Which of the reactions are spontaneous (favorable)? DHAP↽−−⇀glyceraldehyde-3-phosphateΔG=3.8 kJ/mol C4H4O5⟶C4H2O4+H2OΔG=3.1 kJ/mol C2H4+H2−→−−Rh(I)C2H6ΔG=−150.97 kJ/mol glutamate+NAD++H2O⟶

Answer:

We can then determine that a reaction will shift to the right if Q<K

Explanation:

Comparing Q with K allows to find out the status and evolution of the system:

If the reaction quotient is equal to the equilibrium constant, Qc = Kc, the system has reached chemical equilibrium. If the reaction quotient is greater than the equilibrium constant, Qc> Kc, the system is not in equilibrium and will evolve spontaneously, decreasing the value of Qc until it equals the equilibrium constant. In this way, the concentrations of the products will decrease and the concentrations of the reagents will increase. In other words, the reverse reaction is favored to achieve equilibrium. Then the system will evolve to the left (ie products will be consumed and more reagents will be formed).If the reaction quotient is less than the equilibrium constant, Qc <Kc, the system is not in equilibrium and will evolve spontaneously increasing the value of Qc until it equals the equilibrium constant. This implies that the concentrations of the products will increase and those of the reagents will decrease. In other words, to achieve balance, direct reaction is favored. Then the reaction will shift to the right, that is, reagents will be consumed and more products will be formed.

In this case, we can then determine that a reaction will shift to the right if Q<K

Answer:

ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-5-methyl hexanoate

Explanation:

In this case, we have a very strong base (sodium ethoxide). Therefore, this compound will remove a hydrogen from ethyl 3-methyl butanoate generating a carbanion.

This carbanion, can attack another ethyl 3-methyl butanoate molecule on the carbonyl group generating a new C-C bond and producing a negative charge in the oxygen.

Then the ethanol can protonate the molecule generating an "OH" group and the ethoxide.

See figure 1

I hope it helps!

It has to be b. 2-methylbutanal

The compound does not undergo an aldol addition reaction in presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide is 2, 2-dimethylbutanal.

What is aldol reaction?

The Aldol Reaction occurs when the enolate of an aldehyde or ketone combines with the carbonyl of another molecule at the aplha-carbon under basic or acidic circumstances to produce beta-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone.

For the formation of enolate ion, compound should contain alpha hydrogen in it and among the given compound only 2, 2-dimethylbutanal will not have alpha hydrogens.

Butanal, 2-methylbutanal and 3-methylpentanal will have aplha hydrogens in it so that it takes part in the aldol reaction.

Hence 2, 2-dimethylbutanal does not undergo an aldol addition reaction.

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Answer:

The interpretation of the particular subject is covered in the subsection below in detail.

Explanation:

Large quantities of heavy substances like Lead ions become extremely poisonous when provided by a human. The administration of the medications recognized as "chelators" will eliminate these harmful chemicals from an infected individual's blood.However, here law enforcers calcium sodium polyacrylate seems to be the safest chelator in radiation sickness. It could be administered intravenously and attaches throughout the blood system with either the lead ions and afterward, removes the metal-chelator complicated from urine.

Answer:

Carbohydrate

Explanation:

A.pex

The element which can not loose electron easily and having electronagtive character is called non-metal it has following property-

1. it can not conduct heat and electricity

2. it is netiher ductile not malleable

3. it is not lsuturous and also not sonorous

Explanation:

a nonmetal (or non-metal) is a chemical element that mostly lacks the characteristics of a metal. Physically, a nonmetal tends to have a relatively low melting point, boiling point, and density. A nonmetal is typically brittle when solid and usually has poor thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Chemically, nonmetals tend to have relatively high ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. They gain or share electrons when they react with other elements and chemical compounds. Seventeen elements are generally classified as nonmetals: most are gases (hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, chlorine, argon, krypton, xenon and radon); one is a liquid (bromine); and a few are solids (carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine). Metalloids such as boron, silicon, and germanium are sometimes counted as nonmetals.

Answer:

0.032 moles

Explanation:

no of moles =

[tex] \frac{mass \: in \: grams}{relative \: molecular \: mass} [/tex]

=

[tex] \frac{2.4}{40 + 32 + 2} [/tex]

= 0.032

Calcium hydroxide reacted with nitric acid the total number of moles will be 0.032 moles.

What is a mole?

A mole is Avogadro's number of particles, which is exactly 6.02214076×1023.

The mole is widely used in chemistry as a convenient way to express amounts of reactants and products of chemical reactions. For example, the chemical equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O can be interpreted to mean that for each 2 mol dihydrogen (H2) and 1 mol dioxygen (O2) that react 2 mol of water (H2O) form.

Number of moles = Mass of substance / Mass of one mole Number of moles

mass of substance = 2.4g

molar mass of calcium hydroxide is  (1 ×40.078g/mol Ca) +(2 × 15.999g/mol O) + (2 × 1.008g/mol H) = 74.092 g/mol Ca (OH)2

substituting the value,

number of moles = 2.4 / 74.029

                          = 0.032 moles

Therefore, moles of calcium hydroxide will be 0.032 moles

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Answer:

Krypton -73

Explanation:

There are 33 known isotopes of krypton (36Kr) with atomic mass numbers from 69 through 101.

Good luck!

Answer:

D. Krypton-73

Explanation:

An isotope of an element has the same atomic number and the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons and a different atomic weight. Krypton is the 36th element on the periodic table. It has 36 protons and 48 neutrons. Krypton-73 is one of 33 known isotopes of Krypton and is the only one that actually exists from the list of choices.

Hope that helps.

Answer:

Check the Attachment.

Half-reactions:

Anode: (OXIDATION) Ni --> Ni2+ + 2e-

Cathode: (REDUCTION) Cu2+ +2e- --> Cu

Overall reaction: Ni + Cu2+ --> Ni2+ + Cu

Explanation:

Overall, reaction is basically Anode + Cathode, where electrons on both sides cancel out  (if not, you need to multiply the equation in a way you can cancel them out).

Hope this helps.

Answer: 2. Dalton Model

Explanation:

John Dalton proposed that atoms are indivisible spheres. Although his model of an atom was not entirely new to the scientific world since the ancient Greeks has made  a similar statement in the past ( all matter are made up of small indivisible particle called atom).

As of when Dalton proposed his model of an atom, electrons and nucleus where yet to be discovered.

Answer:

Eªcell > 0; n = 2

Explanation:

The reaction:

I2 (s) + Pb (s) → 2 I- (aq) + Pb2+ (aq)

Is product favored.

A reaction that is product favored has ΔG < 0 (Spontaneous)

K > 1 (Because concentration of products is >>>> concentration reactants).

Eªcell > 0 Because reaction is spontaneous.

And n = 2 electrons because Pb(s) is oxidizing to Pb2+ and I₂ is reducing to I⁻ (2 electrons). Statements that are true are:

Eªcell > 0; n = 2

Explanation:

C5H10O2 + NaOH = C2H5COONa + C2H5OH

your result are : sodium propanoate and ethanol

A balanced chemical equation represents atoms and their numbers with their charge. The balanced equation for base hydrolysis is C₅H₁₀O₂ + NaOH → C₂H₅COONa + C₂H₅OH.

What is hydrolysis?

Base hydrolysis is the splitting of the ester linkage by the basic molecule. As the result the acidic ester portion makes the salt, and also alcohol is produced as the by-product.

The base hydrolysis of methyl butanoate is shown as,

C₅H₁₀O₂ + NaOH → C₂H₅COONa + C₂H₅OH

Here, sodium propanoate and ethanol are produced by the splitting of methyl butanoate in the presence of the base (NaOH).

Therefore, C₅H₁₀O₂ + NaOH → C₂H₅COONa + C₂H₅OH is balanced reaction.

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Answer:

Option B. 3–methylheptane.

Explanation:

To obtain the name of the compound given in the question above, we must

1. Determine the functional group of the compound.

2. Locate the longest continuous carbon chain. This gives the parent name of the compound.

3. Identify the substituent groups attached.

4. Locate the position of the substituent group attached by giving it the lowest possible count.

5. Combine the above to obtain the name.

Now let us name the compound given in the question above.

1. The compound is an alkane since it contains only single bond.

2. The longest continuous carbon chain is 7. Hence the parent name I the compound is heptane.

3. The substituent group attached is

—CH3 i.e methyl.

4. The substituent group attached is at carbon 3.

5. Therefore, the name of the compound is:

3–methylheptane.

Answer:

5.92 g

Explanation:

Convert milliliters to liters.

217 mL = 0.217 L

Since molarity (M) is moles per liter(mol/L), multiply the molarity by the volume to find out how many moles you will need.

0.217 L × 0.246 M = 0.05338 mol

Now, convert the moles to grams using the molar mass.  The molar mass of calcium chloride is 110.98 g/mol.

0.05338 mol × 110.98 g/mol = 5.924 g ≈ 5.92 g

You will need 5.92 g of calcium chloride.

Answer:

They get more energy, so they vibrate!

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The change in entropy for the surroundings in a situation where heat flows from a hotter system to a cooler surrounding is Greater than Zero.

Here the randomness of the molecules increase as the temperature of the surrounding increases.( it absorbs heat from the system).

Answer:

Option a (Greater than zero) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The entropy transition can sometimes be due to something like the reconfiguration of atom or molecule through one sequence to the next. In the substances, there would be a corresponding increase throughout entropy mostly during response unless the compounds are still very much abnormal compared with the reaction mixture.

Some other three choices don't apply to either the situations in question. And the correct approach will be Options A.

Answer:

1.49e24

Explanation:

Standars temperature and pressure are 273.15K and 1atm, respectively.

Using ideal gas law, we can find moles of an ideal gas if we know its pressure, temperature and volume as follows:

PV = nRT

PV / RT = n

Where P is pressure (1atm), V is volume (55.3L), R is gas constant (0.082atmL/molK), T is temperature (273.15K) and n moles of the ideal gas.

Replacing:

PV / RT = n

1atm*55.3L / 0.082atmL/molK*273.15K = n

2.47 moles = n

Now, the question is about the number of molecules in the jar. By definition, 1 mole = 6.022x10²³ molecules.

As we have 2.47 moles:

2.47 mol × (6.022x10²³ molecules / 1 mole) =

1.49x10²⁴ molecules that are in the jar

In scientific notation:

1.49e24

Answer:

Al(OH)₃ +  OH⁻  →  Al(OH)₄⁻

The compound is called hydroxoaluminate.

Explanation:

Aluminiun Hydroxide → Al(OH)₃

NaOH → Sodium hydroxide.

The Al(OH)₃ is an amphoteric compound, while the NaOH is a strong base. When they react, we may think that, fist of all, the base can dissociate: NaOH  →  Na⁺  +  OH⁻

So the Al(OH)₃ will be a Lewis acid, as it can donate a pair of e⁻

Al(OH)₃ +  OH⁻  →  Al(OH)₄⁻

Answer:

Explanation:

We shall apply Arrhenius equation which is given below .

[tex]ln\frac{k_2}{k_1} = \frac{E_a}{R} [\frac{1}{T_1} -\frac{1}{T_2} ][/tex]

K₂ and K₁ are rate constant at temperature T₂ and T₁ , Ea is activation energy .

Putting the given values

[tex]ln\frac{5.9}{1} = \frac{39500}{8.3} [\frac{1}{298} -\frac{1}{T_2} ][/tex]

[tex].000373= [\frac{1}{298} -\frac{1}{T_2} ][/tex]

T₂ = 335.27 K

= 62.27 °C

The higher temperature is 62.27°C.

Calculating the higher temperature:

Given that the activation energy of the reaction is:

Eₐ =  39.5 kJ/mol

initial temperature T₁ = 25°C = 298K

Let the final temperature be T₂

The rate constant at temperature T₁ be K₁, and at a temperature T₂ be K₂.

According to the question: K₂/K₁ = 5.9

Now, applying the Arrhenius equation we get:

[tex]\ln\frac{K_2}{K1}=\frac{E_a}{R}[\frac{1}{T_1} -\frac{1}{T_2}]\\\\\ln(5.9)= \frac{39.5}{8.3}[\frac{1}{298} -\frac{1}{T_2}]\\\\0.000373=\frac{1}{298} -\frac{1}{T_2}[/tex]

T₂ = 335.27K

T₂ =  335.27 -273

T₂ = 62.27°C

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Answer:

Explanation:

This is a bit of a trick question.

Usually an exothermic reaction is written as

A + B - heat = C + D

The meaning of this equation is that when the bonds of the reactants break, heat has to be given away to the environment. On the left, exothermic means that heat has to be given.

The wording on this question means that heat is a product

A + B = C + D + heat.

In other words heat is given up to the environment. So this reaction is exothermic.

Answer:

a. Gly-Lys + Leu-Ala-Cys-Arg + Ala-Phe

b. Glu-Ala-Phe + Gly-Ala-Tyr

Explanation:

In this case, we have to remember which peptidic bonds can break each protease:

-) Trypsin

It breaks selectively the peptidic bond in the carbonyl group of lysine or arginine.

-) Chymotrypsin

It breaks selectively the peptidic bond in the carbonyl group of phenylalanine, tryptophan, or tyrosine.

With this in mind in "peptide a", the peptidic bonds that would be broken are the ones in the "Lis" and "Arg" (See figure 1).

In "peptide b", the peptidic bond that would be broken is the one in the "Phe" (See figure 2). The second amino acid that can be broken is tyrosine, but this amino acid is placed in the C terminal spot, therefore will not be involved in the hydrolysis.

Answer:

Volume percent is defined as: v/v % = [(volume of solute)/(volume of solution)] x 100%

Explanation:

Answer:

False

Explanation:

The reaction rate increases if the temperature also increases, as does the concentration of ractives or the presence of catalysts.

The reaction rate talks about how reagents are converted into products as a function of time, this process can take less or more depending on the factors to which the reaction is exposed.

The increasing temperature generates an increase in the kinetic energy of the particles, promoting their proximity and their reaction between them to be able to give the final product, so a faster reaction occurs, which is why it has promoted when the particles collide.

Answer:

[tex]V_2=1.17L[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, for dilution processes, we must remember that the amount of solute remains the same, therefore, we can write:

[tex]V_1C_1=V_2C_2[/tex]

Whereas V accounts for volume and C for concentration that in this case is %(m/v). In such a way, the final volume V2 turns out:

[tex]V_2=\frac{V_1C_1}{C_2}= \frac{0.551L*50.0\%}{23.5\%}\\ \\V_2=1.17L[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

– 844 kJ/mol.

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

N2(g) + 3 F2(g) –––> 2 NF3(g)

Enthalpy of N≡N (N2) = 945 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of F–F (F2) = 155 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of N–F3 (NF3) = 283 kJ/mol

Enthalpy change (∆H) =?

Next, we shall determine the enthalpy of reactant.

This is illustrated below:

Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 945 + 3(155)

Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 945 + 465

Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 1410 kJ/mol

Next, we shall determine the enthalpy of the product.

This is illustrated below:

Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 2 x 283

Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 566 kJ/mol

Finally, we shall determine the enthalpy change (∆H) for the reaction as follow:

Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 1410 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 566 kJ/mol

Enthalpy change (∆H) =?

Enthalpy change (∆H) = Enthalpy of product (Hp) – Enthalpy of reactant (Hr)

Enthalpy change (∆H) = 566 – 1410

Enthalpy change (∆H) = – 844 kJ/mol

Answer:

– 844 kJ/mol.

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

N2(g) + 3 F2(g) –––> 2 NF3(g)

Enthalpy of N≡N (N2) = 945 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of F–F (F2) = 155 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of N–F3 (NF3) = 283 kJ/mol

Enthalpy change (∆H) =?

Next, we shall determine the enthalpy of reactant.

This is illustrated below:

Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 945 + 3(155)

Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 945 + 465

Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 1410 kJ/mol

Next, we shall determine the enthalpy of the product.

This is illustrated below:

Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 2 x 283

Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 566 kJ/mol

Finally, we shall determine the enthalpy change (∆H) for the reaction as follow:

Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 1410 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 566 kJ/mol

Enthalpy change (∆H) =?

Enthalpy change (∆H) = Enthalpy of product (Hp) – Enthalpy of reactant (Hr)

Enthalpy change (∆H) = 566 – 1410

Enthalpy change (∆H) = – 844 kJ/mol

Explanation:

Answer: The sulphur hexafluoride will have a chemical formula of [tex]SF_6[/tex]

Explanation:

A covalent compound is a compound where the sharing of electrons takes place between two elements which are non-metals.

The naming of covalent compound is given by:

1. The less electronegative element is written first.

2. The more electronegative element is written second. Then a suffix is added with it. The suffix added is '-ide'.

3. If atoms of an element is greater than 1, then prefixes are added which are 'mono' for 1 atom, 'di' for 2 atoms, 'tri' for 3 atoms and so on.

Thus sulphur hexafluoride will have a chemical formula of [tex]SF_6[/tex]

Answer:

D. sf6

Explanation:

Answer:

a. 121 ml, b. 253 ml and c. 2.57 L.

Explanation:

The new volume can be calculated by using the Boyle's law equation:  

P1V1 = P2V2

In the equation, P1 and P2 are the initial and final pressures and V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes for a real gas at constant temperature.  

a) Based on the given information, P1 = 755 mmHg, V1 = 125 ml, P2 = 780 mm Hg and V2 will be,  

V2 = P1V1/P2

V2 = 755 mmHg × 125 ml/780 mmHg

V2 = 121 ml

b) Based on the given information, P1 = 1.08 atm, V1 = 223 ml, P2 = 0.951 atm and V2 will be,  

V2 = P1V1/P2

V2 = 1.08 atm × 223 ml/0.951 atm

V2 = 253 ml

c) Based on the given information, P1 = 103 kPa, V1 = 3.02 L, P2 = 121 kPa and V2 will be,  

V2 = P1V1/P2

V2 = 103 kPa × 3.02 L/121kPa

V2 = 2.57 L

Answer:

[tex]\mathbf{S^0_{rxn} = -140.41 \ J/mol.K}[/tex]

Based upon the stoichiometry of the reaction the sign of Sºrxn should be negative

Explanation:

Consider the reaction:

H2CO(g) + O2(g) --------> CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Using standard thermodynamic data;

Based upon the stoichiometry of the reaction the sign of Sºrxn should be _________ . calculate Sºrxn at 25°C. Sºrxn = J/K•mol

At standard thermodynamic data

[tex]\mathtt{S^0_{rxn} = \sum S^0 _{product} - \sum S^0 _{reactant}}[/tex]

[tex]S^0(CO_2)[/tex] = 213.79 J/mol.K

[tex]S^0(H_2O)=[/tex]  69.95  J/mol.K

[tex]S^0 ({H_2CO}) =[/tex] 218.95 J/mol.K

[tex]S^0 (O_2)[/tex]  = 205.2 J/mol.K

[tex]\mathtt{S^0_{rxn} = (213.79 + 69.95) J/mol.K - (218.95+ 205.2) J/mol.K}[/tex]

[tex]\mathtt{S^0_{rxn} = (283.74) J/mol.K - (424.15) J/mol.K}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{S^0_{rxn} = -140.41 \ J/mol.K}[/tex]

Based upon the stoichiometry of the reaction the sign of Sºrxn should be negative

Answer:

b. Use the periodic table to work out the charge (oxidation number) on the transition metal according to the group in the periodic table

Explanation:

The keyword in this problem us "transition metal". Transition metals are found between the group 2 and group 3 elements. They have the d sub shells and also exhibit variable oxidation numbers (valency).

Among the options, the incorrect option is option B.

This is because transition metals d not have  a fixed oxidation number and they cannot be obtained by looking up the group in the periodic table.

The iconic compounds obtain a transition of metal caution and a halon anon. As per the rules the correct name of the compounds should be written as to identify the incorrect one.

Option B use the ability to check and to work out the charges (oxidation number) of the transition metal as per the group given in the table. The problem with the keyword is transition metal.

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Answer:

(a) Chromatography

(b) DNA fingerprinting

(c) Origin

(d) Sweet C consists of more colours than sweet D.

  ii. The speed of colours in sweet C are proportional to one another, while that of colours in D is not.

Explanation:

Chromatography is one of the physical method of separating mixtures. This process composed of the ability of the constituents in a mixture to separate by virtue of rate of movement through a medium, thus separates into constituents.

It can be used to determine the soluble constituents of a given mixture. And for purification purpose.