Which of these species would you expect to have the lowest standard entropy (S°)?

a. CH4(g)
b. H2O(g)
c. NH3(g)
d. HF(g)

Answer:

0.0002 M

Explanation:

The molarity of the HCl required would be 0.0002 M.

First, let us consider the balanced equation of the reaction:

[tex]Na_2C_2O_4 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H_2 + 2CO_2[/tex]

Stoichiometrically, 1 mole of [tex]Na_2C_2O_4[/tex] reacts with 2 moles of [tex]HCl[/tex] for a complete neutralization reaction.

Recall that: mole = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]

Mole of 0.550 g sodium oxalate = 0.550/134 = 0.0041 mole

If 1 mole [tex]Na_2C_2O_4[/tex] requires 2 moles HCl, then 0.0041 mole will require:

    0.0041 x 2 = 0.0082 mole HCl

Volume of the HCl = 40.95 L

Molarity = mole/volume

Hence, molarity of the HCl = 0.0082/40.95 = 0.0002 M

Answer:

1.84 × 10⁻³

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation

2 NOBr(g) ⇄ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g)

Step 2: Calculate the initial concentration of NOBr

0.143 moles of NOBr(g) are introduced into a 1.00 liter container. The molarity is:

M = 0.143 mol / 1.00 L = 0.143 M

Step 3: Make an ICE chart

         2 NOBr(g) ⇄ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g)

I             0.143               0           0

C              -2x               +2x        +x

E          0.143-2x            2x          x

Step 4: Find the value of x

The equilibrium concentration of NOBr(g) was 0.108 M. Then,

0.143-2x = 0.108

x = 0.0175

Step 5: Calculate the concentrations at equilibrium

[NOBr] = 0.108 M

[NO] = 2x = 0.0350 M

[Br₂] = x = 0.0175 M

Step 6: Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc)

Kc = [0.0350]² × [0.0175] / [0.108]²

Kc = 1.84 × 10⁻³

Answer:

The amount of heat that is absorbed when 3.11 g of water boils at atmospheric pressure is 7.026 kJ.

Explanation:

A molar heat of vaporization of 40.66 kJ / mol means that 40.66 kJ of heat needs to be supplied to boil 1 mol of water at its normal boiling point.

To know the amount of heat that is absorbed when 3.11 g of water boils at atmospheric pressure, the number of moles represented by 3.11 g of water is necessary. Being:

the molar mass of water is:

H₂O= 2* 1 g/mole + 16 g/mole= 18 g/mole

So: if 18 grams of water are contained in 1 mole, 3.11 grams of water in how many moles are present?

[tex]moles of water=\frac{3.11 grams*1 mole}{18 gramos}[/tex]

moles of water= 0.1728

Finally, the following rule of three can be applied: if to boil 1 mole of water at its boiling point it is necessary to supply 40.66 kJ of heat, to boil 0.1728 moles of water, how much heat is necessary to supply?

[tex]heat=\frac{0.1728 moles*40.66 kJ}{1 mole}[/tex]

heat= 7.026 kJ

The amount of heat that is absorbed when 3.11 g of water boils at atmospheric pressure is 7.026 kJ.

Answer:

Explanation:

Answer in attached file .

Answer:

There are no forces holding the gas particles together.

Explanation:

Answer: 2. Dalton Model

Explanation:

John Dalton proposed that atoms are indivisible spheres. Although his model of an atom was not entirely new to the scientific world since the ancient Greeks has made  a similar statement in the past ( all matter are made up of small indivisible particle called atom).

As of when Dalton proposed his model of an atom, electrons and nucleus where yet to be discovered.

Answer:

ΔHrxn = -635.14kJ/mol

Explanation:

We can make algebraic operations of reactions until obtain the desire reaction and, ΔH of the reaction must be operated in the same way to obtain the ΔH of the desire reaction (Hess's law). Using the reactions:

(1)Ca(s) + 2 H+(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + H2(g) ΔH = 1925.9 kJ/mol

(2) 2H2(g) + O2 g) → 2 H2O(l) ΔH = −571.68 kJ/mole

(3) CaO(s) + 2 H+(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + H2O(l) ΔH = 2275.2 kJ/mole

Reaction (1) - (3) produce:

Ca(s) + H2O(l) → H2(g) + CaO(s)

ΔH = 1925.9kJ/mol - 2275.2kJ/mol = -349.3kJ/mol

Now this reaction + 1/2(2):

Ca(s) + ½ O2(g) → CaO(s)

ΔH = -349.3kJ/mol + 1/2 (-571.68kJ/mol)

Answer:

Entropy change of ice changing to water at 0°C is equal to 57.1 J/K

Explanation:

When a substance undergoes a phase change, it occurs at constant temperature.

The entropy change Δs, is given by the formula below;

Δs = q/T

where q is the quantity of heat absorbed or evolved in Joules and T is temperature in Kelvin at which the phase change occur

From the given data, T = 0°C = 273.15 K, q = 15.6 KJ = 15600 J

Δs = 15600 J / 273.15 K

Δs = 57.111 J/K

Therefore, entropy change of ice changing to water at 0°C is equal to 57.1 J/K

The entropy change of ice changing to water will be "57.1 J/K".

The shift in what seems like a thermodynamic system's condition of confusion is caused by the transformation of heat as well as enthalpy towards activity. Entropy seems to be greater mostly in a network with a high quantity or measure of chaos.

According to the question,

Temperature, T = 0°C or,

                          = 273.15 K

Heat, q = 15.6 KJ or,

            = 15600 J

We know the formula,

Entropy change, Δs = [tex]\frac{q}{T}[/tex]

By substituting the values, we get

                                 = [tex]\frac{15600}{273.15}[/tex]

                                 = 57.11 J/K

Thus the above answer is correct.    

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Answer:

A. Rank the following substances in order of decreasing standard molar entropy (S∘).

Rank the gases from largest to smallest standard molar entropy

I2(g)>Br2(g)>Cl2(g)>F2(g)

B. Rank the gases from largest to smallest standard molar entropy. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

H2O2(g)>H2S(g) >H2O(g)

C. Rank the gases from largest to smallest standard molar entropy. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

C(s, amorphous) >C(s, graphite)>C(s, diamond)

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, we can apply the following principles to explain the order:

- The greater the molar mass, the larger the standard molar entropy.

- The greater the molar mass and the structural complexity, the larger the standard molar entropy.

- The greater the structural complexity, the larger the standard molar entropy.

A. Rank the following substances in order of decreasing standard molar entropy (S∘).

Rank the gases from largest to smallest standard molar entropy

I2(g)>Br2(g)>Cl2(g)>F2(g)

This is due to the fact that the greater the molar mass, the larger the standard molar entropy.

B. Rank the gases from largest to smallest standard molar entropy. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

H2O2(g)>H2S(g) >H2O(g)

This is due to the fact that the greater the molar mass and the structural complexity, the larger the standard molar entropy as the hydrogen peroxide has four bonds and weights 34 g/mol as well as hydrogen sulfide that has two bonds only.

C. Rank the gases from largest to smallest standard molar entropy. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

C(s, amorphous) >C(s, graphite)>C(s, diamond)

Since the molecular complexity is greater in the amorphous carbon (messy arrangement), mid in the graphite and lower in the diamond (well organized).

Regards.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The percentage by mass of a substance in a solution can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance dissolved in the solution by the total mass of the solution. This can be expressed mathematically as:

Percentage by mass = mass of substance in solution/mass of solution x 100

In this case;

mass of KBr = 4.34 grams

mass of water = 17.4 grams

mass of solution = mass of KBr + mass of water = 4.34 + 17.4 = 21.74

Percentage by mass of KBr = 4.34/21.74 x 100

                                              = 19.96 %

19.96 is approximately 20%.

Hence, the statement is true.

Answer:

Empirical formula is: C₂H₅

Explanation:

The chemical equation of burning of a compound that conatins only Carbon and Hydrogen is:

CₓHₙ + O₂ → XCO₂ + n/2H₂O

That means the moles of CO₂ produced are the moles of Carbon in the compound and moles of hydrogen are twice moles of water. Empirical formula is the simplest ratio between moles of each element in the compound. Thus, finding molse of C and moles of H we can find empirical formula:

Moles C and H:

Moles C = Moles CO₂:

7.851g CO₂ ₓ (1mol / 44g) = 0.1784 moles CO₂ = Moles C

Moles H = 2 Moles H₂O

4.018g H₂O ₓ (1mol / 18.01g) = 0.2231 * 2 = 0.4417 moles H

Ratio C:H

The ratio between moles of hydrogen and moles of Carbon are:

0.4417 moles H / 0.1784 moles C = 2.5

That means there are 2.5 moles of H per mole of Carbon. As empirical formula must be given only in whole numbers,

Answer:12.9e-12g or in short 12.9pg

Explanation:as p=1e-12

Answer:

8.05 moles

Explanation:

5.50 / 2.954 = x / 4.325

x = 8.05

According to ideal gas equation, if the temperature and pressure stay constant during the process 0.520 moles have been added  so that the balloon expands to 4.325 L.

The ideal gas equation is a equation which is applicable in a hypothetical state of an ideal gas.It is a combination of Boyle's law, Charle's law,Avogadro's law and Gay-Lussac's law . It is given as, PV=nRT where R= gas constant whose value is 8.314.The law has several limitations.The law was proposed by Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron in 1834.

In the given example if pressure and temperature are constant then V=nR substituting V=4.325 l and R=8.314  so n=V/R=4.325/8.314=0.520 moles.

Thus, 0.520 moles of helium are added if the temperature and pressure stay constant during this process.

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The given question is incomplete.

The complete question is:

When methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 9 grams of water and 11 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of oxygen, how many grams of methane were needed for the reaction?

Answer: 4 grams of methane were needed for the reaction

Explanation:

According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus the mass of products has to be equal to the mass of reactants. The number of atoms of each element has to be same on reactant and product side. Thus chemical equations are balanced.

{tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O[/tex]

Given:  mass of oxygen = 16 g

Mass of carbon dioxide = 11 g

Mass of water = 9 g

Mass of products = Mass of carbon dioxide + mass of water = 11 g  +9 g = 20 g

Mass or reactant = mass of methane + mass of oxygen = mass of methane + 16 g

As mass of reactants = mass of products

mass of methane + 16 g= 20 g

mass of methane  = 4 g

Thus 4 grams of methane were needed for the reaction

Answer:

NSAIDs are steroidal anti-inflammatories, their action is on the phospholipase A2 enzyme, this enzyme is responsible for breaking down the phospholipids of the membrane to trigger an inflammatory response. This is how steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit ALL inflammatory pathways (not like NSAIDs that they only inhibit the COX pathway).

These corticosteroid drugs cannot exceed the systemic mineralocorticoid value 1 in the body, since this corticosteroid hormone is also released by the adrenal cortex.

The NSAIDs generate: sporadic peaks in blood glucose, hypertension, fluid retention, increase in body fat mass, possible suppression of the adrenal cortex over time, inhibiting endogenous synthesis of corticosteroids.

On the other hand, naproxen and ibuprofen are NSAIDs, that is, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that do not influence both routes of inflammation, but only COX, this enzyme is abbreviated as COX but is called cyclooxygenase, and is responsible for a single route of inflammation.

NSAIDs such as naproxen and ibuprofen can cause gastric disorders such as ulcers or gastritis if they are consumed in a very repetitive manner.

In addition, both drugs are anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic. Although its two main functions are the first two, it was shown to have an effect in lowering body temperature.

That they are anti-inflammatory means that they inhibit the path of inflammation and analgesics the path of pain.

Explanation:

Both types of drugs generate the same effect but by different mechanisms.

Some are steroids and others are not, although steroids are considered to have a greater risk of benefit that is why they are administered against more systematically compromised instances such as anaphylactic shock.

NSAIDs such as naproxen and ibuprofen are the most prescribed today, since they have few risks and very good benefits, meaning that their adverse effects are not lethal or highly relevant and have a good effect on symptoms.

Both must be administered with care when treating a diabetic patient since corticosteroids generate glycemic peaks or increase in blood glucose, and NSAIDs compete for plasma protein with oral hypoglycemic agents, thus generating that these are in higher free concentrations. high diffusing better through the tissues and increases the potency of the adverse effects of these.

Answer:

Lime water, [tex]Ca(OH)_{2}_({aq} )[/tex] is formed.

Explanation:

Lime-water is a clear and colourless dilute solution of aqueous calcium hydroxide salt.

Small amounts of calcium hydroxide salt,  [tex]Ca(OH)_{2}_(s)[/tex]  is sparsely soluble at room temperature when dispersed vigorously. if in excess, a white suspension called 'milk of lime'is formed.

I hope this explanation is helpful.

Answer: C. the same amount of energy as

Explanation:

A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction where the reactants form products that, in turn, react together to give the reactants back.

Reversible reactions will reach an equilibrium point where the concentrations of the reactants and products will no longer change.

[tex]A+B\rightleftharpoons C+D[/tex]

Thus if forward reaction is exothermic i.e. the heat is released , the backward reaction will be endothermic i.e. the heat is absorbed and in same amount.

The amount of energy released will be equal and opposite in sign to the energy absorbed in that reaction.

Answer:

C.) the same amount of energy as

Explanation:

I got it correct on founders edtell

Answer:

0.0583g

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction is;

2HNO3(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) -------> Mg(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

From the question, number of moles of HNO3 reacted= concentration × volume

Concentration of HNO3= 0.100 M

Volume of HNO3 = 20.00mL

Number of moles of HNO3= 0.100 × 20/1000

Number of moles of HNO3 = 2×10^-3 moles

From the reaction equation;

2 moles of HNO3 reacts with 1 mole of Mg(OH)2

2×10^-3 moles reacts with 2×10^-3 moles ×1/2 = 1 ×10^-3 moles of Mg(OH)2

But

n= m/M

Where;

n= number of moles of Mg(OH)2

m= mass of Mg(OH)2

M= molar mass of Mg(OH)2

m= n×M

m= 1×10^-3 moles × 58.3 gmol-1

m = 0.0583g

Answer:

[tex]E=2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex]

Explanation:

Given that,

The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is 963.5 nm.

We need to find the energy of a photon with this wavelength.

The formula used to find the energy of a photon is given by :

[tex]E=\dfrac{hc}{\lambda}\\\\E=\dfrac{6.63\times 10^{-34}\times 3\times 10^8}{963.5\times 10^{-9}}\\\\E=2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex]

So, the energy of a photon is [tex]2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex].

Answer:

Chemistry is one of the causes for global warming, and in some cases it can even cause certain illnesses.

Answer:

Chemists have both hurt the environment and helped the environment by their actions.

Explanation:

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Answer:

THE VOLUME OF THE OXYGEN GAS AFTER DEFLATION TILL A PRESSURE OF 735 TORR IS ATTAINED IS 7836.99 L

Explanation:

Using Boyle's law,

P1V1 = P2V2

P1 = 150 atm

V1 = 50 L

P2 = 735 Torr

V2 = unknown

We must first convert the pressures into the same SI unit for easy calculation

1torr = 1/760 atm

So converting 735 torr to atm; we have:

1 torr = 1/ 760 atm

735 torr = 735 * 1 / 760 atm

= 0.967 atm

In other words, P2 = 0.957 atm

So rearranging the formula by making V2 the subject of the equation, we have:

V2 = P1 V1 / P2

V2 = 150 * 50 / 0.957

V2 = 7836.99 L

The volume of the oxygen cylinder after deflation to a final pressure of 735 torr or 0.967 atm pressure is 7836.99 L.

Answer:

(R)-but-3-en-2-ylbenzene

Explanation:

In this reaction, we have a very strong base (sodium ethoxide). This base, will remove a hydrogen producing a double bond. We know that the reaction occurs through an E2 mechanism, therefore, the hydrogen that is removed must have an angle of 180º with respect to the leaving group (the "OH"). This is known as the anti-periplanar configuration.

The hydrogen that has this configuration is the one that placed with the dashed bond (red hydrogen). In such a way, that the base will remove this hydrogen, the "OH" will leave the molecule and a double bond will be formed between the methyl and the carbon that was previously attached to the "OH", producing the molecule (R) -but-3- en-2-ylbenzene.

See figure 1

I hope it helps!

Answer:

Bakelite is a polymer made up of the monomers phenol and formaldehyde. This phenol-formaldehyde resin is a thermosetting polymer.

Answer: The monomers of bakelite are formaldehyde and phenol

Explanation:

Explanation:

free your mind drink water and go outside take fresh air you will get answers

Answer:

All of the above processes have a ΔS < 0.

Explanation:

ΔS represents change in entropy of a system. Entropy refers to the degree of disorderliness of a system.

The question requests us to identify the process that has a negative change of entropy.

carbon dioxide(g) → carbon dioxide(s)

There is  a change in state from gas to solid. Solid particles are more ordered than gas particles so this is a negative change in entropy.

water freezes

There is  a change in state from liquid to solid. Solid particles are more ordered than liquid particles so this is a negative change in entropy.

propanol (g, at 555 K) → propanol (g, at 400 K)

Temperature is directly proportional to entropy, this means higher temperature leads t higher entropy.

This reaction highlights a drop in temperature which means a negative change in entropy.

methyl alcohol condenses

Condensation is the change in state from gas to liquid. Liquid particles are more ordered than gas particles so this is a negative change in entropy.

Answer:

Pb + 2H2O --> PbO2 + 2H2

Explanation:

Products:

Solid metal; PbO2

Hydrogen; H

Reactants:

Metal; Pb

Steam; H2O

Reactants --> Products

Pb + H2O --> PbO2 + H2

Upon balancing we have;

Pb + 2H2O --> PbO2 + 2H2

Answer:

The correct answer is 1332 KJ.

Explanation:

Based on the given information,  

ΔH°f of C2H4 is 51.9 KJ/mol, ΔH°O2 is 0.0 KJ/mol, ΔH°f of CO2 is -394 KJ/mol, and ΔH°f of H2O is -286 KJ/mol.  

Now the balanced equation is:  

C2H4 (g) + 3O2 (g) ⇔ 2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)

ΔH°rxn = 2 × ΔH°f CO2 + 2 × ΔH°fH2O - 1 × ΔH°fC2H4 - 3×ΔH°fO2

ΔH°rxn = 2 (-394) + 2(-286) - 1(51.9) - 3(0)

ΔH°rxn = -1411.9 KJ

Now, the given ΔS°f of C2H4 is 219.8 J/mol.K, ΔS°f of O2 is 205 J/mol.K, ΔS°f of CO2 is 213.6 J/mol.K, and ΔS°f of H2O is 69.96 J/mol.K.  

Now based on the balanced chemical reaction,  

ΔS°rxn = 2 × ΔS°fCO2 + 2 ΔS°fH2O - 1 × ΔS°f C2H4 - 3 ΔS°fO2

ΔS°rxn = 2 (213.6) + 2(69.96) - 1(219.8) -3(205)

ΔS°rxn = -267.68 J/K or -0.26768 KJ/K

T = 25 °C or 298 K

Now putting the values of ΔH, ΔS and T in the equation ΔG = ΔH-TΔS, we get

ΔG = -1411.9 - 298.0 × (-0.2677)

ΔG = -1332 KJ.  

Thus, the maximum work, which can obtained is 1332 kJ.  

Answer:

When balancing redox reactions under basic conditions in aqueous solution, the first step is to balance oxygen.

Explanation:

Oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions are those in which an electron transfer occurs between the reagents. An electron transfer implies that there is a change in the number of oxidation between the reagents and the products.

The gain of electrons is called reduction and the loss of electrons oxidation. That is to say, there is oxidation whenever an atom or group of atoms loses electrons (or increases its positive charges) and in the reduction an atom or group of atoms gains electrons, increasing its negative charges or decreasing the positive ones.

The oxidation and reduction half-reactions, in a basic medium, adjust the oxygens and hydrogens as follows:

In the member of the half-reaction that presents excess oxygen, you add as many water molecules as there are too many oxygen. Then, in the opposite member, the necessary hydroxyl ions are added to fully adjust the half-reaction. Normally, twice as many hydroxyl ions, OH-, are required as water molecules have previously been added.

In short, you first adjust the oxygens with OH-, then you adjust the H with H₂O, and finally you adjust the charge with e-

So, when balancing redox reactions under basic conditions in aqueous solution, the first step is to balance oxygen.

Answer:

c. balance the reaction as though under acidic conditions

Explanation:

When balancing redox reactions under basic conditions, a good technique is to first balance the reaction as though under acidic conditions. We then adjust the result to reflect the basic conditions.

Answer:

Explanation:

[tex]H_3O^+[/tex] also known as hydronium ion is formed as a result of the reaction between an hydrogen proton and a water molecules.

i.e [tex]\mathtt{H^+ + H_2O \to H_3O^+}[/tex]

(molecular geometry for the hydronium ion shows that the lewis structure of hydronium ion possess a three hydrogen ion bonded to a central atom known as oxygen. The oxygen possess a lone pair with a positive ion. So we have three hydrogen atoms and a lone pair attached to the oxygen. We can now say that there are four groups as the steric number in which one of them is a lone pair. This give rise to the trigonal pyramidal shape of the [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] (hydronium ion) with a bond angle of about 109,5°

Similarly, [tex]NH_3[/tex] on the other hand also known as ammonia has a shape that can be also determined by the Lewis structure.

IN ammonia,  there are three hydrogen  and a lone pairs of electron spreading out as far away from each other  from the centre nitrogen. In essence, the valence shell electron pair around hydrogens tend to repel each other. Hence, giving it a trigonal pyramidal shape.

From above the similarities between H3O and NH3 is in their molecular geometry in which both  H3O and NH3 have the same shape.

These molecules are called isoelectronic. Why?

Isoelectronic molecules are molecules having the same number of electrons and same electronic configuration  structure. As a result H3O and NH3 possess the same  number of electrons in the same orbitals and they also posses the same structure.

Answer:1 )T2=134°C   2) T2=339.48°C. 3)

P=817.59 mmHg.

Explanation:

1.Given ;

pressure, P1 of neon gas = 0.646 atm

temperature, T1 =242oC + 273=515oC

Volume, V1 =515ml

Volume V2= 407ml

temperature , T 2= ?

Solution;

And at constant pressure, the volume cools at V2=407 mL at T2=?

From ideal gas equation, PV=nRT

V/T=constant

therefore

V1/V2=T1/T2 = T2=(V2 xT1)/V1

T2=(407 mL x 515 K)/515 mL= 407K.

T2= 407K -273= 134°C.   recall 0°C=273 K)

2..Given ;

pressure, P1 of neon gas = 0.633 atm

temperature, T1 =261oC + 273=534oC

Volume, V1 =694ml

Volume V2= 796ml

temperature , T 2= ?

Solution;

And at constant pressure, the volume expands  at V2=796mL at T2=?

From ideal gas equation, PV=nRT

V/T=constant

therefore

V1/V2=T1/T2 = T2=(V2 xT1)/V1

T2=(796 mL x 534 K)/694mL= 612.48K.

T2= 612.48K -273= 339.48°C. recall 0°C=273 K

3

Given;

moles of CO2= n=0.962 mol,

temperature T=20°C=20+273 K =293 K,

volume V=21.5 L,

gas constant R at L·mmHg/mol·K= 62.3637 L mmHg mol^-1 K^-1

Using  ideal gas equation PV=nRT

P=nRT/V

P=(0.962 mol)x(62.3637mmHg mol^-1 K^-1)x(293 K)/(21.5L)

P=817.59 mmHg.