Why ethanol is used in pectin extraction

Answer:

Scientific method.

Explanation:

Scientific method is the way taken to acquire scientific knowledge. It includes experiments, statistical analysis of existing data, and all kinds of observations of the world around us, while theoretical research is based on deriving certain theories about the world from basic principles, in a mathematical or logical way. The scientific method applies to both types of research, and emphasizes that scientific research is objective, that it can be verified by other scientists, and that knowledge is not acquired without context, but in a way that leads to a greater understanding of previous research and the world. we live in. To contribute to this, researchers are expected to clearly record both their findings and the methods they use to arrive at the results.

Explanation:

Saturated fats are defined as the fat where fatty acid chains contain only single bonds.

For example, stearic acid, palmitic acid etc.

Unsaturated fats are defined as the fat where fatty acids contain one or more number of double bonds on the carbon atoms.

For example, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid etc.

Answer:

43.0 L

Explanation:

Step 1: Given and required data

Step 2: Calculate the volume of the flask (V)

We will use the ideal gas equation.

P × V = n × R × T

V = n × R × T / P

V = 1.99 mol × (0.0821 atm.L/mol.K) × 313 K / 1.19 atm = 43.0 L

The answer is 4.30 L

Answer:

The answer is Iron.

Explanation:

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Acids have sour taste, low pH and dissolves metals.

The list that describes the characteristics of an acid is that it has sour taste, low pH, and dissolves metals.

An acid is a chemical substance that has the ability to donate hydrogen ions when involved in a chemical reaction.

The following are the characteristics or features of an acid:

Therefore, the list that describes the characteristics of an acid is that it has sour taste, low pH, and dissolves metals.

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Answer:

2.89x10⁻⁵M = [HPO₄²⁻]

Explanation:

The equilibrium of H3PO4 in water occurs H2PO4-:

H3PO4(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ H3O⁺(aq) + H2PO4⁻(aq)

pKa = 2.16. And as pKa = -log Ka; Ka = 10^-2.16

Ka = 6.9183x10⁻³ = [H3O⁺] [H2PO4⁻] / [H3PO4]

As both [H3O⁺] and [H2PO4⁻] comes from the same equilibrium,

[H3O⁺]=[H2PO4⁻] :

[H3O⁺] = X

[H2PO4⁻] = X

[H3PO4] = 0.042 - X

Where X is reaction coordinate

Replacing:

6.9183x10⁻³ = [X] [X] / [0.042 - X]

6.9183x10⁻³ = X² / 0.042 - X

2.905686x10⁻⁴ - 6.9183x10⁻³X - X² = 0

Solving for X:

X = -0.02M. False solution. There is no negative concentration.

X = 0.014M. Right solution

[H2PO4⁻] = 0.014M

In the second equilibrium:

H2PO4⁻(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ HPO4-(aq) + H3O+(aq)

Based on the same principles of the last equilibrium:

pKa2 = 7.21

Ka2 = 6.166x10⁻⁸ = [HPO4-] [H3O+] / [H2PO4⁻]

[HPO4-] = X

[H3O+] = X

[H2PO4⁻] = 0.014M - X

6.166x10⁻⁸ = X² / [0.014M - X]

8.3623x10⁻¹⁰ - 6.166x10⁻⁸X - X² = 0

Solving for X:

X = -0.0000289485. False solution.

X =

answer; 1/ 20_2[2-] +2e - ->0.

Answer:

E°(Ag⁺/Fe°) = 0.836 volt

Explanation:

3Ag⁺ + 3e⁻ => Ag°;            E° = +0.800 volt

Fe° => Fe⁺³ + 3e⁻ ;             E° = -0.036 volt

_________________________________

Fe°(s) + 3Ag⁺(aq) => Fe⁺³(aq) + 3Ag°(s) ...    

E°(Ag⁺/Fe°) = E°(Ag⁺) - E°(Fe°) = 0.800v - ( -0.036v) = 0.836 volt

Answer:

Explanation:

The density of pure water is 1 gram per 1 milliliter or one cubic cm. By knowing the density of water we can use it in dilution equations or to calculate the specific gravity of other solutions.

It can also help us determine what other substances are made of using the water displacement experiment. This is done by observing how much water is displaced when an object is submerged in the water. As long as you know the density of the water, the mass of the object being submerged and the volume of increase you can calculate the density of the object.

This was done by the great Archimedes in discovering what composed the kings crown.

Answer:

Identify a process that is NOT reversible.

Melting of snow

baking of bread

deposition of carbon dioxide

freezing water

melting of aluminum

Explanation:

A physical change is the one in which there is a change only in its physical state, color, the appearance of the substance. But the chemical composition of the substance remains unchanged.

It is a temporary change and can be reversed easily.

For example:

melting, freezing, deposition etc.

Baking is a permanent change and the chemical composition of the substance changes.

Hence, among the given options, baking of bread is not a reversible change.

Out of the following all are physical changes except baking of bread and physical changes are reversible so the process  which is not reversible is baking of bread.

Physical changes are defined as changes which affect only the form of a substance but not it's chemical composition. They are used to separate mixtures in to chemical components but cannot be used to separate compounds to simpler compounds.

Physical changes are always reversible using physical means and involve a change in the physical properties.Examples of physical changes include melting,boiling , change in texture, size,color,volume and density.Magnetism, crystallization, formation of alloys are all reversible and hence physical changes.

They involve only rearrangement of atoms and are often characterized to be changes which are reversible.

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Answer: the molecular formula of  trioxide is ClOClO3 or Cl2O4

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Answer:

both

Explanation:

A homolytic fission is said to have occurred when the breakage of a bond between two atoms leaves each of the bonding atoms with equal number of electrons. Homolytic fission often results in the creation of radicals.

Since homolytic fission yields two species with equal number of electrons(usually odd number of electrons), the products of such process can not be charged. They can not be nucleophiles because nucleophiles need to possess two electrons which can be shared with another chemical specie.

Answer:

For (1): The correct option is (a)

For (2): The correct option is (a) and 333.6 kJ of heat will be absorbed when 70.9 g of ammonia reacts.

Explanation:

There are 2 types of reactions that are classified based on enthalpy change:

Endothermic reactions: These are the reactions where heat is absorbed by the reaction. The change in enthalpy of the reaction, [tex]\Delta H_{rxn}[/tex] is positive for these reactions.

Exothermic reactions: These are the reactions where heat is released by the reaction. The change in enthalpy of the reaction, [tex]\Delta H_{rxn}[/tex] is negative for these reactions.

For the given chemical reaction:

[tex]2NH_3(g)\rightarrow N_2(g)+3H_2(g);Delta H=160kJ[/tex]

As the change in enthalpy or heat of the reaction is positive. Thus, the reaction is an endothermic reaction because heat is absorbed by the reaction.

When ammonia reacts, some amount of heat will be absorbed by the reaction. Thus, we can say the heat will be absorbed.

The number of moles is calculated by using the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ......(1)

Given mass of ammonia = 70.9 g

Molar mass of ammonia = 17 g/mol

Using equation 1:

[tex]\text{Moles of ammonia}=\frac{70.9g}{17g/mol}=4.17mol[/tex]

By stoichiometry of the reaction:

If 2 mole of ammonia reacts, the heat absorbed is 160 kJ

So, if 4.17 moles of ammonia reacts, the heat absorbed will be = [tex]\frac{160kJ}{2mol}\times 4.17mol=333.6kJ[/tex]

Hence, 333.6 kJ of heat will be absorbed when 70.9 g of ammonia reacts

Answer:

1.17 L of H₂

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole in 2.3 g of Mg. This can be obtained as follow:

Mass of Mg = 2.3 g

Molar mass of Mg = 24 g/mol

Mole of Mg =?

Mole = mass /molar mass

Mole of Mg = 2.3 / 24

Mole of Mg = 0.096 mole

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of H₂ produced by the reaction of 2.3 g (i.e 0.096 mole) of Mg. This can be obtained as follow:

Mg + 2HCl —> MgCl₂ + H₂

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of Mg reacted to 1 mole of H₂.

Therefore, 0.096 mole of Mg will also react to produce 0.096 mole of H₂.

Finally, we shall determine volume of H₂ produced from the reaction. This can be obtained as follow:

Number of mole (n) of H₂ = 0.096 mole

Pressure (P) = 2 atm

Temperature (T) = 298 K

Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol

Volume (V) of H₂ =?

PV = nRT

2 × V = 0.096 × 0.0821 × 298

Divide both side by 2

V = (0.096 × 0.0821 × 298) /2

V = 1.17 L

Therefore, 1.17 L of H₂ were obtained from the reaction.

Answer:

n = 2.23 moles

Explanation:

Given the following data;

Standard temperature = 273 K

Standard pressure = 101.325 kPa

Volume = 50 liter

R = 8.314 J/mol·K  

To find the number of moles, we would use the ideal gas law formula;

PV = nRT

Where;

Making n the subject of formula, we have;

[tex] n = \frac {PV}{RT} [/tex]

Substituting into the formula, we have;

[tex] n = \frac {101.325*50}{8.314*273} [/tex]

[tex] n = \frac {5066.25}{2269.722} [/tex]

n = 2.23 moles

Therefore, 2.23 moles of carbon dioxide at STP will fit in a 50 liter container.

Answer:

Mg3N2

Explanation:

it would be magnesium as it would loss to electron so it would have 10 electron. you can see in the picture above .

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The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

What functional group results when cyclopentanone reacts with ethylamine in the presence of trace acid? A) cyanohydrin B) semicarbazone C) imine D) enamine E) oxime

Answer:

imine

Explanation:

An imine is an unsaturated amine. An imine contains the carbon- nitrogen double bond.

Imines are obtained when a carbonyl compound is condensed with NH3 or an amine. The reaction involves several steps in its mechanism.

Since cyclopentanone is a ketone (carbonyl compound) and ethylamine is an amine,in the presence of trace acid, condensation of the two compounds occur to yield an imine

Answer:

indicates the number of subshells

Answer:

all light waves can be described in terms of their speed, frequency and wavelength

Explanation:

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Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds between the individual carbon atoms, while in unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature and from animal sources, while unsaturated fats are usually liquid and from plant sources.

Answer:

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Answer:

Draw the skeletal structure for: (E)-hept-5-en-2-one

Explanation:

The root word hept indicates that the given compound has seven carons in its longest chain.

-en- primary suffix indicates that the compound has one double bond in it.

2-one indicates that the compound has -C=O bond in the second carbon.

The prefix (E) indicates that the highest priority groups are on the opposite direction of the double bond.

The structure of the given molecule is:

Answer:

qualatatiev is fs-hj_jakakak

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The length of covalent bond depends upon the size of atoms and the bond order.

Answer:

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Answer: A bromine radical is more stable than chlorine radical, so it is less reactive and more choosy.

Explanation:

A chlorine atom being more electronegative in nature is able to attract a hydrogen atom more readily towards itself as compared to a bromine atom.

Since bromine is less electronegative in nature so bromine will be more selective as a hydrogen abstracting agent. As a result, bromine radical is more stable in nature than chlorine radical.

Thus, we can conclude that bromine radical is more stable than chlorine radical, so it is less reactive and more choosy.

Answer:

19000 torr

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Initial volume (V₁) = 0.150 L

Initial pressure (P₁) = 1520 torr

Final volume (V₂) = 0.012 L

Temperature = constant

Final pressure (P₂) =?

The final pressure of the gas can be obtained by using the Boyle's law equation as illustrated below:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

1520 × 0.150 = P₂ × 0.012

228 = P₂ × 0.012

Divide both side by 0.012

P₂ = 228 / 0.012

P₂ = 19000 torr

Thus, the final pressure of the gas is 19000 torr

Answer:

Lower than

Higher than

Explanation:

The vapour pressure and boiling point of liquids are inversely related. Thus, the higher the vapour pressure of a liquid, the lower it's boiling point. Lower vapour pressure implies that the liquid is easily converted into vapour phase.

If hexane has a higher vapour pressure than water then its boiling point is lower than that of water and its vapor pressure when it is boiling will be higher than water when water is boiling.

Answer:

3 > 2> 1

Explanation:

Aromatic compounds undergo electrophilic substitution reaction with several electrophiles.

Some substituted benzenes are more reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution than unsubstituted benzene.

Certain groups of substituents increase the ease with which an aromatic compound undergoes aromatic substitution.

If we look at the compounds closely, we will notice that only toluene leads to easy reaction with CH3Cl / AlCl3. Thus is due to the +I inductive effect of -CH3 which stabilizes the negatively charged intermediate produced in the reaction.

Answer:

6.023*10^23........ .......