Wild Flowers Express has a debt-equity ratio of .60. The pretax cost of debt is 9 percent while the unlevered cost of capital is 14 percent. What is the cost of equity if the tax rate is 23 percent

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

0.1631 ; 16.31%

Explanation:

Given:

Cost of capital = 14% = 0.14

Debt to equity ratio = 60% = 0.6

Cost of debt = 9% = 0.09

Tax rate = 23% = 0.23

Cost of equity : cost of capital + debt - to - equity ratio * (1 - tax rate) * (cost of capital - cost of debt)

Cost of equity = 0.14 + 0.60 × (1 - 0.23) × (0.14 - .09)

Cost of equity :

0.14 + 0.60 * 0.77 * 0.05

0.14 + 0.0231

= 0.1631 ; 0.1631 * 100% = 16.31%


Related Questions

On January 1, Pharoah Company had 87000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding. On May 7, the company declared a 5% stock dividend to stockholders of record on May 21. Market value of the stock was $16 on May 7. The stock was distributed on May 24. The entry to record the transaction of May 24 would include a

Answers

Answer: credit to Common Stock Dividends Distributable for $43500

Explanation:

Based on the information given in the question, the entry to record the transaction of May 24 goes thus:

Debit Stock Dividend = 87000 × 5% × $16 = $69600

Credit To Common Stock Dividend Distributable = 87000 × 5% × $10 = $43500

Credit To Paid in capital in excess of Par - Common Stock = $69600 - $43500 = $26100

Camelot Company has estimated the following costs for this year for 50,000 units: Manufacturing Selling and Administrative Variable $100,000 $ 25,000 Fixed 150,000 75,000 Total $250,000 $100,000 What is the initial selling price needed to obtain a target profit of $50,000 using the manufacturing cost markup method

Answers

Answer:

the initial selling price is $8 per unit

Explanation:

The computation of the initial selling price is shown below;

Total manufacturing costs = $250,000

Now

Markup required is

= $100,000 + $50,000

= $150,000

So, the Initial selling price is

= ($250,000 + $150,000) ÷ 50,000

= $8.00

hence, the initial selling price is $8 per unit

what is the future value of ordinary annuity makes 2000 every month 10 years interest rate is 7% g

Answers

Answer:

The future value of the ordinary annuity is:

= $346,169.61.

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Ordinary annuity receipt/payment = $2,000

Payment is made monthly for 10 years (120 months)

Interest rate = 7%

From an online financial calculator, the future value is:

N (# of periods)  120

I/Y (Interest per year)  7

PV (Present Value)  0

PMT (Periodic Payment)  2000

 

Results

FV = $346,169.61

Sum of all periodic payments $240,000.00

Total Interest $106,169.61

What would be the annual cost saved by shifting from the ​-bag lot size to the​ EOQ? The annual holding cost with the EOQ is ​$ nothing. ​(Enter your response rounded to two decimal​ places.)

Answers

Answer:

Without Calculating The... Problem 13 Current on-hand inventory is 310 bags, with no open orders or. Problem 13 ... What would be the annual cost saved by shifting from the 505-​bag lot size to the EOQ? The annual holding cost with the EOQ is $ 690.15.

Explanation:

does it help??

​Cyberphone, a manufacturer of cell phone​ accessories, ended the current year with annual sales​ (at cost) of ​$ million. During the​ year, the inventory of accessories turned over times. For the next​ year, Cyberphone plans to increase annual sales​ (at cost) by percent. a. What is the increase in the average aggregate inventory value required if Cyberphone maintains the same inventory turnover during the next​ year? ​$ nothing. ​(Enter your response as an​ integer.)

Answers

Answer:

sorry po

Explanation:

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The following items are reported on a company's balance sheet: Cash $160,000 Marketable securities 75,000 Accounts receivable (net) 65,000 Inventory 140,000 Accounts payable 200,000 Determine (a) the current ratio and (b) the quick ratio. Round to one decimal place. a. Current ratio fill in the blank 1 b. Quick ratio fill in the blank 2

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

a. The current ratio is

We know that

Current ratio = Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities

= $440,000 ÷ $200,000

= 2.2

Cash $160,000

Marketable Securities $75,000

Account receivable $65,000

Inventory $140,000

Current Assets $440,000

Account Payable $200,000

current liabilities $200,000

b

Quick ratio =( Current assets - inventory ) ÷ Current Liabilities

= ($440,000 - $140,000 ) ÷ $200,000

= 1.5

What will be the nominal rate of return on a perpetual preferred stock with a $100 par value, a stated dividend of 12% of par, and a current market price of (a) $56.00, (b) $76.00, (c) $116.00, and (d) $133.00? Round your answers to two decimal places. %

Answers

Given :

[tex] \text{Preferred share par value = $30} [/tex]

[tex] \text{Dividend per share (Dp) = $10 ($100×10%)} [/tex]

Required :

[tex] \text{Normal rate of return (rp)} [/tex]

Formula :

[tex] \text{rp =} \frac{Dp}{Vp} [/tex]

Where,

[tex] \text{Vp = price of preferred share} [/tex]

[tex] \text{Dp = dividend per share} [/tex]

[tex] \text{Rp = normal rate of return of preferred share} [/tex]

Solve for nomial rate of return (rp) :

Refer The Attachment

What is a production​ function? How does a​ long-run production function differ from a​ short-run production​ function? A. A function showing the minimum output that a firm can produce for every specified combination of inputs. In the​ short-run production​ function, all inputs are​ variable, whereas the​ long-run production function has at least one fixed input.. B. A function showing the highest output that a firm can produce for every specified combination of inputs. In the​ short-run production​ function, all inputs are​ variable, whereas the​ long-run production function has at least one fixed input. C. A function showing the minimum output that a firm can produce for every specified combination of inputs. In the​ long-run production​ function, all inputs are​ variable, whereas the​ short-run production function has at least one fixed input. D. A function showing the highest output that a firm can produce for every specified combination of inputs. In the​ long-run production​ function, all inputs are​ variable, whereas the​ short-run production function has at least one fixed input.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The primary purpose for using the the mean absolute error (MAE) in forecasting is to: A. remove forecast error B. estimate the trend line C. estimate forecast error D. seasonally adjust the forecast

Answers

Answer:

measure forecast accuracy

Explanation:

The main purpose for using the mean absolute error is to do the forecast in an accurate manner. Also, it provides the measure for total forecast error for the given model

Therefore as per the given situation, the above represent the answer as neither it remove the error, nor estimated the trend line, etc

So, the same should be considered

Suppose eggs are only sold by the dozen and priced in whole dollar amounts. No eggs are demanded at a price above $7 per dozen. At a price equal to $7 per dozen, 10 dozen eggs are demanded. If the price falls to $6 per dozen, then 11 dozen are demanded. At a price of $5 per dozen, 12 dozen are demanded. When the price falls to $4 then 13 dozen are demanded. Suppose also that this market is operating in the short run and the quantity of eggs supplied is fixed at 12 dozen eggs. What are the equilibrium price and quantity in this market?

Answers

Answer:

$5

12

Explanation:

Equilibrium price is the price at which quantity demand equal quantity supplied. Above equilibrium price there is a surplus - quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded.

Below equilibrium price there is a shortage - quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied

from the question, the following table can be determined

P      Qd        Qs

$7     10

$6      11

$5      12        12

$4      13     

At equilibrium price, quantity demanded equal quantity supplied. this price is $5 and quantity is 12

A small business sold an equipment for $30,000 after depreciating the equipment using the MACRS depreciation method. The applicable federal tax rate for the company is 39%. The federal tax liability on this depreciation recapture is $10,200 if the company also had other taxable income of $200,000 in that year.

a. True
b. False

Answers

Answer::::: is false

Ford Motor Company agreed to pay its workers ​$37 an hour in 1999 and ​$37 an hour in 2001. The CPI in 1999 was 166 and in 2001 was 180. Calculate the real wage rate in each year​ (to the nearest​ cent). Did these workers really get a pay raise between 1999 and​ 2001?

Answers

Answer:

No, the wage rate did not raise.

Explanation:

Given the nominal wage rate for the year 1999 = $37

CPI for 1999 = 166

The real wage for the year 1999 = [ Nominal wage / CPI ] x 100

The real wage for the year 1999 = [ 37/ 166] x 100 = $22.28

Given the nominal wage rate for the year 2001 = $37

CPI for 2001 = 180

The real wage for the year 2001 = [ Nominal wage / CPI ] x 100

The real wage for the year 2001 = [ 37/ 180] x 100 = $20.55

No the wage rate did not raise.

More than 99% of all U.S. firms are classified as small businesses, and they employ about half of private workers. A small business is defined as any independently owned and operated business that is not dominant in its competitive area and does not employ more than 500 people. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of small business ownership is crucial for any potential entrepreneur.
Match each statement or scenario with the appropriate advantage or disadvantage of small business
i. ownership.ii. Focusiii. Reputationiv. High stress levelv. Inexperience/Incompetencevi. Flexibilityvii.Inability to cope with growthviii.Costsix. Independencex. High failure rateMatch each of the options above to the items below.1. One of the leading reasons for becoming your own boss. 2. A 20-employee factory does not have a designated accounting or advertising department.3. The pizzas offered on the Patrick’s Pizza menu are often based on the types of produce in season.4. Mike’s trucking business provides specific information and products to commercial truck drivers.5. Brandy’s nursery offers delivery and expert installation of their trees at no extra cost to the customer and will replace any defective one up to 3 years after purchase.6. Sue works more than 60 hours a week at her construction business and cannot find reliable suppliers for lumber inventory.
7. Half of all new employer firms fail within the first five years.8. As a fitness expert, Tyler is having difficulties understanding the accounting requirements for his bank business loan for his workout facility.9. Circumstances such as products not arriving on time due to limited capacity affect the reputation of a company more than any other factor.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Photo Framing's cost formula for its supplies cost is $1,000 per month plus $10 per frame. For the month of November, the company planned for activity of 610 frames, but the actual level of activity was 600 frames. The actual supplies cost for the month was $7,600. The spending variance for supplies cost in November would be closest to:

Answers

Answer:

$600 U

Explanation:

Calculation to determine what The spending variance for supplies cost in November would be closest to:

Actual results$ 7600

Less Flexible budget $7,000

($1,000 + $10 × 600)

Spending variance $600 U

($7,600-$7,000)

Therefore The spending variance for supplies cost in November would be closest to: $600 U

You are considering an investment that promises to pay $1,000 per year for the next 10 years. The interest rate associated with investments having similar risk is 6.0%. How much would you be willing to pay for this investment

Answers

Answer:

$7360.09

Explanation:

the amount i would be willing to pay can be determined by calculating the present value of the cash flows

Present value is the sum of discounted cash flows

Present value can be calculated using a financial calculator

Cash flow each year from year 1 to 10 = 1000

I = 6%

PV = $7360.09

To determine PV using a financial calculator:

1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.

2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.  

Margaret sells hand-knit scarves at a flea market. Each scarf sells for $25. Margaret pays $30 to rent a vending space for one day. The variable costs are $15 per scarf. How many scarves should she sell each day in order to break even?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 3 units

Explanation:

Break even sale is the amount of sales a firm or business needs to sell to break even , that is, the amount to sell to neither make profit nor loss.

Break even sales = Fixed cost ÷ ( unit sales - variable costs)

$30/($25 - $15)

$30/$10

=3 units

Break even sales is 3 units. That means Margaret needs to 3 units of hand-knit scarves to neither make profit or loss. Units above 3 will result into profit making while units below 3 will result into loss making.

Brown Cow Dairy uses the aging approach to estimate bad debt expense. The ending balance of each account receivable is aged on the basis of three time periods as follows: (1) not yet due, $14,000; (2) up to 120 days past due, $4,500; and (3) more than 120 days past due, $2,500. Experience has shown that for each age group, the average loss rate on the amount of the receivables at year-end due to uncollectibility is (1) 2 percent, (2) 12 percent, and (3) 30 percent, respectively. At December 31 (end of the current year), the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance is $800 (credit) before the end-of-period adjusting entry is made. Data during the current year follow:

a. During December, an Account Receivable (Patty's Bake Shop) of $750 from a prior sale was determined to be uncollectible; therefore, it was written off immediately as a bad debt.
b. On December 31, the appropriate adjusting entry for the year was recorded.

Required:
1. Give the required journal entries for the two items listed above.
2. Show how the amounts related to Accounts Receivable and Bad Debt Expense would be reported on the income statement and balance sheet for the current year. Disregard income tax considerations.

Answers

Answer:

Brown Cow Dairy

1. Journal Entries:

a. Debit Allowance for Uncollectibles $750

   Credit Accounts Receivable $750

To write-off an uncollectible account.

b. Debit Bad Debts Expense $1,520

   Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $1,520

To record bad debts expense for the year.

2. Amounts that would be reported:

Income Statement:

Bad debts expense $1,520

Balance Sheet:

Accounts Receivable $21,000

less Allowance for Doubtful accounts $1,570

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

(1) not yet due, $14,000                              *    2% = $280

(2) up to 120 days past due, $4,500         *   12% =   540

(3) more than 120 days past due, $2,500 * 30% =   750

Total                                              $21,000            $1,570

Balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $800

a. Debit Allowance for Uncollectibles $750

   Credit Accounts Receivable $750

To write-off an uncollectible account.

b. Debit Bad Debts Expense $1,520

   Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $1,520

To record bad debts expense for the year.

Consolidated Corporation,a U.S.firm,wishes to participate,but limit its involvement,in Middle Eastern markets.Consolidated empowers Doha Ltd. ,an Egyptian firm,to enter into contracts in certain countries on behalf of Consolidated.This is:________
A) a distribution agreement.
B) an agency relationship.
C) indirect exporting.
D) direct exporting.

Answers

Answer:

B) an agency relationship.

Explanation:

A contract can be defined as an agreement between two or more parties (group of people) which gives rise to a mutual legal obligation or enforceable by law.

There are different types of contract in business and these includes: fixed-price contract, cost-plus contract, bilateral contract, implies contract, unilateral contract, adhesion contract, unconscionable contract, option contract, express contract, executory contract, etc.

In this scenario, Consolidated (principal) empowers Doha Ltd., an Egyptian firm to enter into contracts in certain countries on behalf of Consolidated. Thus, this is an agency relationship.

An agency relationship can be defined as a mutual relationship existing between two parties, wherein a principal authorizes the agent to act as the principal's representative or on his behalf (fiduciary role) in dealing with third parties.

Basically, Consolidated is the principal based on the agency relationship while Doha Ltd. is considered to be an agent and as such is authorized or empowered to enter into contracts in certain countries on behalf of Consolidated.

Assume that a $1,000,000 par value, semiannual coupon U.S. Treasury note with four years to maturity (YTM) has a coupon rate of 6%. The yield to maturity of the bond is 11.00%. Using this information and ignoring the other costs involved, calculate the value of the Treasury note:_________.
a.) $841,635.85
b.) $715,390.47
c.) $530,230.59
d.) $1,009,963.02

Answers

Answer:

a.) $841,635.85

Explanation:

The value of the Treasury note is the present value of its future cash flows, its semiannual coupon payments and the face value receivable by the investors in the T-note at maturity.

Semiannual coupon=face value*coupon rate*6/12

face value=$1,000,000

coupon rate=6%

semiannual coupon=$1,000,000*6%*6/12

semiannual coupon=$30,000( there would 8 semiannual coupons in 4 years)

The present value of the cash flows can be determined using a financial calculator bearing in mind that the calculator would be set to its default end mode before making the following inputs:

N=8(semiannual coupons)

PMT=30000(amount of each semiannual coupon)

I/Y=5.50%(semiannual yield to maturity=11.00%*6/12)

FV=1000000(the face value of T-note)

CPT

PV=$841,635.85  

Consumers have become more vulnerable to privacy infringement and identity theft MOST LIKELY due to which trend? A) consumers' decreasing awareness of investment scams B) the proliferation of automated financial transactions C) the rising rate of mortgage foreclosures during the recession D) the government's increasing regulation of the consumer credit industry

Answers

A) consumers’ decreasing awareness of investment scams.

Consumers that have more vulnerable to privacy infringement and identity theft because of this trend so it is option A.

What is privacy infringement?

At the time when the information related to the person that should be obtained against his or her so it should be either by coercion or it should be forced. Here the right to privacy should be violated. So, Consumers that have more vulnerable to privacy infringement and identity theft because of this trend so it is option A.

Learn more about consumer here: https://brainly.com/question/24399682

Wieters Industries manufactures several products including a basic case for a popular smartphone. The company is considering adopting an activity-based costing approach for setting its budget. The company's production activities, budgeted activity costs, and cost drivers for the coming year are as follows:

Activity Activity Overhead $ Cost Driver Cost Driver Quantity
Machine setup $200,000 # of setups    800
Inspection   120,000 # of quality tests    400
Materials receiving    252,000 # of purchase orders   1,800

The budgeted data for smartphone case production are as follows.

Direct materials $2.50 per unit
Direct labor $0.54 per unit
Number of setups 92
Number of quality tests 400
Number of purchase orders 50
Production 15,000 units

Required
a. Calculate the activity rate for each cost pool.
b. Calculate the activity-based unit cost of the smartphone case.

Answers

Answer:

Wieters Industries

a. Activity Rates:

Machine setup =    $250

Inspection =              300

Materials receiving   140

b. The activity-based unit cost of the smartphone case is:

= $13.04

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Activity             Activity Overhead $   Cost Driver      Cost Driver Quantity

Machine setup             $200,000        # of setups                   800

Inspection                      120,000       # of quality tests           400

Materials receiving      252,000       # of purchase orders   1,800

Total overhead costs  $572,000

Activity Rates:

Machine setup =    $250 ($200,000/800)

Inspection =              300 ($120,000/400)

Materials receiving   140 ($252,000/1,800)

Budgeted data for smartphone case production:

Direct materials $2.50 per unit

Direct labor $0.54 per unit

Number of setups 92

Number of quality tests 400

Number of purchase orders 50

Production 15,000 units

Overhead Applied to Smartphone Case:

Number of setups 92 * $250 =             $ 23,000

Number of quality tests 400 * $300 =    120,000

Number of purchase orders 50 * $140 =   7,000

Total overhead applied =                      $150,000

Overhead per unit = $10 ($150,000/15,000)

Unit Cost of Smartphone Case:

Direct materials per unit  $2.50

Direct labor per unit        $0.54

Overhead per unit         $10.00

Total unit cost =             $13.04

Law Office employ 12 full-time attorneys and 5 paraprofessionals. Budgeted salaries include $100,000 for each attorney and $30,000 per paraprofessional. For 20x1, indirect costs were budgeted at $250,000, but actually amounted to $300,000. Actual salaries were $110,000 for each attorney and $30,000 for each paraprofessional. Direct and indirect costs are applied on a professional labor-hour basis that includes both attorney and paraprofessional hours. Total budgeted labor-hours were 50,000; however, actual labor-hours were 60,000.
How much should the client be billed in a normal costing system which uses budgeted rate and cost allocations are based on actual data, when 1,000 professional labor-hours were used?a. $27,000b. $32,000c. $34,800d. $37,400

Answers

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

Given the above information,

= ($110,000 × 12 + $30,000 × 5) / 60,000 × 1,000

= ($1,320,000 + $150,000) / 60,000,000

= $1,470,000 / 60,000,000 + $300,000/60,000) × 1,000

= $0.0245 + $5,000

= $5,000

If the best operating level of a process X is 1026 bottles per day and the actual output during a day is 786 bottles, then what is the capacity utilization rate for process X

Answers

Answer:

greater than 70% but less than or equal to 90%

Explanation:

The computation of the capacity utilization rate for process X is shown below:

As we know that

Capacity Utilization = (Actual Output ÷ Design Capacity) × 100

=  (786 ÷ 1026) × 100

= 76.61%

So, it is greater than 70% but less than or equal to 90%

Suppose you forecast that the standard deviation of the market return will be 20% in the coming year. If the measure of risk aversion in is A = 4: a. What would be a reasonable guess for the expected market risk premium? b. What value of A is consistent with a risk premium of 9%? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) c. What will happen to the risk premium if investors become more risk tolerant?

Answers

Answer:

a) 16%

b) 2.25

c) Increase in expected market risk premium

Explanation:

Expected standard deviation of market return = 20%

measure of risk aversion ( A ) = 4

a) Determine a reasonable  expected market risk premium

= A * ( std ) ^2

= 4 * ( 20%)^2

=  16%

b) determine Value of A

market risk premium = A * ( std )^2

∴ A = 9% / ( 20% ) ^2

      = 0.09 / 0.04

      = 2.25

c) If investors become more risk tolerant the expected market risk premium will increase

Josiah's team missed a crucial deadline and lost a major client due to poor communication. As a result, his team is experiencing trust issues. Josiah is looking for ways to improve trust across the team as a whole and has generated a few ideas. All of the following are likely to increase trust except:________.
a. Josiah creates a poster board with team goals, indicating the roles of each team member.
b. Josiah plans to provide his team with more project training sessions to help improve their efficiency both as dividuals and as a group.
c. Josiah conducts individual performance reviews in front of the whole group so no one feels singled out
d. Josiah has individual check-ins with his team members to provide feedback

Answers

C, talking about individual issues in front of a group can make team members feel uncomfortable. Talking with team members individually and providing feedback privately will create a more comfortable environment.

what's is the difference between external dimensions and internal dimensions fators​

Answers

Answer:

Internal Environment dimension refers internal conditions with a business or organization that effect its growth and working such as employees, machinery, working hours, funds etc.

Extern Environment dimension refers external conditions  that effect business or organization growth and working such as organization's performance, profitability, and functionality

Explanation:

Internal Environment dimension refers internal conditions with a business or organization that effect its growth and working such as employees, machinery, working hours, funds etc.

Extern Environment dimension refers external conditions  that effect business or organization growth and working such as organization's performance, profitability, and functionality

Consider two stocks, A and B. Stock A has an expected return of 10% and a beta of 1.2. Stock B has an expected return of 14% and a beta of 1.8. The expected market rate of return is 9% and the risk-free rate is 5%. Security __________ would be considered the better buy because

Answers

Answer:

B; it offers an expected excess return of 1.8%

Explanation:

Here are the options :

A; it offers an expected excess return of .2%A; it offers an expected excess return of 2.2%B; it offers an expected excess return of 1.8%B; it offers an expected return of 2.4%

to determine which stock is the better buy, we have to calculate the expected return of the stocks using CAPM

According to the capital asset price model: Expected rate of return = risk free + beta x (market rate of return - risk free rate of return)

Stock A = 5% + 1.2(9% - 5%) = 9.8%

Stock B = 5% + 1.8(9% - 5%) = 12.20%

The next step is to determine the excess return

stated expected return - calculated expected return = excess return

Stock A's excess return = 10% - 9.8% - 0.2%

Stock B's excess return = 14 - 12.20 = 1.8%

Security B would be considered because it has a higher excess return

Mideast Airlines purchased a 777 aircraft on January 1, 2020 at a cost of
$40,000,000. The estimated useful life of the aircraft is 20 years, with an
estimated salvage value of $6,000,000. What is the accumulated
depreciation and book value at December 31, 2022, using the straight-line
method

Answers

Answer:

3,400,000 accumulated depreciation, 36,600,000 book value

Explanation:

Cost - salvage = amount to be depreciated

40,000,000-6,000,000=34,000,000 amount to be deprecated

34,000,000/20 years =1,700,000 depreciation per year

1,700,000x2-3,400,000 accumulated depreciation after 2 years

40,000,000-3,400,000=36,600,000 book value

IF COUNTRIES FIND WAYS OF IMPROVING THEIR FACTOR OF PRODUCTIVITY

Answers

Answer:

THEIR FACTOR OF PRODUCTIVITY will increase.

Legacy issues $630,000 of 9.0%, four-year bonds dated January 1, 2019, that pay interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31. They are issued at $571,310 when the market rate is 12%.

Required:
a. Prepare the January 1, 2018, journal entry to record the bonds' issuance.
b. Prepare the journal entries to record the first two interest payments.

Answers

Solution :

a). Prepare the journal entry to record the bonds' issuance as shown below:

Interest paid = [tex]$\$630,000 \times 9\%\times \frac{1}{2}$[/tex]

                      = $ 28,350

   Date           Accounts titles and explanation             Debit ($)       Credit($)

1 Jan 2018      Cash                                                         571,310

                       Discount on bonds payable                    58,690

                        ($ 630,000 - $ 571,130)

                      Bonds payable                                                              630,000

b). Preparing the journal entries to record the first two interest payments :

        Date      Accounts Titles and explanation     Debit($)        Credit($)

 30/6/2018   Interest expense                              35,686.25

                      Discount on bonds payable                                  7,336.25

                      Cash                                                                        28,350

31/12/2018     Interest expense                            35,686.25

                      Discount on bonds payable                                     7,336.25

                       Cash                                                                           28,350                          

                     

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