The term that used to represent the land, water, surface and atmosphere of the whole planet where life exists is called the biosphere. So option A is correct.
What is the biosphere?Multiple species make a population, population makes a community, the community makes an ecosystem, ecosystem makes a biome, and biome makes a biosphere.
The biospheres can be classified as:
Lithosphere: It consists of the land part of the earth. The lithosphere comprises plains, plateaus, mountains, etc.Hydrosphere: The water constituent of the earth forms the hydrosphere. It includes rivers, oceans, lakes, ponds, etc.Atmosphere: The air surrounding the earth comprising of varying gases forms the atmosphere of the earth.So biosphere is the largest unit of ecology which include the whole planet like earth in it. So option A is correct.
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Mendel always got close to a 9:3:3:1 ratio for phenotypes in the F2 generation of any dihybrid cross. If false, make it a correct statement
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
It is true that Mendel always got close to a 9:3:3:1 ratio for phenotypes in the F2 generation of any dihybrid cross. This validates his law of independent assortment of genes.
The 9:3:3:1 is usually gotten from any dihybrid cross of F2 generation. The results given are always 9 offsprings containing dominant traits, 3 offsprings each which possess a dominant and recessive trait and 1 offspring with a recessive trait.
The digestive and excretory systems
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Answer: The attachment shows the nephron which is the functional unit of the kidney.
It does the work of urine formation through 3 distinct processes.
-Ultra filtration( Small molecules are forced out of the selectively permeable membrane of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule under regulated pressure.these molecules are from the blood in the glomerulus brought in by the afferent arteriole.
- Selective reabsorption ( Useful molecule and iron such as glucose and sodium are reabsorbed back into the blood as the filtrate flows through the tubule(nephron)
-Tubular Secretion. ( Movement of molecules not filtered by the glomerulus during the initial stage of filtration back into the filtrate through the renal capillaries.
Stella's urine sample shows the presence of large protein (ULTRAFILTRATION)
John's blood test report indicates a high toxin level ( ULTRAFILTRATION AND TUBULAR SECRETION)
Miguel's blood test shows an increase in metabolic waste( ULTRAFILTRATION AND TUBULAR SECRETION)
Janice's urine report shows the presence of vital materials ( SELECTIVE REABSORPTION).
Based on fossilized evidence, there are scientific claims made about the evolution of certain species. If a scientist studying the fossils of a specific species had a hypothesis other than what was currently accepted, what steps should be taken to have the alternative hypothesis considered
Answer: For the scientist to have alternative hypothesis considered, it is imperative he takes certain steps, this steps will ascertain the scientific claims already made about the evolution of species.
Therefore,the scientist will simply test the alternative hypotheses inorder to know that they are incorrect.
This testing of hypotheses to ascertain their incorrectness is very useful in the study of fossils.
what are the problems and the challenges in classifying living things
Answer:
the problems are that there are so many different species that they aren't easy to classify.
You are tracking three loci in the fruit fly, locis A, B, and C, and want to know whether the loci are linked and if so what their physical distances are from one another as well as the physical order they are in. To find out this information you perform a three-point testcross with a fly that is heterozygous for all three alleles. The progeny of this cross are:
Complete question:
You are tracking three loci in the fruit fly, loci A, B, and C, and want to know whether the loci are linked and if so what their physical distances are from one another as well as the physical order they are in. To find out this information you perform a three-point testcross with a fly that is heterozygous for all three alleles. The progeny of this cross are:
a/a B/b C/c 389
A/a b/b c/c 410
a/a b/b C/c 39
A/a B/b c/c 44
a/a b/b c/c 77
A/a B/b C/c 83
a/a B/b c/c 6
A/a b/b C/c 5
Total 1053
(a) What is the recombination frequency between loci A and B?
(b) What is the recombination frequency between loci B and C?
(c) What is the recombination frequency between loci A and C?
(d) Are these loci linked?
(e) Demonstrate the physical arrangement of the genes on the chromosome, i.e. the order of the genes on a chromosome as well as their map distances.
(f) Write out the genotypes of the parents for this cross, indicating which alleles are linked with one another for each parent?
Answer and Explanation:
The Crossing-over frequency between two genes depends on the distance between them. A short distance between genes is a very little target for crossing-over to occur, which means that only a few of them will happen, compared with the number of events between genes that are more separated between each other. Two genes that are very close will have a few recombination events and are strongly bounded. While two separated genes will have more chances of recombination and are not bound.
To know if two genes are linked, we must observe the progeny distribution. In a tri-hybrid cross, If individuals, whos genes assort independently, are test crossed, they produce a progeny with equal phenotypic frequencies 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1. If we observe a different distribution, that is that phenotypes appear in different proportions, we can assume that genes are linked in the heterozygote parent.
In the present example, the phenotypic ratio shows different proportions than the expected ones if they were not linked.
We can recognize the parental gametes in the descendants because their phenotypes are the most frequent,
a/a B/b C/c 389
A/a b/b c/c 410
while the double recombinants are the less frequent.
a/a B/b c/c 6
A/a b/b C/c 5
And simple recombinant gametes produced by the cross, which frequencies are intermediate.
a/a b/b C/c 39
A/a B/b c/c 44
a/a b/b c/c 77
A/a B/b C/c 83
Comparing the parental and the double recombinant we will realize that they only change in the position of the alleles C/c. This suggests that the position of the gene C is in the middle of the other two genes, A and B, because in a double recombinant only the central gene changes position in the chromatid.
A------C------B
Now we will call Region I to the area between A and C and Region II to the area between C and B.
Once established the order of the genes we can calculate distances between them, and we will do it from the central gene to the genes on each side. First We will calculate the recombination frequencies, and we will do it by region. We will call P1 to the recombination frequency between A and C genes, and P2 to the recombination frequency between C and B.
P1 = (R + DR) / N
P2 = (R + DR)/ N
Where: R is the number of recombinants in each region, DR is the number of double recombinants in each region, and N is the total number of individuals. To calculate the recombination frequency, we have to know that 1% of recombinations = 1 map unit = 1cm. And that the maximum recombination frequency is always 50%.
So:
P1 = (R + DR) / N = 5 + 6 + 77 + 44 + 39 / 1053 = 171/1053 = 0.162 P2 = (R + DR)/ N = 6 + 5 + 83 / 1053 = 94/1053 = 0.089Now, to calculate the recombination frequency between the two extreme genes, A and B, we can just perform addition or a sum:
P1 + P2= Pt
0.162 + 0.089 = Pt
0.251 = Pt
The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU). The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.
P1 = 0.162 x 100 = 16.2%P2 = 0.089 x 100 = 8.9%Pt = 0.251 x 100 = 25.1 %(a) What is the recombination frequency between loci A and B? 0.251
(b) What is the recombination frequency between loci B and C? 0.089
(c) What is the recombination frequency between loci A and C? 0.162
(d) Are these loci linked? Yes. Their recombination frequency is inferior to 50% and the phenotypic rate is different from 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1
(e) Demonstrate the physical arrangement of the genes on the chromosome, i.e. the order of the genes on a chromosome as well as their map distances.
A-------------------C-----------------B
A--- 16.2 UM --C ---8.9 UM--B
A-------------25.1 UM--------------B
(f) Write out the genotypes of the parents for this cross, indicating which alleles are linked with one another for each parent?
a/a C/c B/b x A/a c/c b/b
Bile juice dose not contain any digestive enzymes yet it is essential for digestion why so ?explain
Explanation:
Although bile juice does not contain any enzymes, it contains bilirubin and biliverdin. These help to break big fat globules into small globules which is taken to pancreatic juices to be further digested. This is known as emulsification of fat. It also helps in secretion of lipase. Thus it plays an important role because majority of the fat digestion process is carried out by it.
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Indicate which of the following statements is TRUE. Group of answer choices Covalent bonds connect nucleotides in a strand; noncovalent interactions hold strands into a double-stranded structure. Uracil is similar to thymine except that uracil lacks a methyl group on the carbon at position 5 on the carbon-nitrogen ring. Frederick Griffith demonstrated that a transforming chemical from dead bacteria could change the genetic information of living bacteria. The pyrimidine bases in nucleic acids are cytosine, thymine, and uracil. All of the above statements are true.
Answer:
The answer is "All of the above statements are true".
Explanation:
In the given-question all choices were true, which can be defined as follows:
The covalent bonds are linked to a range of nucleic acids. Non-covalent encounters involve a dual washed ashore system. The Uracil is just the same as pyrimidines, except that at position 5 throughout the carbohydrate ring it lacks in the methyl group in carbon. Frederick-Griffith proved a possible change throughout the genetic material of bacterial cells with both the morphing chemical from dead bacterial cells. Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidine fundamentals in nucleic acids.choose the animal belonging to pisces group: silver fish, sea horse,dolphin, lobster. answer asap! thx
Answer:
The correct answer is
Explanation:
Lobster is the answer. People eat lobster in pieces which we call as lobster piece.
Hope this helps....
Have a nice day!!!!
Motor vehicles move, use energy and produce carbon dioxide and water. similar characteristics occur in living organisms yet motor vehicles are not classified as living. list the other characteristics of living that do not occur in motor vehicles
Explanation:
Motor vehicles don't
#produce;
#grow;
#Respond to stimuli/ irritability;
The characteristics of living that a motor vehicle lacks include the ability to feed, respond to stimuli, grow, reproduce, and die.
Living organisms carry out nutrition, unlike motor vehicles.
Living organisms are able to respond to external stimuli but motor vehicles cannot.
Living organisms are able to grow/increase in size, motor vehicles have fixed sizes.
Living organisms have the capacity to reproduce for continuity, motor vehicles lack this ability.
After some time, living organisms die, motor vehicles do not die naturally.
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Use this list of technical steps for the following question: 1. Two cells were fused using a small electrical current. 2. An embryo was implanted into a "surrogate mother". 3. All nuclear DNA was removed from a sperm. 4. A cell was taken from an adult sheep. 5. All nuclear DNA was removed from an egg. What is the order of events in producing a cloned animal
Answer:
The correct order of events would be - 4, 5, 1 and 2.
Explanation:
In the process of producing the cloned there are various steps are involved. Carrying out these steps in order is essential to produce the cloned animal. These steps are in correct order are given as follows-
4. A cell was taken from an adult sheep or the animal that is desired to be cloned.
5. All nuclear DNA was removed from an egg of the sheep.
1. two distinct cells of the animal were fused together with the help of electrical current.
2. the embryo formed by fusing the cells now implanted into a surrogate mother.
It corresponds to the formula of an acid oxide and a basic oxide:
Select one:
A. P2O3 y BaO
B. Mag y N2O5
C. FeO Y SO3
D. HNO y CaO
Answer:
P2O3 y BaO
Explanation:
The oxides of the main group metals are basic in nature. They form alkaline solutions when dissolved in water. Similarly, the oxides of main group non metals form acidic solutions when dissolved in water.
P2O5 is an oxide of a main group nonmetallic element in group 15. We expect this oxide to be acidic and form acids when dissolved in water as expected from the chemistry of the group.
Also, BaO is an oxide of barium, a group two main group metal. Hence we expect this oxide to be basic in nature and form alkaline solutions.
2) Micah and Taylor investigate the effect of tap water and spring water on the growth of plants.
They grew two plants of the same type and size in separate containers. Every three days, they
added the same amount of tap water to one plant and the same amount of spring water to the
other. Describe an action that would best improve the reliability of their results?
Answer:
To improve the reliability of the results, the nutritional component of each category of water must be tested and recorded.
Second, the experiment should be carried out under greenhouse conditions.
The above actions will afford more control. When an experiment is controlled, it means that except for the dependent variable, all other variables are kept constant by the scientist.
By performing the experiment under greenhouse conditions, the kind of water the plants receive, temperature and other biotic actors are kept within measurable limits thus increasing the reliability of the results.
Cheers!
how does root pressure move water
Answer:
Root pressure is caused by the accumulation of water in the xylem pushing on the rigid cells
Technology has affected society by causing radical changes in how people live. For example, e-mail on the computer has changed the way we communicate with the world. Describe another example of how technology has changed how people live
Answer: the modern production of the cars change the way of transportation
Modern houses change the way where people locate
Another example of how technology has changed how people live is the widespread use of smartphones and mobile applications.
Smartphones have become an integral part of daily life for many people, revolutionizing the way we communicate, access information, and carry out various tasks.
Some ways in which smartphones and mobile applications have transformed our lives:
1. Communication: Smartphones have made communication more convenient and accessible. With features like instant messaging, video calls, and social media apps, people can easily connect with others regardless of their location.
2. Information Access: Smartphones provide instant access to a vast amount of information through the internet. With a few taps on a smartphone screen, people can search for news, look up facts, find directions, or access educational resources.
3. Online Shopping: E-commerce platforms and mobile shopping apps have revolutionized the way people shop. With smartphones, individuals can browse and purchase products or services from anywhere, anytime.
These are just a few examples of how smartphones and mobile applications have significantly changed the way we live.
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Classify the events according to the gas they primarily contribute to the atmosphere.
#1 goes to methane, #2 goes to oxygen,#3 goes to carbon dioxide,#4 goes to carbon dioxide. make sure you double check.
Explanation:
A plant can produce oxygen sufficient for the consumption of four people whereas carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant is more than forty-eight pounds. The total release of carbon dioxide by livestock is 15 % of the greenhouse gas production whereas methane production is 155-264 pounds. When a forest fire happens it releases a massive amount of carbon dioxide which is around 1.8 million tons.
What are greenhouse gases?Greenhouse gases are gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, CFCs, and HFCs. They have impacted the atmosphere negatively. The concentration of these gases is highly rising in the atmosphere at an alarming rate. These gases trap the heat of the sun and do not leak out.
Therefore, the emission of greenhouse gases should be monitored.
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land environments are different than water environments
true
false
Answer:
true
Explanation:
because land environment is different from water environment .
Hope it help you
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Here is a easy question summary the Interphase, prophase metaphase, anaphase and telophase step by step for each of the phase
Answer:
Interphase:
The DNA is present as uncondensed chromatin, which is not visible under a microscope. The DNA is contained within a clearly defined nucleus . Centrosomes and other organelles have been duplicated , and the cell is enlarged in preparation for division .
Prophase:
The DNA supercoils and chromosomes condense, becoming visible under a microscope). The chromosomes are comprised of genetically identical sister chromatids, which are joined at a centromere). Paired centrosomes then move to the opposite poles of the cell and form microtubule spindle fibers , the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the nucleus dissolves .
Metaphase:
The microtubule spindle fibers from both centrosomes connect to the centromere of each chromosome , microtubule depolymerisation causes spindle fibers to shorten in length and contract , causing chromosomes to align along the center of the cell.
Anaphase:
The continued contraction of the spindle fibers cause genetically identical sister chromatids to separate . Once the chromatids separate, they are individual chromosomes. The genetically identical chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell .
Telophase:
Once the two chromosome sets arrive at the poles, spindle fibers dissolve and chromosomes decondense, becoming invisible under light microscopes. Nuclear membranes reform around each chromosome set , and cytokinesis occurs concurrently, splitting the cell into two separate cells.
What substances transported by plants 1) xylem vessels and trachieds? 2) sieve tubes of phloem?
Answer:
Explanation:
xylem vessels transport water and nutrient from roots to the other parts of the plant
trachieds are elongated in the xylem of vascular plant that play role in the transport of water and mineral salt
seive tube are the elongated living cells of the phloem in the flowering plant they are the conduits of food (mostly sugar) transport
how bone tissue and muscle tissue interact
Answer:
The bone tissue and muscle tissues interact for the system is more complex than components system is separately.
Explanation: Bone tissue and muscle tissue responsible for communication between bone and muscle is to research potential especially bone and muscle.
That they are bone and muscle are concept that bone and communicate biochemical and complementary and work bone and muscle in health and disease.
The bone and muscle in the viewed as that mechanical nature, bone simply the attachment sites, this is much more complex bone and muscle.
Development to the bone and muscle cells only a common experience a tightly networks of genes.
The muscle and bone regarding review article major goal of loading, bone and muscle relation mechanical coupling, and is also earliest muscle factors, bones are not through of as the pituitary adrenals, bone endocrine organ .
what are the methods used in biodegrable waste managment? plz amswer i will give brainliest if u answer im using my last points
Answer:
The different types of waste are urban, industrial, agricultural, biomedical, and radioactive wastes.
Methods used within biodegradable waste management are composting, landfilling, incineration, recycling and plasma gasification.
Explanation:
Answer:
Composting. Since biodegradable or organic wastes like vegetable peels, waste food, leaves, dead flowers, and egg shells can be recycled, they are converted into manure by burying them in compost pits.
Explanation:
what is the balanced equation for photosynthesis.
In your opinion, how do you think Lamarck's ideas were taken? justifies
Answer:
they considered valid but a certain idea of acquired characteristics being inherited was rejected
Explanation:
his theory was that if the environment demanded a need or use of a structure in an organism it developed it in response to demand leading to natural use or disuse of structures which he said that these new structures would be passed to their offspring leading to emergence of a new species. scientists accepted that the environment has a role in directing phenotypic changes in an individual taking a body builder for example since his muscles will become huge due to continuous use of the muscles in exercises
but scientists rejected his theory of these acquired characteristics were inherited since phenotypically acquired characteristics that do not affect the genotype of an individual can't be inherited
When did coronavirus started and where wil mark brainliest
Explanation:
Wuhan chine in November
hope this helps
Which ecosystem service would suffer from the opening of a mineral mine along a small mountain range?
A. Cultural
B. Provisioning
C. Regulating
D. Supporting
Answer:
D. Supporting
Explanation:
Ecosystem services include provisioning, regulating, culture and supporting services.
Opening of a mineral mine along a small mountain range will affect the supporting services of ecosystem because supporting services deals with soil formation, provision of habitat and nutrition cycle.
Opening of mineral mine will destroy the tosoil, landscape, forests and wildlife of mountain area which affect the supporting services such as habitat and soil formation.
Hence, the correct answer is "D. supporting".
what is one property of viruses that makes it difficult to cure viral infection
what is the uses of forest
Answer:
Forests are increasingly managed for a variety of uses and values, often in combination. ... Forests and trees outside forests provide many different products, ranging from timber and fuelwood to food (berries, mushrooms etc.), fodder, and other non-wood forest products.
Do you think cystic fibrosis or muscular dystrophy, genetic disorder, would show up in a person's DNA fingerprint profile? Explain your Reason Please.
Answer:
we can find such type of genetic disorders through pedigree chart.
Explanation:
cystic fibrosis is a Autosomal recessive disease
Muscular dystrophy is a Autosomal dominant disease.we can see them by observing the next generations going on .we can't find them in person's DNA fingerprint profile.
I WILL GIFT BRAINLIEST FOR THE RIGHT ANSWER!! In the following reaction, if you wanted to produce more chlorine gas (Cl2), what should you do? (2 points) 4HCl + O2 ⇄ 2H2O + Cl2
Answer:
B. the rate of forward reaction increases .
Place the 4 steps of biofilm formation, listed below, in the correct order.
1. Surface (substratum) is preconditioned by environmental molecules.
2. Quorum sensing and the establishment of the extracellular matrix commences as microbes attach more stably.
3. Biofilm matures and some microorganisms escape to the planktonic state.
4. Microbes attach and detach from the preconditioned surface.
Answer:
1. Surface (substratum) is preconditioned by environment molecules.
4. Microbes attach and detach from the preconditioned surface.
2.Quorum sensing and the establishment of the extracellular matrix commences as microbes attach more stably.
3. Biofilm matures and some microorganisms escape to the plank-tonic state.
Explanation:
Biofilm is a process in which microorganism irreversibly attach and grow on the surface to produce extra cellular polymers that facilitate formation of matrix. The biofilm process takes three days for the formation after which thickness of plaque increases. There are 4 main steps in biofilm formation. Surface is preconditioned by environment molecules. The microbes attach the preconditioned surface. Establishment of extra cellular matrix and finally biofilm matures.
Redactar un ensayo reconociendo y valorando nuestra identidad, patrimonio histórico y cultural:
La respuesta correcta para esta pregunta abierta es la siguiente.
Desafortunadamente no mencionas el país donde vives, para redactar el ensayo tomando en cuenta los valores y cultura de ese país. Sin embargo, te pongo el ejemplo de mi país. Tu ajusta las ideas al tuyo. Deseo que te sirva.
Uno de los más grandes atributos que tenemos los Mexicanos es nuestra reconocida variedad cultural, lo cual nos da una identidad única en el mundo.
Somo un país con una de las historias más ricas del planeta, ya que somos descendientes de civilizaciones tan antiguas como la Olmeca y la Tolteca, además de los grandes imperios Maya y Azteca, dos grandes culturas de Mesoamérica.
Cada región en los 32 estados del país, es un México diferente. Lo que nos une es esa preciosa bandera tricolor, con nuestro símbolo patrio: un águila devorando una serpiente.
Somos un país donde se encuentran muchos de los sitios arqueológicos más importantes de las civilizaciones antiguas. Por ejemplo, el mundo Maya: Chichen Itza(petrimonio de la Humanidad por parte de la UNESCO), Palenque, Uxmal, Tulum, entre muchos otros. O el sitio arqueológico de Cholula, con la pirámide cuya nase es la más grande del mundo. En Oaxaca está el sitio arequológico de Monte Albán. Y por su puesto, la gran ciudad de los dioses, Teotihuacán, con sus imponentes pirámides del Sol, la Luna, y el Quetzalcoatl.
Nuestra comida es reconocidamundialmente por su sasón, sabor, y variados ingredientes. La Yucateca y sus papatzules o huevos motuleños. ¡Qué decir de la cochinita pibil! La Poblana con su riquísimo mole, cemitas o chalupas. El cabrito en el estado de Nuevo León. En fin, no hay estado en donde no haya una receta propia para cocinar enchiladas, tacos, sopes, tlacoyos, huaraches, tostadas, tlayudas, o tamales.
No cabe duda que los Mexicanos nos sentimos orgullosos de 600 años de historia, luchas, independencia y la solidaridad que nos caracteriza como país.
