Complete question:
You are studying a biochemical pathway in the mold Neurospora where enzyme 1 converts the initial substrate into intermediate substrate A; enzyme 2 converts intermediate substrate A into intermediate substrate B; enzyme 3 converts intermediate substrate B into intermediate substrate C; and enzyme 4 converts intermediate substrate C into the end product, an amino acid that is essential for growth. You isolate a mutant that is unable to grow on minimal media. Which data would provide the strongest support for the hypothesis that this mutation occurred in the gene that codes for enzyme 2?
a. The mold can grow on rich medium plus intermediate substrate C, but not on rich medium plus intermediate substrate B.
b. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate B, but not on minimal medium plus the initial substrate.
c. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate B, but not on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate A.
d. The mold can grow on rich medium plus intermediate substrate D, but not on rich medium plus intermediate substrate C.
e. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate A, but not on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate C.
Answer:
c. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate B, but not on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate A.
Explanation:
Let us first diagram the pathway for a better understanding.
The normal organism produces four enzymes that convert substrates in the medium that allow it to survive, grow, and reproduce.
initial substrate ------------> A ----------------> B ----------------> C ----------------> AA
Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 4
Any mutation on the Neurospora´s enzymes will not let the organism grow on the minimal medium because it will not be able to convert the minimal substrate into the following one, because the mutated enzyme will not accomplish its original function.
So if the mutation occurs in enzyme 1, the organism will not be able to convert the initial substrate into intermediate substrate A. And the rest of the reaction will not be possible either because of the lack of substance A.initial substrate -----X----> A -------X-----> B ------X--------> C ------X-------> AA
mutated Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 4
If the mutation occurs in enzyme 2, the organism will not be able to convert the intermediate substrate A into intermediate substrate B. And the rest of the reaction will not be possible either because of the lack of substance B.
initial substrate ------------> A -------X--------> B -------X------> C --------X-----> AA
Enzyme 1 mutated Enz. 2 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 4
If the mutation occurs in enzyme 3, the organism will not be able to convert the intermediate substrate B into intermediate substrate C. And the last reaction will not be possible either because of the lack of substance C.
initial substrate ------------> A ----------------> B -------X--------> C -------X------> AA
Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 mutated Enz. 3 Enzyme 4
And if the mutation occurs in enzyme 4, the organism will not be able to convert the intermediate substrate C into the essential amino acid.
initial substrate ------------> A ----------------> B ----------------> C -------X-------> AA
Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Mutated Enz. 4
But, if we artificially add to the medium the substrate that should be produced by the original enzyme (and that is not converted because of the mutation), then the organism will grow and survive because the other enzymes will be able to produce the essential amino acid.
So, if enzyme 2 is the only enzyme mutated, the organism will not be able to live in a medium with substrate A because the mutated enzyme will not convert the substrate A into B. There will not be B substrate in the medium, and the other enzymes will not produce the essential amino acid. So if the mutation occurs in enzyme 2, substrate A is useless to the organism because it will not survive.
But if we add the intermediate substrate B to the medium, the organism will survive. In a medium with substrate B, all the other reactions will be possible, and the organism will get the essential amino acid. The artificial addition of B substrate will replace the function of the original enzyme 2 -which is the one that converts A into B-.
What is the condition of outside air a certain time and place
O Climate zone
O Weather
O Climate
O Element
WHAT is direct counting
Answer:
Direct counting methods include microscopic counts using a hemocytometer or a counting chamber. The hemocytometer works by creating a volumetric grid divided into differently sized cubes for accurately counting the number of particles in a cube and calculating the concentration of the entire sample.
Explanation:
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which of the following element is not present in proteins
Answer:
Protein: a compound made of amino acids. Each amino acid is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Most proteins also include sulfur.
Which means the only choice left is helium
i hope this is the answer you are looking for
How does evolution work to create the diversity of life on Earth?
In response to a decrease in tissue metabolic activity, tissue oxygen concentrations ________, which causes a(n) ________. In response to a decrease in tissue metabolic activity, tissue oxygen concentrations ________, which causes a(n) ________. increase : active hyperemic response decrease : dilation of the arterioles decrease : increase in tissue ischemia decrease : active hyperemic response increase : constriction of the arterioles
Answer:
The correct answer is - increase: constriction of the arterioles.
Explanation:
When the physical activity is decreased by the tissues of the muscle, the oxygen concentration in the tissue increases which leads to the constriction of the arterioles.
It takes place in order to decrease blood flow and blood pressure as oxygen requirement is less in the tissue in decreased physical metabolic activity. The constriction of arterioles results in more resistance to decrease the blood flow in capillaries.
anyone really good at biology can help me
Answer:
im kinda okay
Explanation:
what do you need help on?
Answer:
Ok I will also hepl.
Explanation:
What is your question
Which of these statements about constellations are true?
Constellations are always changing and may form new images.
Constellations are groups of stars that form patterns in the night sky.
Constellations are groups of stars that can be seen in specific areas of the night sky.
Each constellation has a story about what it means or represents.
The statements which are true about constellations are as follows:
Constellations are groups of stars that form patterns in the night sky.Each constellation has a story about what it means or represents.Constellations are always changing and may form new images.Thus, the correct options for this question are A, B, and D.
What do you mean by Constellations?Constellations may be defined as clusters of stars that form a recognizable pattern and were imagined in order to construct noticeable and apparent configurations of objects or creatures in the sky, especially at night.
These groups of stars are also present in the day but they are not perceived due to the extremely high light of the sun. So, they form patterns in the night sky. These groups of stars are not specifically present as they are distributed randomly and can form new images.
Therefore, the correct options for this question are A, B, and D.
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I will give brainlies if you answer correctly and give an explanation!
Regular periods of overeating followed by self-induced vomiting are associated with which physiological disorder?
A. Anorexia
B. Bulimia
C. Obesity
D. Parkinson's
Answer:
B. Bulimia
Explanation:
See below for a description of each case:
Anorexia (also known as Anorexia nervosa) is an eating disorder characterized by abnormally low body weight. It's similar to the starving of oneself to achieve lower weight, but this is unhealthy. It's very common (more than 3 million cases per year in US) and is treatable. This can last for several months or years and is more common in females from ages 18–35.
Some symptoms include:
Extreme weight loss
Thin appearance
Fatigue and insomnia
Bluish discoloration of the fingers
Hair that thins, breaks or falls out
Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
Dry or yellowish skin
Dehydration
Bulimia (also known as Bulimia nervosa) is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating, followed by methods to avoid weight gain (ie. vomiting). It's very common (more than 3 million cases per year in US) and is treatable. It can last several years or be lifelong and are more common in females from ages 18–35.
Some symptoms include:
Binge eating
Forceful vomiting
Long-term fear of gaining weight
Overuse of laxatives or diuretics
Use of supplements or herbs for weight loss
Excessive exercises
Stained teeth (from stomach acid)
Obesity is a condition characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. It's extremely common (more than 3 million cases per year in US) but is treatable. It can last several years or be lifelong. Family history may increase likelihood for some types.
Some symptoms include:
Above average body weight
Sleep apnea- a condition in which breathing is irregular and periodically stops during sleep
Skin problems caused by moisture that accumulates in the folds of your skin
Osteoarthritis in weight-bearing joints, especially the knees
Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder, meaning it weakens the control of movements of the body over time. It's fairly common (more than 200,000 cases per year in US). There are treatments to manage the condition but there is no known cure. This can last several years or be lifelong. It's more common in 60+ years old males.
Some symptoms include:
Tremors, trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face
Stiffness of the arms, legs and trunk
Slowness of movement
Poor balance and coordination
Speech difficulty
Pls help meeee I’m stuck and thank you so much
Answer:
The answers is b
What causes evolution to occur in organisms? Explain the process of evolution and how it is driven by various factors.
Answer:
Evolution occurs when these heritable differences become more common or rare in a population, either non-randomly through natural selection or randomly through genetic drift. This occurs because organisms with advantageous traits pass on more copies of these heritable traits to the next generation
Explanation:
If not then sorry I tried my best to help out.
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All matter has the same properties.
A.True
B.False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Answer:
False.
Gaseous matter is non-visible, solid and liquids are visible--already making them different. All matters (including the 4th matter) have different chemical and physical properties.
Can someone plz help me out. I don’t really understand this.
5 countries with Very low undernourishment
Answer:
NIGERIA
AFGHANISTAN
CHAD
TIMOR-LESTE
MADAGASCAR
Explanation:
How does E. Coli disrupt homeostasis
Bacteria Natural Selection
Answer:
Bacterial resistance arises through the simple process of natural selection. Bacteria divide rapidly, but DNA replication is imperfect. In the presence of antibiotics, while most bacteria are killed, a small number of resistant mutants may survive and take over.
Explanation:
Hi! Could You Help Me? - Pick A Scenario That You Believe Will Have The Greatest Impact On A Food Web In Your Local Ecosystem And Explain -
Blood leaves the heart to go to the rest of
the body through the
Answer:
arteries
Explanation:
goes back through veins
Answer:
blood leaves the heart to go to the rest of the body through the aorta which is the main Artery carrying oxygenated blood
La división celular sucede en 2 fases, en primer la lugar la división del ______________ y después la división del __________________ *
After eating a sugary snack, a person's blood sugar
level may rise for a short period of time. Which
statement describes the body's way of restoring
homeostasis?
A. The brain will stimulate the body to sweat
in order to increase blood sugar levels.
O B. The brain will stimulate the cells to produce
more sugar, increasing blood sugar levels.
C. The brain will stimulate the cells to
maintain the elevated blood sugar levels.
O D. The brain will stimulate the release of a
chemical that will lower blood sugar levels.
_____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up. See Concept 42.6 (Page) View Available Hint(s) _____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up. See Concept 42.6 (Page) A decrease ... a drop An increase ... a rise An increase ... a drop A decrease ... a rise Actually, it is the rise and fall of oxygen, not carbon dioxide, that controls breathing.
Answer:
1 An increase
2 A drop
Explanation:
provide an example for learned behavior and for instinct.
Answer: Learned behaviors are modified by previous experiences; examples of simple learned behaviors include habituation and imprinting.
Examples of this include a dog shaking after it gets wet, a sea turtle seeking out the ocean after hatching, or a bird migrating before the winter season. In humans, many reflexes are examples of instinctive behaviors.
Explanation:
Answer:
Hello There!!
Explanation:
An example for instinctive behaviour is nest building in birds and for learned behaviour an example can be playing an instrument.
hope this helps,have a great day!!
~Pinky~
Plz I need help I will give you 50 points
Answer:
what is the name of this website or the book
please tell me
Answer:
ok so lets elimnate we already have tips on how to save thanks to our teacher/classmates and even if we didnt we can look them up and there baiscly all the same thing so A is out. answer B is pretty good so we will wait to the end C is common sense i dont tink it would that because the teacher is giving us 2 months and u pay rent every 1 month so thats out so that leaves u with B and D. i personally i think its D but usally rent stays the same for each month unless the person who owns building charges u more which they tell you about
Explanation:
What are three of the products whales are hunted for by the whalers and their substitute products?
Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by ____.
a. Continental Drift
b. Conduction
c. Convection Current
Answer:
convection currents
Explanation:
continental drift is a result of earth's moving plates. so it's convection currents
True or False: The lower layers of the atmosphere contain greenhouse gases that trap heat near the Earth keeping everything at a relatively stable temperature compared to space.
O True
O False
Answer: True
Explanation:
Base your answer to the question on the chemical reaction below.
If the chemical reaction takes place in an organism that requires sunlight to produce substance X, the organism must be
1. a heterotroph
2. an annelid
3. an autotroph
4. a fungus
The government wants to set new regulations that prohibit chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) use in aerosol sprays and refrigerants. How will this act help with the sustainability of our environment?
Answer:
The new regulation will help reduce the amount of green house gases available in the atmosphere thereby saving our environment from the Green house effect
Explanation:
Chlorofluorocarbons are examples of greenhouse gases which contribute to the Green house effect been experienced in our environment, by destroying the earths' Ozone layer
If the Government sets a new regulation that prohibit its use in sprays and refrigerants it will help reduce the amount of green house gases available in the atmosphere thereby saving our environment from the Green house effect
Answer:
that act will help the sustainability of out environment because : C. It will slow down the degradation of the ozone layer
The usage of CFC will crate chlorine atoms that catalyze ozone degradation. By prohibiting this product, Government will slow down Ozone's degradation
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Please help and thank you whoever you are
A list of different ions is shown. Which combination of ions will result in an ionic bond?
Na+
02-
S2
F
SO
NaF
NaO2
LiNa
Answer:
NaF
Explanation:
NaF is an ionic compound because Na gives an electron to F, causing it to become Na+ and F to become F-
Why do the temperatures change over the months?
O A. Because the Moon is tilted on its axis, it reflects more sunlight on Earth during different times of Earth's yearly orbit.
B. Because the Sun is tilted on its axis, parts of Earth get more sunlight during different times of Earth's yearly orbit.
O C. Because Earth is tilted on its axis, the stars reflect more light during different times of the Earth's yearly orbit.
D. Because Earth is tilted on its axis, parts of Earth get more hours of sunlight during different times of Earth's yearly orbit.
Answer:
Answer
Explanation:
B because the more the sun is titled the more heat=different season.
Because Earth is tilted on its axis, parts of Earth get more hours of sunlight during different times of Earth's yearly orbit. As Earth orbits around the Sun, its axis is tilted at an angle of about 23.5 degrees. Hence the correct option is D.
Why do the temperatures change over the months?The temperatures change over the months primarily because of Earth's axial tilt. As the Earth rotates around the sun, the angle at which sunlight hits different parts of the Earth changes.
This is because the Earth's axis is tilted about 23.5 degrees relative to its orbit around the sun. When a particular hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, it receives more direct sunlight, resulting in warmer temperatures.
Conversely, when that hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it receives less direct sunlight, resulting in cooler temperatures. This cycle repeats itself annually, causing changes in temperatures over the months.
Hence the correct option is D.
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