How do bacteria develop resistance to drugs
Answer: Bacteria gain resistance to drugs because of mutations (permanent and random changes to their DNA) which means they have changed DNA coding, giving them the ability to resist the drug fighting them off. As a result, they survive and reproduce. Over time, more and more bacteria are generated as the DNA code for resistance is passed on over generations. This results in bacteria having the ability to resist drugs. This is particularly prevalent with antibiotics.
Bacteria develop drug resistance through genetic mutations, acquisition of resistance genes, production of inactivating enzymes, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation.
Bacteria can develop resistance to drugs through several mechanisms. One common way is through genetic mutations or acquisition of resistance genes. Mutations can occur in the bacterial DNA, leading to changes in the target site of the drug, rendering it ineffective. Resistance genes can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer, allowing the recipient bacteria to acquire resistance traits.
Another mechanism is the production of enzymes that can inactivate the drug. Bacteria can produce enzymes, such as beta-lactamases, that break down antibiotics like penicillin, preventing them from functioning properly. Bacteria can develop efflux pumps that actively pump out drugs from their cells, reducing their concentration and effectiveness. This mechanism helps bacteria evade the lethal effects of antibiotics. Biofilm formation provides a protective environment for bacteria, making them less susceptible to drugs and immune system attacks.
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The correct question is:
How do bacteria develop resistance to drugs?
hi, define chemistry and mention the three branches of chemistry answer it fast .Good night
Explanation:
Branches of inorganic chemistry include: ... Nuclear chemistry — the study of radioactive substances. Organometallic chemistry — the study of chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal. Solid-state chemistry — the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid materials.
Answer:
The five primary branches of chemistry are physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry.
What is the effect of these currents on Earth's temperatures?
Ocean currents act much like a conveyor belt, transporting warm water and precipitation from the equator toward the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics. Thus, ocean currents regulate global climate, helping to counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface.
What is a community?
1 all the animals that live in a habitat
2 a single species that lives in a habitat
3 all the species that live in a habitat
4 a population that lives in a single habitat
Answer:
3. All the species that live in a habitat.
A community is where all the species live in a habitat. Hence the correct option is 1.
A community is an ecological term that encompasses all the different species of organisms that coexist and interact within a specific habitat or geographic area. It includes plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that share the same environment and form intricate ecological relationships with each other.
These relationships can be competitive, predatory, symbiotic, or other forms of interactions that influence the dynamics and structure of the community. Understanding the composition and interactions within a community is vital in studying the biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and overall health of a given habitat.
Hence the correct option is 1.
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Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBC?
A) chloride shifting
B) the Haldane effect
C) release of hydrogen ion
D) the Bohr effect
Answer:
A) chloride shifting
Explanation:
because in movement of bicarbonate ion, there. is exchange of carbonic acid and chloride ion in RBC which is called chloride shift.
Answer: A. chloride shifting
What is the correct order of amino acid if the sequence of bases on DNA were as follows: C-C-T-C-G-A-T-T-C-A-T-G
glycine, alanine, lysine, tyrosine
2)
alanine, proline, lysine, tyrosine
3)
valine, aspartate, glycine, proline
4)
aspartate, glycine, serine, valine
Answer:
it should be G-G-A-G-C-T-A-A-G-T-G-C
Explanation:
A=T
C=G
think of them as opposites. invert them and you'll have the answer (its easier if you write the answer right underneath)
The amino acid sequence should be G-G-A-G-C-T-A-A-G-T-G-C
G-G-A: glycine
G-C-T: alanine
A-A-G: lysine
T-G-C: tyrosine
What are amino acids?
Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.
The nucleotide triplet that encodes an amino acid is called a codon. Each group of three nucleotides encodes one amino acid. There are 64 combinations of 4 nucleotides taken three at a time and only 20 amino acids, the code is degenerate (more than one codon per amino acid, in most cases).
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what is haemopoiesis??
Haemopoiesis is from greek meaning “ to make. new blood” •
Explanation:
It refers to the formation of blood cellular. components.
Name one geographic region that has few or no fossil primates and explain why.
Answer:
Australia
Explanation:
Fossils are preserved remains (or mouldings) of ancient living things which are preserved in sedimentary rocks. Primate fossils are generally found along with other fossils, usually in ancient soils that contain information on the conditions under which they were formed. Primate fossils are generally found in tropical and subtropical regions (which represent the natural habitat in which these species live). Primates never lived in Australia, and therefore no fossil primates from this geographic area have been found.
When neuroscientists employ the term "nucleus", they are usually referring to:_____.
a. a cluster of glial cells in the dorsal-medial CNS.
b. a neural unit composed of anatomically and functionally related neurons.
c. a group of homologous ganglia located either in the cortex or in the cerebellum.
d. cognitively synchronized clusters of apical dendrites anywhere in the PNS.
Answer:
B. A neural unit composed of anatomically and functionally related neurons.
Please help me with these questions
I will mark the Brillianest
Answer:
[tex] \pink{\qquad \boxed{\boxed{\begin{array}{cc} \maltese \: \: \: \bf \: see \: the \: picture \: \: \end{array}}}}[/tex]
What variable should Anurag change in his experiment
Answer:
For geological carbon sequestration, the reaction of aqueous CO2 with silicate rock permits carbonate formation, achieving permanent carbon sequestration.A
Explanation:
A 55-year-old male is sent to your office to have an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. He is a heavy drinker and smoker who also consumes spicy foods on a daily basis. He is quite anxious about having the procedure performed and is afraid he might choke during insertion of the scope. His father and younger brother were both diagnosed with esophageal cancer. His father died, but the brother was just recently diagnosed and is taking chemotherapy.
A. List the risk factors the patient has for developing esophageal cancer.
B. How might you calm the patient's fears about the procedure?
Answer and Explanation:
A. The risk factors for this patient are age, family history, and smoking and alcoholism. That's because, most cases of esophageal cancer are detected at age 55 years. We must not forget that cancer is a disease with great genetic potential, which means that, as the father and brother of this patient had this type of cancer, this patient has a high probability of developing the same cancer. Furthermore, the constant consumption of cigarettes doubles the risk of developing esophageal cancer. This risk is also increased by alcoholism.
B. To calm the patient down, I would say that there is a very small and almost non-existent risk that he will choke or even feel the endoscopy insertion, as the entire procedure is done with the patient anesthetized and sedated.
A) Risk factors include
People between the age of 45 and 70 have the more risk of esophageal cancer.If the patient has genetic signs of cancer from the past generations may have highest risk of esophageal cancer.Males have more risk than women that is 3 to 4 times to develop esophageal cancer.Alcohol consumption also increases the risk of esophageal cancer.Too much weight or obesity increases the risk of esophageal cancer.Deficiency in nutrients, vitamins and minerals can increase risk of esophageal cancer.B) Calming the patients fears
Make the patient be happy and stress free.Do exercise which produces mood boost endorphins that get rid of worries and stress.Stay positive, being friendly keep good health.For more information on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, visit
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how much water was retained by soil C
Answer:
we dont know sorry but i dont know
What component of Earth's atmosphere exists entirely as a result of photosynthesis?
oxygen pas
n mas
O water vapor
O nitrogen gas
O carbon dioxide gas
Answer:
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide
1. Biochemical and differential tests can be incorporated into growth media or performed on isolated colonies after they have been cultured. Give three examples of a differential test that is incorporated into media and three examples that are applied after the colonies have been cultured.
Answer:
Biochemical and differential tests can be incorporated into growth. media or performed on isolated colonies after they have been cultured. ... Three examples of biochemical tests that are done on the colonies are catalase test, indole test, and urease test.
HELP PLEASE ASAP FAST
Answer: Adenine hope this helps...
How would you
change the hypothesis if mussels died in
both aquariums?
The new hypothesis could be that there is another alternative factor that is negativey afecting dwarfs survivorship.
The previous hypothesis of high levels of phosphate killing mussels is not necessarily disproved. But the death of mussels from both the control and the treatment groups might be related to one of the controlled variables that could be actually afecting them.
----------------------
Probably different levels of phosphate are also affecting invididuals´ survivor rates. However, the fact that mussels from all the aquariums died suggests that there is something else going on that caused the death of all the individuals.
The control group is used to identify any other factors influencing the results obtained in the study, apart from the modified variables of the treatment. Individuals of the control group are selected from the same population as the treatment group. These two groups are identical in all aspects except for the independent variable, which changes in the treatment group but remains constant in the control group.
We know that mussels in this experiment were taken from the same population and grown under the same controlled conditions. Only the treatment group received phosphate, but all mussels died, not only the ones that receive phosphate. This result turns to be useful because it is indicating that there is another variable that is killing mussels. Phosphate might be a cause of death, but there is also something else. So the researchers should pay attention to the controlled variables, such as water quality, temperature, pH, food supply, light exposure, or others.
These variables might be reflecting the real conditions under which mussels live. The results tell that one of these is related to individual death and could be a consequence of climate change or soil use, among other causes.
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DNA is referred to as a______, meaning that it has
strands that are______together.
Answer:
molecule
wound
Explanation:
DNA is the chemical name for molecule. The strands wind together and form a double helix.
Which of these would have the lowest kinetic energy?
Are there options too? If yes, then plz provide the options too, the next time you ask :) . Solids would have the lowest kinetic energy and gases have least kinetic energy.
What are the following is considered a receptive a fine touch
Explanation:
This system is responsible for all the sensations we feel – cold, hot, smooth, rough, pressure, tickle, itch, pain, vibrations, and more. Within the somatosensory system,there are four main types of 1.receptorsme chanoreceptors, 2.thermoreceptors,3. pain receptors, and 4. proprioceptors.Explain why fabrics made with elastic fibre with the trade name “lycra’ are extensively used in foundation garment industry today. You may use their special characteristics and properties.
Answer:
Fabric name
Lycra
Fabric also known as
Spandex, elastane
Fabric composition
Polyether-polyurea copolymer
Fabric breathabilityn
High breathability
Moisture-wicking abilities
High
Heat retention abilities
Low
Stretchability (give)
Extraordinarily high
Prone to pilling/bubbling
High
Country where fabric was first produced
United States
Biggest exporting/producing country today
China
Recommended washing temperatures
Warm or cold
Commonly used in
Underwear, socks, bras, sports bras, bike shorts, yoga pants, hiking apparel, motion capture suits
#hope this helps u some #
You are studying an enzyme that is inactivated by phosphorylation and create a mutant in which the threonine that is normally phosphorylated is replaced with glutamate. Predict the impact of this change on the activity of this enzyme. Group of answer choices
Answer:
always active
Explanation:
Phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that consists of the addition of phosphate groups to specific amino acids on the protein. Phosphorylation acts as a molecular switch for proteins that are phosphorylated (i.e., in some situations phosphorylation acts to activate protein function, whereas in other situations phosphorylation can inactivate protein function). Phosphorylation modifies the three-dimensional structure of the protein, thereby affecting, for example, the accessibility of the active site of a phosphorylated enzyme to its substrate. Phosphorylation can occur only at the side chains of three amino acids: Serine, Threonine and Tyrosine. In this case, the enzyme is inactivated by phosphorylation on the Threonine residue, so it is expected that the mutant enzyme cannot be phosphorylated, remaining in an active state.
The meaning of ALARA in radiation?
Answer:
The guiding principle of radiation safety is “ALARA”. ALARA stands for “as low as reasonably achievable”.
The nucleus of the cell is similar to the_______ system of the body.
The nucleus of the cell is similar to the Neurological system of the body.
What is Nucleus?According to the Cell Biology, nucleus may be a membrane found in organism cells.
The nucleus contain all of the cell's ordering except mitochondrial DNA and in plant cell, Plastid DNA.
Nuclear DNA is organized as multiple long linear molecules in a very complex form with a large variety of proteins, like histones, to make chromosomes.
The nucleus maintains the integrity of sequences and controls the activities of the cell by regulation gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell
The nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's polymer, enclosed by a network of fibrous intermediate filaments and enveloped in an exceedingly double membrane referred to as the "nuclear envelope".
The nuclear envelope separates the fluid within the nucleus, referred to as the living substance, from the remainder of the cell. The scale of the nucleus depends on the scale of the cell it's contained in, with a nucleus usually occupying 8% of the whole cell volume.
The nucleus is the largest organelle in animal cells.
For example- In mammalian cells, the average diameter of the nucleus is approximately 6 micrometers (µm).
What is Neurological System or Nervous System of the body?The Nervous system could be a extremely advanced a part of associate degree animal that coordinates its actions and sensory data by sending signals to and from completely different components of its body.
In vertebrates it consists of 2 main components, the central system (CNS) and therefore the peripheral system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and neural structure.
The function of the system is to send signals from one cell to others, or from one a part of the body to others and to manage the body.
It will this by extracting data from the setting exploitation sensory receptors, causing signals that encrypt this data into the central system, process the data to work out associate degree applicable response, and causing output signals to muscles or glands to activate the response.
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For every 100ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately _____ml of CO2 to the alveoli.
Answer:
For every 100ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately __4___ml of CO2 to the alveoli.
Answer:
4ml
Explanation:
For every 100ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 4 ml of CO2 to the alveoli.
Hope it is helpful....__________Are the subunits making up nucleic acids
Answer:
Nucleotides.
Explanation:
Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) are large polymers, made out of monomer building blocks called nucleotides. The nucleotides have a similar structure with three 'subunits': A phosphate group
What would be most likely to happen if some of the proteins Ik one of the photo systems were to change shape due to a drop in cell pH?
A. A decrease in the formation of NADPH
B. An increase in the formation of NADP+
C. A decrease in chlorophyll production
D. An increase in sugar production
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
If some proteins in one of the photosystems undergo change in their shape due to a drop in pH of cell, they will not perform their activity. Due to this, there will be a decrease in the formation of NADPH ( that is less reduction of NADP due to blockage in the transport of electron).What theory explains why the Uranian system is on its side?
Answer:
Astronomers have always assumed that Uranus must have been knocked onto its side by a collision. Now a new idea suggests that the planet's remarkable tilt could have another explanation.
Explanation:
I just know it
Answer:
Astronomers have always assumed that Uranus must have been knocked onto its side by a collision. Now a new idea suggests that the planet’s remarkable tilt could have another explanation.
by Emerging Technology from the arXivarchive page
December 3, 2009
One of the great mysteries of our Solar System is why Uranus is tilted on its side. Surely, if the solar system formed from the same rotating cloud of dust and gas, then all the bodies within it should rotate in the same way. And yet Uranus’ axis of rotation lies at 97 degrees to the plane of the solar system.
Human being get energy from
In this excerpt, a reader can conclude that Lizzie is playful based primarily on her
Answer:
based on Lizzie's words
