pyruvate in presence of air.

The release of energy in aerobic respiration is found to be greater as compared to anaerobic respiration.

This released energy is immediately used to synthesize a molecule called ATP via glucose that fuels the cells for metabolic activities.

Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.

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Answer:

For every 100ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately __4___ml of CO2 to the alveoli.

Answer:

4ml

Explanation:

For every 100ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 4 ml of CO2 to the alveoli.

Answer:

For geological carbon sequestration, the reaction of aqueous CO2 with silicate rock permits carbonate formation, achieving permanent carbon sequestration.A

Explanation:

Answer:

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Explanation:

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Answer:

Because that can destroy the helpful enzymes in the body, and therefore cause a lot of problems or maybe cause death

Answer:

The guiding principle of radiation safety is “ALARA”. ALARA stands for “as low as reasonably achievable”.

Answer:

lack of oxygen in the water

Explanation:

The fish most likely died from lack of oxygen in the water. This is because fishes actually use their gills to extract and breathe in the oxygen from the water while also expelling carbon dioxide from their lungs. Similar to how humans breathe. When the water was boiled it caused the dissolved gases to be expelled, which includes oxygen. Therefore, without the necessary oxygen in the water, the fish ultimately suffocated.

Boiling the water reduce its amount of dissolved oxygen which is needed by the fish to breathe, that's why the fish died after few minutes.

Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen present in the water.

The organisms live to consume dissolved oxygen to breathe.

The amount of dissolved oxygen is high in the current water like rivers than in the still water like pond.

If the amount of DO is high in the water, it causes bubble gas disease in the aquatic organisms.

If the amount of DO is low in the water than, fishes and other aquatic organism cant survive due to low oxygen level.

Thus, boiling the water reduce its amount of dissolved oxygen which is needed by the fish to breathe, that's why the fish died after few minutes.

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Answer:

4.16

Explanation:

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Answer:

4.16

Explanation:

Answer:In the nucleus

Explanation:

The information for all bodily functions resides in DNA in every cell.

Answer:

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Answer:

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Explanation:

It helps to ascertain the number of living beings on Earth. More than one million of species of plants and animals have been discovered and classified so far. It aims to classify the living organisms. Millions of organisms are classified scientifically in categories, which helps to have a better understanding

The theory and practice of characterizing, naming, and classifying living things is known as taxonomy. Such research is critical for a basic knowledge of biodiversity and its preservation.

Taxonomy is important because:

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Answer:

Produces energy for the cell by respiration

Explanation:

The glucose obtained from food is broken down to pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm. This pyruvic acid is broken down into oxygen, water and energy rich ATP molecules in the Mitochondria.

Answer:

wild animals collectively; the native fauna (and sometimes flora) of a region.

Explanation:

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Answer:

True

Explanation:

Nitrogen is a fundamental component of both inorganic and organic compounds, where it is the main constituent of biomolecules such as nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and proteins. The nitrogen cycle refers to the biogeochemical processes by which nitrogen circulates between the components of an ecosystem, i.e., between organisms (like plants and decomposers), and non-living things (i.e., soil, water, air). This cycle consists of several processes which include, among others, nitrogen fixation (i.e., the process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia), nitrification (i.e., the oxidation of ammonia is oxidized into nitrite and subsequent transformation of nitrites into nitrates), denitrification (where nitrate is reduced), anaerobic ammonia oxidation and putrefaction.

Answer:

All forms of pollution pose a serious threat to biodiversity, but in particular nutrient loading, primarily of nitrogen and phosphorus, which is a major and increasing cause of biodiversity loss and ecosystem dysfunction. ... In addition, nitrogen compounds can lead to eutrophication of ecosystems.

Answer:

Vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients—because acting in concert, they perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also convert food into energy, and repair cellular damage.

Answer:

loss of biodiversity

Explanation:

Biodiversity- refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can encompass the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life.

loss in biodiversity affect food chains greatly

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