Are wild horses truly “wild,” as an indigenous species in North America, or are they “feral weeds”—barnyard escapees, far removed genetically from their prehistoric ancestors? The question at hand is, therefore, whether or not modern horses, Equus caballus, should be considered native wildlife.
The question is legitimate, and the answer important. In North America, the wild horse is often labeled as a non-native, or even an exotic species, by most federal or state agencies dealing with wildlife management, such as the National Park Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. The legal mandate for many of these agencies is to protect native wildlife and prevent non-native species from causing harmful effects on the general ecology of the land. Thus, management is often directed at total eradication, or at least minimal numbers. If the idea that wild horses were, indeed, native wildlife, a great many current management approaches might be compromised. Thus, the rationale for examining this proposition, that the horse is a native or non-native species, is significant.
The genus Equus, which includes modern horses, zebras, and asses, is the only surviving genus in a once diverse family of horses that included 27 genera. The precise date of origin for the genus Equus is unknown, but evidence documents the dispersal of Equus from North America to Eurasia approximately 2–3 million years ago and a possible origin at about 3.4–3.9 million years ago. Following this original emigration, several extinctions occurred in North America, with additional migrations to Asia (presumably across the Bering Land Bridge), and return migrations back to North America, over time. The last North American extinction probably occurred between 13,000 and 11,000 years ago (Fazio 1995), although more recent extinctions for horses have been suggested. Dr. Ross MacPhee, Curator of Mammalogy at the American Museum of Natural History, and colleagues, have dated the existence of woolly mammoths and horses in North America to as recent as 7,600 years ago. Had it not been for previous westward migration, over the 2 Bering Land Bridge, into northwestern Russia (Siberia) and Asia, the horse would have faced complete extinction. However, Equus survived and spread to all continents of the globe, except Australia and Antarctica.
In 1493, on Columbus’ second voyage to the Americas, Spanish horses, representing E. caballus, were brought back to North America, first in the Virgin Islands, and, in 1519, they were reintroduced on the continent, in modern-day Mexico, from where they radiated throughout the American Great Plains, after escape from their owners or by pilfering (Fazio 1995).
Critics of the idea that the North American wild horse is a native animal, using only selected paleontological data, assert that the species, E. caballus (or the caballoid horse), which was introduced in 1519, was a different species from that which disappeared between 13,000–11,000 years before. Herein lies the crux of the debate. However, neither paleontological opinion nor modern molecular genetics support the contention that the modern horse in North America is non-native.
Equus, a monophyletic taxon, is first represented in the North American fossil record about four million years ago by E. simplicidens, and this species is directly ancestral to later Blancan species about three million years ago (Azaroli and Voorhies 1990). Azzaroli (1992) believed, again on the basis of fossil records, that E. simplicidens gave rise to the late Pliocene E. Idahoensis, and that species, in turn, gave rise to the first caballoid horses two million years ago in North America. Some migrated to Asia about one million years ago, while others, such as E. niobrarensis, remained in North America.
BIOLOGY HELP PLESEEE I SUCK AT THIS STUFF!! I REWARD BRAINLIEST AND STARS!!!
Answer:
label b
Explanation:
I will give brainliest to the first person who guess this right.
What is this creature called?
a) Mutant Rabbit
b) Bilby
c) Jack Rabbit
d) Netscheri
The picture above shows the early embryos of a human and a chicken. Gill slits and tails are shown in both. What does
this most likely suggest?
Answer: C
Explanation:
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A student is studying several species that belong to the plant kingdom. Which two are most closely related
A Fermaldia pandurata and Ficus pandurata
B Castilla elastica and Ficus elastica
Ficus benjamina and Ficus lyrata
Bromus japonicus and Ipomoea violacea
Answer:it’s A)
Explanation:I saw it on a quiezlet online lol
Fermaldia pandurata and Ficus pandurata are the two plant species which are most closely related.
What is Species?These are organisms which are closely related and are capable of interbreeding in the ecosystem.
Option A was chosen because they both belong to the same species 'pandurata' thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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HELP ASAP!
Which of the following is true regarding glycolysis ?
Choose 1 answer.
A.) It requires glucose as a reactant.
B.) It produces 36 ATP.
C.) It occurs in the mitochondria.
D.) It is an aerobic process.
Answer:
I would have to say A
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. So we already know that it uses glucose because thats what its breaking down. Glycosis produces 2 ATP so B is wrong. Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm so C is wrong. Finnaly aerobic is using free oxygen in the process of the reaction. However glycolysis uses no oxygen and is anaerobic.
Glycolysis requires glucose as a reactant.
• Glycolysis refers to a cytoplasmic pathway that dissociates glucose into the three-carbon compound and produces energy in the form of ATP.
• The process of glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm.
• In the process, the net production of 2 ATPs takes place.
• It can be both anaerobic and aerobic process.
• The process of glycolysis completes in 10 steps, five of which are in the preparatory phase and the rest 5 are in the pay-off phase.
• The process of glycolysis is used by all the cells of the body to produce energy, and the final product of glycolysis is pyruvate.
Thus, correct answer is option A, that is, it requires glucose as a reactant.
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The different forms of a gene are called
(1 Point)
traits
hybrids
alleles
Please answer, photo is above thank you!
all you need is in the photo
Where in the oceans are the highest values of salinity found?
in mid latitude regions, wind qusts are strongest
in subtropical regions, where evaporation exceeds precipitation
O near the equator, where precipitation exceeds evaporation
O in polar regions, where ice sheet volumes are shrinking
Answer: in subtropical regions, where evaporation exceeds precipitation
Hope it helps :)
Explanation:
What are three things done by proteins
Please help i need a answer that is not off the internet it needs to be in own words.
I will mark brainly
Explain how an evergreen tree stores water during months of little rain.
Answer:
i think they are orignally from cold areas so they store water and moisture in there needles. and they stay green year round.
Explanation:
Will mark Brainliest! What term refers to crops that mainly protect other crops during their early days?
nurse crops
forage crops
pasture crops
Peas, peanuts, or corn is an example of such crops.
Answer:
Nurse crops
Explanation:
The image above shows a macromolecule. Based on the structure, identify which macromolecule is shown in the picture.
A
Nucleic Acids
B)
Lipids
Carbohydrates
D)
Proteins
Answer:
Carbohydrates
Explanation:
Carbohydrates (also called carbs) are a type of macronutrient found in certain foods and drinks. Sugars, starches and fiber are carbohydrates. Other macronutrients include fat and protein. Your body needs these macronutrients to stay healthy.
What typically happens to a population if it exceeds it’s carrying capacity?
A. Death rate will exceed birth rate
B. Prey species increase
C. Migration into the area increases
D. Birth rate will exceed death rate
Answer:
D
Explanation: Population will proceed to grow, until resources are used up, then population begins to decrease.
Answer:
D. birth rate will exceed death rate
What is the F2 generation? How do they differ from the F1 generation?
Answer:
F2 Generation is the Second Filial Generation
Explanation:
Select all the correct answers.
Snakes, dogs, and humans have a vertebral column. Snakes and dogs have tails, and humans have vestigial tailbones. Dogs and humans have limbs, but snakes do not. Most reptiles lay eggs, but a few give birth to live young. What do these structures suggest about the evolutionary pattern between the three organisms?
A Snakes and dogs are more closely related than snakes and humans.
B Snakes and humans are more closely related than humans and dogs.
C Dogs and humans are more closely related than snakes and humans.
D Dogs, snakes, and humans share a common ancestor.
E The early ancestor of snakes and dogs is the same, and the early ancestor of humans is different.
This is for Science Please Help!!
These structures suggest that Dogs and humans are more closely related than snakes and humans.
Does snake have backbone?
Yes, snakes have a backbone. The backbone is made up of a series of bones called vertebrae, which are connected by ligaments and muscles. The vertebrae of a snake are unique because they are loosely connected, allowing the snake to move and bend in a wide variety of directions.
Dogs and humans are more closely related than snakes and humans because they both have vertebral columns, tails, and limbs while snakes only have a vertebral column and a tail. This suggests that a common ancestor shared these features with both dogs and humans, while the common ancestor of snakes did not possess these features.
Therefore, Dogs and humans are more closely related than snakes and humans is the correct answer.
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Dogs, snakes, and humans share a common ancestor. The presence of a vertebral column in all three organisms suggests that they belong to the same group of vertebrates,
So the correct answer is D. Dogs, snakes, and humans share a common ancestor.
What is a common ancestor?
A common ancestor is a hypothetical organism that is ancestral to two or more different groups of organisms. In other words, a common ancestor is an organism that gave rise to two or more distinct lineages through evolutionary divergence. All organisms that share a common ancestor are said to be related, and their evolutionary relationships can be represented as a branching tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree. The concept of a common ancestor is fundamental to evolutionary biology, as it allows scientists to infer the evolutionary history and relationships between different groups of organisms.
Dogs, snakes, and humans share a common ancestor. The presence of a vertebral column in all three organisms suggests that they belong to the same group of vertebrates, but differences in tails and limbs suggest that their ancestors underwent evolutionary changes that led to these differences.
Therefore, options A and C are partially correct but do not capture the full picture, while option B is incorrect. The correct answer is D.
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A genome identifies genes in an organism. Which part of the DNA molecule is examined to determine the genetic proteins and traits of an organism?
Answer:
sequence of nitrogen bases
Explanation:
i’m taking my exam rn and that was the correct answer
Answer:
sequence of nitrogen bases
Explanation:
I will give brainliest for the first person who gets it correct
What is the name of the given plant?
A) Hydnellum Pecki
B) Bloodroot
C) Haementhus Coccineus
D) Blood plant
E) Speckled Ruby Fungus
Answer:
A
Explanation:
What is the sentence stem cell?
Answer:
Sentences Mobile
Stem cells in embryos generate all other tissues in the body. Opponents say the use of embryonic stem cells would encourage abortions.
Explanation:
Sentences Mobile
Stem cells in embryos generate all other tissues in the body. Opponents say the use of embryonic stem cells would encourage abortions.
Which of the following enzymes is NOT part of DNA replication?
O helicas
lysozase
O polymerase
primase
Answer:
lysozase
Explanation:
hope it helps you
have a great day
On February 21, a student observes that the Moon cannot be seen in the clear
night sky. On what date will the student not be able to see the Moon again in the
clear night sky?
A. February 28
B.March 7
C.March 14
D.March 21
Answer:
Okay so the answer is
C...
On February 21, a student observes that the Moon cannot be seen in the clear night sky. The date when the student is not able to see the Moon again is on March 21. The correct option is D.
What is the moon?The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth. It is white and gray and visible from the earth on nights only. It is the fifth-largest satellite in the solar system.
The moon has different phases seen from the earth because the moon revolves around the sun. The four phases have been named full moon, no moon, C moon, and half moon.
In 28 days, the moon is not visible for one day, then the other day it is visible and C-shaped. The student was seen on February 21.
21 + 27 day means 21 march.
Thus, the correct option is D. March 21.
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please help only if you know
please also only give a simple answer please don’t search up
transcription and translation of this subset of genes determines how a cell looks and acts when in the process of forming into a more mature cell.
Una planta de jardín presenta dos variedades: una de flores rojas y hojas alargadas y otra de flores blancas y hojas pequeñas. El carácter color de las flores sigue una herencia intermedia, y el carácter tamaño de la hoja presenta dominancia del carácter alargado. Si se cruzan ambas variedades, ¿Qué proporciones genotípicas y fenotípicas aparecerán en la F2? ¿Qué proporción de las flores rojas y hojas alargadas de la F2 serán homocigóticas?
Answer:DA FAW>K
Explanation:
HELP ASAP WILL GIVE BRAINLEST Which of these presents an ethical issue associated with genetic testing on humans?
Genetic testing could not cause harmful mutations.
Genetic testing could improve the diagnosis of disease.
Genetic testing could cause discrimination by revealing health risks.
Genetic testing could cause ecosystem damage by creating mutant mosquitos.
Answer:
i think it could reveal health risks
Explanation:
i hope that is correct!
Genetic testing results in some circumstances could be ambiguous or inconclusive. Detrimental effect on connections with family and friends. Thus, option C is correct.
What are negative impact of genetic testing in humans?The following are some drawbacks or hazards of genetic testing: Your stress and anxiety may increase throughout testing.
Results in some circumstances could be ambiguous or inconclusive. Detrimental effect on connections with family and friends.
Because the findings of genetic testing can expose information about family members besides the test subject, this causes conflict between families.
Another issue is the potential for genetic discrimination in insurance or the workplace.
Therefore, Genetic testing could cause discrimination by revealing health risks.
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A farmer is spraying his crops with a specific pesticide. He notices a drastic decrease in the insect population, so he uses the same pesticide the next year. This time, more insects survive. The next year, almost no insects are killed by the pesticide. Why is this happening?
Answer:
Probably insects developed resistance to the pesticide.
Explanation:
The term resistance refers to an inheritable change in the population sensitivity, reflected through the consecutive failure of the chemical effects, correctly used in order to reach a certain effect on the insect population.
Insecticides might produce a genetic modification in the insects, leading them to survive under the effects of the chemical. Insects evolve with the capability of tolerating the poison dose that normally is used to destroy a normal population of plagues.
In the exposed example, the first time that the farmer sprayed the pesticide, the insect population decrease sharply. This means that the chemical affected them severely. The surviving individuals probably suffered a genetic modification and survived. They probably passed this modification to the following generations, which expressed it, and developed resistance to the pesticide.
How are the 4 major MACROMOLECULES of life similar to LEGOS
building blocks? PLEASE HELP
Answer:
Because of how they stick together and the 4 dot things on top of them
Explanation:
please help me if you only know
Answer:
(1) Translation begins when a ribosome (gray) docks on a start codon (red) of an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm. (2) Next, tRNA molecules attached to amino acids (spheres) dock at the corresponding triplet codon sequence on the mRNA molecule.
Explanation:
1st one.
Answer:
Hi how are you doing today Jasmine
Products enter a reaction and reactants come out of a reaction true or false?
Answer:
[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf False }}[/tex]
Explanation:
In a chemical reaction, the products are produced. The reactants are the substances that react.
In a chemical reaction equation (with the arrow pointing right) the reactants are on the left and the products on the right.
[tex]reactants \rightarrow products[/tex]The reactants enter and the products come out.
So, the statement given - products enter a reaction and reactants come out - is false and it is actually the other way around.
Label this diagram ASAP pls!
1-dorsal fin
2-ventral fin
Answer:
1. Dorsal fin
2. pelvic fin
Which statement describes how pioneer species and climax communities are different?
