Which scientist help developed the current model of the atom which states that electrons are located in regions known as orbitals or electron clouds?
a. Neils Bohr
b. Erwin Schrodinger
c. Earnest Rutherford
d. Max Planck
e. James Cahdwick

Potential Energy is the form of energy contained in dam.

Total energy:

The total energy of each considered object is the sum of its potential energy (P.E) and kinetic energy (K.E) and is constant throughout motion. For example, at finite height, a ball has maximum potential energy and zero kinetic energy, and when released, K.E increases and becomes maximum at ground level, and P.E decreases to zero at ground level. , so the total energy increases. There is movement of the ball in the same way everywhere. The energy that an object has due to its motion is called kinetic energy, and the energy that an object has due to its position and shape is called potential energy.

Here the water dammed by the dam has a certain potential height. This means that water has latent energy because it is located far from the bottom. Therefore, water dammed up by a dam has potential energy.

Potential Energy:

In physics, potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to other objects, its own tension, electrical charge, or other factors. Common types of potential energy are the gravitational potential energy of a body, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electrical potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field. The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule, and the symbol is J.

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The amount of HCn that gives the lethal dose in a small laboratory room measuring  the density of air at is 0.00118 is 14.4 g of the HCN.

The volume of the air present in laboratory room is as :

volume of laboratory room = length × breadth × height

                                             = 12 × 15 × 8 ft³

                                              = 1440 ft³ = 4.08 × 10⁷ cm³

The mass of  air = density of air × volume of the laboratory room

                          = 0.00118 g /cm³ × 4.08 × 10⁷ cm³

                         = 48210.7 g = 48.21 kg

a) The lethal dose of HCN in the 1kg of the air = 300 × 10⁻³ g of HCN

therefore , for 48.21 kg =  300 × 10⁻³ × 48.21

                                       = 14.4 g

b) 2 moles of the HCN form the 2 moles of NaCN

molar mass of NaCN = 49 g/mol

molar mass of HCN = 27 g/mol

54 g of HCN will form 98 g of NaCN

14.4 g of HCN is consider as the lethal dose

theferfore , mass of NaCN give the lethal dose = (98 / 54 ) 14.4

                                                                               = 26.22 g

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The number of way to select people from a total of a people is a! /b!·(a-b)!

plugging in 15 for A and 6 for B

P= 15! / 6!(15-6)!

P= 1307674368000 / 720·9!

P= 1307674368000 / 362880

P= 360360

By choosing some items from a set and creating subsets, permutation and combination are two approaches to represent a group of objects. It outlines the numerous configurations for a particular set of data. Permutations are the selection of data or objects from a set, whereas combinations are the order in which they are represented. Both ideas are critical to mathematics.

Here, the differences between permutation and combination are described in detail. Here, we'll talk about both subjects with formulas, examples from everyday life, and questions that have been answered. Students can also work on the Permutation and Combination Worksheet to improve their understanding of this subject and learn shortcuts for answering additional questions.

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Answer: The hybridization that is involved in SF4 is sp3d type. Here will learn and understand how to determine SF4 hybridization. We will discuss the steps in detail.

Name of the Molecule Sulphur Tetrafluoride

Molecular Formula = SF4

Hybridization Type = sp3d

Bond Angle = 102o and 173o

Geometry = see-saw

Explanation:

In order to determine the hybridization of sulphur tetrafluoride, you have to first understand its Lewis structure and the number of valence electrons that are present. The SF4 molecule consists of a total of 34 valence electrons. Here 6 will come from sulphur and each of the four fluorine atoms will have 7 electrons.

During the formation of SF4, the sulphur atom will form bonds with each of the fluorine atoms where 8 valence electrons are used. Meanwhile, the four fluorine atoms will have 3 lone pairs of electrons in their octet which will further utilize 24 valence electrons. In addition, two electrons will be kept as lone pairs in the sulphur atom. Now we can determine sulphur’s hybridization by taking a count of the number of regions of electron density.

When bonding takes place there is a formation of 4 single bonds in sulphur and it has 1 lone pair. Looking at this, we can say that the number of regions of electron density is 5.

EXTERNAL LINKS :

https://www.chemtube3d.com/vseprshapesf4/

https://geometryofmolecules.com/sf4-lewis-structure-polarity/

If atoms were smaller, Planck's constant would be smaller.

Planck's constant is the proportionality constant  pertaining to a photon's strength to its frequency. a particle representing a quantum of mild or different electromagnetic radiation. A photon contains strength proportional to the radiation frequency however has 0 relaxation mass. The constant  offers the connection among the strength of a photon and its frequency, and through the mass-strength equivalence, the connection among mass and frequency. This constant is directly proportional to the number of atoms. therefore if atoms were smaller, Planck's constant would be smaller.

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The molar mass of caf2 is 78.075 g/mol is 4.14 x 10^ -11.

CaF2 (s) <----> Ca2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)

At equilibrium [Ca2+] = S , [F-] = 2S , where S is amount of CaF2 dissolved i.e solubility.

The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined by dividing its mass by the quantity of that compound, expressed as the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a material is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.

given S = 1.7 x 10^ -2 g/L = 0.017 g/L

we can convert g/L to mol/L by dividing S with Molar mass of CaF2

S in mol / L = (S in g/L) / ( CaF2 molar mass) = ( 0.017g/L) / ( 78.07g/mol) = 0.000218 mol /L

[F-] = 2S = 2 x ( 0.000218) = 0.000436 mol/L

now Ksp = [Ca2+] [F-]^2

= ( 0.000218 ) (0.000436 )^2

= 4.14 x 10^ -11

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There are 2 O atoms are in Ammonium acetate ( CH₃COONH₄ ).

Ammonium ( NH₄⁺ ) comes from Ammonia ( NH₃ ) :

NH₃ + H⁺ → NH₄⁺ ( Ammonium ion )

Acetate ( CH₃COO⁻ ) comes from Acetic acid ( CH₃COOH ) :

CH₃COOH → CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺

Ammonium acetate :

NH₄⁺ + CH₃COO⁻ = CH₃COONH₄

Here, Ammonium ion does not have any O atom and acetate have 2 o atoms,

0-O + 2-O = Total number of atom O

Total number of atom O = 2

So, the right option is B. 2, there are 2 O atoms are in Ammonium acetate ( CH₃COONH₄ ).

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Increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is

Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.

Boiling point is directly proportional to intermolecular forces.

The intermolecular forces present in the given molecules are.

so, as benzene is nonpolar , only weak london dispersion force is present. Hence boiling point of benzene is least among the given molecules. Benzaldehyde is polar, so dipole -dipole force is also present. But no H-bonding is present. Hence, boiling point of benzaldehyde is less than that of phenol and benzoic acid. Now, both phenol and benzoic acid is polar as well as they can form H-bonding. But phenol can only form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, but benzoic acid can form both intermolecular as well as intramolecular H bonding. So it can exist as dimer. The presence of dimer further strengthen the vander Waals dispersion forces , that increases the boiling point of Benzoic acid.

Hence increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is

Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.

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The description which explains how pollen is received is that the stigma at the top of the pistil receives pollen and is therefore denoted as option B.

This is a powdery substance produced by seed plants and it consists of one or more vegetative cells and a reproductive cell. It is involved in the production of the male gametes in plants which makes it an importgant component in the ecosystem.

During pollination by different types of agents such as birds, wind etc the pollen are dispersed in various directions in which some get to the stigma at the top of the pistil which is the female reproductive part of the plant.

This therefore leads to fertilization and a fruit is formed as a result which is therefore the reason why option B was chosen as the correct answer.

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Protein synthesis is a process that is generated within cells where different organelles and genetic components are involved through which proteins are generated.

The biosynthesis of proteins will be given by different parts, beginning with the translation of the genetic material. It will be given by different steps:

1. mRNA binds to ribosomes and the aminoacyl-tRNA to be associated to the first codon of the mRNA is associated.

2. The elongation of the polypeptide chain occurs, in which the amino acids are joined

3. The elongation is finished when the termination codons are reached.

4. The translation components are released and post-translational modifications are started.

5. The folding, glycosylation and modification of amino acids occur

6. Finally, the protein is released to generate its function

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Cations are  formed when neutral atoms lose electrons from the valence shell of an atom.

An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.

The protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral and hence the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.

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The mass of HCl dissolved in 500 ml water of HCl solution is equal to 9.78 g.

A neutralization reaction can be defined as a reaction in which an acid and base react to produce salt and water.

When HCl reacts with NaOH, the resulting salt is sodium chloride and water.

HCl    +    NaOH   →   NaCl   + H₂O

Given, the volume of NaOH solution = 20 ml

The concentration of NaOH = 0.67 M

The number of moles of NaOH = (20 /1000) ×0.67 = 0.0134

The number of moles of HCl = 0.0134 mol

The volume of HCl taken = 25 ml = 0.025 L

The concentration of HCl solution = 0.0134/0.025 = 0.536 M

The volume of HCl solution = 500 ml

The number of moles of HCl = 0.536 × 0.5 = 0.268 mol

The mass of HCl = 0.268 × 36.5 = 9.78 g

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The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.

Each electron resides in the orbital with the , in accordance with the Auf Bau Principle.

According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, an orbital can hold no more than two electrons. According to Hund's rule, electrons enter various orbitals within a single sub-level before doubling up within orbitals.

We have seen how the quantity and kind of valence electrons play a crucial role in establishing the chemical characteristics of a specific element. Due to their propensity to lose their single valence, Group 1A metals are extremely reactive.

Therefore, The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.

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Compared to the atomic arrangement of atoms in diamond, the atomic arrangement of atoms in the ultra-light material were option B: spread apart, chaotic, and spongy.

The atomic arrangement of atoms in the ultra-light material described in the question is likely to be different from that of diamond. Diamond is a very hard and rigid material, with a highly ordered and crystalline atomic structure.

In contrast, the ultra-light material is described as being "spread apart, chaotic, and spongy," which suggests that its atomic arrangement is much less organized and more disordered than that of diamond.

Therefore, based on the above, this may be due to the use of a different type of bonding between atoms, or a different arrangement of atoms within the material, which results in a less rigid and more flexible structure.

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Answer: thunderstorms

Explanation:

The density of an unknown gas is 2.00 grams per liter at 3.00 atmosphere pressure and 127oc.the molar mass of this gas is 21.87 g/mol.

given that :

density , d = 2 g/L

pressure P = 3 atm

temperature , T = 127 °C

the ideal gas equation is given as :

P V = nR T

and d = m / V

where,

m = mass

V = volume

Molar mass M = m/n

now the equation becomes :

P V / m = n R T / m

P / d = R T / M

M = d R T / P

M = ( 2 g/L × 0.082 L atm / mol K × 400.15 K ) / 3 atm

M = 21.87 g / mol

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Erwin Schrodinger is the scientist who created the present theory of the atom, which states that electrons are found in areas known as orbitals or electron clouds.

He proposed the treatment of electrons as matter waves in the quantum mechanical model of the atom. In 1926, Erwin Schrodinger created the "Electron Cloud Model." It was made up of an electron cloud with many different orbital levels surrounding a dense nucleus. He determined areas around the nucleus that are most likely to contain electrons based on his estimates. He referred to these areas as orbitals. "Lobes" are a term used to describe the likelihood of finding electrons in orbitals. This atomic model is a representation of an atom that has a small, massive nucleus that is encircled by a cloud of electrons that are travelling quickly.

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If XeF2 is polar or nonpolar based on the Lewis Structure and the molecular geometry (shape).

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Explanation:

Fermentation: When yeast is added to the dough, it begins to ferment the sugars present in the dough, producing carbon dioxide and ethanol. The carbon dioxide helps to leaven the dough, while the ethanol is mostly evaporated during baking.

Maillard reaction: During baking, the heat causes a reaction between the amino acids and sugars in the dough, producing a wide range of compounds that give bread its characteristic flavor and aroma. This reaction is known as the Maillard reaction.

Protein denaturation: The heat of baking causes the proteins in the dough to denature, or lose their native conformation. This helps to give bread its texture and structure, and also contributes to the development of its crust.

Answer: A balanced nuclear equation for the fusion of helium-4 to form carbon-12 would be:

He-4 + He-4 -> C-12 + energy

In this equation, two helium-4 atoms fuse to form a single carbon-12 atom and release energy. This process would occur in the core of the Sun once it has exhausted its supply of hydrogen and begins to fuse helium-4.

The following statement is false about crystal field theory : the color of a coordination compound is the color of light absorbed.

Crystal field theory (CFT) describes how a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution breaks degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals (anion neighbours).

Hans Bethe, a physicist, developed the crystal field theory (CFT) for crystalline solids in 1929.

The following is how Crystal Field Theory explains the colors of coordination compounds: The splitting of a d-orbital into multiple orbitals is known as crystal field splitting. When white light strikes the compound, an electron moves into a higher state, absorbing a specific wavelength of light.

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The concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes is molarity. The correct option is 4.

The molarity of a substance refers to how much of it is present in a given volume of solution (M). Molarity is the measure of how many moles of a solute are present per liter of a solution. Molarity is also referred to as a solution's molar concentration.

To find the equation for molarity, divide the volume of solvent used to dissolve the given solute by the number of moles of that solute. M = n V

Since the volume of the solution rises as the temperature rises, molarity decreases. Therefore, molarity is normally affected when therefore is a change in temperature of a solution either when it increases or decreases.

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The lactic acid has a pka equal to 3.86. the fraction of total lactic acid will be dissociated to lactate at pH 7.0 is 1.3 × 10³.

given that :

pH = 7.0

the pka value for the lactic acid = 3.86

according to the Henderson hasselbalch we get :

pH = pka + log [ H] / [HA]
substituting all the values ,we get

pH = pka + log [ H] / [HA]

7 = 3.86 + log [ H] / [HA]

log [ H] / [HA] = 3.14

[ H] / [HA] = 10 ^ 3.14

[ H] / [HA] = 1380.3

[lactate]/ [lactic acid] = 1.3 × 10³

thus, the ratio of the [lactate]/ [lactic acid] = 1.3 × 10³

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Potassium fluoride and sodium hydroxide react to produce potassium hydroxide and sodium fluoride respectively. Option 2.

Potassium fluoride and sodium hydroxide undergo a double decomposition reaction. They exchange radicals to produce potassium hydroxide and sodium fluoride respectively according to the following equation:  

[tex]KF + NaOH --- > KOH + NaF[/tex]

Potassium is able to displace sodium from sodium hydroxide because it is higher on the reactivity series of metals than sodium.

Thus, the product of the reaction of potassium fluoride and sodium hydroxide are [tex]KOH[/tex] and [tex]NaF[/tex].

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The amount of water needed to be added to prepare the solution would be 0.94 liters.

When diluting solutions, the number of moles of solutes before dilution must be equal to the number of solutes after dilution. The only thing that changes are the volume and concentration.

Thus, the equation of dilution is:

[tex]m_1v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex]

Where

In this case:

[tex]m_1[/tex] = 5 M, [tex]m_2[/tex] = 0.3 M, and [tex]v_2[/tex] = 1000 mL

Substituting:

5[tex]v_1[/tex] = 0.3 x 1000

    [tex]v_1[/tex] = 300/5

        = 60 mL

This means that the volume of the stock solution to be taken is 60 mL. The amount of water to be added would then be:

1000 - 60 = 940 mL

940 mL = 0.94 L

In other words, the amount of water needed to be added to prepare 1000 mL of 0.3M NaCl from a 5 M NaCl stock solution is 0.94 L.

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Any area that has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion must be rubbed with alcohol to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads.

This is referred to as a substance which is derived from the fermentation of sugar under anaerobic conditions and it usually has an intoxicating effect.

However, it is also used for other purposes such as skin care and is usually applied after it has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion so as to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads thereby making alcohol the correct choice in this scenario.

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n specifies B. The energy and average distance from the nucleus, l specifies C. The subshell - orbital shape, ml specifies A. The orbital orientation.

n is known Principal quantum number

l is known Azimuthal quantum number

ml is known Magnetic quantum number

The energy and usual distance from the nucleus are described by the fundamental quantum number, or n.

The subshell and orbit's shape are described by the orbital quantum number, or l.

The orbit's direction is described by the magnetic quantum number, ml.

So, n specifies B. The energy and average distance from the nucleus.

l specifies C. The subshell - orbital shape.

ml specifies A. The orbital orientation.

Thus, n specifies B., l specifies C., ml specifies A.

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992 millimoles of zinc nitrate the chemist has added to the reaction flask.

Zinc nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula Zn(NO₃)₂. This colorless, crystalline salt is extremely hydrophilic. it's generally encountered as a hexahydrate Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O. it's soluble in each water and alcohol. Zn Nitrate may be a colorless or white, odorless, crystalline (sand- like) solid or flake. it's used as a catalyst and a mordant for dyes, and in liquid plant food.

Chemists and materials scientists study substances at the atomic and molecular levels and analyze the ways that within which the substances move with each other. They use their information to develop new and improved product and to check the standard of factory-made product.

The question is incomplete, find the complete question here

A chemist adds 435.0mL of a 2.28 M zinc nitrate ZnNO32 solution to a reaction flask. Calculate the millimoles of zinc nitrate the chemist has added to the flask. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.

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Answer:

Gravity

Explanation:

The amount, in liters, of water needed to be added to prepare 1000 mL of 0.3 M NaCl from a 5 M NaCl stock solution would be 0.94 L.

According to the dilution principle, the number of moles of solutes before dilution must be equal to the number of moles of solutes after dilution. This is mathematically expressed as:

[tex]m_1v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex]

Where [tex]m_1[/tex] and [tex]m_2[/tex] are molarities before and after dilution, and [tex]v_1[/tex] and [tex]v_2[/tex] are volumes before and after dilution.

In this case, [tex]m_1[/tex] = 5 M, [tex]m_2[/tex] = 0.3 M, [tex]v_2[/tex] = 1000 mL.

Let's find [tex]v_1[/tex]:

[tex]v_1[/tex] =  [tex]m_2v_2[/tex] /[tex]m_1[/tex]

  = 0.3x1000/5

  = 60 mL

In other words, the volume of the stock solution to be taken is 60 mL. This volume has to be diluted by water to the 1000 mL mark. Thus, the amount of water to be added would be:

1000 - 60 = 940 mL

940 mL = 0.94 L

In summary, 0.94 L of water will be required to prepare the solution.

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