Why were metal Coins suitable by then​

Answer:

The coinage metals comprise, at a minimum, those metallic chemical elements which have historically been used as components in alloys used to mint coins. The term is not perfectly defined, however, since a number of metals have been used to make "demonstration coins" which have never been used to make monetized coins for any nation-state, but could be. Some of these elements would make excellent coins in theory (for example, zirconium), but their status as coin metals is not clear. In general, because of problems caused when coin metals are intrinsically valuable as commodities, there has been a trend in the 21st century toward use of coinage metals of only the least exotic and expensive types.

Explanation:

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Cynthia, a sole proprietor, was engaged in a service business and reported her income on the cash basis. On February 1, 2013, she incorporates her business as Dove Corporation and transfers the assets of the business to the corporation in return for all of the stock in addition to the corporation’s assumption of her proprietorship’s liabilities. All of the receivables and the unpaid trade payables are transferred to the newly formed corporation. The balance sheet of the corporation immediately after its formation is as follows:
Dove Corporation
Balance Sheet
February 1, 2013
Assets
Basis to Dove Fair Market Value
Cash $ 80,000 $ 80,000
Accounts receivable 0 240,000
Equipment (cost $180,000; 120,000 320,000
depreciation previously claimed $60,000)
Building (straight-line depreciation) 160,000 400,000
Land 40,000 160,000
Total $400,000 $1,200,000
Liabilities and Stockholder’s Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable—trade $ 120,000
Notes payable—bank 360,000
Stockholder’s equity:
Common stock 720,000
Total $1,200,000
Discuss the tax consequences of the incorporation of the business to Cynthia and to Dove Corporation.

Contribution Margin and Contribution Margin Ratio
For a recent year, McDonald's company-owned restaurants had the following sales and expenses (in millions):
Sales $18,169.3
Food and packaging $ 6,129.7
Payroll 4,756.0
Occupancy (rent, depreciation, etc.) 4,402.6
General, selling, and administrative expenses 2,487.9
$17,776.2
Income from operations $ 393.1
Assume that the variable costs consist of food and packaging, payroll, and 40% of the general, selling, and administrative expenses.
a. What is McDonald's contribution margin? Round to the nearest tenth of a million (one decimal place).
b. What is McDonald's contribution margin ratio? Round to one decimal place.
c. How much would income from operations increase if same-store sales increased by $500 million for the coming year, with no change in the contribution margin ratio or fixed costs? Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a million (one decimal place).

Bob lives in Philadelphia and runs a business that sells guitars. In an average year, he receives $704,000 from selling guitars. Of this sales revenue, he must pay the manufacturer a wholesale cost of $404,000; he also pays wages and utility bills totaling $286,000. He owns his showroom; if he chooses to rent it out, he will receive $3,000 in rent per year. Assume that the value of this showroom does not depreciate over the year. Also, if Bob does not operate this guitar business, he can work as an accountant, receive an annual salary of $20,000 with no additional monetary costs, and rent out his showroom at the $3,000 per year rate. No other costs are incurred in running this guitar business.
Identify each of Charles's costs in the following table as either an implicit cost or an explicit cost of selling guitars
Implicit Cost Explicit Cost
1. The wholesale cost for the guitars that Charles pays the manufacturer
2. The wages and utility bills that Charles pays
3. The salary Charles could earn if he worked as an accountant
4. The rental income Charles could receive if he chose to rent out his showroom
Complete the following table by determining Charles's accounting and economic profit of his guitar business.
Profit (Dollars)
Accounting Profit
Economic Profit

Eva received $68,000 in compensation payments from JAZZ Corp. during 2018. Eva incurred $13,500 in business expenses relating to her work for JAZZ Corp. JAZZ did not reimburse Eva for any of these expenses. Eva is single and she deducts a standard deduction of $12,000. Based on these facts answer the following questions: Use Tax Rate Schedule for reference.
a. Assume that Eva is considered to be an employee. What amount of FICA taxes is she required to pay for the year?
b. Assume that Eva is considered to be an employee. What is her regular income tax liability for the year?
c. Assume that Eva is considered to be a self-employed contractor. What is her self-employment tax liability and additional Medicare tax liability for the year?

Dmitri doesn't like Val, one of his coworkers. Dmitri started to send an e-mail to his workgroup, falsely accusing Val of stealing company supplies. Before clicking "Send," Dmitri reread his message. He decided to delete the message instead of sending it, fearing that his work team members might consider his e-mail to be inappropriate. Which ethical consideration did Dmitri use in his decision to behave in a principled manner?
A) Publicity Test
B) Common Good approach
C) Professional Ethic
D) Utilitarian approach

Use Annual Cost Analysis to determine whether Alternative A or B should be chosen. The analysis period is 5 years. Assume an interest rate of 6% per year, compounded annually Alternative A Alternative B Initial Cost 2800 6580 Annual Benefit 450 940 Salvage Value 500 1375 Useful Life (yrs) 5 5 Group of answer choices Alternative A should be chosen, because its initial cost is lower than Alternative B's Alternative A should be chosen, because its equivalent annual cost is $252.15 lower than Alternative B's Alternative B should be chosen, because its annual benefit is higher than Alternative A's Alternative B should be chosen, because its equivalent annual cost is $252.15 higher than Alternative A's

Some hoodlums who have been earning money by stealing copper pipes and cable and selling them to recyclers are driving around one evening when they spot an unattended strange-looking building sitting out in the middle of a field, break in, and steal all of the copper wire they can haul in their truck, disabling the VOR air navigation facility.

Required:
In addition to trespassing, breaking and entering, and burglary, have they committed any aviation-specific federal crimes? If so, identify each such crime(s) and describe the penalties.

Elizabeth reports the following items for the current year: Nonbusiness capital gains $ 5,000 Nonbusiness capital losses (3,000) Interest income 3,000 Itemized deductions (including a $20,000 casualty loss in a Federal disaster area) (27,000) In calculating Elizabeth's net operating loss and with respect to these amounts only, what amount must be added back to taxable income (loss)

Windsor, Inc. decided to establish a petty cash fund to help ensure internal control over its small cash expenditures. The following information is available for the month of April.
1. On April 1, it established a petty cash fund in the amount of $268.
2. A summary of the petty cash expenditures made by the petty cash custodian as of April 10 is as follows. Delivery charges paid on merchandise purchased $76 Supplies purchased and used 41 Postage expense 49 I.O.U. from employees 33 Miscellaneous expense 52 The petty cash fund was replenished on April 10. The balance in the fund was $8.
3. The petty cash fund balance was increased $116 to $384 on April 20.
Prepare the journal entries to record transactions related to petty cash for the month of April.
april 1
pety cash 342 (d)
cash 342 (c)
april 10
???????????????????? 72 (d)
miscellaneous expense 48 (d)
postage expense 52 (d)
accounts recievable 29 (d)
???????????????????
??????????????????
??????????????????
petty cash ??
cash ??

4. Between January 2012 and January 2019, U.S. employment
increased by 17.3 million workers, but the number of
unemployed workers declined by only 6.3 million. How are
these numbers consistent with each other? Why might one
expect a reduction in the number of people counted as
unemployed to be smaller than the increase in the number of
people employed?

Prescott gave land to his aunt, Janice. Prescott's basis in the land was $45,000, and its fair market value at the date of the gift was $62,000. Janice borrowed $40,000 from a bank; she used the funds to improve the property. She sold the property to Marshall for $220,000. Marshall paid Janice $80,000 in cash, assumed her $30,000 mortgage, and agreed to pay $110,000 in two years. Janice's selling expenses were $2,000. Marshall is going to pay adequate interest.
a. Janice's basis in the land at the time of the sale is __________.
b. When computing her realized gain, what amount does Janice use as the selling price and as the contract price?
Contract price:__________.
c. Janice's total realized gain on the sale is $fill in the blank 4, but her recognized gain in the year of the sale is ________.

Forten Company's current year income statement, comparative balance sheets, and additional information follow. For the year, (1) all sales are credit sales, (2) all credits to Accounts Receivable reflect cash receipts from customers, (3) all purchases of inventory are on credit, (4) all debits to Accounts Payable reflect cash payments for inventory, and (5) Other Expenses are paid in advance and are initially debited to Prepaid Expenses.
FORTEN COMPANY
Comparative Balance Sheets
December 31
Current Year Prior Year
Assets
Cash $ 66,400 $ 84,500
Accounts receivable 82,380 61,625
Inventory 292,156 262,800
Prepaid expenses 1,320 2,115
Total current assets 442,256 411,040
Equipment 146,500 119,000
Accum. depreciation—Equipment (42,125) (51,500)
Total assets $ 546,631 $ 478,540
Liabilities and Equity
Accounts payable $ 64,141 $ 131,175
Short-term notes payable 13,300 8,200
Total current liabilities 77,441 139,375
Long-term notes payable 59,500 59,750
Total liabilities 136,941 199,125
Equity
Common stock, $5 par value 179,250 161,250
Paid-in capital in excess of par, common stock 54,000 0
Retained earnings 176,440 118,165
Total liabilities and equity $ 546,631 $ 478,540
FORTEN COMPANY
Income Statement
For Current Year Ended December 31
Sales $ 637,500
Cost of goods sold 296,000
Gross profit 341,500
Operating expenses
Depreciation expense $ 31,750
Other expenses 143,400 175,150
Other gains (losses)
Loss on sale of equipment (16,125)
Income before taxes 150,225
Income taxes expense 39,650
Net income $ 110,575
Additional Information on Current Year Transactions
The loss on the cash sale of equipment was $16,125 (details in b).
Sold equipment costing $79,875, with accumulated depreciation of $41,125, for $22,625 cash.
Purchased equipment costing $107,375 by paying $52,000 cash and signing a long-term note payable for the balance.
Borrowed $5,100 cash by signing a short-term note payable.
Paid $55,625 cash to reduce the long-term notes payable.
Issued 3,600 shares of common stock for $20 cash per share.
Declared and paid cash dividends of $52,300.
Required:
Prepare a complete statement of cash flows using a spreadsheet using the indirect method. (Enter all amounts as positive values.)

The following data relate to Department no. 3 of Winslett Corporation: Segment contribution margin$540,000 Profit margin controllable by the segment manager 310,000 Segment profit margin 150,000 On the basis of this information, Department no. 3's variable operating expenses are: Multiple Choice Not determinable. $160,000. $80,000. $390,000. $230,000.

Carmelo, the editor of a business department of a national news magazine, went through a sequence of jobs in the company before he achieved this position. He joined as a staff reporter, then got promoted to technology reporter, then to editor of the business department, and then to deputy managing editor before achieving his current position. This is __________.

Road Gripper Tire Co. manufactures automobile tires. Standard costs and actual costs for direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead incurred for the manufacture of 4,160 tires were as follows:

Standard Costs Actual Costs
Direct materials 100,000 lbs. at $6.40 101,000 lbs. at $6.50
Direct labor 2,080 hrs. at $15.75 2,000 hrs. at $15.40
Factory overhead Rates per direct labor hr.,
based on 100% of normal capacity of 2,000 direct
labor hrs.:
Variable cost, $4.00 $8,200 variable cost
Fixed cost, $6.00 $12,000 fixed cost

Each tire requires 0.5 hour of direct labor.

Required:
a. Determine the direct materials price variance, direct materials quantity variance, and total direct materials cost variance.
b. Determine the direct labor rate variance, direct labor time variance, and total direct labor cost variance.
c. Determine the variable factory overhead controllable variance, fixed factory overhead volume variance, and total factory overhead cost variance.

which one of the following best describes the human need?
a.fries
b.burger
c.pizza
d.food
e.none

Ace Leasing acquires equipment and leases it to customers under long-term sales-type leases. Ace earns interest under these arrangements at a 6% annual rate. Ace leased a machine it purchased for $790,000 under an arrangement that specified annual payments beginning at the commencement of the lease for five years. The lessee had the option to purchase the machine at the end of the lease term for $200,000 when it was expected to have a residual value of $350,000. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.) Calculate the amount of the annual lease payments. (Enter amounts as positive values rounded to the nearest whole dollar.)

The following note transactions occurred during the year for Towell Company: Nov. 10 Towell issued a 90-day, 9% note payable for $8,000 to Hyatt Company for merchandise. Dec. 1 Towell signed a 120-day, 10% note at the bank for $12,000. Dec. 20 Towell gave Barr, Inc., a 60-day, 10%, $12,000 note for payment of account. Prepare the general journal entries necessary to adjust the interest accounts at December 31. Use 360 days for calculations and round to the nearest dollar.

On October 1, 2021, Sonoma Company leased equipment from Napa Inc. in lease payable in five equal annual payments of $400,000, beginning Oct 1, 2022. Similar transactions have carried an 11% interest rate. The right-of-use asset would be recorded at: _________

Assume that the entry closing total revenues of $284,900 and total expenses of $212,600 has been made for the year ending December 31. At the end of the fiscal year, Teresa Schafer, Capital has a credit balance of $330,000 and Teresa Schafer, Drawing has a balance of $27,600.
A. Journalize the entry required to close the Teresa Schafer, Drawing account.
B. Determine the amount of Teresa Schafer, Capital at the end of period.

Decide whether each of the following is frictional, structural, or cyclical unemployment:
a. The economy gets worse, so General Motors shuts down a factory for four months, laying off workers. cyclical structural frictional
b. General Motors lays off 5,000 workers and replaces them with robots. The workers start looking for jobs outside the auto industry. cyclical structural frictional
c. About 10 workers per month at a General Motors plant quit their jobs because they want to live in another town. They start searching for work in the new town.

Your friend currently works as an accountant at a public accounting firm in the small town of LaFontaine, Indiana. He is offered a job in Washington, D.C. for $60,000. Your friend calls you and tells you that he is excited about the new job offer, which gives him a raise from his current salary of $50,000. Based on your knowledge of economics, you think that:______

a. Your friend most likely should not be quite so excited because the extremely high cost of living in New York City means his real salary increase will be less than he imagined.
b. Your friend has every reason to be excited because he will be getting paid.
c. Your friend has reason to be excited because in a bigger city he will häve more.
d. Your friend has no reason to be excited because higher pay implies more job 120% of what he used to be paid. things to do and his higher salary will allow him to spend on those activities.

A firm will maximize the present value of future profits by maximizing current profits when: the growth rate in profits is constant. the growth rate in profits is larger than the interest rate. Correct! the interest rate is larger than the growth rate in profits and both are constant. the growth rate and interest rate are constant and equal.

Income Statement; Net Loss The following revenue and expense account balances were taken from the ledger of Guardian Health Services Co. after the accounts had been adjusted on February 28, 20Y0, the end of the fiscal year: Depreciation Expense $15,600 Insurance Expense 7,640 Miscellaneous Expense 6,080 Rent Expense 63,000 Service Revenue 299,500 Supplies Expense 3,740 Utilities Expense 24,020 Wages Expense 235,600 Prepare an income statement. Use a minus sign to indicate a net loss.

Consider the economy of Citronia, where citizens consume only oranges. Assume that oranges cost $1 each, and each person can buy at most 5,000 oranges. The government has devised the following tax plans:

Plan A Plan B
Consumption up to 1,000 oranges is taxed at 20%. Consumption up to 2,000 oranges is taxed at 30%.
Consumption higher than 1,000 oranges is taxed at 80%. Consumption higher than 2,000 oranges is taxed at 10%.

Required:
Derive the marginal and average tax rates under each tax plan at the consumption levels of 500 oranges.

The same question stem will be used in the next 5 questions. Question stem: Assume that banks hold 7 percent excess reserves, the currency to deposit ratio is 15 percent, and the required reserve ratio is 10 percent. Suppose that the Federal Reserve purchases 250 million dollars worth of bonds from the public. First question for this stem: What is the value of the deposit multiplier

Which of the following refers to duties imposed by a government on imported goods?
A subsidies
B rounds
C tariffs
D quotas

Calgary Manufacturing company makes chairs and desks. The following costs were incurred in making its products during its first year of operation. Chairs Desks Total Direct Materials $ 8,500 $ 10,500 $ 19,000 Direct Labor 16,500 12,500 29,000 Also the company incurred $22,910 of employee benefits cost. Since these overhead costs are driven by the use of labor they are allocated to the products based on the direct labor dollars. Based on this information alone the total cost of making chairs is. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Difference between free market and capitalism.​

The __________ reflects the ups and downs of the nation’s real GDP.
A.
business cycle
B.
inflation rate
C.
consumer price index
D.
unemployment rate


Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
B
C
D